The Moki Messenger

NEWSLETTER OF THE SAN JUAN BASIN ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Chapter of Colorado Archeological Society

November, 2010

Julie Coleman - Update on Falls Hovenweep and Great Sage Plains Field Trip By Bob Danielson Creek Fourteen members of the San Juan Basin The November SJBAS Meeting will be held at archaeological Society visited 8 locations housing 7:00 p.m., November 11, 2010, at the Center many buildings along the SW border shared by for SW Studies, Lyceum. Julie Coleman has Colorado and Utah between the dates of Oct 8 and been the Heritage Team Leader at the San 10, 2010. All of the appropriate permits were op- Juan Public Lands Center since 2006. She tioned and appropriate entrance fees were paid. It received her BA in Geology with an emphasis was our goal to emphasize the architectural fea- in Archaeology from Western State University tures present at these sites with particular empha- in 1990 and her MA in History, with an em- sis on towers, kivas, great houses and basic room phasis in Historic Preservation, from CSU in blocks. We observed square, round, and “D” 1992. She has 16 years of experience with shaped towers and circular and “D” shaped kivas. the BLM and the US Forest Service. She was This area had buildings which incorporated exten- the Field Office Archeologist for the BLM in sively the local geographical features into the archi- Worland, WY and Gunnison and Montrose, tecture of the buildings. All the buildings were lo- CO. It will be nice to hear what has been cated around or near a spring and along canyon done recently at this important, nearby site. edges. We could also envision many different rea- sons for the holes located in the exterior walls of the room blocks and towers. These uses included astrological, viewing, signaling, projectile exits loca- A Time of tions, and ventilation. Each of the areas we visited contained Harvest buildings that were different in size, state of stabili- zation and even different in the number of buildings and that were nearby, although Sleeping Ute Mountain was visible from all the sites. We will be able to Thanks- extend our learning of the architecture present at these sites to the many other sites that are in the giving! area when we visit them another time. All of the sites built between 1150 and 1275 AD in this region are part of a regional community and share archi- What’s Inside tectural similarities. The buildings at Mesa Verde National Park, Canyon of the Ancients National Nearby Activities...…………..2 Monument, and Hovenweep National Monument Volunteer Opportunities...…...4 are also in this timeframe. Exhibits……..………………..4 We were guided by Sara a Hovenweep The Editor’s Corner..………...5 Ranger to visit some petroglyphs within the canyon Archeology News from SW….6 which appear to present a story of migration of one Archeology News from Afar..10 (Continued on page 11) Page 1 Tomboy Mine Field Trip By Richard & Linda Robinson

Two groups totaling twenty-six members of the San Juan Basin Archaeological Society each spent a day with guide Rudy Davison. During this exciting trip each group visited many locations in the Telluride Basin on the dates of Aug 3 and Aug 4, 2010. One of our earlier stops was the Social Tunnel where miners met with ladies from town during the earlier days. Since women where considered bad luck in the mines, the miners built this special tunnel. We than continued on to visit the Shamrock Mine, the Sheridan Mine, the Bullion Tunnel, the Smugglers Tunnel, the Tom Boy Tunnel and many more. There was also the Liberty Bell Tram and Mill and many, many more interesting sites. The collapsed buildings at many sites would not reveal their story to the casual observer, but by having a knowledgeable guide we learned from the remains which were the boarding houses, the bowling alley, the retort oven, the mills, etc. There were stories about the tense relations between the mine management and the union miners. One of the many true pleasures of this trip was to have a guide along who not only could tell you the names and locations of so many sites but who could also tell at least one human interest story about each area. These stories added a personal touch to each site making it seam as though you where standing there watching the event unfold. We learned that J.B. Ingram after inspecting the many claim markers realized that the Sheri- dan and Union claims were greater in size than the 300 by 1500 ft. allowed. He then quickly staked his own claims in this high yield area. His claims were to become known as the “Smuggler Mine.” There were also many extras in this field trip. We saw unmatched beautiful scenery - the colors of the mountains, the waterfalls, the flowers, and the lack of traffic in this area. On the morn- ing of Aug. 3, the weather was quite marginal causing many other tourists to stay away, leaving the area mostly to us. Many of us intended to proceed over Imogene Pass and return via Ouray but no one did. There just was not enough daylight in the day. The “roads” up there can be quite narrow, and the real challenge comes when two cars meet going in opposite directions. This trip was a treat for all of us. Hopefully Rudy will take us on more mining trips!

HISATSINOM CHAPTER The speaker for the November meeting at the Cortez Cultural Center on Tuesday, November 2, 2010, is Jerry Fettermen, who will discuss the McLean Basin survey north of Hovenweep on the state line with 487 sites. In January 2011, Paul Reed will provide updated information on Chaco's Northern Prodigies.

