DOCSLIB.ORG

Please Download Issue 2-3, 2018 Here

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Please Download Issue 2-3, 2018 Here BALTIC WORLDSBALTIC A scholarly journal and news magazine. September 2018. Vol. XI:2–3. 100 years since the Baltic states’ From the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES), Södertörn University. declaration of independence September 2018. Vol. XI:2–3 BALTIC WORLDSbalticworlds.com Romani Studies in the Balkan area: Roots, barriers, Roma in the Balkan Peninsula. Peninsula. Balkan the in Roma & ways Cultural, historical, and sociological dimensions sociological and historical, Cultural, forward also in this issue Illustration: Karin Sunvisson MANNERHEIM’S MANY FACES / BREZHNEV’S DIARIES / MEDIA-LIFE IN BELARUS / ALL-SOVIET CULTURE & LES’ KURBAS Sponsored by the Foundation BALTIC2 for Baltic and East European Studies WORLDSbalticworlds.com editorial in this issue Roma in the Balkan. Between Yugoslavia & the EU his issue gives insights into the field Rom and a woman, as examples Romani Studies. Together with of intersectional levels of oppres- the guest editors Julieta Rotaru sion. and Kimmo Granqvist, we present Tseveral rich articles. Romani Studies is multi- ON FEBRUARY 6, 2018, the Europe- disciplinary in itself and is also connected to a an Commission adopted a strat- Lithuania’s wide geographical area but yet to a community egy for “A credible enlargement based on identitities that however cross bor- perspective for and enhanced EU traumatic past ders as well as cuts intersectional relations. engagement with the Western The Jewish culture is part All of which are matters interlinked to Baltic Balkans” (the Western Balkans of our own country’s his- Worlds’ research interests. Strategy). One of the demands tory; it is tragic that people know It is striking that, as Sofiya Zahrova writes, to meet is “Decisive efforts are so little about it. Page 4 many Roma writers in Post-Yugoslavia today needed to protect minorities and “ feel a connection to the pan-Roma community discrimination, notably against that once existed in Yugoslavia. To be Yugoslavi- the Roma — for whom social in- an was a shared belonging regardless of ethnic clusion should be more robustly group. Zahrova argues that in Yugoslavia Roma promoted”. was granted status as a nationality. The legacy A question one might ask is of Yugoslavia is emphasized by Roma writers, whether the planned strategy is a in contrast to writers from other ethnic groups way towards more equal rights in in today’s Post-Yugoslavia. the daily life of all Roma people. In an interview, five Romani IN THIS THEME it is shown that the Roma people Studies scholars give their views during the years of existence in the area of the on their own roles as Roma Media Balkans, here also including Romania, occa- scholars, as part of the academic in Belarus sionally were and are, in a most scattered way, community, and in relation to the Natallia Radzina was interwoven and part of the society, as well as Roma communities. Professor Da- arrested and put into excluded and discriminated against. vid Gaunt in his turn comments: custody, along with other media Elena Maroshiakova and Vesselin Popov “To gain access to a community’s personalities. Page 113 have studied the flow of measures and projects trust there must be some sort of “ taken by the EU to in different ways “help” the mutual respect. Yet the discus- Roma people in the Balkans. They are critical sants, particularly Kuchukov, to these kinds of initiatives that in their eyes stress that they have difficulty feed the pockets of project leaders and NGOs finding respect inside the Romani that more or less dis-empower the Roma peo- community. As academics, they ple from solving their own problems in their have become unusual outsiders.” own ways. This special section offers inter- Yet there are of course great challenges to esting reading for scholars in the meet regarding the daily lives of Roma people. field of Romani Studies, as well as Lynette Šikić-Mićanović presents the lives of in other disciplinces, and also to three specific Roma women and the discrimina- all readers outside academia. ≈ tion that they experience being poor, being a Ninna Mörner contents 3 colophon Baltic Worlds is published by the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES) at Södertörn University, Sweden. Editor-in-chief features 124 Polarization also grows in Sweden, Ninna Mörner 4 Lithuania – a century of Carl Marklund Publisher remembering & forgetting, Joakim Ekman Påhl Ruin story Scholarly advisory council 16 Mannerheim: from “white devil” to 113 Charter 97 and the Thomas Andrén, Södertörn national hero, Sven Eliaeson shrinking space for free University; Sari Autio-Sarasmo, media in Belarus, reviews Aleksanteri Institute, Helsinki Marina Henrikson 116 As Brezhnev saw it. Diaries of a “stable Universiy; Sofie Bedford, IRES, decline” in three volumes, Tomas Sniegon Uppsala University; Michael commentaries 11 100 years of Baltic 118 Exploring the topography of the Gentile, Oslo University; Markus independence, Anu Mai Köll power play. By concentrating on the Huss (chair), Stockholm University; 13 The role of diaspora Balts periphery, Yuliya Yurchuk Katarina Leppänen, University of Gothenburg; Thomas Lundén, in the cold war endgame, 120 From Soviet seclusion to West Fredrik Stöcker European integration. The CBEES, Södetörn University; development of Baltic air connections, Kazimierz Musiał, University of 22 In the shadows of Sweden. Gdańsk; Barbara Törnquist Plewa, State building in Finland and Thomas Lundén Centre for European Studies, Lund Norway, Torbjörn Nilsson University Corresponding members Roma in the Balkan Peninsula: Cultural, Aija Lulle, University of Latvia; Michael North, Ernst Moritz theme historical, and sociological dimensions Arndt University Greifswald; Andrzei Nowak, Jagiellonian 58 The life trajectories of Roma women introduction University, Kraków; Andrea Petö, Tackling intersectional 23 The Romani paradigm in living in poverty. Central European University, discrimination, Lynette Šikić-Mićanović the Balkan area, Julieta Budapest; Jens E. Olesen, Rotaru and Kimmo Granqvist 88 Migration vs. Inclusion: Roma Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Mobilities from east to west, Elena Greifswald; Olga Schihalejev, peer-reviewed Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov Tartu University articles essay Copyediting/proofreading 25 Romani writers and the 70 Romani immigrants from Romania Matthew Hogg, Semantix AB; legacies of Yugoslavia, in Poland in the 1990s. Ethnographic Bridget Schäfer Sofiya Zahova observations, Sławomir Kapralski and Layout 34 Aspects of Romani Paweł Lechowski Sara Bergfors, Lena Fredriksson, demographics in the 19th Serpentin Media century Wallachia, interview Illustrator Julieta Rotaru 101 “Being a part of the community that is Karin Sunvisson 51 The communist being investigated creates a number Subscription authorities’ refusal to of complications”, Kimmo Granqvist Sofia Barlind recognize the Roma as a commentary Printed by national minority. 112 “The Post-Gypsy Lore moment: Elanders Sverige AB A moment in the history of Defining Romani Studies”, Printed: ISSN 2000-2955 the Roma in Romania, David Gaunt Online: ISSN 2001-7308 1948 –1949, Viorel Achim Contact Baltic Worlds [email protected] The content expresses the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of Baltic Worlds. 4 feature LITHUANIA– A CENTURY OF REMEMBERING FORGETTING& by Påhl Ruin his year Lithuania is celebrating 100 years since its dec- feelings are very provocative among people who lost family laration of independence. Some aspects of the century members under the oppressive Soviet regime. that has passed deserve more attention than they get. At Lithuanian museums depicting the occupation, you learn During 1918 — the last chaotic year of the First important things about persecutions, torture and resistance — World War — all three Baltic countries managed to escape the but not much more. It is simply very difficult to summarize the Russian grip and enjoyed some two decades of independence Soviet era in a comprehensive manner without offending people before they came under Russian/Soviet rule again. Despite the on one side or the other. So how was Lithuanian society affected fact that the loss of their independence lasted for the following by the Soviet occupation, apart from the oppression? Very few 50 years, all three countries celebrate their centenary this year. historians or other academics have even tried to paint a broad So how are the past 100 years described? I lived in Vilnius, picture, instead looking only at specific areas of society. Lithuania, for five of these years (2011—2016), working as a jour- One brave historian, Violeta Davoliūtė, wanted to get away nalist. One of my major interests was precisely the way in which from the notion that the Soviet period was nothing more than a the country portrayed its own history. Over the years I pinpoint- dark parenthesis. She argues that the development of a national ed facts and covered aspects of this history that were not often Lithuanian identity, which began in 1918, did