Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2015, Vol. 4, No. 2 Tourism Development in the Dutch Wadden Area: Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Monitoring Needs Frans J. Sijtsma (Corresponding author) University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail:
[email protected] Lourens Broersma University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail:
[email protected] Michiel N. Daams University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail:
[email protected] Hendrik Hoekstra University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands Gelijn Werner Raad voor de Wadden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Received: March 11, 2015 Accepted: March 25, 2015 doi:10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8561 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8561 Abstract The paper presents a spatial and temporal analysis of tourism in the Dutch Wadden area and identifies policy dilemmas and monitoring needs. The analysis is temporal because historical, current and future aspects of tourism development are addressed; it is spatial because the spatial differentiaton of tourism within the Wadden area is examined. For the assessment of the historical and current situation focus is on visitor and employment data and especially the 217 www.macrothink.org/emsd Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2015, Vol. 4, No. 2 relative degree of specialization of the local economy on tourism. For the future direction of tourism and possible investment options, the paper draws on surveyed views of 91 tourism entrepreneurs in the Wadden area.