Friends of Crow Canyon (CC) Distinguished Lecturers Series Each event begins at 7:00 p.m. with wine and appetizers in the lobby of the Gates Building, on CC campus, unless otherwise stated. Lecturers begin presentations at 7:30 p.m. Nov. 19, 2010, Dr. Bridget Coughlin, Vice President. Strategic Partnerships and Programs and Cu- rator of Human Health, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Wine, Chocolate, and Heart Health: The Biochemistry of Food; Feb. 18, 2011, Dr. David Whitley, Principal with ASM Affiliates, a cultural resources company, Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief; March 13, William Winkler, writer, photographer and filmmaker, Ansel Hall's Rainbow Bridge-- Monument Valley Expedition; April 29, (Dolores Community Center) (DCC) Maraleen Manos-Janes, butterfly researcher, author and educator, On a Wing: Flight of the Monarch; May 20, (DCC) Dr. Patricia Crown, Distinguished professor, Dept. of Anthropology, University of NM,

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(Continued from page 2) Science and Serendipity: The Discovery of Chocolate at Chaco Canyon. Total cost of the five-event series is $135/person or $250/two. Individual tickets are available. Call 970-564-4341 for reserva- tion.

San Juan College’s (SJC) Chautauqua Performances Dept. of Cultural Affairs, NM Humanities Council, Teaching American History program administered through the Educator Support Center, SJC Encore Program, and SJC School of Humanities. For information call Dr. Jimmy Miller, 505-334-9325, or Sha Lyn Weisheit at 505-599-8771. All performances at 7 p.m., Little Theatre, SJCS, are free. Nov. 19: Deborah Blanche, "Laura Gilpin, Photographer." Gilpin made studio portraits and captured Shiprock from every possible angle. Jan. 21, 2011: Rosemary Keefe, Ph.D.: "Mabel Dodge Luhan in Taos." Luhan hosted salons in Florence and New York City for early 20th century artists, writers and political rabble-rousers. Feb. 18: Edward Wallace: "The Life and Times of Jim Beckwourth." Beckwourth was a trapper, trader, scout, explorer and chief of the Crow Nation. His life was described as, "From slave to su- perstar of the Old West," by author Tom DeMund. March 18: Dr. Jon Hunter: "New Mexico's March to Statehood." The lecture, illustrated with photos and documents, surveys the hist. of NM from a territory in 1850 to statehood in 1912. April 30: Fred Hampton and Van Sanders: "Buffalo Soldiers - Military Heroes of the Southwest." Learn how a small number of Black troopers made a difference in the lives of law-abiding citizens.

New Mexico Archeological Council's 2010 Fall Conference November 13, Hibben Center, University of NM, Albuquerque. Topics include the identification, dat- ing, ethnography and oral history of late mobile groups. Contact [email protected], or visit www.nmacweb.org.

Colorado Archeological Society (CAS) CAS is raffling an oil painting "Peñaso Blanco" by Alamosa artist David Montgomery, to benefit the Alice Hamilton Scholarship Fund, used for annual awards to qualifying Colorado archeological students. Chaco's Peñaso Blanco is an unexcavated great house, built concurrently with Pueblo Bonito and Una Vida, unique in design (oval), and connected to several Chacoan western roads. The painting measures 11" x 14", mounted in gold leaf carved frame, with a value of $800. Raffle tickets are sold by CAS Chapters. The painting was originally raffled in 2006 and won by Don Nordstrom, who passed away, and his family has re-donated it. The drawing will be at 7:00 pm on Dec. 7, 2010, during the Hisatsinom Chapter meeting. The winner need not be present. Raffle ticket are $3 each or 4 for $10.

Things to do in our area The Dinetah is a network of canyons with Anasazi and Navajo rock art in abundance. For sample photos see http://nm.blm.gov/features/dinetah/navajo_history. Of major interest are Navajo Puebli- tos which were constructed in the late 17th to the early 18th centuries and are often indistinguish- able from Anasazi pueblos and cliff dwellings. For photos and more information see http:// www.stonefoundation.org/stonexus/01.

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Cortez Cultural Center. Call Deb Avery (970) 565-1151; [email protected]; or visit www.cortezculturalcenter.org

Chimney Rock Interpretive Association ("CRIA"). Email Helen Richardson, [email protected] or go to www.chimneyrockco.org;

Colorado Historical Society ("CHS"). Contact Kevin Black at [email protected];

Center of SW Studies. Gallery sitting hours are M-F, 1-4 p.m., Sat. 12-4 p.m. Contact Julie Tapley -Booth at 247-7456 to volunteer;

Mesa Verde -- Visit www.mesaverdevolunteers.org, email Cheryl and Chuck Carson, volunteer co- ordinators, at [email protected], or phone at 259-2699;

Aztec Ruins -- Call Tracy Bodnar, 505-334-6174, ext. 232, or [email protected].

