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Recorded Eruptions of Mayon and Taal Volcanoes from the Philippine Journal of Science

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Recorded Eruptions of Mayon and Taal Volcanoes from the Philippine Journal of Science Philippine Journal of Science PERSPECTIVE 149 (1): x-xi, March 2020 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Recorded Eruptions of Mayon and Taal Volcanoes from the Philippine Journal of Science On 12 January 2020, a large plume of ash came out up to over houses built on the lake shore and boats of those 100 meters high in Taal Volcano in Cavite. Described by evacuating while on “native canoe” (Pratt: 72) was found experts as a phreatic eruption, its explosion is caused by a to be the cause of death of some. Others had burns and contact of hot magma and water in the caldera, resulting to wounds caused by hot mud but no clothes nor plants were breaking out of tephra around the volcanic mouth (DOST- severely scorched. PHIVOLCS 2020a). Twenty-four days after Taal’s most recent eruption, a “faint crater glow” was seen on the Meanwhile, the paper “Mayon Volcano and Its Eruptions” summit of Mayon Volcano (DOST-PHIVOLCS 2020b). appeared in PJS on September 1929. Written by Leopoldo A. Faustino (1892-1935), the assistant chief of Bureau of Almost one century ago, a phreatic volcanic activity of Science’s Division of Geology and Mines, the paper is a Taal Volcano was documented in a historical scientific narrative account of the June 1928 eruption of Mayon publication of the Bureau of Science, the forerunner of Volcano in Albay. His paper also summarized the previous the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). The recorded eruptions of Mayon Volcano from the years article “The Eruption of Taal Volcano, January 30, 1911” 1766 to 1900. was published in the Philippine Journal of Science (PJS) on April 1911. It was authored by Wallace E. Pratt (1885- Upon the request of then Albay Governor Mariano Locsin, 1981) from the Division of Mines of the Bureau of Sciences. Dr. Faustino went to Albay to observe the activities of Mayon Volcano of that time. He pointed out that “there Pratt (1911a) said that the three-day violent explosion are cases where the accounts are a little exaggerated… to of Taal Volcano started on 27 January 1911, with its satisfy the needs of a sensation-loving press…” (Faustino strength increasing every day. The volcanic activity then 1929: 1). Dr. Faustino could have been summoned in the culminated with “an explosive outburst early on the province to give expert advice on the unusual observations morning” of 30 January 1911, with “mud or ashes spread of the reported by the locals and officials alike. over more than 2,000 square kilometers in southwestern Luzon” (Pratt: 63). The volcanic activity finally subsided The 1928 eruption of Mayon Volcano was its awakening on 8 February 1911 (Pratt 1911a). from its 28-year inactivity. Steam vapor started springing from the volcanic mouth on early January 1928. Then, on No lava flow was observed in Taal Volcano’s 1911 June of the same year, Albay residents have reported their eruption. However, every phreatic release was followed observations on seeing “vapors assumed greater proportions” by earthquakes. Researchers during that time suggested (Faustino: 24) and “a glow at the summit of the volcano” that “no shock occurred more intense than VII” (Pratt: 68); (Faustino: 25). Dr. Faustino wrote that at 6:40 PM, 27 June only an estimate was given considering that no seismic 1928, the crater was filled with lava with some are starting observatory was established near the volcano at that time. to flow on the slope. Explosions were faintly heard while a Damages on properties caused by the earthquakes were huge cloud of steam emerged on top of the volcano and went described as “slight” (Pratt: 68). Fissures, some of which to a barrio in Bigaa, Legazpi. This caused loud panic among have “clouds of dust shoot[ing] up along the fissures” on the locals (Faustino: 26). On 20 July, the volcano showed a the Pancipit River Valley were also found (Pratt: 76). The “a spectacular display of incandescent materials, bombs and rim of the volcanic crater incurred minor fissures (Pratt: 78). lapilli…, streams of red-hot rock materials flowing,” which made the people in “nervous fear” (Faustino: 29). Mayon The 1911 article reveals that an official estimate of Volcano finally rested on 23 July 1928. 