Social Science

3 Social Science

Social Science Learning Lab is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Educational department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence.

WRITERS Natalia Gómez María More

ILLUSTRATIONS Dani Jiménez Esther Pérez-Cuadrado

SCIENCE CONSULTANT Raquel Macarrón

EDITOR Sara J. Checa

EXECUTIVE EDITOR Peter Barton

BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España

Do not write in this book. Do all the activities in your notebook.

Contents

Get started!...... 6

1 The relief of Spain...... 8

2 Our rivers...... 22

Learning Lab game...... 36

3 We live in Europe...... 38

4 Our world...... 52

Learning Lab game...... 66

5 Studying the past...... 68

6 Discovering history...... 82

Learning Lab game...... 96

Key vocabulary...... 98.

three 3 UNIT CONTENTS RAPS MINI LAB / BE A GEOGRAPHER! FINAL TASK

1 • Inland and coastal landscape features • Main features of the relief of Spain The relief rap • Compare landscapes Expedition to an autonomous community The relief of Spain • Parts of a mountain • Highest mountains and mountain • Mountain presentation ranges in Spain • Relief maps • How do you read a relief map?

2 • Types of rivers • River maps The river rap • How are watersheds similar Expedition on a river Our rivers • Parts of a river • Cantabrian rivers • How do you read a watershed map? • Features of a river • Atlantic rivers • Spanish rivers • Mediterranean rivers

REVIEW Learning Lab game

3 • Where is Europe? • Rivers and lakes in Europe The Russian rap • Investigate a lake in Europe Expedition to a country in Europe We live in Europe • Types of maps • Countries in Europe • Learn European languages • The relief in Europe • The population of Europe • How do you read a political map? • The coast in Europe

4 • Asia • Africa The Oceania rap • Discover monuments of the world Expedition to Asia Our world • North America • Oceania • How do you read map scales? • South America • Antarctica

REVIEW Learning Lab game

5 • Historical sources • Years, centuries and ages The archaeology rap • Finding fossils Make a personal timeline Studying the past • Archaeology • Historical timelines • How do we look for clues from the past? • Measuring time • Clues from the past • Timelines

6 • Palaeolithic and Neolithic • Renaissance The Renaissance rap • Historical costume designs Expedition to the past Discovering history • The Ancient Age • The Industrial revolution • How can we predict the future? • The Middle Ages

REVIEW Learning Lab game

KEY VOCABULARY

4 four UNIT CONTENTS RAPS MINI LAB / BE A GEOGRAPHER! FINAL TASK

REVIEW Learning Lab game

4 • Asia • Africa The Oceania rap • Discover monuments of the world Expedition to Asia Our world • North America • Oceania • How do you read map scales? • South America • Antarctica

REVIEW Learning Lab game

KEY VOCABULARY

five 5 Get started!

7 6 1

4 12 5 9 2

Think about the world Continent one is Asia. 1 Look at the map. Name the continents and oceans. 901533_00_p06_h01_mundi_fisico_mudo Spain is in Europe. 2 Can you name a country on each continent? Madrid is a city in Spain. Do you know a city in these countries?

3 Look at the photo. Describe it. What country can you see? Explain why.

I can see…

I think it is… because…

6 six A B C

Think about yourself 4 Look at the photos of Sara. Order them. 901533_00_p06_h01_mundi_fisico_mudo 5 Copy and complete.

I started school in I am … years old. This year is … the year … My date of birth is … I am … years old. I was … years old.

6 What do you want to be when you grow up? Why? I want to be a geographer. I want to be a nurse.

7 In what year will you be 18 years old? How will the world be different?

seven 7 1 The relief of Spain What are landscape features?

A B

C D

Observe 1 Look at the photos. What can you You already know! see? Talk to a partner. • Spain has different types of landscapes. What can you see in photo A? • There are coastal landscapes and inland landscapes. I can see a cliff. • There are many different landscape features.

8 eight How are landscapes similar?

Mini Lab

Compare landscapes

A B

1 Copy the diagram in your notebook.

Landscape A Both Landscape B

… … …

2 Compare the two landscapes. 3 Write the landscape features and man-made elements that you can see in the correct circle. Write the things you can see in both in the centre. 4 How are the landscapes similar? How are they different?

Final task They are similar because… Expedition to an autonomous community

nine 9 What is relief?

Relief is the combination of landscape features in an area of land. The relief of coastal and inland landscapes is different. Coastal landscapes are next to the sea.

A gulf is a large area of sea that extends A cape is an area of land that extends into into the land. the sea.

An island is an area of land surrounded A peninsula is an area of land surrounded by water. A group of islands is called an by water on all sides except one. It is archipelago. connected to the coast by the isthmus.