Heard Musuem, Phoenix, AZ. (Summary, Am Arch, Orlando FL Museum of Art. Spring 2010) The exhibit "Aztec to Zapotec" draws from the Traveling exhibit "Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the museum's comprehensive art of the ancient Albrecht Collection," Artistic history of Canadian Americas collection. (407) 896-4231, Inuits. 602-252-8848, www.heard.org. (Through www.omart.orgt. (Long Term) January 20, 2011). Minneapolis MN Inst of Arts. (Summary American Peabody Mus. of Arch. and Ethnology, Havard Archeology, Fall 2010) U, Cambridge, MA. (Summary, American Archeology, Traveling exhibition "Art of the Native American: Sum 2010) New exhibit "Spying on the Past: Declas- The Thaw Collection" consists of 110 works of sified Satellite Images and Archaeology" demon- art from the Thaw Collection of North American strates how archaeologists recognize visible signs Indian art. (888) 642-2787. www.artsmia.org in these images and draw conclusions about the (Oct. 24 through Jan. 9, 2011) ancient world. Through December. El Presidio de Santa Barbara State Historic San Diego Museum of Man. (Summary American Ar- Park. (Summary American Archeology, Fall 2010) cheology, Sum 1010) "Gods & Gold: Ancient Treasures The new Smithsonian-sponsored exhibit from Mexico to Peru," featuring the Museum's col- "Ceramics Rediscovered: Science Reshapes lections of Mexican, Central American, and South Understanding of Hispanic Life in Early Califor- American archaeological objects. Through De- nia," shows how ceramics were made, used, cember 6. and traded in early California. (805) 965-0093. www.sbthp.org/presidio. (Nov. 14 through Jan. Bowers Museum of Cultural Arts, Santa Ana, 28, 2011) CA. (Summary American Archeology, Fall 2010) Artifacts from the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mex- ico and Central America highlighted in the exhibit "Vision of the Shaman Song of the Priest." (714) 567-3600, www.bowers.org. (Through Dec. 31) Page 4 THE EDITORS’ CORNER

Crow Canyon ("CC")_Announces Publication of Leaving Mesa Verde - Peril and Change in the Thirteenth Century Southwest, by University of AZ Press, ed. by Timothy Kohler, Proffessor at Washingtion.State ("WSU") and a CC research associate; Mark Varien, CC vice president of programs; and Aaron Wright, Ph.D. student at WSU and fellow at the Center for Desert Archeology (Summary, Hisatsinom Newsletter, Oct. 2010) The book examines the depopulation of the northern SW, with a focus on the Mesa Verde region. http://www.imakenews.com/crowcanyon1/e_article.

Articles of Interest in American Archaeology, Fall 2010. "The Clovis Comet Controversy" - Did an extraterrestrial impact some 13,000 years ago result in a number of dramatic events? "Reading the Land” - Cultural landscape studies at Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument are yielding a glimpse of life there hundreds of years ago; ”Reexamining Kincaid Mounds" - Approximately 60 years after the initial investigation of Kincaid, archaeologists employing sophisticated technology are arriving at new conclusions about this Mis- sissippian site; "Investigating the Mysteries of the Shivwits Plateau" - Until recently, this remote region in northern Arizona had been ignored by archaeologists. Now researchers are trying to understand the lives of the people who once occupied it; "The Development of Indigenous Archaeology" - What is indigenous archaeology, and is it good for the discipline?; "A Glimpse of the Red Sticks" - The Conservancy's 400th site is a village and battlefield once occupied by a faction of the Creek Indians; "Life During the End of the Ice Age" - The Cardy site could inform archaeologists how humans dealt with a challenging environment; "Conserving Iroquois History” - Indian Castle is the Conservancy's second 17th-century Onon- daga site; "Preserving a Pristine Mound" - For years Alexander Mound had been protected by nothing more than dense brush. Now it will be protected by the Conservancy.

Four New Books for the Tombstone History Buff Wyatt Earp: A Biography of the Legend, by Lee Silva. The story of mitigating factors that led up to the friction between the lawless factions and the law enforcement faction of Tombstone, culminating in the ambush shooting of Virgil Earp, the assassi- nation of Morgan Earp and Wyatt Earp's subsequent bloody vendetta. Moments in Tombstone History, by Ben T. Traywick, Tombstone Historian. Images of Tombstone's past from the author's private collection, including several pictures of the Tombstone Wild Bunch and Hell's Belles, the re-enactment group that still performs in the OK Cor- ral. Tombstone Tales, by Gary Ledoux. Story about Tombstone and its early residents, with a fantasy thread, running through it. An enter- taining, informative, different take on the town too tough to die. Historic Walking Guides: Tombstone & Bisbee, AZ, by Jane Eppinga. Detailed walks around Tombstone and Bisbee accompanied by historic photographs from the Ariz. State. Archives, Arizona. Historical Society, the Rose Tree Museum and the Tombstone Court- house. Eppinga is a multi-award winning Western history author of over 200 articles.