1,335 lives were lost due to Taal’s explosion. The toll was primarily caused by “burden of mud” and sulfur Dr. Faustino ended his article with the following dioxide content of the hot steam which came out from the recommendations: remove the rail roads and thoroughfare eruption (Pratt: 81, 82). In addition, water wave crashing near the volcano; restrict public entry in the area and x declare the volcano as a public park; and build an REFERENCES observatory given the frequency of Mayon’s eruption. He wrote that “data for a prediction are fragmentary and every DELOS REYES PJ, BORNAS MAV, DOMINEY-HOW- means known to science should be available and ready ES D, PIDLACAN AC, MAGILL CR, SOLIDUM JR for use” (Faustino: 42). He added that the observatory RU. 2018. A synthesis and review of historical erup- could warn the people about impending danger so as to tions at Taal Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines. give them ample time to evacuate. Earth-Science Reviews 177: 565–588. [DOST-PHIVOLCS] Department of Science and Tech- The aforementioned articles are some of those PJS articles nology – Philippine Institute of Volcanology and that have reported detailed and timely accounts of natural Seismology. 2020a (January 12). Taal Volcano Bulletin calamities written by experts of the contemporary that 12 January 2020 02:30 PM. Retrieved from https:// happened in the country over the years. The April 1911 www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/taal-volcano- article from PJS could be the first to report such calamity. bulletin-menu/9617-taal-volcano-bulletin-12-january- Succeeding reports on Taal’s 1911 eruption came out in other 2020-02-30-pm presses like Nature (J. Milne, 2 November 1911), Bulletin of American Geographical Society (Pratt, 1911b), and National [DOST-PHIVOLCS] Department of Science and Tech- Geographic (D. Worcenster, 1912). Both Pratt and Faustino nology – Philippine Institute of Volcanology and were employed by the Bureau of Science as geologists. Seismology. 2020b (February 5). Mayon Volcano Bulletin: 05 February 2020 08:00 AM. Retrieved from These articles emphasize the role of a scientific journal https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/mayon- with a national interest to document such natural volcano-bulletin-menu/9738-mayon-volcano-bulletin- phenomena. They provide volcanologists and allied 05-february-2020-08-00-a-m experts a unique record about two foremost volcanoes, and serve as significant references in understanding the [DOST-PHIVOLCS] Department of Science and Technol- geologic features of the archipelago. For example, the ogy – Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismol- article of Dr. Faustino (1929) collates and preserves the ogy. n/d. Volcanoes of the Philippines. Retrieved from chronicles of Mayon’s previous eruptions. The original https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano- records of such chronicles may now no longer be available hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines due to decay or inaccessibility. FAUSTINO LA. 1929. Mayon Volcano and Its Eruptions. Additionally, a documentation of Mayon and Taal Philippine Journal of Science 40(1): 1–56. Volcanoes’ previous eruptions may provide leaders and MILNE J. 1911. The Taal Volcano. Nature 88: 12–13. researchers an estimate of the magnitude of volcanic activities, and take action in mitigating the risks and PRATT WE. 1911a. The eruption of Taal Volcano, January damages to lives and properties alike. Dr. Faustino 30, 1911. Philippine Journal of Science 6(2): 63–86. previously wrote that the presence of a government official PRATT WE. 1911b. The Eruption of Taal Volcano. Bul- stationed in a volcano’s observatory can immediately notify letin of the American Geographical Society 43(12): the nearby communities on an impending danger. Lastly, 903–916. the articles of Pratt and Faustino provide insights on the response of the Filipinos in the midst of a natural calamity. WORCESTER DC. 1912. Taal Volcano and its recent destructive eruption. National Geographic 23(4): At present, both Taal and Mayon Volcanoes are listed 313–367. by DOST – Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) as two of the 24 active volcanoes in the Philippines (delos Reyes et al. 2018). DOST-PHIVOLCS considers a volcano as active when DAVID MATTHEW GOPILAN it has “erupted within historical times (within the last 600 Editorial Assistant years), accounts of these eruptions were documented by man, [or has] erupted within the last 10,000 years based on the analyses of material from young volcanic deposits” (delos Reyes et al. 2018; DOST-PHIVOLCS n/d). The most recent volcanic activities of Taal and Mayon Volcanos on 12 January 2020 and 5 February 2020 add to the tally of their respective historical volcanic activities. xi.
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