1 Listen to the definitions and write the names of the landscape features.

2 Play ‘guess the landscape feature’ with a partner.

It is a low elevation of land. Is it a hill? Yes!

3 Draw a coastal landscape in your notebook. Include a cape, a gulf and an archipelago. Label the landscape features.

10 ten 1 Key words

• beach • plateau • cliff • river • lake • relief Inland landscapes are far from the sea.

A mountain is an elevated area that is A valley is an area of low land between higher than the surrounding land. mountains.

A plain is flat area of low land. A hill is a low natural elevation of land.

Think about it 4 Copy and complete the diagram with hill, mountain and plain.

… … …

eleven 11 Where is the foot of a mountain?

Mountains can be alone in a landscape or grouped with other mountains.

A mountain range is a group of mountains. A mountain chain is a line of mountain ranges.

Mountains have different parts.

The peak is the highest part of a The foot is the mountain. bottom of the mountain.

The sides are called slopes.

1 Copy the diagram and label the parts of the mountain.

…

12 twelve 1

Be a geographer!

How do you read a relief map? Relief maps use different colours to show the height and shape of the land.

ALTITUDE From 1,000 to 1,500 metres

From 500 to 1,000 metres

From 0 to 500 metres

Look at the key What does green represent on the map? 1 What does green represent on the map? What does yellow represent?

2 What colour represents the highest mountains? Green represents 3 What colour represents the rivers? low land.

Look at the map 1 4 Copy and complete. a. ….. represents a river. 2 b. ….. represents a mountain. c. ….. represents a hill or plateau. d. ….. represents a plain. 4 3

thirteen 13 What do you know about the relief of Spain?

The relief of Spain is organised according to the height of the land.

C a n t a b r i a n S e a F R A N C E CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA ANDORRA E P I B R I N S R E O IS O S T E B M A A S IB I I N N E R É N N L R A IC TR O A L N CE R E S E A A M E A E ST L C SI A B G P L A T E A U O

C S

I T A L T R S I e a N S a n O n e A a r r P e L t d i IN M e T AS IR B A IV S U EMA Q IST S L S ICO A BÉT D

ALTITUDE (metres) Over 2,000 A T L A N T I C O C E A N Altitude (metres) From 1,500 to 2,000 I S L A S C A N A R I A S describes the height of From 1,000 to 1,500 From 700 to 1,000 a point compared with From 400 to 700 sea level (0 metres). From 0 to 400

Think about9 0it1533_01_p12_h01_Espana_Fisico Santa Cruz Puerto de Tenerife 1 Look at the map of Tenerife. Answer de la Cruz the questions. Candelaria Teide • What is the highest point of the # 3,718 m island? What is its altitude?

• Find Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Is this Los Cristianos high or low land?

14 fourteen

901533_01_p12_h02_tenerife_fisico 1 Key words

• river basin THE RELIEF OF SPAIN • inside • outside

the Inner Plateau mountains two river basins two archipelagos

The Inner Plateau There are The Guadalquivir The Islas Baleares is a large area of mountain ranges basin is in the are in the high and flat land inside and around south of the Mediterranean in the centre the Inner Plateau. Iberian Peninsula. Sea. of the Iberian Other mountains The Ebro basin is The Islas Canarias Peninsula. are outside the in the north of the are in the Atlantic Inner Plateau. Iberian Peninsula. Ocean.

2 Let’s rap! Listen and say the name of the relief.

Think about it 3 Where is the Inner Plateau? Where is the Ebro basin? Tell a partner.

Where is the The Ebro basin is in the north Ebro basin? of the Iberian Peninsula.

fifteen 15 Where are the highest mountains in Spain?

The highest mountain in Spain is Teide on Tenerife. It has an altitude of 3,718 metres. Spain has many other high mountains.

1. Cordillera 2. Pirineos 3. Sistema Ibérico Cantábrica This mountain chain is This mountain chain is This mountain chain on the border of Spain, on the Inner Plateau. is to the north of the France and Andorra. Inner Plateau.

Highest mountain: Highest mountain: Highest mountain: Torre Cerredo Aneto Moncayo

Observe 1 Copy and complete the table.

Cordillera Pirineos Sistema Ibérico Sistema Central Sistemas Béticos Cantábrica

AREA MOUNTAINS

On the Inner Plateau …

Around the Inner Plateau …

Outside the Inner Plateau …

2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at a relief map of Spain. Add more mountains to your table.