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2011 Pecos Conference to be Held on Arizona Strip. (Summary, Hisatsinom Newsletter, Oct. 2010) The 2011 Pecos Conference will be held in the Kaibab Nat’l Forest, north and west of the Colorado River, Au- gust 11-14, in an open park at Mile-and-a-half Lake, 8 miles south of Jacob Lake and 2.5 miles west of SR 67. Jacob Lake is located at the intersection of US 89A and SR67 between Lee's Ferry and Fredonia. To assist in the organization, contact David Purcell at [email protected]. Additional information will be released through a conference website, in development. Prepare to celebrate archeology, the history of the Arizona Strip, SW Utah, and southern Nevada in the 99th year of AZ Statehood.

Archaeologists Claim Evidence for "Genocide" at Small Pit House Village. (Summary, Hisatsinom Newsletter, Oct. 2010) Crushed leg bones, battered skulls and other mutilated human remains are all that is left of a Native American population destroyed by genocide that took place circa 800 A.D. A new paper, accepted for publication in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, describes the single largest deposit to date of mutilated and proc- essed human remains in the American Southwest. http://www.enn.com/lifestyle/article/41799.

Field School Students Excavate Folsom Site Near Albuquerque. (Summary, Hisatsinom Newsletter, Octo- ber 2010) Finding evidence of one of the first human groups known to have traveled through the middle Rio Grande Val- ley is what students did this summer in excavating a Folsom site on a mesa west of Albuquerque, named the Deann's site after Deann Muller, the student who found it during a survey in 2001. http://tinyurl.com/3y9wywg.

Sweat Lodge Opens Doors; Hogan is Next Step . (Summary, Cortez Journal, June 22, 2010) The Native American Cultural Preservation Center is to be used for educational purposes and will be open to people of all colors and tribes. Most sweat lodge ceremonies are geared towards purification, whether physi- cal, mental or spiritual. Members of Southwest Intertribal Voice built the sweat lodge using pliable willow branches, facing east, which area tribes like the Ute Mountain Utes prefer. Prayers are said and willows put in each of the four directions to honor those directions the structure is built. After blankets were laid over the woven willows of the structure built in the tradition of the Plains Indians, an army tent donated by the Quakers of Mancos tops the lodge, taking the place of what might have been a huge buffalo hide 100 years ago. The sweat lodge is about seven miles south of Cortez on U.S. Highway 160/491 toward Towaoc. Powwows took place on the approximately 20-acre site in the 1970s. The lodge has been used in six ceremonies by various tribes and will be open every first and third Wednesday of the month beginning at 5 p.m. Although Native American families traditionally built their own sweat lodges on their land, this one is available for those who can't. The Navajo tribe doesn't allow men and women to sweat together, but this sweat lodge is co-ed unless people arrange beforehand. The ceremony lasts two to three hours, with a fire built about 5 p.m. to heat the lava rocks to red hot before they are carried into the sweat lodge with the help of a pitchfork. The lodge will then start at 6 p.m. and usually is broken into four sessions, so people are able to step outside the structure.

Crow Canyon Appears on TV Show, in Oprah's O Magazine. (Summary, Cortez Journal, June 24, 2010) Crow Canyon has been featured on the Today Show as an amazing adventure in addition to having been featured in O Magazine. The link to the Today segment is http://today.msnbc.msn.com. The Oprah Magazine website and May edition of O Magazine urged people to join an archaeological dig as a top ten amazing adventure, providing a link to Crow Canyon's website to provide details about participating in "a guided tour of sites across the Southwest to explore artifacts among ancient cliff dwellings and historic trading posts." The photo that accompanied the clip of the Today segment shows a few adults happily digging. Crow Canyon teaches people to analyze artifacts in the lab, and, at the end of the week, offers a guided tour of Mesa Verde National Park's cliff dwellings. The big reason why people join is because the program is the work they perform at archaeological sites like Sand Canyon and Goodman Point, in which they "excavate alongside the archaeologists" finding everything from black-and-white Mesa Verde pottery shards to bone tools. Other pub- lications and websites that have featured the center include American Profile magazine, Author Frommer's Budget Travel magazine, True West magazine, USA Today, Lonely Planet, which listed them in the top ten iconic travel experiences, and a news and lifestyle website, and The Daily Beast. (Continued on page 7)

