The Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas' New Generation Currency Notes

Bangko Sentral Review 2010 25 Authors t present, she 18 Maja Gratia L. Malic Nenette E. Malabrigo

detection of both local and foreign currencies. local and foreign both of detection

behind the New Generation Currency (NGC) Project. behind the New and seasoned lecturer of currency counterfeit detection. Her Her detection. and seasoned lecturer of currency counterfeit at the CARD, Cash Department. She is an expert practitioner RD honed her skills in counterfeit currency in CARD honed her skills in counterfeit employment is a licensed Chemical Engineer and currently a Bank Officer II RD and a member of the Technical Staff of is the Manager of CARD and a member of the Technical service as a Laboratory Technician at the Currency Analysis and service as a Laboratory Technician Redemption Division (CARD), Cash Department.Redemption A is a licensed Chemical Engineer who started her career in public the BSP Numismatic Committee. She has been part Committee. the BSP Numismatic of the team

Philippine Currency Safeguarding the Integrity of the the of Integrity the Safeguarding New Generation Currency Notes: The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas’ Pilipinas’ ng Sentral Bangko The 26 Bangko Sentral Review 2010 W Motivation I. Currency Integrity. Currency currency integrity, social relevance, efficiency, unified theme, andaesthetics. of principles the intoconsideration taking program, NGC launch asuccessor to decided BSP the Thus, Philippine in series. the currency incorporated be to need that industry and printing banknote in the developments important been have there years, the Over century. a of quarter last the for circulation The old of called (NDS) New series “family” Series design Design has been in for releasing the NGC banknotes. rationale the is emerges that issue common a reactions, these resistance, and even criticisms on the designs. Notwithstanding met with mixed reactions ranging from excitement, skepticism, suance of the New Generation Currency (NGC)in 2010, was it rency notes at par with the global trend in banknote printing. The NGC has has NGC The printing. in banknote trend global the with par at notes rency make to endeavored Philippine the cur BSP handling, the in cash systems Efficiency. all of denominations. obverse the on displayed Panginoon” ang adage the Hence, dimension. spiritual unity, an and important incorporated also idealism, recognition, the BSP A notes. Philippine of peso series whole the in time, first the for featured, are islands Philippine various the in identified uniquely are that wonders iconic natural and sites heritage world The Filipinos. the of and creativity ingenuity the embody notes NGC the of background in the integrated designs and accent Filipino original laceworks The public service. distinguished their began actually they when era the Filipino heroes that appear on the notes were made younger-looking to reflect One significantdesign aspect is the tribute to Filipino heroism. The of portraits and aspirations. goals country’s the with and consistent coherent, relevant, Relevance. Social country. in the currency issue to powerand authority sole to contribute enhancing public andtrust confidence intheBSP which has the and maintaining integrity currency Preserving technology. ing reprographic improv rapidly of threat the from integrity currency to protect initiative latest BSP’s the is NGC the of issuance The counterfeiters. of ahead steps several be always should BSP that dictates prudence in circulation, currency the of percentage a as insignificant remained notes counterfeit of volume corded re the Although late. of documented been had notes counterfeit of quality an improved enhancements, said Notwithstanding substrate. a cotton-based in linen of instead fibers abaca incorporating by well as improved was strate sub The up 1000-piso. to 100-piso the with starting denominations higher in thread the and band windowed security iridescent the 2001 by integrating hen the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) announced the is W ith the latest innovations in currency processing technology and technology processing in currency innovations latest the ith (Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord) is prominently prominently Lord) is the is God whose nation the is (Blessed The design of the NGC was carefully evaluated to make carefully was it NGC the of design The

The BSP enhanced the security features of the NDS in NDS the of features security the enhanced BSP The side from the aforementioned symbols of of symbols aforementioned the from side “Pinagpala ang bayan na ang Diyos ay ang ang na bayan Diyos “Pinagpala - - - - - Bangko Sentral Review 2010 27 - -