not come to a com- highlighted in official speeches or by mainstream media. plete stop between 1940 and 1991 — rather, it continued, but in a In the following I will focus on two topics in the case of Lithu- different manner. Arguing for Lithuanian independence was of ania — the Soviet period and the Jews. course strictly forbidden — but paying attention to Lithuanian culture, language and history was permitted. It was even encour- The Soviet period aged, and the Russians saw this as an important message to the Some years ago I visited the GDR Museum in Berlin. There you Poles who had occupied the Vilnius area during the interwar can get an idea of how​​ everyday life was in the communist state period. — what the homes looked like, what people worked with, what This permissive stance from Moscow was utilized by the lead- they did in their spare time, what they bought. In Lithuania ership of the Communist Party in Lithuania. The party was led there is no such museum of everyday life during the Cold War. by a Lithuanian, while the number two always was a Russian.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2018 Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany William Peter Fitz University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Fitz, William Peter, "Reactionary Postmodernism? Neoliberalism, Multiculturalism, the Internet, and the Ideology of the New Far Right in Germany" (2018). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 275. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/275 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REACTIONARY POSTMODERNISM? NEOLIBERALISM, MULTICULTURALISM, THE INTERNET, AND THE IDEOLOGY OF THE NEW FAR RIGHT IN GERMANY A Thesis Presented by William Peter Fitz to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In European Studies with Honors December 2018 Defense Date: December 4th, 2018 Thesis Committee: Alan E. Steinweis, Ph.D., Advisor Susanna Schrafstetter, Ph.D., Chairperson Adriana Borra, M.A. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter One: Neoliberalism and Xenophobia 17 Chapter Two: Multiculturalism and Cultural Identity 52 Chapter Three: The Philosophy of the New Right 84 Chapter Four: The Internet and Meme Warfare 116 Conclusion 149 Bibliography 166 1 “Perhaps one will view the rise of the Alternative for Germany in the foreseeable future as inevitable, as a portent for major changes, one that is as necessary as it was predictable.
    [Show full text]
  • VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 1 • 2018 Aims and Scope
    VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 1 • 2018 Aims and Scope Critical Romani Studies is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal, providing a forum for activist-scholars to critically examine racial oppressions, different forms of exclusion, inequalities, and human rights abuses Editors of Roma. Without compromising academic standards of evidence collection and analysis, the Journal seeks to create a platform to critically engage with Maria Bogdan academic knowledge production, and generate critical academic and policy Central European University knowledge targeting – amongst others – scholars, activists, and policy-makers. Jekatyerina Dunajeva Pázmány Péter Catholic University Scholarly expertise is a tool, rather than the end, for critical analysis of social phenomena affecting Roma, contributing to the fight for social justice. The Journal Tímea Junghaus especially welcomes the cross-fertilization of Romani studies with the fields of European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture critical race studies, gender and sexuality studies, critical policy studies, diaspora studies, colonial studies, postcolonial studies, and studies of decolonization. Angéla Kóczé Central European University The Journal actively solicits papers from critically-minded young Romani Iulius Rostas (editor-in-chief) scholars who have historically experienced significant barriers in engaging Central European University with academic knowledge production. The Journal considers only previously unpublished manuscripts which present original, high-quality research. The Márton Rövid (managing editor) Journal is committed to the principle of open access, so articles are available free Central European University of charge. All published articles undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial Marek Szilvasi (review editor) editorial screening and refereeing by at least two anonymous scholars. The Journal Open Society Foundations provides a modest but fair remuneration for authors, editors, and reviewers.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981-1988
    FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 1981–1988 VOLUME III SOVIET UNION, January 1981– January 1983 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington 388-401/428-S/40008 03/01/2016 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1981–1988 Volume III Soviet Union, January 1981– January 1983 Editor James Graham Wilson General Editor Adam M. Howard United States Government Publishing Office Washington 2016 388-401/428-S/40008 03/01/2016 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Historian Bureau of Public Affairs For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 388-401/428-S/40008 03/01/2016 About the Series The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the U.S. Government. The Historian of the Department of State is charged with the responsibility for the prep- aration of the Foreign Relations series. The staff of the Office of the Histo- rian, Bureau of Public Affairs, under the direction of the General Editor of the Foreign Relations series, plans, researches, compiles, and edits the volumes in the series. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg first promul- gated official regulations codifying specific standards for the selection and editing of documents for the series on March 26, 1925. These regu- lations, with minor modifications, guided the series through 1991. Public Law 102–138, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, es- tablished a new statutory charter for the preparation of the series which was signed by President George H.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Writing and Writing Courses
    TEXT creative TEXT Journal of writing and writing courses ISSN: 1327-9556 | https://www.textjournal.com.au/ TEXT creative Contents page Poetry Richard James Allen, Click here to allow this poem to access your location Gayelene Carbis, Oranges Edward Caruso, Potsherds Becky Cherriman, Christina Tissues a Script (or what my Otter app misheard) Abigail Fisher, A un poema acerca del agua Carolyn Gerrish, Aperture Lauren Rae, Hemispheric March Script Cailean McBride, Be Near Me (after In Memoriam) Prose Julia Prendergast, Mothwebs, spinners, orange Patrick West, Pauline Laura Grace Simpkins, Vanilla Phillip Edmonds, Giving it away Rosanna Licari, Fiona and the fish Georgia Rose Phillips, On the Obfuscations of Language Diane Stubbings, From Variation for three voices on a letter to nature Ariel Riveros, Planetary Nephology Calendar App Dean Kerrison, 2 stories Lachie Rhodes, The Silver Locket Tara East, Story Monster Ned Brooks, This is Not a Film TEXT Vol 24 No 2 October 2020 www.textjournal.com.au General editor: Nigel Krauth. Creative works editor: Anthony Lawrence TEXT poetry Richard James Allen Click here to allow this poem to access your location TEXT Journal of writing and writing courses ISSN: 1327-9556 | https://www.textjournal.com.au/ TEXT poetry Richard James Allen Click here to allow this poem to access your location I couldn’t lasso it but I drew a line from there to here and swung between [Michigan] and the moon. Richard James Allen is an Australian born poet. His latest book is The short story of you and I (UWAP, 2019). His writing has appeared widely in journals, anthologies, and online over many years.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Lucrările Seminarului Geografic Dimitrie Cantemir Vol. 42, October 2016, pp. 109-134 http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v42i0.11 They established Pojorta’s residents of Olt Country Pojorâta of Câmpulung? Ionel Boamfă1, Ioan Ciungara, Viorel Străjeriu 1 Faculty of Geography and Geology, ”Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania To cite this article: Boamfă, I., Ciungara, I., Străjeriu, V. (2016). They established Pojorta’s residents of Olt Country Pojorâta of Câmpulung?. Lucrările Seminarului Geografic Dimitrie Cantemir, Vol. 42, pp. 109-134. DOI: 10.15551/lsgdc.v42i0.11 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v42i0.11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISSN: 1222-989X www.seminarcantemir.uaic.ro © Editura Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași, România. This is an open access article under the CC BY. LUCRĂRILE SEMINARULUI GEOGRAFIC “DIMITRIE CANTEMIR” NR. 42, 2016 THEY ESTABLISHED POJORTA’S RESIDENTS OF OLT COUNTRY POJORÂTA OF CÂMPULUNG? Ionel Boamfă1, Ioan Ciungara2, Viorel Străjeriu3 Abstract. The article tries to demonstrate whether, and to what extent, there is a possibility that the present locality of Pojorâta from the former district of Câmpulung Moldovenesc, having been founded by natives from the village Pojorta of the Făgăraș Country. In support of the idea are brought documentary, statistical, cartographic and onomastic arguments. A probable, even possible migration, should be passed through
