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1 a Jagged Path: Tourism, Planning, and Development

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1 a Jagged Path: Tourism, Planning, and Development A JAGGED PATH: TOURISM, PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICAN WORLD HERITAGE CITIES By RICHARD G. SHIELDHOUSE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Richard G. Shieldhouse 2 To Stephanie Shieldhouse, for supporting, enabling, and enduring 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My heartfelt thanks go to the unwavering support of my supervisory committee, Dr. Christopher Silver, Professor Roy Eugene Graham, and Professor William Tilson from the University of Florida‘s College of Design, Construction and Planning, and Dr. Brijesh Thapa from the University‘s Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management. Much-needed and much-appreciated support was also provided the University‘s Department of Statistics, particularly its Chairman, Dr. George Casella and one of his doctoral students, Nabanita Mukerjhee. In the course of this investigation I met many helpful people in Mexico, who liberally shared their knowledge and information. Special thanks must extend to Dr. Carlos Alberto Hiriart Pardo of the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Others who were especially generous with their time were María Concepción Marquez Sandoval, Martha Wario López, Jane Ashley, and Ricardo Almanza Carillo with Universidad de Guanajuato. None of this would have been possible without the support of my family, which managed to extend unflagging support despite many absences, much grouchiness, and occasional unexplained illnesses. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 12 Background ............................................................................................................. 12 Justification for the Study ........................................................................................ 17 Research Objectives ............................................................................................... 19 Limitations of the Research .................................................................................... 23 Significance of the Research .................................................................................. 24 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................................................... 26 Overview ................................................................................................................. 26 Does World Heritage Inscription Stimulate More Visits to World Heritage Cities? .. 26 Management and Planning Aspects of Heritage Tourism ....................................... 34 Cultural Heritage Tourism and World Heritage Sites in Mexico .............................. 47 3 RESEARCH METHODS ......................................................................................... 53 Overview ................................................................................................................. 53 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................. 54 Specifying the Model & Choosing the Variables ............................................... 55 Data Handling ................................................................................................... 68 Case Studies and Mixed Methods .................................................................... 69 Subject of Study ............................................................................................... 79 Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines ............................................ 82 Historic Center of Morelia ................................................................................. 86 4 STATISTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................... 103 Does World Heritage Inscription Stimulate More Visits to World Heritage Cities? 103 Campeche ............................................................................................................ 105 Guanajuato ........................................................................................................... 108 Morelia .................................................................................................................. 110 Oaxaca ................................................................................................................. 111 Puebla ................................................................................................................... 112 5 Querétaro .............................................................................................................. 113 Zacatecas ............................................................................................................. 114 5 MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING ASPECTS OF HERITAGE TOURISM ............ 125 Overview ............................................................................................................... 125 Guanajuato ........................................................................................................... 128 Planning and Strategy .................................................................................... 129 Branding and Slogans .................................................................................... 142 Political Issues ................................................................................................ 146 The Cervantino Festival ................................................................................. 150 Data Issues .................................................................................................... 153 Morelia .................................................................................................................. 155 Planning and Strategy .................................................................................... 157 Plan Maestro Para el Rescate del Centro Histórico de Morelia ...................... 157 Programa Parcial de Desarrollo Urbano del Centro Histórico de Morelia ....... 159 Plan de Reestructuración Turístico de la Ciudad de Morelia .......................... 163 6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 186 Overview ............................................................................................................... 186 Study Limitations .................................................................................................. 190 Value of the Research .......................................................................................... 193 Future Research ................................................................................................... 194 APPENDIX A INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS AT SEVEN MEXICAN WORLD HERITAGE CITIES: 1986-2009. .............................................................................................. 196 B MEXICAN PESOS PER SDR ............................................................................... 197 C GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL ARRIVALS (MILLIONS) ........................................... 198 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 199 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 216 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 3-1 Mexican World Heritage cities by year of inscription .......................................... 90 3-2 2005 population for Mexican World Heritage cities ............................................. 91 3-3 Foreign arrivals to Guanajuato and Morelia: 2000-2008 ..................................... 92 4-1 Summary model results for selected Mexican World Heritage cities ............... 116 4-2 Summary model results for Campeche ........................................................... 117 4-3 Summary model results for Guanajuato .......................................................... 118 4-4 Summary model results for Morelia .................................................................. 119 4-5 Summary model results for Oaxaca ................................................................ 120 4-6 Summary model results for Puebla ................................................................... 121 4-7 Summary model results for Querétaro .............................................................. 122 4-8 Summary model results for Zacatecas ............................................................. 123 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 3-1 General location of Guanajuato and Morelia, Mexico. ........................................ 93 3-2 Foreign arrivals to Mexican World Heritage cities: 1986-2008 ........................... 94 3-3 Foreign arrivals to Mexican World Heritage cities, 2000-2003. (Source: SECTUR, for dates noted.) ................................................................................. 95 3-4 Combined foreign arrivals for
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