The NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OCTOBER, 1941 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS April 19, 1941

OFFICERS P r es~den t, Dr. E. J. Kraus, Chicago, Ill. First Vice-President, Dr. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C. Secretary, Miss Cary B. Milholland, Washington, D. C. Treasurer, Mr. Henry Parsons Erwin, Washington, D. C. DIRECTORS Terms Expiring 1942 Terms Expiring 1943 Mrs. Walter Douglas, Chauncey, N. Y. Mrs. Robert H. Fife, New York, N. Y. Mrs. J. Norman Henry, Gladyne, Pa. Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut Hill, Mrs. Fairfax Harrison, Belvoir, Farquier Mass. Co., Va. Mr. Alfred Maclay, Tallahassee, Fla. Mr. B. Y. Morrison, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott, Media, p.a. Dr. Donald Wyman, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr. clerbert P. Dyckman, Pres., Mr. A. F. Truex, Pres., American Begonia Society, American Rose Society, 1050 East 19th St., Tulsa, Oklahoma Long Beach, Calif. Mr. Wm. T. Marshall, Pres., Cactus & Succulent Society of America, Dr. Robert T. Gausen, Pres., 327 North Ave., 61 American Fern Society, Los Angeles, Calif. Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca. N. Y. Mr. James H. Porter, Pres., Camellia Society of America Mr. W. J. McKee, Pres., Macon, Ga. American Iris Society, Dr. S. E. Taylor, Pres., 45 Kenwood Ave., Delphinium Society, Worcester, Mass. 241 Lexington Ave., Mansfield, Ohio ur. Earle B. White, Pres., American Peony Society, Mrs. John H. Cunningham, Pres., . 1726 Eye St., N. W ., Herb Society of America, Washington, D. C. 53 Seaver St., Brooklin-e, Mass. Mr. Walter D. Blair, Pres., Mrs. William Beaudry, Pres., American Rock Garden Society, Midwest Horticultural Society, Tarrytown, 100 North Central Park Blvd., New York. Chicago, Ill.

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1940 Akron Garden Center, American Fuchsia Society, 226 South Main St., Miss Alice Eastwood, Secretary. Akron, Ohio. California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Gub, San Francisco, Calif. Mrs. Joseph P. Crockett, President, 819 Prince St., California Garden Club Federation, Alexandria, Va. Mrs. Chas. P. McCullough, American Amaryllis Society, Box 114 Altadena, Calif. Mr. Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, Winter Park, Fla. California Horticultural Society, American Begonia Society, Miss Cora R. Brandt, Secretary, Mr. Herbert Dyckman, President, 485 California St., 1050 East 19th St., San Francisco, Calif. Long Beach, Calif.

Publication Offi ce, 32nd St. and Elm Ave., Baltimore. Md. Entered as second-class matter J anuary 27, 1932, at the Post Offi ce at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club, Lake Washington Garden Club, Mrs. E. B. Bunting, Mrs. Thoma~ Balmer, P res. , 3726 Windom Place, N. W., 3500 46th Ave., N . E., Washington, D. C. Seattle, Wash. Chevy Chase (Md.) Garden Club Liambias House, Mrs. R. Seabury d'Espard, St. Augustine Garden Club Centre, 19 \-\T. Thornapple St., St. Augustine, Fla. Chevy Chase, Md. Michigan Horticultural Society, Community Garden Club of Bethesda, Paul R. Krone, Secy., Mrs. Robert Corry, Pres., Horticultural Building, 156 Custer Road, East Lansing, Mich. Bethesda, Md. Midwest Horticultural Society, Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club. Mrs. Walter J . Scott, Secy., Mrs. W . F. Rust, President, 4921 W. Huron St., Leesburg, Va. Chicago, Ill. National Capital Dahlia Society, Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Mr. George U. Graff, Vicinity, 242 Pea,body St., N. W., Mrs. Charles Bosworth, President, Washington, D. C. 220 E . Locust St., North Carolina Garden Center, Wilmington, Ohio Miss Violet H olt, Federated Garden Clubs of Maryland. 500 Webb Ave., Mrs. Edward H. McKeon, Pres .. Burlington, N. C. Room 300, The Belvedere. Northern N ut Growers Association, Baltimore, Md. Dr. A. S. Colby, Pres. , Forest Hills Garden Club, Urbana, Illinois. Mrs. E. Barr, Pres., Ohio Association of Garden Clubs, 3623 Chesapeake St., N. W., % Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Washington, D. C. 2005 Edgecliff Point, Cincinnati, Ohio. Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. East Boulevard at Euclid Ave., Rock Garden Society of Ohio, Mrs. Frank Garry, Librarian, Cleveland, Ohio. 5800 W yatt Ave., Kennedy Heights, Garden Center Institute of Buffalo. Cleveland, Ohio Delaware Park Casino, Seattle Civic Garden Center, Buffalo, New York. 1908 Fourth Avenue, Garden Centre, Seattle, Wash. % Iveys Store, T akoma H orticultural Club, Ashevi ll e, N. C. Mr. R. H . Fiedler , Garden Club of Gloucester, 7100 8th St., N. W ., Mrs. N. S. H opkins, Librarian. Washington, D. C. Nuttall , Va. The Little Garden Club of Sandy Spring, Garden Club of Illinois, Mrs. Douglas Whitlock, Pres., Shop 312, Palmer H otel, Sandy Spring, Md. Chicago, Ill. The Pittsburgh Garden Center, Garden Club of Nashville, Schenley Park, Mrs. Robert F. Jackson, Pres., Pittsburgh, Pa. 3606 West End Ave., The San Francisco Ga rden Cl ub. N ashville, Tenn. Room 133, Fairmont Hotel, Garden Club of Virginia, San F rancisco, Cali f. Mrs. John G. Hayes, Tri-County Garden Club, R. F. D. No.2, Miss Lilian Lawrence, Sec'y, Richmond, Va. Bell s.treet School, Clinton, S. Gary Garden Club, C. Mrs. Roy Watts, Treas., The Trowel Club, 106 N . Hamilton St. , Mrs. Walter W yatt, Pres., Gary, Ind. 1702 Kalmia Road, N. W., Washington, D. C. Georgetown Garden Club, Washington Garden Club, Mrs. Walter J. Harrison, Mrs. Charles E. Riordon, 1430 - 33rd St., N . W ., 1425 Montague St., N. W., WashiIlgton, D. C. Washington, D. C. H ome Garden Club of Denver, Wisconsin Ga rden Club Federation, 800 Monroe St., Mrs. C. H . Braman, Pres., Denver, Colo. Waupaca, Wis. Homeland Garden Club, Woodridge Garden Club, Mrs. Guy Warfield, Jr., Pres., Mr. A ugust P .Hofmann, Pres., 314 T hornhill Road, 1716 Evarts St., N. E., Baltimore. Md. Washington, D. C. Indian Head Garden Cl ub, Worcester County H orticultural Society, Mrs. Frank A. Bolton, 30 Elm Street, Pomonkey, Md. Worcester. Ma s. The National Horticultural Magazine , Vol. 20 Copyright, 1941, by THE A'IERICAN HOllfflCULTURAL SOCIETY No.4