16 sixteen Cantabrian Sea 1 1 2

N 4

A 3

O 4. Sistema Central C I

This mountain chain A

T divides the Inner A 5 Sea an Plateau into two parts: ane err dit north and south. Me

ATLANTIC OCEAN

5. Sistemas Béticos These mountain chains are in the south. The90 1Cordillera533_01_ Subbéticap15_h01_ Espana_Fisico Highest mountain: is inland and the Cordillera Almanzor Penibética is near the coast. Highest mountain: Mulhacén Mini Lab

Mountain presentation 1 Choose a mountain in Spain to investigate. 2 Find information. • What is the altitude of your mountain? • Which towns or cities is it near? • Which plants grow there? • Which animals live there? • What activities can you do on your mountain?

3 Make a poster. • Include pictures of the mountain and labels. 4 Present the information to your class.

seventeen 17 Check your progress

Vocabulary

1 In your notebook, match the words and pictures.

A mountain

mountain range

mountain chain

Concepts

2 Write a sentence for each mountain chain.

Sistemas Béticos Sistema Central on is The Sistema Ibérico around the Inner Plateau. are Pirineos outside Cordillera Cantábrica

3 Copy and correct the sentences. A. The Guadalquivir basin is in the north of Spain. B. The Ebro basin is in the south of Spain. C. The Islas Baleares are in the Atlantic Ocean. D. The Islas Canarias are in the Mediterranean Sea.

18 eighteen 1

Apply what you know

4 Describe the relief you see in the map.

What relief can you see in the map?

ALTITUDE (metres) Over 1,000 From 400 to 1,000 I can see… From 0 to 400

Embalse deMaría Cristina 5 Copy and complete.

the Inner Plateau

816737_p28_Cataluña Físico Político THE RELIEF OF SPAIN

mountains river basins archipelagos

… … …

My progress How is my work? Think about your work in this unit. Copy and complete.

Very well OK I need practice

I can identify relief in maps and photos. … … …

I can identify the mountain ranges of Spain … … …

nineteen 19 Final task

Expedition to an autonomous community

Plan an expedition to explore the relief of an autonomous community.

You need • a notebook • a pencil • coloured pencils

1 Think about it How many autonomous communities can you remember?

2 Make a decision • In a group, compare the map of the Let’s visit Andalucía! autonomous communities and the relief map of Spain. Choose an autonomous community you want OK! to visit.

Cantabrian Sea PRINCIPADO DE ASTURIAS Santander PAÍS Santiago Oviedo CANTABRIA VASCO de Compostela CORDILLERA Vitoria Pamplona CANTÁBRICA GALICIA C.F. DE P Logroño I R I N E NAVARRA O S LA RIOJA CATALUÑA SI S T CASTILLA Y LEÓN Zaragoza E M A Barcelona

N I COMUNIDAD ARAGÓN BÉ A R DE MADRID CENTRAL IC E MA O ILLES BALEARS C TE SIS Madrid O Toledo Valencia C I EXTREMADURA Palma T CASTILLA- COMUNITAT N Mérida LA MANCHA VALENCIANA A L Murcia T A A N D A L U C Í A REGIÓN SISTEMAS Sea DE MURCIA an Sevilla BÉTICOS ane err dit Me

CANARIAS Ceuta ATLANTIC OCEAN Melilla Santa Cruz Las Palmas de Tenerife de Gran Canaria

20 twenty 901533_01_p20_h01_Espana_Fisico

901533_01_p20_h02_Espana_CCAA 1

3 Plan your expedition I want to visit Mulhacén and In your group, use a relief map of the the Doñana National Park. autonomous community. • Which places do you want to visit? Why? • What relief do you want to see? Why? • What route do you want to take? Why? We can travel by bike. • How do you want to travel? Why? • What equipment do you need? Why?

4 Make a poster Include: • A map of the autonomous community with photos or drawings of some of the relief. • A line to show the route you will take. • A list of equipment. • Information on how you will travel.

Show and tell

5 Prepare a presentation Make notes: • Why do you want to visit the autonomous community? • Why did you choose the route? • Why do you want to travel by river, road, land or sea? • Why do you need the equipment?

6 Present your expedition to your class • Take turns to speak. • Use your poster to explain your expedition.

twenty-one 21

Key vocabulary UNIT

1 The relief of Spain

altitude the height of a point compared with sea level (0 metres). archipelago a group of islands. cape an area of land that extends into the sea. foot the bottom of a mountain. gulf a large area of sea that extends into the land. hill a low natural elevation of land. island an area of land surrounded by plain a flat area of low land. water. plateau a flat area of high land. isthmus an area of land that connects a relief the combination of landscape peninsula to the coast. features in an area of land. mountain an elevated area that is higher relief map a map that uses different than the surrounding land. colours to show the height and shape mountain chain a line of mountain of the land. ranges. river basin a valley where the water mountain range a group of mountains. flows into a river. peak the highest part of a mountain. slope the side of a mountain. peninsula an area of land surrounded by valley an area of low land between water on all sides except one. mountains.

98 ninety-eight