Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2018) 42: 172-178 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1709-24

A new species of Trichocera Meigen with further records of Metatrichocera Dahl from Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia (Diptera, Trichoceridae)

1, 2 1,3 1 Levente-Péter KOLCSÁR *, Andrius PETRAŠIŪNAS , Edina TÖRÖK , Lujza KERESZTES 1 Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity, and Bioresources, University of Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania 3 Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania

Received: 22.09.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 05.12.2017 Final Version: 21.03.2018

Abstract: Here we report a new winter crane fly (Trichoceridae) species, belonging to the subgenus Metatrichocera Dahl, 1966 from Bulgaria. Further records of Metatrichocera Dahl from Bulgaria, Romania, and Serbia are presented with illustrations and taxonomic remarks. The records of Trichocera (Metatrichocera) forcipula Nielsen, 1920 and Trichocera (Metatrichocera) ticina Starý & Podėnas, 1995 represent the first records of Trichoceridae from Serbia.

Key words: New faunistic records, winter crane flies, distribution, illustration

1. Introduction old records for T. (Saltrichocera) regelationis (Linnaeus, Trichoceridae or winter crane flies are a relatively small 1758) from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Strobl, 1898, 1900, dipteran group. Only two genera have been reported 1902) and recent ones from Slovenia (Novak, 2005) from Western Palearctic so far: Cladoneura Scudder, as well as from the caves in Bulgaria (Hazelton, 1970; 1894 (formerly Diazosma Bergroth, 1913) and Trichocera Pavlova, 2009; Beron et al., 2011). T. (S.) annulata Meigen, Meigen, 1803. The genus Trichocera includes four 1818 is known from Croatia (Strobl, 1902) and T. (S.) subgenera: Trichocera Meigen, 1803; Metatrichocera maculipennis Meigen, 1818 from Bosnia and Herzegovina Dahl, 1966; Saltrichocera Krzemińska, 2002; and the (Strobl, 1898, 1900, 1902) and Slovenia (Novak and Kuštor, recently described Staryia Krzemińska & Gorzka, 2016 1983; Novak, 2005). T. (Metatrichocera) forcipula Nielsen, (Dahl, 1966; Krzemińska, 2002; Krzemińska and Gorzka, 1920 was reported from Bulgaria (Dahl, 1992), but no 2016). Among these, members of Metatrichocera show locality data were given. Finally, 16 species were reported the most spectacular and complex male genitalia. This from Romania (Ujvárosi and Krzemińska, 2002). Having subgenus was originally described as a genus (Dahl, 1966); in mind the number of new species described in Europe nevertheless, later it was treated as a subgenus of Trichocera in recent years, there might be many new findings in the (Alexander and Alexander, 1973; Dahl and Alexander, Balkans as well. 1976). The definition of the subgenus Metatrichocera has been discussed and rephrased several times (Dahl, 1971; 2. Materials and methods Dahl and Alexander, 1976; Nakamura and Saigusa, 1997; The type material was collected by using sweep net and Starý, 1998; Krzemińska, 2002), with the conclusion that specimens were stored in 96% ethanol and deposited this group is probably paraphyletic and includes several in the Diptera Collection of the Faculty of Biology and species groups (Krzemińska, 2002). Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania From a faunistic point of view, Trichoceridae contains (DCBBU). The morphological characteristics of the male rather neglected Diptera taxa, having only sparse data and female terminalia were examined after maceration in from the Balkan Peninsula. Trichocera (Trichocera) 10% KOH. The photos were taken using an Olympus SZ61 hiemalis (De Geer, 1776) is known from old records from stereomicroscope and an Optik microscope equipped Croatia (Strobl, 1902), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Strobl, with a Canon 650D camera and an LM Digital SLR 1898, 1900), and Bulgaria (Czerny, 1930). There are also Adapter (Micro Tech Lab, Austria). Layer photos were * Correspondence: [email protected] 172 KOLCSÁR et al. / Turk J Zool combined using a free version of Zerene Stacker (http:// Paratypes: 3 males and 2 females from same location zerenesystems.com/cms/stacker). All collection data are and date, 3 males from Bulgaria, Turiya/Turia (Турия), available from the TransDiptera Online Database (http:// Sredna Gora Mts., Turiiska River (Турийска река), 620 m, transdiptera.ro, doi: 10.18426/OBM.5sskmlll3ip0). 42.51086°N, 25.20612°E, 30 October 2016, leg. Keresztes L. Description: Male: Body 5–5.1 mm, wing 6–6.1 mm. 3. Results and discussion Head dark brown. Antennae lighter brown than the head, 16-segmented, 2.5–2.8 mm long. Scape and pedicel a little 3.1. Description of Trichocera (Metatrichocera) unica darker than the remaining flagellomeres. First flagellomere Kolcsár, sp. nov. (f1) elongated, 1.2–1.5 times as long as the second one (f2) Since the specimens described herein (Figures 1–3) are (Figure 1C). Flagellomeres 2–4 are equal in length, f5–f6 stored in alcohol, their actual coloration might differ from are a little narrower and longer than f4. Starting from f7 the specimen stored dry or observed alive. and up to f14 the flagellomeres are very narrow and are Diagnosis: Medium-sized species, with relatively approximately equal in length (Figure 1D). simple gonostylus, which is cylindrical in general, with a Thorax light brown to brown. Legs are unicolored, rounded projection on the interior margin in the middle, light brown. Fore fourth tarsomere 1.1× longer than the the apical end of gonostylus yellowish and finger-like. fifth tarsomere. Fore fifth tarsomere 3.5–4× as long as Gonocoxite cylindrical in dorsal view and the bridge the tarsal claw (Figure 1B). Half of the fifth tarsomere is distinctly fused and bent apically, leaving a large rhombus- densely covered with setae on the ventral side (Figure 1B). shaped membranous area over sternite IX in ventral view. Wing venation light brown to brown. A2, cross-veins r-m Material: Holotype: male, Bulgaria, Kalòfer and m-cu and the basal 1/3 of the M are bare, all other (КалÒфер), Stara Planina Mts., tributary of the Tùndzha veins with setae on both sides. Stigma is very faint, a small River (Тунджа река), 900 m, 42.669285°N, 24.987644°E, spot is visible on r-m (Figure 1A). 28 October 2016, leg. Kolcsár L.-P. and Török E.