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Tucson Mini-Time Machine Museum of Miniatures has Large Collection of Tiny Things. (Summary, Durango Herald, July 11, 2010) The self-guided tour through this museum starts in a rotunda where visitors read about the museum's foun- der, Pat Arnell, who received her first set of miniatures in the 1930s. She started collecting in 1979 and has accumulated one of the finest collections in the country, making her well known in national and international organizations. Arnell's museum is said to be the first built in the U.S. specifically to showcase miniatures. The museum has three galleries -- Exploring the World, History Gallery and the Enchanted Realm, each with a different theme. A tour takes several hours. A grand tree beckons visitors to the Enchanted Realm gallery, where sounds transport museum guests to far off places where fairies, wizards, pocket dragons, witches, frog princes, mermaids and unicorns reside. The castle's nooks and crannies tell a different story. Arnell commissioned the castle in 1998 and more than 40 artisans contributed to the work. The "Yellow Rose of Texas" house is in the Exploring the World gallery. The mansion is the work of Brooke Tucker, a popular artist in the miniature world. Another highlight in the Exploring the World gallery is "Chateau Meno," an elaborate 14- room palace in the Rococo style of French architecture purchased by Arnell in 2006. It had been owned by a Georgia woman who constructed the chateau in her basement over 30 years. Arnell obtained the collection's oldest room box at an auction in January and fittingly, it's found in the History Gallery. The 1742 "Nuremberg Kitchen" was produced in great detail by artisans in Germany. Another kitchen in the gallery, called the "Nuremberg Turn-of-the-Century Kitchen," was manufactured by a German toy company in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The kitchen is operational and features a working meat grinder, which is better suited for oatmeal than meat, and an oven that can heat up mixtures with candles.

Montezuma-Cortez School District Re-1 Spends $1.4 Million to Renovate 101-year-old Calkins Building. (Summary, Cortez Journal, October 9, 2010) Renovations on the historic building, begun nearly three years ago, are being completed in phases in partner- ship with the Colorado State Historical Fund and the Colorado Dept. of Local Affairs. To date, nearly $1.4 million has been spent on initial building work. Of that, $1.1 million has come from state funding and the district has contributed $290,847. The District Board is thinking about what to use the building for- museum space or coordinating its use with nonprofit organizations and offering educational opportunities in the building. District officials have considered moving students back into the building but have decided that bringing the building up to code for students would be prohibitively expensive. Discussions center on the value of the building and the benefit of moving forward in renovation work.

Amendments Toughen Law Against Arts and Crafts Fraud. (Summary, Daily Sentinel, September 19, 2010) Falsely suggesting goods are Indian or Alaska native made could be harder to get away with now that Con- gress has approved changes to the 1990 Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Part of the Tribal Law and Order Act will allow all federal law enforcement officers, not just the FBI, to investigate suspected violations. That includes officers working for Bureau of Indian Affairs, the National Park Service, and U.S. Customs and Border Protec- tion. Co-sponsor Senator John McCain, said the changes were needed because the FBI's other responsibili- ties, including investigating terrorism and violent crime in Indian Country, stalled enforcement of the arts and crafts law. While millions of dollars are diverted each year from Indian artists to counterfeits, few, if any, criminal prosecutions have been brought in federal court for such violations. The amendments also alter the sentencing structure for violators, linking prison terms and fines to the value of the art. The change is designed to give law enforcement more flexibility in pursuing small-time offenders.

Mesa Verde News Visitor Center Earns Mesa Verde National Park (MVNP) Place in Sustainable Sites Initiative Pilot Program. (Summary, Cortez Journal, September 21, 2010) MVNP was one of 160 national and international projects selected to participate in the program designed to test the nation's first rating system for sustainable landscape design, construction and maintenance. A collaborative effort by the American Society of Land- scape Architects, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center at the University of Texas, and the U.S. Botanic (Continued on page 8)

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(Continued from page 7) Garden, the Sustainable Site Initiative was launched in 2005 to address a gap in green design. The idea is to create a LEED-like (LEED is a rating system to measure a projects “Green” construction) program that is spe- cific to landscapes.

Mesa Verde OKs $12M Contract for New Visitor Center, Capping 18 Months of Planning. (Summary, Cortez Journal, October 2, 2010) The new visitor center and curatorial facility will be located just outside the park's entrance. It is being funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. A federal appropriations bill allocated $10.5 million for the visitor’s center and $11.6 million for the curatorial facility. The new building will implement sustainable design features, high efficiency systems with an emphasis on alternative energy, and include all associate site/work/infrastructure and native landscaping, according to a statement from the park. A ground-breaking ceremony was held in mid-October. Park officials anticipate the Visitor and Research Center will be open to the public in October 2012.

