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The Primary Architecture of the Chacoan Culture
9 The Primary Architecture of the Chacoan Culture A Cosmological Expression Anna Sofaer TUDIES BY THE SOLSTICE PROJECT indicate that the solar-and-lunar regional pattern that is symmetri- Smajor buildings of the ancient Chacoan culture cally ordered about Chaco Canyon’s central com- of New Mexico contain solar and lunar cosmology plex of large ceremonial buildings (Sofaer, Sinclair, in three separate articulations: their orientations, and Williams 1987). These findings suggest a cos- internal geometry, and geographic interrelation- mological purpose motivating and directing the ships were developed in relationship to the cycles construction and the orientation, internal geome- of the sun and moon. try, and interrelationships of the primary Chacoan From approximately 900 to 1130, the Chacoan architecture. society, a prehistoric Pueblo culture, constructed This essay presents a synthesis of the results of numerous multistoried buildings and extensive several studies by the Solstice Project between 1984 roads throughout the eighty thousand square kilo- and 1997 and hypotheses about the conceptual meters of the arid San Juan Basin of northwestern and symbolic meaning of the Chacoan astronomi- New Mexico (Cordell 1984; Lekson et al. 1988; cal achievements. For certain details of Solstice Pro- Marshall et al. 1979; Vivian 1990) (Figure 9.1). ject studies, the reader is referred to several earlier Evidence suggests that expressions of the Chacoan published papers.1 culture extended over a region two to four times the size of the San Juan Basin (Fowler and Stein Background 1992; Lekson et al. 1988). Chaco Canyon, where most of the largest buildings were constructed, was The Chacoan buildings were of a huge scale and the center of the culture (Figures 9.2 and 9.3). -
Ancient Maize from Chacoan Great Houses: Where Was It Grown?
Ancient maize from Chacoan great houses: Where was it grown? Larry Benson*†, Linda Cordell‡, Kirk Vincent*, Howard Taylor*, John Stein§, G. Lang Farmer¶, and Kiyoto Futaʈ *U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303; ‡University Museum and ¶Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; §Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Department, Chaco Protection Sites Program, P.O. Box 2469, Window Rock, AZ 86515; and ʈU.S. Geological Survey, MS 963, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Edited by Jeremy A. Sabloff, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, and approved August 26, 2003 (received for review August 8, 2003) In this article, we compare chemical (87Sr͞86Sr and elemental) analyses of archaeological maize from dated contexts within Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to potential agricul- tural sites on the periphery of the San Juan Basin. The oldest maize analyzed from Pueblo Bonito probably was grown in an area located 80 km to the west at the base of the Chuska Mountains. The youngest maize came from the San Juan or Animas river flood- plains 90 km to the north. This article demonstrates that maize, a dietary staple of southwestern Native Americans, was transported over considerable distances in pre-Columbian times, a finding fundamental to understanding the organization of pre-Columbian southwestern societies. In addition, this article provides support for the hypothesis that major construction events in Chaco Canyon were made possible because maize was brought in to support extra-local labor forces. etween the 9th and 12th centuries anno Domini (A.D.), BChaco Canyon, located near the middle of the high-desert San Juan Basin of north-central New Mexico (Fig. -
A Navajo Myth from the Chaco Canyon Gretchen Chapin
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Mexico New Mexico Anthropologist Volume 4 | Issue 4 Article 4 12-1-1940 A Navajo Myth From the Chaco Canyon Gretchen Chapin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nm_anthropologist Recommended Citation Chapin, Gretchen. "A Navajo Myth From the Chaco Canyon." New Mexico Anthropologist 4, 4 (1940): 63-67. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nm_anthropologist/vol4/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Anthropologist by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW MEXICO ANTHROPOLOGIST 63 from the Dominican monastery until 1575. The Real y Pontificia Universidad de Mexico lasted without much interruption until the period of the French Intervention. Then it was closed for many years; became the Universidad Nacional de Mexico in 1910; and in 1929 was chartered as the Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico.. The University of Lima became the Universidad Mayor de San Marcos de Lima in 1574, and has continued ever since, with major interruptions only during the War for Independence and again just a few years ago. In final summary one can say that, of the New World institutions of higher learning, the College of Santa Cruz was first founded and opened; the University of Michoacin has had the longest history; the University of Lima probably has been open the most years, has been at her present site longest, and has retained present form of name longest; and the University of Mexico has had the greatest number of students, graduates, and faculty members and was the first to actually open of the formally constituted universities. -
Preliminary Assessment Waste Management