Hewas proclaimed President The choices for the thematic content also benefited from . In retrospect, In the issuance of NDS It was done gradually. esthetic balance was meticulously observed capturing the in Thepersonalities depicted thein portraits belong tovarious eras

the expertise insights and of former Central C. Governor Bank Laya. Jaime The selection of appropriate figuresand icons was essentialin drawing together a unified idea that bringsabout the story of a nation through theportraitsfeatured their heroism, and remarkable events of a that the marked building nation, scenic spots, wonders. creations, natural This feature indigenous and projects the unique attributes of our land and people. For this reason, our currency is worth more than its even value. nominal Heroism. tions1935. Hetirelessly in worked recognition togain the for Philippines as President President MANUEL L. QUEZON (20-piso bill). of the Commonwealth of the Philippines after the winning first national elec ment, and one vision one and ment, TheNGC wasresulta of the meeting ofthe of peopleminds with diverse backgrounds ideas: and central bankers, artists, technocrats, historians, experts, communication printers. conceptualizationcurrency and The formal process The NGC project of the NGC started was undertaken by the 2007. in BSP’s Numismatic Committee consultation in Com) (Num with the Monetary Board (MB) and, subsequently, with the approval of the BSP Governor and thePresident of thePhilippines. The thematic content, designs,security and features of the NGC were finalized only afteralmost three years of thorough evaluation. deliberations and content Thematic II. II. The NGC process: diverse ideas, technological advance been made adaptable to the latest anticipated and innovations currency in processing machines to maximize output increase and the of level efficiency operation. currency in Unified Theme. begun in 1985 with the 5-and-10-piso denominations, followed by 20-piso in 1986; 50-piso, 100-piso, and 500-piso and in 1000-piso1987; in 1991. Except the for 200-piso it (issued took about 2002), six in years the for seven NDS denominationstobe completed. TheNDS conceptwas its for valued attempt unify to geographically clearly diverse a demonstrated nation, in the vignette of the 1000-piso that depicts the Banaue Rice Terraces, the the and Langgal, ManunggulJar, representing Visayas, Luzon, Mindanao, and respectively. Inspiredby this initiative, theBSP decidedintegrateto the main NDSconcept the into brand banknotenew series designed showcaseto more of theworld heritage sites wondersnatural and of the the Philippines and of its culture unique people. Aesthetics. A essence ofthe design elements ofthe NGC notes distinctive in style without compromising the security features of the currency. Heroes struggle for their noted for independence: in the in history of the country but they perpetuate the values aspirations and thatstill are applicabletothe current generation such as patriotism, bravery, gallantry, selflessness,and dedication duty: to 28 Bangko Sentral Review 2010 during bed hospital his from guerilla activities he directed husband, Escoda’s with President MANUEL A. ROXAS (100-piso MANUEL bill). President A. ROXAS (100-piso War II: World after nation the of reconstruction the leading for recognized Heroes Philippines. the of during occupation their forces Japanese the with war. the beginning of the cooperate to at for refusing executed was He of heroes Chief Justice JOSE ABAD SANTOS Heart. Purple and the Merit of awards including Legion the highest the he received service, For military his became Chief of Staff of the Philippine the of Staff of Chief became Brigadier General VICENTE P. LIM war. the end of the andA she herhusband For this, occupation. Japanese war of during the byhelping prisoners courage extraordinary showed She editor. and newspaper Philippines, the of Scouts Girl founder the of suffrage, ESCODA LLANES JOSEFA bill): (1000-piso country the and people Filipino the of sake the for bravery and selflessness martyrdom, exemplified who heroes WarII World Landing. Leyte the as President DIOSDADO P. MACAPAGAL (200-piso bill). P. DIOSDADO President MACAPAGAL (200-piso sovereignty. towards astep as hedeemed which Philippines the of Bank Central the of establishment for the ing a charter of draft the initiated He inauguratedThird 1946. Republic,was 4July on which with General Douglas Mac Douglas General with year same in Philippines the the to returned Quezon. He President of death following untimely the in 1944, presidency-in-exile Quezon to the President succeeded He nation. an as independent transition the of stage critical the during Philippines the led He bill). (50-piso OSMEÑA SERGIO President Filipino. language, national the of father well the knownas economy. also the was He strengthen and build updefense, national stability, political foster nation, an independent acknowledged as an icon of democracy long before President Aquino’s presi Aquino’s President before long democracy of icon an as acknowledged also was husband, Aquino’s President JR., AQUINO, S. BENIGNO Senator here and abroad. democracy for1986 PowerPeople inspiring Revolution. the non-violent She is an of icon remembered best is she history, Philippine in office that hold to woman first C. CORAZON President AQUINO. bill): (500-piso democracy of champions as heroes Modern-day A when General June 1898, to 12 Day from 4 July 1946 Philippineof Independence ebration for having remembered cel moved the is Macapagal President liberalization. economic of process the started that agenda and socio-economic reform his W orld W orld W orld orld ar II. He was eventually captured and killed by the Japanese. Japanese. bythe and killed eventually was captured ar He II. guinaldo colonialrule. from Spanish Independence declared W ar II for having served as as ar II for having served was a social worker, wasa social educator, of women’s advocate A rthur and the liberation forces in what was known was in what forces liberation and the rthur The 11th President of the Philippines and the and the Philippines the of 11th President The was the firstFilipino WestPoint graduate; he was considered one of the greatest Filipino greatest the of one considered was A rmy. along inwounded action Initially A cting President of the Philippines Philippines the of President cting

