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La Posesión Predicativa En Lenguas Yutoaztecas Fany Muchembled

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La Posesión Predicativa En Lenguas Yutoaztecas Fany Muchembled La posesión predicativa en lenguas yutoaztecas Fany Muchembled To cite this version: Fany Muchembled. La posesión predicativa en lenguas yutoaztecas. Linguistics. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O’, 2014. Español. NNT : 2014INAL0009. tel-01123748 HAL Id: tel-01123748 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01123748 Submitted on 5 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales École doctorale n°265 Langues, littératures et sociétés du monde Structure et Dynamique des Langues (SeDyL) THÈSE EN COTUTELLE avec Universidad de Sonora Doctorado Integral en Humanidades présentée par : Fany Muchembled soutenue le 21 mai 2014 pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’INALCO Discipline : Sciences du Langage La posesión predicativa en lenguas yutoaztecas (La possession prédicative en langues uto-aztèques) THÈSE dirigée par : Mme Claudine CHAMOREAU Directeur de Recherche, CNRS M. Albert ALVAREZ Professeur des universités, UNISON MEMBRES DU JURY : M. Denis COSTAOUEC Maître de conférences HDR, Université Paris 7 Mme. Zarina ESTRADA Professeur des universités, UNISON M. Constantino MARTINEZ Professeur des universités, UNISON Mme Claudine CHAMOREAU Directeur de Recherche, CNRS M. Albert ALVAREZ Professeur des universités, UNISON AGRADECIMIENTOS Por las asesorías, discusiones, críticas, sugestiones (muchas veces en un idioma híbrido, practicando el code-switching), por el apoyo y la confianza que depositaron en mi persona y mi trabajo, y por hacer posible la co-tutela internacional bajo la cual se hizo esta tesis, agradezco a mis directores de tesis, el Dr. Albert Alvarez Gonzalez (UNISON, Hermosillo) y la Dra. Claudine Chamoreau (INALCO/SEDyL, París). Por la paciencia y la dedicación puesta en leer y en criticar los avances de mi trabajo en estos largos cuatro años, quiero agradecer a los miembros de mi comité: la Dra. Zarina Estrada Fernández (UNISON), el Dr. Constantino Martínez Fabián (UNISON) y el Dr. Denis Costaouec (INALCO/SEDyL). Por la valiosa información que me brindaron, y por su gentileza en sus respuestas, doy las gracias al Dr. Spike Gildea y a la Dra. Jane Hill. Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y al proyecto ECOS-NORD M12-H01 de cooperación científica Francia-México a cargo de la Dra. Claudine Chamoreau, responsable en Francia, y del Dr. Albert Alvarez Gonzalez, responsable en México (apoyo de SEP-ANUIES- CONACYT), por el apoyo financiero brindado, sin el cual el presente trabajo no habría sido posible. A los amigos y la familia de acá y allá, a las salidas, las risas, las discusiones más serias, las correspondencias: Clau, Jacob, Villa y Stef, Dédé, frérot et Nass, Benou et Pau, Cristián, Yazmín, Denisse, Marcos, y otros tantos más o menos locos que se reconocerán. Un saludo especial a Isaías Rivas por ayudarme con los mapas. Maman. Pues, todo cabe en esta palabra. Paco: amigo, esposo, compañero y ahora padre de nuestra hija, me apoyaste en los momentos más difíciles de este proceso. Sin ti, no lo habría logrado. Gracias, muchas gracias. Pour Constantine, mon soleil. ÍNDICE ILUSTRACIONES vii ABREVIATURAS x CAPÍTULO I El problema: preguntas, reflexiones, metodología 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 1.1 El proyecto 6 1.1.1 Relevancia 6 1.1.2 Objetivos 7 1.1.3 Preguntas e hipótesis 8 1.2 Metodología 12 1.2.1 Consideraciones terminológicas 14 1.2.2 Métodos y procedimientos de investigación 21 1.2.2.1 Marco teórico 22 1.2.2.2. Elaboración del corpus 23 1.2.2.3 Análisis lingüístico 24 i ESTRUCTURA DEL TRABAJO 30 CAPÍTULO II La familia yutoazteca 32 INTRODUCCIÓN 32 2.1 Clasificaciones, genealogías, orígenes 33 2.2 Las lenguas yutoaztecas: rasgos tipológicos 45 2.2.1 Aspectos fonológicos 45 2.2.2 Aspectos morfológicos 47 2.2.3 Aspectos sintácticos 49 2.2.4 Caracterización tipológica 51 2.3 Breve historia etnográfica 52 2.3.1 De la prehistoria al siglo XV 52 2.3.2 Las culturas americanas antes del contacto 59 2.3.2.1 Rasgos generales 59 2.3.2.2 Áreas culturales 62 2.3.3 España en América: s. XV- XVIII 68 CONCLUSIÓN 75 ii CAPÍTULO III Posesión y cambio lingüístico 77 INTRODUCCIÓN 77 3.1 Las lenguas en evolución 77 3.1.1 El cambio semántico 77 3.1.2 El cambio gramatical 79 3.1.2.1 Gramaticalización, lexicalización y construccionalización: la sistematización de elementos normalizados en una lengua 81 3.1.3 Las causas del cambio 86 3.2 Reconstrucción