    [Show full text]
  • The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project PETER B. SWIERS Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: June 6, 1994 Copyright 2 2 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Ne York (Brooklyn) Ne York University ROTC (Army) Entered Foreign Service - 19,1 Athens, .reece - Consular Officer 19,1-19,4 Papandreous Relations Environment 0isas 01P visits Frankfurt, .ermany - Rotation Officer 19,4-19,, Trade center Evacuation plan Environment State Department - Operations Center 19,,-19,2 Organi3ation 0ietnam State Department - Staff Assistant to Harriman and 0ance 19,2-19,9 Harriman-4ennedy relations Operations 0ietnam Peace Talks (Paris) Paris student riots De .aulle Presidential elections Bombing halt The 67ise 8en9 1 Armed Forces Staff College 19,9-1920 State Department - FS1 - Russian Language Training 1920 8osco , USSR - Consular Officer 1920-1922 Relations Environment Protection cases Environment Security Dissidents .overnment Nixon visit Berlin, .ermany - Protocol 1922-1923 Soviet relations Felix Bloch State Department - ACDA 1923-1924 Executive Secretary to SALT delegation State Department - Policy Planning Staff 1924-1922 7inston Lord Operations Yom 4ippur 7ar Oil embargo China ASEAN 4issinger .reece Latin America Harriman?s 8osco visit - 192, Jackson-0anik Harriman and Tito President Carter Br3e3inski State Department - EUR - Security and Political Affairs 1922-1929 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe East-7est relationships NATO Human rights Confidence building measures ACB8sB 4uala Lumpur, 8alaysia 1929-19C1 U.S. commitments 2 Soviets State Department - PoliticalE8ilitary Affairs 19C1-19C3 Arms control Nit3eE4vitsinsky 67alk in the oods9 1ran hostages Office structure Soviets 8issiles 1NF Chemical eapons Atlantic Council 19C3-19C5 Harriman?s 8osco visit Soviets NATO Pacific forum Copenhagen, Denmark - DC8 19C5-19C2 Politics NATO Faroe 1slands .reenland 8issile defense issue U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Porajmos Edito
    ROMA MEMORY PORAJMOS EDITO I DEDICATE THIS RESEARCH ALBUM TO JE DÉDIE CET OUVRAGE À TOUTES CELLES ET CEUX ALL THOSE WHO, TODAY, LIE BENEATH QUI, AUJOURD’HUI, GISENT DANS DES FOSSES GARDENS, BENEATH FLOWERED FIELDS, COMMUNES SOUS DES JARDINS OU DES CHAMPS ENVELOPED AND FORGOTTEN IN THEIR FLEURIS SANS AUCUN MÉMORIAL. MASS GRAVES - WITHOUT A MEMORIAL. A TOUS LES PHOTOGRAPHES ET LES CAMÉRAMANS TO ALL THE TALENTED PHOTOGRAPHERS TALENTUEUX ET, SURTOUT, AUX ÉQUIPES DE AND CAMERAMEN WHO GAVE A JEUNES ROMS QUI, SÉJOUR APRÈS SÉJOUR, ONT VISUAL TRACE TO OUR RESEARCH. BUT RECHERCHÉ LES VISAGES ÂGÉS BIEN SOUVENT ESPECIALLY TO THE TEAMS OF YOUNG CACHÉS À L’OMBRE D’UNE PIÈCE BIEN TROP ROMA, WHO SO CAREFULLY AND SIMPLE ET QUI PORTAIENT EN EUX, DEPUIS DILIGENTLY, TRIP AFTER TRIP, SOUGHT 70 ANS, LA MÉMOIRE ET LES BLESSURES DES OUT THE ELDERLY FACES HIDDEN IN THE ACTES GÉNOCIDAIRES DES NAZIS ET DE LEURS SHADOWS OF HUMBLE HOUSES, WHO COLLABORATEURS. ARE THE LAST TO CARRY THE MEMORY AND THE WOUNDS OF THESE GENOCIDAL TOUT CE DÉVOUEMENT FUT NÉCESSAIRE POUR ACTS COMMITTED BY THE NAZIS AND RENDRE UN PEU DE DIGNITÉ À CELLES ET CEUX, THEIR COLLABORATORS 70 YEARS AGO. HOMMES ET FEMMES, QUI GISENT DANS NOS CHAMPS. ALL OF THIS DEDICATION IS NECESSARY TO RESTORE DIGNITY TO THOSE MEN, CET OUVRAGE CONSTITUE, POUR MOI, UN APPEL WOMEN, AND CHILDREN WHO LIE IN À L’EUROPE QUI NE PEUT SE CONSTRUIRE SUR OUR FIELDS, WAITING FOR SOMEONE AUCUNE FOSSE COMMUNE, Y COMPRIS CELLES TO NOTICE THEM, TO REMEMBER THEM. DES ROMS. THIS RESEARCH ALBUM CONSTITUTES, PÈRE PATRICK DESBOIS FOR ME, A CALL TO EUROPE.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Dissertation Draft Revised Final.