Program Features Photos by Stephen Collector, Artist-in-Residence. Mesa Verde Artists (Summary, Cortez Journal, September 30, 2010) Collector, mostly self-taught, has spent more than 30 years photographing. He has shown his work at a number of institutions and galleries, including the Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities, the WY Museum and the Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art. Collector has also published an award-winning book, Law of the Range: Portraits of Old-Time Brand Inspectors, as well as doing freelance work for a number of maga- zines. To celebrate Boulder's 150th anniversary, Collector was commissioned to make portraits of Boulder County's older Ditch Riders. It is Collector's intention to make portraits of Mesa Verde National Park park rangers using black-and-white film. He presented his work, including work from his book as well as black-and -white landscapes, infrared images taken at sacred sites in Meso America and samples of his work created during his residency in the Mesa Verde National Park on September 30. Begun during MVNP's 2006 Centen- nial, the artist-in-residence program provides accomplished writers, composers, and visual and performing artists the opportunity to pursue their particular aft form while being surrounded by the inspiring ancient architecture of the Ancestral Pueblo People and the sweeping natural landscape of the park. MVNP provides a historic, rustic residence to selected participants for four two-week periods. For further information about Stephen Collector, and to view some of his artwork online, go to www.stephencollector.com.

Clifford "Cliff" Spencer, 25-year NPS Veteran, Named New Superintendent of Mesa Verde Na- tional Park. (Summary, Durango Herald, August 25, 2010; Cortez Journal, Sept. 7, 2010) Spencer, who assumed his duties September 26, was previously supt. of Petrified Forest National Park in Ari- zona. A native of L.A., Spender holds a B.S. in recreation administration from CSU, Northridge, and an A.A. in psychology from Pierce College in L.A. Spencer will manage 52,485 acres, an annual operating budget of more than $5.8 million and a staff of about 114 employees. He is a 25-year National Park Service veteran. In addition to the superintendant's position in AZ, Spencer served as superintendent of White Sands National Monument in New Mexico. He has also held various ranger posts at Point Reyes National Seashore in Cali- fornia, Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, Santa Monica Mountain National Recreational Area in Califor- nia, Lake Mead National Recreational Area in Nevada, and Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, according to a statement from the National Park Service. Spencer has set goals he would like to see accomplished in his time at the park: the new visitor and research center; expansion of existing community partnerships in the region; and outreach.

Climbing Rules Under Review At Arches National Park (Summary, Durango Herald, July 25, 2010) National Park Service officials are considering broadening climbing regulations after considering public com- ment. Rock climbing and canyoneering are significant park activities. A new plan is needed to make sure increased use, involving cross-country travel using climbing gear to ascend and descend challenging areas, doesn't threaten the Park's unique natural and cultural resources. The review comes four years after officials at Arches NP first tightened climbing rules after they found regulations were too vague to prosecute a climber

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(Continued from page 8) who made a controversial "free solo" climb of Delicate Arch. The current rules prohibit rock climbing on any arch or natural bridge named on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 topographical maps and "slacklining," or walking on a flat nylon webbing or rope anchored between rock formations, trees or any other natural feature. The new review will include an evaluation of the effects of increased use, the development of new routes, the use of fixed hardware, the designation of climbing and canyoneering routes, the development of approach trails, the visual impacts and the effects of climbing and canyoneering on visitor safety and experience.

Bandelier National Monument Shares Pueblo People's Story (Summary, Daily Times, August 26, 2010) The canyons and cliff dwellings of Bandelier tell a story through the voices and artwork of the American Indian tribes whose ancestors inhabited this area of northern New Mexico. After nearly a decade of consultation with neighboring pueblos and a year of construction, Bandelier unveiled its $4 million renovated visitors' center, museum and high-definition documentary with the help of Pueblo dancers and artists, done so visitors will better understand the wilds of Bandelier and the Pueblo people's connection to the place. There are few places where there is such a strong, integrated viewpoint from the local tribes in an exhibit. What was added is accurate to the people who are around the Park. Bandelier was inhabited more than 10,000 years ago, in nomadic hunting days. More permanent settlements began to appear nearly 1,000 years ago, the remnants of which line the floor of Frijoles Canyon and are carved into its walls. The connection early American Indians had with Bandelier still resonates with people of the Cochiti Pueblo. It is important for visitors to understand the people of Bandelier have not disappeared. The Cochiti people believe Bandelier people were their ancestors. They still journey back out to some sites at Bandelier. Cochiti and the pueblos of San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, San Felipe, Santo Domingo and Zuni worked with National Park Service to develop exhibits that included more details about life at Bandelier. Part of the exhibits revolved around the pueblos' native lan- guages and the words they use for describing places and things within the monument: a blended story about the meaning of the place. The former chief interpreter spent more than a year learning to say words in Tewa, Keres and Zuni. Prehistoric and modern examples of pottery fill display cases. Arrowheads and stone axes line drawers, and a colorful canvas tells Zuni's migration story. A series of paintings depict traditional pueblo culture, done for the museum during the 1930s by Pablita Velarde, who became the most prominent female Indian easel painter in the nation. Until now, the pieces had been kept in a vault.