fonética y sintáctica 88 3.2.1 Conceptos claves 88 3.2.2 Método Comparativo 90 3.2.3 Reconstrucción Interna 95 3.2.4 Reconstrucción Sintáctica 94 3.3 La posesión: perspectivas diacrónicas y tipológicas 95 3.3.1 Definiciones cruzadas 96 3.3.1.1 Un concepto social complejo 96 3.3.1.2 Una noción relacional, abstracta y diversa 99 iii 3.3.2 Posesión y posesión predicativa 106 3.3.2.1 Tipología de posesión predicativa 108 3.3.3 Conceptos y construcciones fuentes y metas 114 3.3.4 Reestructuraciones morfosintácticas 120 CONCLUSIÓN 125 CAPÍTULO IV Construcciones derivadas de posesión predicativa en YA: Tipo Comitativo y Esquema Genitivo 128 INTRODUCCIÓN 128 4.1 El sufijo -ka/ga/wa 131 4.2 El sufijo -e/i/a(h) 151 4.3 El sufijo -pa(i)/ba(i) 160 4.4 El sufijo -(‘)ta 163 4.5 Otros afijos 165 4.6 Una perspectiva diacrónica sobre la posesión comitativa predicativizada en yutoazteca: el Esquema Genitivo 167 iv CAPÍTULO V Construcciones transitivas de posesión predicativa en YA: Tipo Tener genuino y Esquema de Acción 181 INTRODUCCIÓN 181 5.1 La raíz pi(y)a/bia/via/pu en lenguas sureñas 187 5.1.1 Lenguas tepimanas: via(’)/bia(’) 187 5.1.2 Lenguas cahitas: hípure/jippue 193 5.1.3 Lenguas aztecas: pi(y)a/bia 206 5.1.4 Discusión y análisis comparativo 211 5.2 La raíz yaw en lenguas táquicas 215 5.3 Lenguas tarahumaranas: el verbo óra/óla 219 5.4 Otros verbos 223 5.5 El cambio semántico de Acción a Posesión: fuentes, desarrollos, metas 240 CAPÍTULO VI Construcciones transitivas de posesión predicativa en YA: Tipo Tener derivado y Esquema Genitivo 247 INTRODUCCIÓN 247 v 6.1 Verbos derivados de un nominal clasificador 250 6.1.1 Lexicalización de una construcción CLASIF-POS 250 6.1.2 Lexicalización de una construcción CLASIF-VBZ 254 6.1.3 Conversión CLASIF > VERBO 270 6.2 Verbos derivados de una cópula estativa 273 6.3 Verbos derivados de un sustantivo semánticamente vacío 275 6.4 Clasificadores posesivos y Esquema Genitivo: el origen de los verbos de 277 posesión derivados en YA CONCLUSIONES 286 BIBLIOGRAFIA 299 APÉNDICE. Mapas tipológicos vi ILUSTRACIONES Mapa 2.1. Las lenguas yutoaztecas (Campbell 1997: 358) 34 Mapa 2.2. Tierra natal de la comunidad PYA según Fowler (1983: 235) 41 Mapa 2.3. Tierra natal de la comunidad PYA (Merril et al. 2009: 21020) 43 Mapa 2.4 Civilizaciones del Suroeste (Waldman 2009: 24) 56 Mapa 2.5. Áreas culturales en Norteamérica antes del contacto (Waldman 2009: 42) y lenguas YA (Campbell, 1997: 358) 63 Mapa 2.6. Conquista de Norteamérica por España: el Virreinato de Nueva España (México) 71 Figura 2.1. Clasificación de las lenguas yutoaztecas (Campbell 1997: 134) 37 Figura 2.2. Clasificación de las lenguas yutoaztecas (Miller 1984: 21) 38 Figura 2.3. Clasificación de las lenguas yutoaztecas según Dakin (2004: 15) 39 Figura 2.4. Inventario fonémico del PYA (Langacker 1977: 22) 46 Figura 2.5. Desarrollo cultural en Norteamérica antes del contacto 53 Figura 2.5. Las civilizaciones mesoamericanas 58 Figura 3.1. Un árbol de la familia yutoazteca (Cortina-Borja y Valiñas 1989: 220) 90 vii Figura 3.2. Caracterización prototípica de las nociones posesivas (Heine 1997a: 40) 103 Figura 4.1. Predicativización de la Posesión Comitativa (a partir de Stassen 2009) 129 Figura 5.1. Etapas del cambio semántico de Acción a Posesión (Heine 1997a) 184 Figura 5.2. Escala de gramaticalización del Esquema de Acción (a partir de Heine 185 1997a) Figura 6.1 Have-Drift desde la Posesión Comitativa (según Stassen 2009) 247 Figura 6.2 Have-Drift desde la Posesión Tópica (según Stassen 2009) 248 Figura 6.3. Have-Drift desde la Posesión Locativa (según Stassen 2009) 248 Tabla 2.1. Clasificación geográfico-genealógica de la familia YA (Shaul 2012: 28- 29) 40 Tabla 3.1. Rasgos prototípicos de la noción de ‘posesión’ (Taylor 1999) 100 Tabla 3.2. Nociones posesivas según Heine (1997a: 34-35) 101 Tabla 3.3. Subdominios cognitivos de la noción de posesión (Stassen 2009: 17) 106 Tabla 3.4. Distinción entre posesión atributiva y predicativa (Heine 1997b: 86) 107 Tabla 3.5. Tipos de posesión predicativa (Stassen 2009: Capítulo IV) 109 Tabla3.6. Esquemas fuentes: características y formulación (a partir de Heine 1997a: 47-65) 114 viii Tabla 3.7. Evolución semántica de la posesión de tipo “tener”(Heine y Kuteva 2002) 120 Tabla 3.8. Tipos de posesión predicativa (Stassen 2009: Capítulo IV) 124 Tabla 4.1. Construcción derivativa de predicados posesivos en YA 129 Tabla 4.2. Principales construcciones de posesión comitativa predicativizada en YA 170 Tabla 4.3. Construcciones de posesión comitativa predicativizada con -ka y -e en YA 171 Tabla 5.1.
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