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School ICT AND STEM EDUCATION AT THE COLONIAL BORDER: A POSTCOLONIAL COMPUTING PERSPECTIVE OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL INTEGRATION INTO ICT AND STEM OUTREACH IN BRITISH COLUMBIA A Dissertation in Information Sciences and Technology by Richard Canevez © 2020 Richard Canevez Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2020 ii The dissertation of Richard Canevez was reviewed and approved by the following: Carleen Maitland Associate Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Daniel Susser Assistant Professor of Information Sciences and Technology and Philosophy Lynette (Kvasny) Yarger Associate Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Craig Campbell Assistant Teaching Professor of Education (Lifelong Learning and Adult Education) Mary Beth Rosson Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Director of Graduate Programs iii ABSTRACT Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have achieved a global reach, particularly in social groups within the ‘Global North,’ such as those within the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. It has produced the need for a computing workforce, and increasingly, diversity is becoming an integral aspect of that workforce. Today, educational outreach programs with ICT components that are extending education to Indigenous communities in BC are charting a new direction in crossing the cultural barrier in education by tailoring their curricula to distinct Indigenous cultures, commonly within broader science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) initiatives. These efforts require examination, as they integrate Indigenous cultural material and guidance into what has been a largely Euro-Western-centric domain of education. Postcolonial computing theory provides a lens through which this integration can be investigated, connecting technological development and education disciplines within the parallel goals of cross-cultural, cross-colonial humanitarian development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Power of Definition. Stigmatisation, Minoritisation1 and Ethnicity Illustrated by the History of Gypsies in the Netherlands*
    THE POWER OF DEFINITION. STIGMATISATION, MINORITISATION1 AND ETHNICITY ILLUSTRATED BY THE HISTORY OF GYPSIES IN THE NETHERLANDS* LEO LUCASSEN Introduction Various groups of immigrants have settled in the Netherlands over the past centuries. This process generally took place without big problems, apart from the almost ritual phase of a not very flattering stereotype, with the result that none of the original immigrants still exist as a group. There are no German, Huguenot or southern Dutch minorities left. The history of Jews and gypsies was quite different. Although they have lived in the Netherlands for centuries, they have always stayed minorities. The question is why? Was integration or assimilation blocked because they were totally ‘different’, or was the attitude of the host society to blame? In this article I will restrict myself to the gypsies and try to shed some light on this hitherto unsolved problem by means of an historical analysis. I use the term ‘stigmatisation’ (following Van Arkel 1985) because there was (and is) a lot of confusion about who should be considered ‘gypsies’. Contrary to studies that start from the assumption that it is mainly a matter of self-definition, 1 consider that stigmatisation can stimulate group formation – and along with it ethnic consciousness – to a great extent. Two aspects of ‘stigmatisation’ are distinguished for analytical purposes: a) the dissemina- tion of negative ideas about a specific group (stigma) by an authoritative body; and b) the attachment of this stigma on specific groups (labelling) A separate analysis of labelling is of paramount importance in situations where it is unclear who is considered as a group-member; this was the case not only with gypsies, but also with other groups such as homosexuals and political opponents.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia
    religions Article A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia Anita Stasulane Faculty of Humanities, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils LV-5401, Latvia; [email protected] Received: 31 January 2019; Accepted: 11 March 2019; Published: 14 March 2019 Abstract: In the early 20th century, Dievtur¯ıba, a reconstructed form of paganism, laid claim to the status of an indigenous religious tradition in Latvia. Having experienced various changes over the course of the century, Dievtur¯ıba has not disappeared from the Latvian cultural space and gained new manifestations with an increase in attempts to strengthen indigenous identity as a result of the pressures of globalization. This article provides a historical analytical overview about the conditions that have determined the reconstruction of the indigenous Latvian religious tradition in the early 20th century, how its form changed in the late 20th century and the types of new features it has acquired nowadays. The beginnings of the Dievturi movement show how dynamic the relationship has been between