He He was the firstPresident of the ntonio were killed before ntonio were before killed

He was knownfor land was He - - - Bangko Sentral Review 2010 29 - The initial orldHeritage Site by the United Nations for The Bicol region’s pride and one of our best our of one natural and pride The Bicol region’s Bohol’s most attraction, famous giant Bohol’s look like they rounds of discussions the NGC regarding project coincided2007 in with the about hearteningnews The Nature.” of Wonders Seven “New selectionthe of Reefsthe and Underground consistently Tubbataha River own our appearing as one of the top favorites world for wonders stimulated the idea of including selected scenic spots iconic and wonders the in NGC. Thescenic spots the and wonderful symbols presented were of nature their in mosticonic angles at the back design ofthe notes matchedwith lacework design that originated thein same region as thefeatured scenic spot. The lacework design isevidence of the local ingenuitylocal and tradition which map generation generation. The Philippine to from been down handed have wasintegrated as one of the accents of the note design at the and same time the locator of the featured wonders. natural (20-piso).Terraces Rice Carved Banaue out of the mountains of the Cordillera 2,000 yearsaround ancestors by our ago usingtools, simple still and being appreciated, itwas declaredas W it showcases expertise an engineering. in civets Palm famous which are for producing oneof thebest expensive and coffee varieties the in world also with thrive Cordillera. civet, palm in design Together a weave thatoriginated Cordillerain was also integrated to bring out the uniqueness of the region. Taal Lake in Batangas (50-piso). It is considered the deepest freshwater known as world’s of thethe Philippines Volcano, and host lake toactive Taal the for past Volcano smallest centuries volcano. Eruptions brought had of Taal aboutecological The Lake. once salinewater was gradually changes Taal in transformed freshwater species into endemic it a home making now to many adapted waters.evolved and thattothe desalination have The ofthe lake’s has a freshwater-adaptedlake population locally of the known giant trevally, as Maliputo, a delicious milky fish which is visible at the lower portionTaal of intricate an embroidery Similarly, Volcano. design handcrafted Batangas in was made to complete the set of wonders that proudly Batangueño. are (100-piso).Volcano Mayon icons, itis thecountry’s mostactive erupted times49 volcano, having over thein past 400 years according to sources. Renowned its for perfect “near cone,” Mayon’s symmetrically conical shape was formed by pyroclastic and lava flows from previous eruptions. On thereverse side of the100-piso at main the is it fish; living largest is world’s the shark, whale or Butanding the traction Donsol, in Sorsogon. The lacework design highlight was crafted from textileindigenous the in Bicol Region. (200-piso). Hills Chocolate whichmole appear green hills verdant days chocolate on rainy and brown during the dry season. about Numbering 1,266 hills, they rise to 30 to 50 meters. Most people who first see pictures of the landscape can hardly believe that thesenot man-made are hills artifacts. not Iteven is said that tothis up day, geologists reached have a consensus they formed. on how were The most commonly accepted theory is that the they weathered are formations of a kind of limestone marine tarsier, The on top of Philippine impermeable of clay. layer dency. His strugglepoliticalHisfreedom from dynastydemocracy, quest for and dency. dictatorship and ledhisto imprisonment, assassination. eventual exile, and His deathset the stage the for firstEDSA Revolution. World heritage sites, natural iconic wonders and local fabric. 30 Bangko Sentral Review 2010 the park is the the is park the in seen species notable the of One province. the of endemic bird15 species in Palawan, to 165252 home including the of is all the of knownbird species aW as in A forests important most the of some has and ecosystem afull mountain-to-the-sea contains site The conservation. for biodiversity a habitat river. underground represents area also longest The world’s the to be reputed River is Subterranean Princesa Puerto The bers. cham large well several as as and stalagmites stalactites of major formations includes It Sea. China South the into directly flowing before cave a through winds it that is river the of feature distinguishing A competition. Nature” of kilometer river in Palawan is one of the 28 (500-piso). finalists for Park the “New SevenNational Wonders River Subterranean Princesa Puerto note. the of reverse the on design the Luzon, of complements amonopoly not and is widespread is Filipino creativity the that indicates further which Visayas, primates that can fit incomfortably one’s hands. lacework Handcrafted of the world’s the of knownfor one being is smallest Bohol’s trademark, considered purpose of hiring the services of the best artist groups. groups. artist best the of hiring of services the purpose Com, in coordination with the BSP’s (CORAO)Office Affairs Corporate with the byNum organized competition in the (3) three participants other bested artists These denominations. and 500-piso 200-, 100-, for the Systemat and Design notes and 1000-piso 50- 20-, for the responsible 5was Studio Filipino artists. of groups by two executed was designs NGC’s basic the of concept BSP The design. portrait in the heroes of choice in the bases as used were instead series NDS in the depicted buildings and events historical These NDS. in the buildings and events historical the to opposed as NGC the are featuredin natural and wonders iconic sites heritage world the of sketches and a Pictures major was change,There however, design. orback invignette the dent Aquino appearing side by side with her husband, former Senator Aquino. Presi former of portrait the now which includes 500-piso the of exception the with are size, the color,predominant features the portraits, and the These banknotes. NGC in the NDS the of features the of some retain to decided Board denominations, of the different the Monetary recognition easy facilitate Design. note. the of reverse the in Mindanao, culture,completes the definitive relicof the Moslem-influenced Tinalak so-called silver andThe golden. to white range from treasures these of colors The world. in the grown pearls largest the produce that oysters of natural habitat the Seas, South the of part is Sulu Sea found center-bottom. is the at inside apearl with oyster The property. to the Frigatebirda regular is Island visitor endangered Christmas critically The sharks. reef tip for white world knownin the density population highest the supports property The and marine endangered species. threatened for internationally habitat an Park The provides boundaries. important its organisms in the whole Sulu Sea andsystem, outside fisheries helps support by marine and colonization dispersal, reproduction, of in process role the a key plays It note. the of hallmark the reverse the is at ecosystems, oldest (1000-piso). Philippines’ the of one and is Sulu the Sea middleof in the uniquea Park position Natural Reefs Tubbataha note. the of reverse the on design the completes Philippines Southern from orld Heritage Site on 4 December 1999. Records show that the park park the show that 1999. Records 4December on Site Heritage orld To have a smooth transition from the “old” NDS to the NGC and to to and NGC the to NDS “old” the from transition smooth a haveTo Blue-naped parrot Blue-naped ( Tanygnathus lucionensis or ikat-dyed abaca woven local fabric fabric woven local abaca ikat-dyed or The Tubbataha The Reef, in lies which sia. It was inscribed by UNESCO by UNESCO inscribed was It sia. ). The woven cloth ). woven The cloth The eight- The - - Bangko Sentral Review 2010 31 - - Figure 1 rroyo and her successor,rroyo and President Be The New Generation Currency Notes nigno S. III. Aquino 1 illustrates Figure theobverse reverse and of thesix denominations of the 1 provides,New Generation matrix in Currency Table while form, a short de scription the of designs each denomination. for TheNGC isthe only design seriesthat has been by two approved presidents, former President Gloria Macapagal A 32 Bangko Sentral Review 2010 Independence Independence Historical Era Historical World War II War World Modern Day Modern Before Before After Denomination 1000-piso 500-piso 200-piso 100-piso 50-piso 20-piso Description of Designs of the New Generation Currency Notes Currency Generation New the of Designs of Description OBVERSE Diosdadvo P. Macapagal P. Macapagal Diosdadvo Josefa Llanes Escoda Escoda Llanes Josefa Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. Aquino, S. Benigno Corazon C. Aquino Aquino C. Corazon Manuel L. Quezon Quezon L. Manuel Jose A Jose to 01 A to o 01 to to 15 April 1948) April 15 to to 31 Dec. 1944) 31to Dec. to 21 A to to 21 Aug. 1983) 21 Aug. to to 19 Oct. 1961) Oct. 19 to Manuel A Manuel (20 Sept. 1898 1898 (20 Sept. Sergio Osmeña Osmeña Sergio to 2 May 1942) 2May to (09 Sept. 1878 Sept. (09 (28 Sept. 1910 (28 Sept. (19 Aug. 1878 (19 Aug. (24 Feb. 1888 (24 1888 Feb. (19 Feb. 1886 1886 (19 Feb. (27 Nov.1932 (25 Jan. 1933 (25 Jan. (01 Jan. 1982 1982 (01 Jan. Vicente P. Lim Vicente to Jan. 1945) Jan. to final stage of currency production, the banknote printing. banknoteprinting. the production, currency of stage final over to the carried would be plate master the anyon as mistake and accuracy level caution of highest the requires process origination the of execution The stage. in this considered were also and separation formulation Color plate. in a engraved had to be features security print-based NGC the of details the that during process was this It byDLR. done also was which process, nation i.e., origi the production, note in NGC stage delicate most for the preparation evaluated andin enhanced, further winning was The version banknotized by DLR. free were(DLR) provided Currency of London for all services The denominations. Rue La won De by was competition The for NGC. version abanknotized create to (BSPD), in were acompetition invited Department Printing and Securities Banknotes BSP’s bythe pre-selected printers, currency Seven experts. foreign of services the had to tap available; BSP the locally thus, yet not is expertise However, kind of this process. printing banknote the beginning to end of from tization. The banknotized note is akin to a “blue print” as that a guide serves The bankno called is process This concept. design original the affecting without counterfeiting. to features security the to incorporate design, currency on artist trained a highly resistant are that features banknotizer, bythe have more adjusted to be Filipino bythe artists executed designs requires Currency colors. Features. Security Portrait bad Santos Santos bad A pril 1997) pril ug. 1944) ug. ug. 2009) 2009) ug.

. Roxas . Roxas of the Philippines, Philippines, of the A Language, 1935 Language, & Independence February 1986 February Independence, Independence, Central Bank Bank Central First National First Centennial of ssembly, 1907 EDS EDS Design (left) Design Background Background the National Filipino as as Filipino Philippine Philippine Designing a currency goes beyond sketches, drawings, and drawings, sketches, beyond goes acurrency Designing Power I, I, Power Power II II Power House Table 1 Table 1949 1998 People A People A People Design (right) Background Background Inauguration 4 July 1946 4 July of the Third Third the of Benigno S. S. Benigno Malacañan Malacañan Monument Barasoain Barasoain Aquino, Jr. Aquino, Republic, Republic, Medal of of Medal Landing Church Palace Honor Leyte Leyte Bohol Chocolate Tubattaha Reefs Reefs Tubattaha Natural Wonder Natural Puerto Princesa Princesa Puerto (UNESCO W (UNESCO Mayon Volcano W Subterranean Subterranean Heritage Site)Heritage National Park Rice Terraces Terraces Rice Natural Park Natural orldHeritage (UNESCO (UNESCO Taal Lake Taal Banaue Banaue Hills River River Site) orld orld REVERSE Palm Civet Palm Philippine Philippine Sea Pearl of Nature of Maliputo Symbols Symbols Tarsier naped naped Whale Parrot South South Shark Blue- Originating Philippines Cordilleras Mindanao Lacework Region of of Region Batangas Southern Southern Design Bohol Bicol - - Bangko Sentral Review 2010 33 - - - - - indowed): Embeddedindowed): thread that runs lphanumeric characterslphanumeric at the left lower lso, thestitch-like metallic threadon the100-, 200-, 500- and atermark:of the Shadow image portrait with thehighlighted denomi symmetric Serial Number: A Embossed prints: Theembossed orraised of deposi print the nature ink traditional the cotton-basedgives paperof quality the with combined tion banknote a unique tactiletant of defense line against effect counterfeiting. This can be the words felt over that makesand signatures, ittext, in the value denominational PILIPINAS,” NG “REPUBLIKA first and the most impor panelsvalue particularly, the one located at the right lower corner of the obverse. and upper rightand corners ofthe note bearing oneortwo prefix lettersand six to seven digits, with thickness. and font increasing size in SecurityFibers: Visible fibers blue red and embedded on the and paper randomly scattered on the face back and of the note. nationalthat value is particularly seen againstthe light from eitherside of the space blank on the note. See-Through Mark: Thepre-Hispanic at the right script lower (Baybayin) corner of the face of the note slightly the panel. This above value is seen completein form only when the note is viewed against the light. This script means “PILIPINO.” Concealed Value: The denominational value superimposed value the at smaller The denominational Concealed Value: version portrait at the upper left portion of the note. This becomes clearly visible when the note is rotated 45 degrees slightly and tilted. Security Thread (Embedded or W vertically across the width of 20- 50- and piso notes when viewed against thelight. A 1000-pisonotes which changes colorfrom redtogreen bears and the cleartext of “BSP” and the denominational value on the obverse and “BSP” on the reverse, both repeated in series. 1000-piso500- and in only Found Patch: (OVD) Device Variable Optically notes,this patch is a reflective foil,parrot500-piso/clam for with South Sea pearl1000-piso, for bearing changes the image of the Blue-napedcolor from red to green when the note is rotated 90 degrees. only the in 1000-piso Found Optically (OVI): Ink Variable note, this em bossedat right the denominational value lower corner of theface of the note changes color from green to when blue viewed at different angles.

