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SERIES B - No. 9 THE PEOPLING OF CENTRAL PAPUA: SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS by T.E. Dutton PACIFIC LINGUISTICS The Australian National University Dutton, T.E. The peopling of Central Papua: Some preliminary observations. B-9, viii + 190 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1969. DOI:10.15144/PL-B9.cover ©1969 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Lingui�tie Ci�el� 06 Canb���a and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A . Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: The Editor , PAC IFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies , The Au stralian National University , Box 4, P.O. , Canberra , A.C.T. 2600. Australia. SUBSCRIPTIONS AND SALES: ABOVE ADDRESS Copyright � T.E. Dutton . First published 1969. Reprinted 1971 . The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series . This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund . 11i PREfACE This volume is the outcome of an interest I first developed in the indigenous peoples of the Port Moresby and Rigo Sub-Districts with whom I worked some ten years ago as an Education Officer for the Administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. At that time I was unacquainted with linguistics , but was , nonetheless , surprised at the poor body of knowledge about the peoples with whom I was working , especially the Koita and Koiari. This deficiency was rather more surprising since these districts were the first to be contacted and pacified by our European colonizers. In 1966 I was given the opportunity of revisiting New Guinea for linguistic field work , and so I returned to the area of my former interest. Initially , I planned to make a descriptive and comparative study of what was generally referred to as the Koita-Koiari "dialects." These are non-Austronesian "dialects" which have long been recognised as being related , though they have never been adequately defined geographically , nor described linguistically. However , during my pre-fieldwork reading I came upon the suggestion (first made by Strong and later repeated by Capell ) that these "dialects" may be related to other non-Austronesian ones , as yet even less clearly defined , on the north side of the Owen Stanley Range. It seemed natural , therefore , as a beginning point in the description of the linguistic position of the Koita-Koiari "dialects" to determine the boundaries of them as well as something of their relationship with one another and with neighbouring ones. I planned to accomplish this by a lexicostatistical survey of as many villages as possible in the time at my disposal after spending some months learning and recording one of the dialects on the eastern end of the Sogeri Plateau. As the survey developed I became interested in the historical implications of the linguistic picture that was unfolding , particularly iv in regard to the movements of what I now call the Koiarian peoples, and the geographical distrib�tion of other non-Austronesian (or Papuan) and Austronesian languages in the immediate ar�a. In this volume I have set down, and tried to integrate, historical information on the recent movement of the Koiarians with a preliminary account of the present linguistic situation. A possible centre of distribution for the Koiarian languages is also discussed, but because of the nature of my survey materials this cannot be anything more than the first step towards a much larger programme of integrated research. I have been stimulated in this work by others also interested in the Port Moresby area, especially by my supervisors Professor S.A. Wurm, Mr. J. Golson, and Mr. N.D. Oram of the Australian National University, and Drs A. Capell of the University of Sydney, and A.V.G. Price, Port Moresby. I should also like to thank my many colleagues and friends who have discussed aspects of this study with me, though no responsibility for the final form, of this paper rests with them. I am indebted to the Australian National University for the opportunity and funds made available to me to make this initial study, and to the Department of Human Geography of this university for the preparations of the maps that are included in this volume. I should also like to express my sincere thanks to Messrs A. Pence (Director), B. Hooley (Associate Director), D. Wilson, J. Austing, J. Parlier, and H. Weimer, members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, from whom I received nothing but kindness, and who shared, and discussed with me their published and unpublished materials in their