indigeneity and nationalism: indigenous, cultural and ethnic roots were put forward as the criteria of authenticity for reconstructed paganism, and they fitted in perfectly with nativist discourse, which is based on the conviction that a nation’s ethnic composition must correspond with the state’s titular nation. With the weakening of the Soviet regime, attempts emerged amongst folklore groups to revive ancient Latvian traditions, including religious rituals as well. Distancing itself from the folk tradition preservation movement, Dievtur¯ıba nowadays nonetheless strives to identify itself as a Latvian lifestyle movement and emphasizes that it represents an ethnic religion which is the people’s spiritual foundation and a part of intangible cultural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Partisan General Jonas Žemaitis– Vytautas
    PARTISAN GENERAL JONAS ŽEMAITIS– VYTAUTAS GENERAL JONAS ŽEMAITIS MILITARY ACADEMY OF LITHUANIA ALFONSAS EIDINTAS DARIUS JUODIS GINTAUTAS SURGAILIS PARTISAN GENERAL JONAS ŽEMAITIS–VYTAUTAS Vilnius, 2019 The bibliographical references of this publication are available in the National Bibliography Databank (NBD) of Lithuanian National Library of Martynas Mažvydas. Editor in Сhief Andrius Tekorius Translator Jūras Barauskas © General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania, 2019 © Alfonsas Eidintas, 2019 © Darius Juodis, 2019 © Gintautas Surgailis, 2019 ISBN 978-609-8074-93-2 4 Foreword / 9 1 The Childhood and Young Years of Jonas Žemaitis. Military School / 15 2 Officer of the Lithuanian Army / 21 3 Studies of Artillery Warfare in France / 29 4 Last Years in the Lithuanian Military. Occupations / 37 5 The Road to Resistance / 47 6 The Beginning of Anti-Soviet Partisan Warfare / 53 7 The First Year as Partisan / 61 8 Personal Drama / 73 CONTENTS 9 Territorial unit Commander / 77 10 Partisan District Commander / 85 11 Žemaitis’s Efforts to Unify the Partisan Movement / 95 The Establishment of the Movement of the Struggle for Freedom 12 of Lithuania and the Declaration of 16 February 1949 / 101 13 Commander of the Freedom Fighters / 113 14 Serious Illness / 119 15 In Captivity / 127 Afterword / 135 Sources and Literature /140 Index of Names / 143 CONTENTS 5 Abbreviations UDRM – United Democratic Resistance Movement (Lith. BDPS – Bendrojo demokratinio pasipriešinimo sąjūdis) LFA – Lithuanian Freedom Army (Lith. LLA – Lietuvos laisvės armija) LFDU – Lithuanian Freedom Defenders’ Union (Lith. LLGS – Lietuvos laisvės gynėjų sąjunga) MSFL – Movement of the Struggle for Freedom of Lithuania (Lith. LLKS – Lietuvos laisvės kovos sąjūdis) LLB – Lithuanian Local Brigade (Lith.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Memory and Politics of History in Lithuania in 1989–2018
    119 Professor Alvydas Nikžentaitis The Lithuanian Institute of History, Vilnius, Lithuania ARTICLES CULTURE OF MEMORY AND POLITICS OF HISTORY IN LITHUANIA IN 1989–2018 Abstract This article aims to analyse the transformation of the culture of memory in Lithuania and the most important directions of Lithuanian politics of history in the period from 1989 to 2018. While discussing these questions, special attention is paid to the role of political factors (internal and external) and inter- state relations, as well as to changes in the relationship between Lithuania’s culture of memory, and the cultures of memory and identity of the national minorities in Lithuania. The paper emphasises the processes of transformation of the Lithuanian culture of remembrance which started around 2005, when it was most recently updated. The research material presented herein shows that Lithuania’s culture of memory is full of contradictions and conflicts, and that its central figure has changed. Keywords: culture of memory, politics of history, identity, inter-state relations, national minorities Financial disclosure: The article has been written as part of the research project “Modernisation of Identity? Challenges of ‘Europeanisation’, Nationalism and Post-Sovietism for Memory Cultures” (No. MOD-17006, supported by the Research Council of Lithuania). Institute of National Remembrance 1/2019 120 n recent years, a number of works have been published on Ithe culture of memory and politics of history (Erll, Nünning 2008). I have discussed the terminology of these concepts in other publications (Nikžentaitis 2013, pp. 517–538), throughout which one can clearly see a certain trend: these concepts are often used interchangeably (synonymously) (Łuczewski and Bednarz-Łuczewska 2011), although in my opinion they should not be.
    [Show full text]