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Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 398 761 FL 024 070 AUTHOR Krauss, Michael, Ed. TITLE Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers No. 7. INSTITUTION Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Alaska Native Language Center. REPORT NO ISBN-0-933769-37-7; ISSN-0883-8526 PUB DATE 85 NOTE 223p. AVAILABLE FROMAlaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska, P.O. Box 757680, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7680. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Alaska Natives; Contrastive Linguistics; Descriptive Linguistics; Eskimo Aleut Languages; Geographic Distribution; *Inupiaq; *Language Patterns; Language Research; Linguistic Theory; Maps; Phonology; *Regional Dialects; Structural Analysis (Linguistics); *Suprasegmentals; Uncommonly Taught Languages; *Yupik IDENTIFIERS *Alutiiq ABSTRACT Nine papers on Yupik Eskimo prosody systems are presented. An introductory section gives background information on the Yupik language and dialects, defines prosody, and provides notes on orthography. The papers include: "A History of the Study of Yupik Prosody" (Michael Krauss); "Siberian Yupik and Central Yupik Prosody" (Steven A. Jacobson); "Supplementary Notes on Central Siberian Yupik Prosody" (Krauss); "Accentuation in Central Alaskan Yupik" (Osahito Miyaoka); "Prosody in Alutiiq" (Jeff Leer); "Evolution of Prosody in the Yupik Languages" (Leer); "Toward a Metrical Interpretation of Yupik Prosody" (Leer); "Sirenikski and Naukanski" (Krauss); and "Seward Peninsula Inupiaq Consonant Gradation and Its Relationship to Prosody" (Lawrence D. Kaplan). Two maps indicating regional language distribution are provided. Contains 135 references. (MSE) *********************************************************************** *0 Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies Edited by Michael Krauss U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL E E CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) HAS BEEN GRANTED BY his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 1:1 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers Number 7 1985 This series of linguistic papers is published at irregular intervals. The papers deal with advances and problems in linguistic research in Alaskan and related Native American languages: Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlin- git, Eskimo-Aleut, Haida, and Tsimshian. The papers are often of greater length than those normally pub- lished in journals. Early drafts of some papers have been circulated informally among specialists, and the final revised works are here made generally available for the first time. Alaska Native Language Center's work in education, folklore, and second-language teaching has resulted in more than 200 publications. The basic research aspect of ANLC, essential to these other activities, is reflected in the present series, and in comprehensive dictionaries now in preparation. Address correspondence and orders to: Alaska Native Language Center Box 111 University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775-0120 Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers Number 7 4 Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies Edited by Michael Krauss Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers Number 7 Papers by Michael Krauss Jeff Leer Steven A. Jacobson Osahito Miyaoka Lawrence D. Kaplan Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks 1985 5 Alaska Native Language Center University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 900111 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-0120 Krauss, Michael, editor Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems: Descriptive and Comparative Studies Alaska Native Research Papers Number 7 ©1981 by Alaska Native Language Center All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 0883-8526 ISBN 0-933769-37-7 First Printing, 1981 150 copies Second Printing, 1990 50 copies The University of Alaska is an EO/AA employer and educational institution. 6 Corrigenda to (as of 8/16/90) Yupik Eskimo Prosodic Systems Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers No. 7 p. 1, paragraph 3, line 4 for Koniag, read Chugach p. 9, line 1 for antipenult and preantipenult, read antepenult and preantepenult p. 21, line 3 from bottom for [pagnaksaqd.naku], read [paqnaksaqd.naku] p. 23, lines 21, 28-29, 33, p. 204, lines 17-22 The Yupik substratum underlying Bering Strait Inupiaq consonant weakeningwas not specifically that of modern Una liq or Norton Sound CAY, but rather that ofsome form of Yupik no longer spoken, specifically intermediate between CSY and NS-CAY. Unlike NS-CAY, it also lacked the rule(given on pp. 30 as 6b and 7, on p. 58 as Rule III, and on p. 145 as L I H I FD) valid for allAlaskan Yupik, whereby e.g. ikayuqaanga 'he has me as a