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Sino-Arabic Calligraphy: Form, Function and Aesthetic Values - a Case Study of Haji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang

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Sino-Arabic Calligraphy: Form, Function and Aesthetic Values - a Case Study of Haji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang SINO-ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY: FORM, FUNCTION AND AESTHETIC VALUES - A CASE STUDY OF HAJI NOOR DEEN MI GUANG JIANG BY HAN RUI A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment) Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia MARCH 2018 ABSTRACT Islamic arts has played an important part in the development of the Chinese Muslim community. It has developed through time in response to cultural needs of minority Muslim groups, as Islamic calligraphy is widely used in decorative art design. This study aims to analyze Islamic arts in China, particularly on Sino-Arabic calligraphy’s forms, functions and aesthetic values. The research method is based on the qualitative research approach. A broad range of information is collected from various sources, such as documents, samples of calligraphy, photographs, microfilm and interviews of famous Chinese Sino Arabic calligrapher. The data reveals the characteristics of Sino- Arabic calligraphy which is a combination of Arabic and Chinese script patterns. These led to the development of a unique Sino-Arabic writing style, which displays the aspects of the two cultures’ aesthetic heritage. For the continuity, revival and preservation of this forgotten heritage, the data reveals the contribution of the famous Chinese calligrapher, Haji Noor Deen Mi Guang Jiang to this great work. He established the Chinese House for the Arts of Islamic Arabic Calligraphy in Zhengzhou in order to promote and preserve China’s traditional Islamic calligraphy. Not only that, the institute offers classes in Sino-Arabic calligraphy and works with museums and universities from around the world to promote understanding of the history of the traditional Islamic arts in China. Based on this, the researcher recommends the revision of a few records within Islamic arts calligraphy in China, and assistance in examining the topic in depth. This will help develop guidelines for regional expansion and adaptation of Islamic arts, its forms, functions and aesthetic values, with the local environmental condition to contribute more to the future of the Muslim civilization. ii خﻻصة البحث ABSTRACT IN ARABIC للفن اﻹسﻻمي دور مهم يف تنمية اجملتمع اﻹسﻻمي الصيين. وقد تطور مع الوقت استجابة لﻻحتياجات الثقافية لﻷقليات اﻹسﻻمية يف الصني، كما استخدم اخلط اﻹسﻻمي على نطاق واسع يف فن التصميم والديكور. هتدف هذه الدراسة إىل حتليل الفن اﻹسﻻمي يف الصني، واخلط الصيين - العريب يف شكله، ووظيفته، وقيمته اجلمالية. وتستند هذه الدراسة على منهج البحث النوعي، حيث مت مجع جمموعة واسعة من املعلومات من مصادر خمتلفة، مثل املﻻحظات امليدانية، وعينات من اخلطوط، والصور، وامليكروفيلم، واملقابﻻت مع خطاطي الصني املشهورين يف اخلط الصيين - العريب. كشفت البيانات اليت مت مجعها عن خصائص اخلط الصيين - العريب والذي هو مزيج منط ن ّصي من العربية والصينية. وتؤدي هذه احلقائق إىل تطوير أسلوب الكتابة الصينية - العربية بشكل فريد من نوعه، وتعرض جوانب من الرتاث اجلمايل لكﻻ الثقافتني. كما تشري البيانات إىل إسهامات اخلطاط الصيين الشهري حاجي نور الدين مي غوانغ جيانج وأثره يف احلفاظ على هذا الرتاث املنسي، وإحياء واستمرار هذا الفن العظيم. فقد قام بإنشاء "البيت الصيين لفنون اخلط اﻹسﻻمي العريب" يف تشنغتشو، من أجل احلفاظ على اخلط اﻹسﻻمي التقليدي الصيين وتعزيزه. ليس هذا وحده، بل ويقدم املعهد درو سا يف اخلط الصيين، ويعمل مع املتاحف واجلامعات يف مجيع أحناء العامل لتعزيز فهم تاريخ الفنون اﻹسﻻمية التقليدية يف الصني. وبناء على ذلك، يوصي الباحث بضرورة مراجعة بعض عناصر فن اخلط اﻹسﻻمي يف الصني، والتعمق يف دراسة هذا املوضوع الذي سوف يساعد يف وضع مبادئ توجيهية تساعد على نشر الفن اﻹسﻻمي إقليميا وتكيّفه شك ﻻ، ووظيفة وقيمة مجالية، مع ظروف البيئية احمللية وتضيف أبعا دا فنية إىل احلضارة اﻹسﻻمية يف املستقبل iii APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment). ………………………………….. Amir H. Zekrgoo. Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment). ………………………………….. Harlina Md Sharif Internal Examiner ………………………………….. Baharudin Ahmad External Examiner This thesis was submitted to the Department of Applied arts and Design and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment) ………………………………….. Julaila Abdul Rahman Head, Department of Applied Arts and Design This thesis was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment) ………………………………….. Abdul Razak Sapian Dean, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Han Rui Signature ........................................................... Date ......................................... v COPYRIGHT PAGE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH SINO-ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY: FORM, FUNCTION AND AESTHETIC VALUES - A CASE STUDY OF HAJI NOOR DEEN MI GUANG JIANG I declare that the copyright holders of this thesis are jointly owned by the student and IIUM. Copyright © 2018 Han Rui and International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieved system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries. By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy. Affirmed by (Han Rui) ……..…………………….. ……………………….. Signature Date vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, it is my utmost pleasure to dedicate this work to my dear parents and my family, who granted me the gift of their unwavering belief in my ability to accomplish this goal: thank you for your support and patience. I wish to express my appreciation and thanks to those who provided their time, effort and support for this project. To the members of my dissertation committee, thank you for sticking with me. Finally, a special thanks to Professor Amir H. Zekrgoo for his continuous support, encouragement and leadership, and also thanks to my internal examiner Asst. Prof. Dr. Harlina Md Sharif and external examiner Prof. Dato’ Dr. Baharudin Ahmad for their valuable advices and their willingness to share useful information and knowledge about my study. And for that, I will be forever grateful. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................... ii Abstract in Arabic .................................................................................................... iii Approval page .......................................................................................................... iv Declaration ............................................................................................................... v Copyright Page ......................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ........................................................................................................... xii List of Figures .......................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem........................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Objectives................................................................................ 3 1.4 Methodology ........................................................................................... 4 1.5 The Framework of Analysis ................................................................... 7 1.6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................ 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 11 2.2 Terminology and Definitions .................................................................. 11 2.3 Islamic Calligraphy ................................................................................. 12
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