Figure 1. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) unica Kolcsár, sp. nov. male: A- right wing; B- fore fourth and fifth tarsus; C- scape, pedicel, and first five flagellomeres; D- last (f14) flagellomere; E- schematic illustration of tarsal claw, lateral view of aedeagal complex; F- photograph; G- schematic illustration. Scale bars: A- 1 mm, B and C- 0.2 mm, D- 0.1 mm, F and G- 0.1 mm.

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Figure 2. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) unica Kolcsár, sp. nov. male genitalia. Dorsal view: A- photograph; B- schematic illustration, ventral view; C- photograph; D- schematic illustration. Lateral view: E- photograph; F- schematic illustration; G- close view of apical part of gonostylus. Scale bars: A–F- 0.5 mm.

Figure 3. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) unica Kolcsár, sp. nov. female genitalia: A- lateral view; B- dorsal view; C- ventral view; D- close lateral view of female genitalia; E- inner genitalia in ventral view; F- spermathecal capsule; H- pattern in the inner side of cercus; I- pattern in the end of cercus. Scale bars: A- 0.5 mm, B and C- 0.25 mm, E and F- 0.2 mm.

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Abdomen brown to dark brown. Male genitalia dark Etymology: The name of the species refers to its brown. Sternite IX and tergite IX fused (Figures 2E, 2F). uniquely shaped gonostylus (unica = unique). Gonocoxite cylindrical in dorsal view (Figures 2A, 2B). 3.2. Further records of Metatrichocera The bridge distinctly bent apically and fused in middle, Trichocera (Metatrichocera) forcipula Nielsen, 1920 leaving a large rhombus-shaped membranous area over (Figures 4 and 5) sternite IX in ventral view (Figures 2C, 2D). Gonostylus (Other illustrations: Nielsen, 1920, figs. 1–3; Dahl, is uniquely shaped within the Trichoceridae. Gonostylus is 1966, figs. 2, 6, 11, 35, 39, 43) cylindrical in general, with a small rounded projection on Material: Bulgaria, between Shipkovo (Шипково) and the interior margin in the middle (Figures 2A–2D), with a Ribaritsa (Рибарица), Stara Planina Mts., mountain pass, finger-like narrowing at the end. The finger-like end of the 1230 m, 42.851610°N, 24.493634°E, 29 October 2016, gonostylus is yellowish, with the end covered with setae 7 males, leg. Kolcsár L.-P. and Török E; Serbia, Crni Vrh (Figure 2G). In lateral view the gonostylus is mildly curved (Црни Врх), Stara Planina Mts., near Babin Zub (Бабин ventrally (Figures 2E, 2F). Aedeagal complex (Figures 1F, зуб), 1220 m, 43.381971°N, 22.611664°E, 30 October 1G). 2016, 1 female, leg. Kolcsár L.-P. and Török E. Female. Body 5.1–5.2 mm, wing 5.9–6.1 mm. Female Comments: This species was described from Denmark antennae are similar to male antennae, just a little shorter (Nielsen, 1920) and later found in many European (2.2–2.5 mm). Body coloration is similar to the male body countries: in France (Krzemińska and Brunhes, 1991) coloration. Wing as in the case of male. Female genitalia and Belgium (Mortelmans and Dekeukeleire, 2012) light brown (Figure 3). Tergites 9 and 10 fused in middle in the west; through Switzerland (Bangerter, 1948), (Figure 3B). Cercus (ovipositor) is 0.5 mm long, as long as Germany (Dahl, 1992; Schacht, 2000), the Czech Republic the genital segment (tergites 8–10 and sternite 8) (Figures (Martinovský and Starý, 1988), Poland (Krzemiński, 1983), 3A, 3B). The inner side of the cercus is covered in spike- and the Slovak Republic (Starý, 1997, 2009) to Hungary like setae that are directed apically and probably help the (Krzemińska, 2001) in the east; and through Lithuania egg-laying (Figure 3H). The tip of cercus is rounded and bears two larger sensilla and a row of smaller ones along (Podėnas, 1993; Petrašiūnas and Visarčuk, 2007) up to the edge (Figure 3I). Genital plate is slightly broadened in Sweden (Dahl, 1966) and Russia (Stackelberg, 1951) in the the middle part (Figure 3E). Supragenital plate is narrow north. It was mentioned from Bulgaria by Dahl (1992), in the basal part, forming a concave surfaces and bears two but with no locality data. The Bulgarian records are the bristles (Figure 3E). Genital fork is 1.8× longer than the southernmost known so far. Specimens were collected in genital plate (Figure 3E). The three spermathecal capsules temperatures between –1 and 5 °C, in a young hornbeam are rounded (Figure 3F). Hypogynial valves are rounded (Carpinus betulus)-dominated forest in Bulgaria and in a both in lateral and ventral view, with small lobes in dorsal mixed spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sp.) forest in parts (Figures 3A, 3C, 3D). Serbia. The species