2010 Totah Archeological Project (12th Year) Reveals More Great Kiva Secrets (Summary, San Juan College Communicator, Sept/Oct 2010) The field school is offered through San Juan College in cooperation with Tommy Bolack, owner and manager of the B-Square Ranch. The great kiva is located at the Point Site on the B-Square Ranch, a large terraced great house nestled in the northernmost point of the Farmington bluffs. It was the major center for local Totah Anasazi Puebloans. This is the fifth year that the group has excavated at the Point Site. The southern ante- chamber of the great kiva was revealed in 2008, followed by excavation of a trench through the main body of the great kiva structure in 2009. The northern wall and bench was discovered during the 2009 dig. While students were able to reveal the wall, the 2009 excavation did not reach the floor of the kiva. The goal of the 2010 field school was to uncover the floor to see if features of a great kiva were present. They found evidence of two floors. The first may date as early as between AD 1000 and 1050. The second upper floor most likely dates to after AD 1200. They discovered the northwestern masonry enclosed seating pit for the roof support post and another masonry wall that is presumed to be part of a vault. The field excavation also revealed that the great kiva had apparently burned, but under which layer has not yet been able to determine when the fire occurred. The size of the Point Site kiva is most likely comparable to the Aztec Ruins great kiva. Next year the field school will expand the excavation beyond the trench to reveal the complete western half of the upper floor of the great kiva. Information: Linda Wheelbarger at 505-566-3344 or e-mail at wheel- [email protected].

Wyoming Dig Unearths 9,500 Years of Native Habitates, Near Game Creek Along U.S. High- way 89/191 (Summary, Daily Sentinel, September 30, 2010) Rodent burrows are being excavated first so the rodent-churned dirt doesn't contaminate the layers of history (Continued on page 10) Page 9

(Continued from page 9) that jut out at perfect right angles from the walls and floor. On one wall, the charred, fractured stones of a partially exposed roasting pit are visible at waist level, which likely dates back 3,000 to 5,000 years, when it probably was used to roast tubers such as sego lily. A square of earth scraped away exposes the tops of river cobbles from the ice age pre-human habitation of Jackson Hole. Prehistoric and Native American tribes have lived in the Jackson Hole region for 10,000 years. The site was discovered in 2001 when the Wyoming Department of Transportation decided to widen the highway. Artifacts give clues as to who visited the site and when.

NM Making Plans to Celebrate its 100th Year of Statehood in 2012 (Summary, Daily Times, August 27, 2010) Organized by the NM Dept. of Cultural Affairs, the yearlong centennial event in 2012 is an opportunity to share community pride while also attracting new visitors to the state. The Dept. encourages development of local centennial committees to direct development of centennial-themed events. By hosting localized events tailored to the theme of the NM centennial, the Farmington community has an opportunity to share in the cele- bration, centennial community outreach coordinator Janice Spence told more than 65 community leaders.

Crazy Horse Site Started by Polish-American in 1948, Who Died and Left Others to Finish (Summary, Durango Herald, July 19, 2010) The site is about ten miles from Mount Rushmore and is mankind's largest-ever mountain carving. It will be higher than the Washington Monument and will dwarf Rushmore. The horse's head, if you include the mane, will be the size of a football field, a 90-foot-high face. Korczak Ziolkowski, just after winning first prize at the World's Fair in New York City, was invited to the Black Hills in 1939 by Lakota Sioux Chief Henry Standing Bear. He had actually helped at Rushmore, working as an assistant to Gutzon Borglum in the 1930s. Ziolkowski's plan for Crazy Horse was more grandiose. His 1/34 scale sculpture of the chief on horseback, pointing toward his lands, remains the model for construction. Since he had a pretty good idea he wouldn't finish, he coached his wife and ten children in the arts of sculpting. Seven of the Ziolkowskis' ten children work at the monument. It took a year just to clear away one 20-foot-high bench around the three-dimensional sculpture.

Archaeologists Find 1,600-year-old Mayan Tomb with Trove of Artifacts -- Blood-red Bowls with Human Fingers and Teeth, Multi-colored Textiles, Pieces of Jade, Residues from Food, and Bright Red Vessels in Almost Perfect Shape (Summary, Article in Brown Alumni Magazine, September/ October 2010) All of these articles had been sealed shut in what is almost certainly the burial ground of a Mayan king, likely one who had begun a new dynasty. They began digging at the site, called El Zotz, last year, then returned again this spring. The site is located in northern Guatemala, about 30 miles from Tikal, though it is thought that the kingdoms of Tikal and El Zotz were enemies. El Zotz contains the ruins of a 32-foot-high pyramid, ceremonial plazas, ball courts, and a palace. The archaeologists found the royal tomb beneath a small temple located just in front of a sprawling structure dedicated to the sun god. It is well known that the Mayans practiced human sacrifice. There were relics of six children in the tomb -- four one-year-olds and two children a few years older. According to biological anthropologists, the Mayans included only the skulls of the older children but the entire skeletons of the infants. Among the items were lids of pots painted with shrieking monkeys whose tongues are hanging out; red ingots of the same size, which may have been used as a measurement system; and masks depicting different aspects of the sun god. The site is now guarded around the clock to prevent looting. All the items in the tomb have been excavated, but digging will continue next year.