Executive Summary 1 The purpose of this report is to make a preliminary assessment of green jobs potentials in the waste management sector in Lebanon, including solid waste management, hazardous waste management and wastewater treatment. This report provides an overview of waste management in Lebanon, considers potentials for greening the sector, and estimates current and future green jobs in waste management. The current state of the waste management sector in Lebanon is far from ideal. Collection activities are fairly advanced when it comes to municipal solid waste, but insufficient for wastewater, and totally lacking for hazardous waste. Currently only two-thirds of the total generated solid waste undergoes some form of treatment, while the remainder is discarded in open dumpsites or directly into nature. Moreover, wastewater treatment is insufficient and Lebanon currently lacks any effective strategy or system for dealing with most hazardous waste. Incrementally, the sector is nonetheless changing. In recent years green activities such as sorting, composting and recycling have become more common, advanced medical waste treatment is being developed, and several international organisations, NGOs and private enterprises have launched initiatives to green the sector and reduce its environmental impact. Also large-scale governmental initiatives to close down and rehabilitate dumpsites and construct new waste management facilities and wastewater treatment plants are currently being planned or implemented, which will have a considerable impact in greening the waste management sector in Lebanon. In this report, green jobs in waste management are defined as jobs providing decent work that seek to decrease waste loads and the use of virgin resources through reuse, recycling and recovery, and reduce the environmental impact of the waste sector by containing or treating substances that are harmful to the natural environment and public health. -
Towards Food Sovereignty Reclaiming Autonomous Food Systems
Towards Food Sovereignty Reclaiming autonomous food systems Michel Pimbert Reclaiming Diversi TY & CiTizensHip Towards Food Sovereignty Reclaiming autonomous food systems Michel Pimbert Table of Contents Chapter 7. Transforming knowledge and ways of knowing ........................................................................................................................3 7.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................................................3 7.2. Transforming knowledge..........................................................................................................................................................................6 7.2.1. Beyond reductionism and the neglect of dynamic complexity ..........................................................................................6 7.2.2. Overcoming myths about people and environment relations .........................................................................................10 7.2.3. Decolonising economics......................................................................................................................................................17 7.3. Transforming ways of knowing..............................................................................................................................................................22 7.3.1. Inventing more democratic ways of knowing...................................................................................................................22 -
The Chaco Phenomenon
The Chaco CROW CANYON Phenomenon ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER September 24–30, 2017 ITINERARY SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 24 Arrive in Durango, Colorado, by 4 p.m. Meet the group for dinner and program orientation. Our scholar, Erin Baxter, Ph.D., provides an overview of the movements of Chaco culture, as well as the latest research. Overnight, Durango. D MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 25 Drive south to Chaco Culture National Historical Park, in the high desert of what is now northern New Mexico. From about A.D. 900 to 1150, Chaco Canyon was the center of a vast regional system that integrated much of the Pueblo world. Our Chaco Canyon exploration begins with the great houses of “downtown” Chaco. At Chetro Ketl and Pueblo Bonito, we examine the architectural features that define great houses and discuss current theories about their function in the community. With the transformation of Pueblo Bonito into the largest of all great houses, some believe Chaco Canyon became the center of the ancestral Pueblo world. We meander along the cliffs on the north side of the canyon, searching for rock art. Overnight, camping under the stars, Chaco Canyon. B L D TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26 This morning we explore the great houses, great kivas, and small house sites of Tsin Kletsin in Chaco Canyon (2.5 mile round-trip hike, 450-foot Chetro Ketl elevation change). We also visit Casa Rinconada and associated small house sites. Though small house sites are contemporaneous with great houses, the architecture differs markedly, and we discuss the meaning of these differences. After some time at the visitor center, we take the short hike to Una Vida and nearby rock art. -
Dr. C. Padoch Scientist Institute of Economie Botany the Newyor K Botanical Garden Piôo&Dpi T2000
Promotor: dr.ir. R.A.A. Oldeman Hoogleraar in de bosteelt en bosoecologie Co-promotor: dr. C. Padoch Scientist Institute of Economie Botany The NewYor k Botanical Garden piôO&dpi t2000 WIL DE JONG DIVERSITY, VARIATION, AND CHANGE IN RIBERENO AGRICULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouw- en milieuwetenschappen op gezag van de rector magnificus, dr. C. M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 25 oktober 1995 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula van de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen. ff 933 CIP-DATAKONINKLIJK E BIBLIOTHEEK, DENHAA G 1995 Diversity, varation, and change in Ribereno agriculture and agroforestry / Wil de Jong. [S.I.;s.n.]. Fig.,Tab . Thesis Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen.Wit hréf .Wit h summary in Dutch. ISBN 90-5485-469-3 Subject headings:agriculture ;Amazonia-Peru/varze aresourc eutilization/ribereno s Riberenos, the native farmers ofth e lowland Peruvian Amazon region, subsist in an ecologically complex Amazonian varzea environment by practicing a highly diverseagriculture , and following individualistic agricultural strategies.A tota lo f 14 different agricultural methods, identified as agricultural types, and the varia tion inagricultura l strategies are described for two villages located atth e Ucayali river.Diversit y ofswidden-fallo w agroforestry onterr a firme lands,an d ofvarze a agroforestry is investigated. Riberefio agricultural diversity and variation inagri cultural strategies can be explained as adaptations to the complex and dynamic conditions of the varzea. The case of ribereno resource use gives reason to ques tion several theories that have been formulated about varzea resource utilization. i \NVBO!""''IJ:'^ •"•],\-2iT'y " ''•'O-.Cé.N A/^JÛÏ'iOt , 2.00Q STELLINGEN î De diversiteit van ribereno landbouw in de varzea weerlegt Ross' stelling (The evolution of the Amazon peasantry. -