respective and related languages, and/or problems of mutual interest. I am no less indebted to members of the Christian Missions who generously gave of their knowledge and experience in the Koiarian area. I am especially indebted here to Rev. P. Chatterton, M.H.A., and Rev. F. Butler of the London Missionary Society, Port Moresby, and to Fr. J. Sharpe, Rev. W. Haughton and Mr. K. Farrow of the Anglican Mission, Northern District. I also wish to express my gratitude to the following Officials of the Administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea for their sympathetic co-operation : Messrs J. K. McCarthy (Director), J. Gauchi (Assistant District Commissioner, Port Moresby), E.S. Sharp (Assistant District Commissioner, Rigo), C. Day (Assistant District Commissioner, Kokoda), C. Viner-Smith (Patrol Officer, Afore) of the Department of District Administrationj Mr. R. Black of the Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Popondettaj Messrs J.T. Bramell and F. Jones of the Land Titles Commission, Port MoresbYj and to a v number of plantation personnel , especially to those of Itikinumu and Subitana Rubber Estates , Sogeri , and Mamba and Kokoda Rubber Estates, Kokoda, who in very practical ways assisted in the production of this volume. Finally I should like to thank all those indigenous informants who co-operated with me in providing the materials upon which this volume is based. T.E. Dutton , The Australian National University. TABLE Of CONTENTS 1.0 PREll MINARIES 3-8 1.1 INTROVUCTION 3 1.2 MATERIALS 5 1.3 METHOVS 5 1.4 CON VE NTI ONS 8 2.0 OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON CENTRAL PAPUA 11-20 2. 1 LINGUISTI CS 11 2.2 ANTHROPOLOGY 15 2.3 GENETICS 17 2.4 ARCHAEOLOGY 17 2.5 GEOLOGY 19 3.0 THE KOIARIAN LANGUAGE FAMILY 23-76 3. 1 INTROVUCTION 23 3.2 THE KOIARIC SUB-fAMILY 25-59 3.21 GeneJLa.l. 25 3.22 KoLta. 26 3.23 Ko.i..a.Jr.-i. 37 3.24 Mounta..i.. n Ko.i..a.JL.i.. 48 3.3 THE BARAIC SUB-fAMILY 62-76 3.31 GeneJLa.l. 62 3.32 Ma. na. ga.l.a.6.i.. 62 3.33 Ba.JLa..i.. 66 3.34 Aom.i..e 74 4.0 CONCLUSION 79-81 vi vii 5.0 APPENDICES 5.1 POPULATION FIGURES FOR LANGUAGES OF THE KOIARIAN 82 FAMILY 5.2 LISTING OF LINGUISTIC MATERIALS COLLECTEV 89 5.3 KOIARIAN ORIGIN STORIES 92 5.4 CONTRAST BETWEEN KOIARI -BARAI ANV MOTU-SINAGORO 107 5.5 OUTLINE HISTORY OF CONTACT WITH, ANV PACI FICATION 113 OF, KOIARIAN PEOPLES 5.6 COMPARISON OF GROUPING OF NON -AN LANGU AGES BY 116 RAY, CAPELL, ANV VUTTON 5.7 SIX KOIARIAN WORV LISTS 117 5.8 PHONOLOGIC AL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KOIARIAN 131 LANGUAGES 5.9 GRAMMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KOIARIAN 146 LANGUAGES 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 167 Maps: Language Fam�!�e� 06 Cent�a! Papua 1 2 Ko�a�an Language� 2 3 Cape!!'� Reg�ona! Language� 9 4 V��t�b u�on 06 A�chaeo!og�ca! s�te� �n Cent�a! 10 Papua 5 V��t��bu� on 06 Ko�ta and Motu V�!!age� 21 6 V��t�bu� on 06 Ko�a� V�!lage� 22 7 V����b ut� on 06 Mount�n Ko�a� V�!!age� 46 8 Movement 06 V�l!age� �n the Kokoda A�ea 47 9 V��t�b ut�on 06 Manag a!�� V�l!ag e� 60 10 V��t�b ut�on 06 Ba�� V�l!ag e� 61 11 V��t�but�on 06 Aom�e V�!!age� 77 12 Ko�a�an V�ale ct Ch�n� 78 CORRIGENVA Page 13, eighth last line change 'detain' to 'detail ' . " 14, para. 2.15 , line 5 change 'ANs ' to AN's' . " 15 , line 7 change 'loand' to 'loaned'. " 26, line 4 change 'motu' to 'Motu ' . " 94 , last line of text change footnote '2 ' to '3 ' . Appendix 5.33 read 'r' for '1' in Koiari material. viii Dutton, T.E. The peopling of Central Papua: Some preliminary observations. B-9, viii + 190 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1969. DOI:10.15144/PL-B9.cover ©1969 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. LANGUAGE FA M ILIES OF CENTRAL PAPUA � " ;.�, NEW GUI NE A " ;-- . ...... )) . -- .: :i, . I : ......."+ ---+�+.' . -.+-+. a . I • 0 ••••• 'OS... •• 'l> • I:'· ; � I '�:······O ······ ..' ' .. ''P ' . .. "'. .. � .. " . ::::. 1=. :::: . •••••. �Op.O . 100 . .. .• . "P . .. ••• . .... � ..... " " . " . " . •• ATCHLEY ' ••••••• •.• • . ·�o.K�·d.ci.· ..... .•... '. - _ ....- -- ....-'M t LNE BAY \ " O. o 20 40 60 80 M L ____�I ______ LI ____�I ____ �I N GOIL ALAN --- LANGUAGE FAM ILY BO UNDARY ��§ BINANDEREAN ......... UNCERTAIN BOUNDARY KOIARIAN ---- ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT BOUNDARY KWAL EAN UNCE RTAIN LANGUAGE AREA MANUBARAN MOTU AN LANGUAGE 1--r:o--rr7i YAREBAN OTHE R NON-AN LANGUAGES OF UNCERTAIN RELATIONSHIP MULAHA (EXTI NCT) � TOARIPIAN DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, A.N.U.
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