curity features: I: SecurityLevel features which can beeasily recognizedby the withoutpublic the use of special instruments. thein notes, 2 provides Figure illustration enumerated an below. 1 of level These are the “look,”security features. “feel,” and “tilt” elements1. 2. a TheNGC wasprinted by Oberthur Technologies, which the for won bidding currency denominations printingall six for held among participants. Oneof the requirements features security NGC These features. forsecurity NGCpaper-based BSP-specified printing the was for thebanknote selectedwere on thebasis ofreadability theirmachine adaptability and to security paper to carryrecent innovations currency in processing automated and machines. tellering The featuresnew of the NGC notesdesigned were such thatordinary cash handlers can easily recognize the authenticity of each denomination at while the same it time making difficultexpensiveand for counterfeitersimitate. to greaterFor protection, theNGC notesprovided were with layers four of se 3. 4. w 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 34 Bangko Sentral Review 2010 niger fungus. and bacteria coli E. of growth to the hostile makes it that ment Malinis Malinis boredom. are hunger, our refuge against these as and calamity, preserving are worth natural resources and bounty, our country’s For all beauty their wonders. ral Maganda adversities. with even faced when tion Filipino disposi happy and mirror fun-loving the also They our of nation. history Makulay challenges. amidst its andstrength versatility. This is a reflectionof the resilienceof our economy Matibay Makulay, and Malinis. Maganda in four (4) described aptly be can Filipino adjectives: design NGC The IV. Summary skin diseases, respectively. and A bacteria coli E. environment for to make a hostile it substrate the of treatment hygienic the banks worldwide. The NGC is also the firstcurrency note inAsia to incorporate central other of currencies the than even or better with par at design currency our makes This world. the of currencies yenand other Japanese in euro notes, seen patch OVD the from different is that permutation color characteristic the on anchored is NGC in the used patch OVD the of technology The NGC. in the The BSP is proud to be the firstto adoptthe latest OVDpatch feature security III. Other Features of the NGC proceedings. any of court course in abanknote the of ing authenticity the establish in relevant most identification; for and equipment procedures tion Level IV: Forensic featuressecurity which require special examinalaboratory BSP. the of use for the are reserved that features security covert or Level Hidden III: and microprinting. features rescent fluo are Examples light. ultraviolet or lens magnifying of use the with tellers handlers/bank cash by professional recognizable features Level Security II: (clean). (strong). (colorful). (beautiful). 8 6 A s mentioned earlier, treat hygienic s mentioned given was note NGC each

Our currency contains Philippine abaca, which is knownfor is which Philippine abaca, contains currency Our

The vibrant colors in our banknotes symbolize the colorful colorful the symbolize in our banknotes colors vibrant The Our country is beautiful, epitomized by the featurednatu bythe epitomized beautiful, is Our country The New Generation Currency Notes Currency Generation New The spergillus niger fungus, which can cause diarrhea and diarrhea cause niger can fungus, which spergillus 1 Figure 2 Figure 1 7 5 4 A spergillus spergillus Matibay, 2 9 3 ------