Sundials for Urban Farming in an Early Inca City
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2(3): 107-114, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2014.020305 Sundials for Urban Farming in an Early Inca City Uwe Christian Plachetka University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract Information systems are essential for farming the methods of these indigenous farmers promote “response agriculture”. The famous IntiWatanas, the Inca an increase in crop diversity to avoid adverse effects of sundials were a technological detail of “response agriculture” inbreeding (Brush 2004). The Andean highlands and their as the development of the Inca Empire was a matter of traditional farmers harbor the genetic reserves for potatoes coping with the challenges of the Medieval Climatic (solanum tuberosum spp.), Quinoa (Chenopodia quinoa) Anomaly in the Central Andean Highlands. Such archaic and a wide range of other nutritive crops. Consequently the but smart techniques can be understood only when intervention of the last pre-European government of Peru, considered in their original socio-ecologic context. that of the Incas in agricultural systems and food production is palpable, which does matter for a proper understanding of Keywords Urban Farming, Inca, Sundial, Ecologic diversity-promoting agricultural systems and response Management agriculture because the Incas had to face the challenges of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly(MCA) (Haberle S.G., Chepstow-Lusty -
A History Southeastern Archaeological Conference Its Seventy-Fifth Annual Meeting, 2018
A History m of the M Southeastern Archaeological Conference m in celebration of M Its Seventy-Fifth Annual Meeting, 2018 Dedicated to Stephen Williams: SEAC Stalwart Charles H. McNutt 1928–2017 Copyright © 2018 by SEAC Printed by Borgo Publishing for the Southeastern Archaeological Conference Copy editing and layout by Kathy Cummins ii Contents Introduction .............................................................................................1 Ancestors ..................................................................................................5 Setting the Agenda:The National Research Council Conferences ....................................................................15 FERACWATVAWPA ............................................................................21 Founding Fathers ...................................................................................25 Let’s Confer !! .........................................................................................35 The Second Meeting ..............................................................................53 Blest Be the Tie That Binds ..................................................................57 The Other Pre-War Conferences .........................................................59 The Post-War Revival ............................................................................65 Vale Haag ................................................................................................73 The CHSA-SEAC Years (1960–1979)..................................................77 -
The House of Our Ancestors: New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, A.D. 800•Fi1200
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 2015 The ouH se of Our Ancestors: New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, A.D. 800–1200 Carrie Heitman University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Heitman, Carrie, "The ousH e of Our Ancestors: New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, A.D. 800–1200" (2015). Anthropology Faculty Publications. 127. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub/127 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Chaco Revisited New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, ed. Carrie C. Heitman and Stephen Plog. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2015. Pp. 215–248. Copyright 2015 The Arizona Board of Regents. digitalcommons.unl.edu The House of Our Ancestors: New Research on the Prehistory of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, A.D. 800–1200 Carrie C. Heitman, University of Nebraska–Lincoln In a paper honoring the career of archaeologist Gwinn -
Violence in the Canyons: the Human Cost of Raiding and Warfare in Northeastern Arizona (AD 300-~1300)
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones December 2017 Violence in the Canyons: The Human Cost of Raiding and Warfare in Northeastern Arizona (AD 300-~1300) Caryn Elizabeth Tegtmeyer University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Repository Citation Tegtmeyer, Caryn Elizabeth, "Violence in the Canyons: The Human Cost of Raiding and Warfare in Northeastern Arizona (AD 300-~1300)" (2017). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/11889761 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VIOLENCE IN THE CANYONS: THE HUMAN COST OF RAIDING AND WARFARE IN NORTHEASTERN ARIZONA (AD 300-1300) by Caryn Elizabeth Tegtmeyer Bachelor of Science in Anthropology Michigan -
New Deal Archaeology in the Southeast: Wpa, Tva, Nps, 1934-1942
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1982 New Deal Archaeology in the Southeast: Wpa, Tva, Nps, 1934-1942. Edwin Austin Lyon II Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lyon, Edwin Austin II, "New Deal Archaeology in the Southeast: Wpa, Tva, Nps, 1934-1942." (1982). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3728. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3728 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques Is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark It is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy.