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2006 Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 2001 Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 2001 Results of the total survey in 2001 and trends in numbers between 1991 and 2001 WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 22 - 2006 Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 200 Results of the total survey in 200 and trends in numbers between 99-200 Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 2 Colophon Publisher Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group (TMAG); Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea (JMBB). Authors Kees Koffijberg, SOVON Vogelonderzoek Nederland, Rijksstraatweg 178, NL 6573 DG BeekUbbergen; Lieuwe Dijksen, SOVON Vogelonderzoek Nederland, Rijksstraatweg 178, NL 6573 DG BeekUbbergen; Bernd Hälterlein, Landesamt für den Nationalpark SchleswigHolsteinisches Wattenmeer, Schloßgarten 1, D 25832 Tönning; Karsten Laursen, Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser / NERI, Grenåvej 12, DK 8410 Rønde,; Petra Potel, Nationalparkverwaltung Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer, Virchowstr. 1, D 26382 Wilhelmshaven; Peter Südbeck, Staatliche Vogelschutzwarte, Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirschaft, Küsten und Naturschutz; Nationalparkverwaltung Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer, Virchowstr. 1, D 26382 Wilhelmshaven Language support Susan Beddig Cover photos Martin Stock, Harald Marencic Drawings Niels Knudsen, Winfried Daunicht Layout Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Graphic support Gerold Lüerßen Print Druckerei Plakativ, Kirchhatten, +49(0)448297440 Paper Cyclus – 100% Recycling Paper Number of copies 2000 Published 2006 ISSN 0946896X This publication should be cited as: Koffijberg, K., Dijksen, L., Hälterlein, B., Laursen, K., Potel, P., Südbeck, P., 2006. Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 2001 Results of the total survey in 2001 and trends in numbers between 19912001. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 22 Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 200 Results of the total survey in 200 and trends in numbers between 99-200 Kees Koffijberg Lieuwe Dijksen Bernd Hälterlein Karsten Laursen Petra Potel Peter Südbeck 2006 Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 Contents Editorial Foreword ________________________________________ 7 Acknowledgements ________________________________________ 8 Summaries _______________________________________________ 9 Summary ____________________________________________________________________ 9 Sammenfatning ______________________________________________________________ 13 Zusammenfassung ____________________________________________________________ 17 Samenvatting _______________________________________________________________ 21 . Introduction __________________________________________ 2 2. Survey Area and Methods _______________________________ 26 2.1 Survey Area _____________________________________________________________ 26 2.2 Outline of the Monitoring Scheme ___________________________________________ 27 2.3 Fieldwork _______________________________________________________________ 27 2.4 Coverage _______________________________________________________________ 30 2.4.1 Coverage of the Total Survey in 2001 _____________________________________ 30 2.4.2 Coverage of Census Areas 19902001 ____________________________________ 31 2.5. Data Processing and Analyses _______________________________________________ 31 2.6 Factors Affecting Breeding Bird Populations ____________________________________ 32 2.6.1 Weather ___________________________________________________________ 32 2.6.2 Flooding ___________________________________________________________ 33 2.6.3 Management _______________________________________________________ 34 . General Review of Populations, Distributions and Trends ______ 7 3.1 Status of Breeding Birds in 2001 _____________________________________________ 37 3.2 Trends _________________________________________________________________ 40 3.2.1 Overall Trends _______________________________________________________ 40 3.2.2 Regional Trends ______________________________________________________ 42 . Species Accounts ______________________________________ 4.1 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis __________________________________ 46 4.2 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia ________________________________________ 48 4.3 Shelduck Tadorna tadorna __________________________________________________ 50 4.4 Common Eider Somateria mollissima __________________________________________ 52 4.5 Redbreasted Merganser Mergus serrator ______________________________________ 54 4.6 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus _________________________________________________ 56 4.7 Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus _________________________________________ 58 4.8 Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta _______________________________________________ 61 4.9 Great Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula ______________________________________ 64 4.10 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus ________________________________________ 66 4.11 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus __________________________________________ 68 4.12 Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii _______________________________________________ 70 4.13 Ruff Philomachus pugnax __________________________________________________ 72 4.14 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago ___________________________________________ 74 4.15 Blacktailed Godwit Limosa limosa ___________________________________________ 76 4.16 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata __________________________________________ 78 4.17 Common Redshank Tringa totanus ___________________________________________ 80 4.18 Turnstone Arenaria interpres ________________________________________________ 83 4.19 Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus _____________________________________ 84 4.20 Little Gull Larus minutus ___________________________________________________ 85 4.21 Blackheaded Gull Larus ridibundus ___________________________________________ 86 4.22 Common Gull Larus canus __________________________________________________ 88 4.23 Lesser Blackbacked Gull Larus fuscus _________________________________________ 90 4.24 Herring Gull Larus argentatus _______________________________________________ 92 Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 6 4.25 Great Blackbacked Gull Larus marinus ________________________________________ 94 4.26 Gullbilled Tern Gelochelidon nilotica _________________________________________ 96 4.27 Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis ___________________________________________ 98 4.28 Common Tern Sterna hirundo ______________________________________________ 100 4.29 Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea ______________________________________________ 102 4.30 Little Tern Sterna albifrons ________________________________________________ 104 4.31 Shorteared Owl Asio flammeus ____________________________________________ 106 . Discussion ___________________________________________08 5.1 Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in an International Context _____________________ 108 5.2 Factors Influencing Breeding Birds __________________________________________ 109 5.2.1 Climate Change ____________________________________________________ 109 5.2.2 Contamination _____________________________________________________ 110 5.2.3 Fisheries __________________________________________________________ 111 5.2.4 Recreation ________________________________________________________ 112 5.2.5 Agriculture and Salt Marsh Management _________________________________ 112 5.2.6 Other Aspects ______________________________________________________ 113 6. Implications for Management ___________________________ 115 6.1. Target Evaluation ________________________________________________________ 115 6.1.1 Wadden Sea Plan ___________________________________________________ 115 6.1.2. Breeding Birds in the Context of EC Directives and Red Lists __________________ 115 6.2. Recommendations for Further Studies ________________________________________ 116 References _____________________________________________ 118 Annexes Annex 1: Species List _________________________________________________________ 123 Annex 2: List of Census Areas in the Wadden Sea ___________________________________ 124 Annex 3: Species and Numbers per Census Region in 2001 ____________________________ 126 Annex 4: Field Workers and Institutions __________________________________________ 130 Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 22 2006 7 Editorial Foreword With the publication of this report, it is the third the fact that the joint breeding birds monitoring time that a complete breeding bird survey of the program has been operational for a long period of entire Wadden Sea is presented in the framework time, allowing for the analysis of longtime series. of the Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Pro The next total count, the fourth one, is being car gram (TMAP) by the Joint Monitoring Group of ried out in 2006. Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea (JMBB). The We would like to thank all those who con results of the first complete survey of breeding tributed to the surveys and the report such as birds in the entire Wadden Sea, undertaken in the field workers and organizations involved, the 1990, were published in 1994 as the first issue; authors and, in particular, Kees Koffijberg and the results of the second complete survey of Lieuwe Dijksen. Only their
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