is herein reported from Serbia for the Distribution and ecology: The new species is probably first time and we confirm the presence of the species in widely distributed in the Stara Planina Mountains and in Bulgaria with locality data. the surrounding areas. The species was collected by us Trichocera (Metatrichocera) ticina Starý & Podėnas, around small brooks in hornbeam (Carpinus betulus)- 1995 (Figure 6) dominated forest. The specimens were collected in (other illustrations: Starý and Podėnas, 1995, figs. 1–4) temperatures between 1 and 5 °C. Material: Serbia, Crni Vrh (Црни Врх), Stara Planina Notes: The species is unique and has relatively simple Mts., near Babin Zub (Бабин зуб), 1220 m, 43.381971°N genitalia within Metatrichocera, probably representing 22.611664°E, 30 October 2016, 1 male, leg. Kolcsár L.-P. a new species group. We include the species in and Török E. Romania, Vălișoara, Trască Mts., Vălișoarei Metatrichocera based on the relatively narrow anal cell, Cayon, 520 m, 46.384371°N, 23.575915°E, 14 November the gonostylus being not simply shaped and the gonocoxal 2017, 1 male, leg. Kolcsár L.-P. bridge distinctly bent apically and fused in the middle. Comments: A very rare trichocerid species. Originally However, the new species does not match all the features of described from canton Ticino, Switzerland, close to the Metatrichocera highlighted by Krzemińska (2002), as the Swiss–Italian border (Starý and Podėnas, 1995). Later the gonocoxite is cylindrical, longer than wider in dorsal view, species was also reported from Hungary, collected in a the membranous part between the bridge and IX sternite boggy meadow near Pellérd (Krzemińska, 2001). The male is large and the lateral apodemes of aedeagal complex are aedeagal structure of this species closely resembles that relatively dumpy, not three times longer than wide. Until of the species in subgenus Saltrichocera, but until a more a more thorough revision of subgenus Metatrichocera is thorough revision of subgenus Metatrichocera, we leave made, we include the species in this subgenus. the species in its original placement.

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Figure 4. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) forcipula Nielsen, 1920 male: A- wing; B- dorsal view of genitalia; C- ventral view of genitalia; D- lateral view of genitalia; E- lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scale bars: A- 1 mm, B–D- 0.5 mm, E- 0.25 mm.

Figure 5. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) forcipula Nielsen, 1920 female genitalia: A- lateral view; B- dorsal view; C- ventral view; D- close lateral view of female genitalia; E- inner genitalia; F- spermathecal capsule; H- pattern in cercus; I- pattern in the inner side of cercus; J- pattern in the end of cercus. Scale bars: A- 0.25 mm, B and C- 0.25 mm, E- 60 µm, F- 0.2 mm.

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Figure 6. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) ticina Starý & Podėnas, 1995 male: A- wing; B- dorsal view of genitalia; C- ventral view of genitalia; D- lateral view of genitalia; E- lateral view of aedeagal complex. Scale bars: A- 1 mm, B–D- 0.5 mm, E- 0.2 mm.

The biology and ecology of the species is unknown. The ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this We collected the specimen in temperatures between –1 publication is: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank. and 2 °C, in spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sp.) org:pub:81084BB7-2C87-4247-8233-BB71F5C6B41A mixed forest, near a small brook in Serbia. The Romanian specimen was collected in hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) Acknowledgments forest, in temperatures between 5 and 10 °C. The species is We thank Tamara Szentiványi for the linguistic revision reported here for the first time from Romania and Serbia, and we appreciate the comments and advice of the which together with Trichocera forcipula, represents the anonymous reviewers and the help of the editor. This study first records of Trichoceridae from Serbia. was financially supported by a grant of the Romanian Taxonomic remarks: The specimen stored in alcohol is Ministry of National Education, CNCS-UEFISCDI - nr. very black with a little gleam in the prescutum. PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0595. During preparation of the Nomenclatural acts: This work and the nomenclatural manuscript the first and third authors received financial acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank. support from Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.

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