helper' is realized [ik.iydq.agal, with gemination of-q- and stresson -yuq-; cf. e.g. King Island alakaaaga 'he checked on me' from underlying alakagaaga, with weakening of -g- in the same position as stressed syllable-final geminated in Alaska Yupik,including NS-CAY. p. 52, footnote 4 - I - I - hyphenation twice pp. 67 and 69 running heads on wrong sides of pages p. 67-71 insert symbol # at end of examples (32), (37), (53) insert symbol # after arrow in examples (36), (39), (40), (42) p. 105, line 2 last two letters of first word italic p. 129, lines 7, 8, 13 from bottom, and p. 130, lines 5, 6, 7, 16 in examples 'big road' and 'big reader,' for to and te, read to and ts p. 131, paragraph 2, lines 5, 6 for Xe(C) and Xe(C), read Xe(C) and XS(C) p. 132, line 3 from bottom for te in nid I'aI te I kutar I lukd, read ts p. 136, footnote 2 delete ENVIR (instead of a slash, for "in the environment"), p. 145 note that these two rules are operative in Alaskan Yupik but not in BSI, which has thesame rule SY (bottom of 139) p. 150, paragraph 5, line 5 after 4-read instead 'Tiq.ium.:d] p. 162, line 2 of text insert "a non-final syllable" p. 170, bottom, first example read instead ag'kutartuanga p. 188, diagram adjust leftmost arrow to point vertically upward from ii to ii; see diagram A CSY Naukanski ii. ii ii e ii .:. (ill .aa.-- as da. c1:1 I n as ..uu ui 6 uu Diagram A Diagram B Optionally add to Naukanski pattern a second dotted line on axis slightly closer to vertical, to indi- cate phonetic results, approximately [eml and [oat as described on p. 183; see diagram B. More explicitly, showing the same arrows extending from the underlying forms to the phonetic output, the entire dia- gram might be presented as follows: CSY Naukanski Upper Kobuk iu iu % a iu ., ':- aiii/ate -- au ai (ai .saat---au ": ui u uu ui da Zit' ui ua '... uu p. 190, note August, 1990 Immediately after the publication of this volume, Krauss had the opportunity to work with a speaker of Naukanski, Antonina Verbitskaya, in Moscow, December, 1985. He is deeply grateful to her and to Mikhail Chlenov for this opportunity, which disclosed that the prosody of Mrs. Ver- bitskaya's speech was rather different from that expected from the foregoing discussion. Most briefly, there are three types of stress placement: 1)general tendency for stress on any heavy syllable (short closed as well as long); 2)stress sometimes on penult, syntactically determined, not word-level stress; 3)word- level stress on second syllable (if first not long), along with the stress on first if short closed. Thus the only Yupik-specific word-level stress is this third type, which we tentatively interpret probably as a vestige of the basic Yupik alternate-syllable stress, rather than as an incipient form of it. We thus have an example here of a decrease in complexity of the Yupik prosodic system, instead of the more widespread elabora- tion of it; significantly, however, original vowel length is well preserved, showing the separateness of the prosodic system, perhaps with influence of Inupiaq. An example form is giqrnif araf asiixturaraaglia 'my nice poor little doggie,' whereis closed-syllable stress, and ' is the vestigial aiternate-syllable'stress, and (1 is the sentence-level stress. Stress is quite absent on the fourth and eighth syllables, proving the in- operativity of the alternate syllable stress beyond the second syllable. Further, to page 187. The Yupik forms in the Merck text are, as Chlenov (p.c., December, 1985) points out, indeed Uwelenski (as specifically designated in the text), then, since they are very similar to or the same as Chaplinski, Uelenski must be considered a variety of CSY, thus spoken discontinuously along the coast from Chaplino to the Arctic Ocean, with the interruption of Naukanski (besides Chukchi); or rather, continuously, if one chooses, perhaps with very good reason, to consider the East Cape promontory in- cluding Naukan, part of a different topography and ecosystem, "practically a third Diomede." p. 192, line 2 from bottom for Jeffrey, read Jeffry p. 216, line 2 for Languages, read Language CONTENTS Map 1 vi IntroductionMichael Krauss 1 A History of the Study of Yupik ProsodyMichael Krauss 7 Siberian Yupik and Central Yupik ProsodySteven A. Jacobson 25 Supplementary Notes on Central Siberian Yupik ProsodyMichael Krauss 47 Accentuation in Central Alaskan YupikOsahito Miyaoka 51 Prosody in AlutiiqJeff Leer 77 Evolution of Prosody in the Yupik LanguagesJeff Leer 135 Toward a Metrical Interpretation of Yupik ProsodyJeff Leer 159 Map 2 174 Sirenikski and NaukanskiMichael Krauss 175 Seward Peninsula Inupiaq Consonant Gradation and Its Relationship to Prosody Lawrence D. Kaplan 191 Literature Cited 211 9 CHUKOTKA USSR [CHUKCHI] Point Hope , lyorth Slope ...................... .............. [ATHABASKAN] .11.401.11(An4.Y.y eTatitioh Cordova .
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