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As Colorado Ranches Disappear, So do Brands (Summary, Durango Herald, July 25, 2010) In Colorado, a brand is private property that can be bought and sold. Some are priced as low as $500. Oth- ers, auctioned for charity, may fetch as much as $44,000. A rare, two-character ZL brand, first recorded in 1885, is now on sale for $12,000. Just as the number of ranches is dwindling, so are their brands. Currently, there are 32,609 registered brands. On July 1, about 4,000 were canceled because owners failed to pay the 2007 assessment fee, despite a grace period of more than three years. Other ranchers have three or four brands, enough to save some money by letting one go. Assessment fees for a five-year brand registration have nearly doubled, from $125 in 2002 to $225 today. Late fees climb to $100 at the end of the three-year grace period. The Brand Commission is a totally cash-funded agency, through inspection fees and brand assessment fees. The 4,000 or so canceled brands don't automatically hit the market. They are kept on the books for three years, so they might be reinstated. About 70 applications for new brands are filed each month. A new brand costs $50. At the same time the 4,000 brands were shelved, the owners of another 148 had theirs for sale. The price depends on how many people want it, or maybe on how many characters it has. Most new brands have two letters or numbers along with a character such as a bar, a quarter circle or a slash. It is hard to record a two-character brand in Colorado because so many are already in the brand book. The oldest brand still in the same family belongs to John Sheriff of Hot Sulphur Springs -- a bar over a double S that was first recorded in an 1884.

Federal Judge Dismisses Lawsuit by Descendants of Apache Warrior Geronimo Claiming His Remains were Stolen in 1918 by a Student Secret Society at Yale University (Summary, Daily Times, August 11, 2010) The lawsuit was filed last year in Washington, DC, by 20 descendants who want to rebury Geronimo near his NM birthplace. It claimed Yale Skull and Bones members took remains from a burial plot at Fort Sill, OK, where Geronimo died in 1909. Plaintiffs failed to establish that the government waived its right not to be sued.

Sister Monument Only Few Hundred Yards from Stonehenge May Have Been Found (Summary, Daily Times, July 23, 2010) The circle is one of an expanding number of discoveries being made around Stonehenge. The new henge joins a growing complex of tombs and mysterious Neolithic structures found across the area, but there is still much to learn about how extensive the site really was. In its day Stonehenge was at the center of the largest ceremonial center in Europe. The Stonehenge visible today is thought to have been completed about 3,500 years ago, although the first earthwork henge on the site was probably built more than 5,000 years ago. The new structure was found when scans identified a cluster of deep pits surrounded by a ring of smaller holes more than half a mile from Stonehenge and within sight of it. Some archaeologists are convinced the small holes were used to secure a circle of wooden poles which stood possibly ten or more feet high. The timber henge -- a name given to prehistoric monuments surrounded by a circular ditch -- would have been constructed and modified at the same time as Stonehenge, and probably had some allied ceremonial or religious function, but exactly what kind of ceremonies is unclear. Happy Thanksgiving!

(Hovenweep Field Report—Continued from page 1) or more clans. There were three Macaw images present. This area is off limits unless guided! It was a special treat. The weather during our trip was pleasant, and the campgrounds were very accommodating. We all appreciated the professional training of our Park Rangers!

Page 11 San Juan Basin Archaeological Society 107 St. Andrews Circle Durango, Colorado 81301

FIRST CLASS

San Juan Basin Archaeological Society

A Chapter of the Colorado Archaeological Society

If you’re not a member of our group and would like to receive our newsletter, attend our monthly meetings, join us on our outings, and participate in our many other activities and those of the Colorado Archaeological Society (CAS), call our President Andy Gulliford (970-375-9417) and ask for information about our organization. Annual dues, including those for membership in the Colorado Archaeological Society, are listed below and are payable by checks made out to SJBAS and mailed to our Treasurer Mark Gebhardt, 107 Saint Andrews Circle, Durango, CO 81301. Dues cover membership for the calendar year. With SWL means that the membership includes a subscription to CAS’s quarterly journal “Southwestern Lore” (SWL). No SWL means that the journal is not included with your membership, hence the difference in the dues.

Individual (includes “Southwestern Lore”) SJBAS $15.00 + CAS $16.00 = $31.00 Individual (no SWL) SJBAS $15.00 + CAS $ 8.00 = $23.00 Family (with SWL) SJBAS $20.00 + CAS $20.00 = $40.00 Family (no SWL) SJBAS $20.00 + CAS $10.00 = $30.00