OCTOBER, 1941

CONTENTS

P lant H unting 111 A laska. \~1 ALTER BEEBE \VILDER ______23 7

The Camelli a. GEORGE GRA VES ______245

A Gar den of Sweet Perfume. HELEN M. Fox ______253

The Illusive I vy-VI. ALFRED BATES ______260

Rock Garden Notes:

Cornell Rock Gardening Studies. \N ARREN C. \~T ILSO N ______266

Rhododendron )J otes : Notes on R hododendron Species at the University of California. P. H. B R Y DO N ______271

A Book or Two ______277

The Gardener's Pocketbook : Pa,ssijlora qua,dral'lglllaris 279

A 11 th ol'yza l' C'vo lll ta ______281

Two Dittanies. RACHAEL CAUGHEY ______283 From the M id\.yest Horticultural Society. ELDRED E. GREEN ______284 Pinus strobl/s. Rosa Harison's Yell ov\! . Ccltis oceidelltalis. Double Forms of O ur \Nild Roses. STET'HEN F. HA;"IBLIN ______285 A New Device fo r Layering. T. B. M CCLELLA ND .______288 Daffodils at Swarthmore. EDW IN C. POWELL ______288 Three Interesting Foreigners. SARAH V. COOMBS ______291 The Brilli ant )Jerines, Can You ?\Ta me This F lower ? Sch izostylis [OCCl11ca .

Index to V olume 20 ______295

Publi shed quarterly by The American Horticultural Society. Publi cation office. 32nd St. and ~ l m Ave., B altim ore, Md. Edito rial office, Room 821 , 'Vashington Loan and Trust Building, Wash· lngton, D. C. Co ntribu tions from all members are cordially inyited and should be sent to the Editorial office . . A ~ ub sc l'iption t.o the ma.gazine is in cluded in the ..lnnun l dues to all members; to nOll-memb ers the prtce IS sevent.y·fhoe cent s t,he COP)', three dolhl1's a y ear. [ ii ] Walter Beebe Wiider

EchilWpal70x horridq,(11'l, Devil's Walking Stic l~ Plant Hunting in Alaska

W ALTER BEEBE WILDER

To A NY Chechahco (the Indian name There are patches, parti cularly in for newcomer or tenderfoot) Alaska damp hollow , of a plant wi th enormous ~ ignifies a wild r omantic region per­ leaves and occasional clusters of bril­ petually covered with snow and in­ liant red berries whi ch succeed its habited by Eskimos and bearded pros­ spike of whi tish flowers. It is often pectors. The appearance of Juneau. higher than one's head and the terrify­ Alaska's capital, in July is a very defi­ ing array of reddish thorns and prickles ni te shock to one harboring thi s im­ along its stems make good the implica­ pression. tions of its name. Devils ""alking Sti<:k The town nestles comfortably at the or Echinopano,r: horridum. If you slip base of Mt. Juneau and Mt. Roberts when you're climbing and try to grasp whose summits are certainly snow-cov­ it, "horridul11" is scarcely the word. ered but the Eski mos and bearded pros­ Despite the worst intentions, it is a pectors are conspicuously absent. very handsome shrub. The flower lover will be surprised to Pyrola seC'1ll1da is e\'erywhere with find stocks, nasturtiums, delphinium its graceful curvi ng five-inch stems of and lilies thriving in practically every greenish fl owers. The white sprays of dooryard. In fact almost any plant Tio:rella trifoli-ata stand out surprisingly whidl can withstand a rainy season will from the shadows. do well. Not colel, but 140 inches of In glades or spots where the woods rain or the equivalent in snow a year are more open, the fin e whi te spikes is the enemy. This heavy precipitation of S pimea ac~t7l'linata always appear accounts for such glaciers as Menden­ showi ng off their graceful sprays three hall, Taku and others which are the or fo ur feet above the stolid and in­ largest in the world as well as for the different heads of the northern yar­ fine growth of timber on the lower row (Achillea. borealis). Here, too. mountain slopes. one is almost certain to find the red The searcher after wild flowers will and yellow columbine. Aqllilegia for­ find the trail up Mt. Roberts well worth mosa, larger and sturdier than the A. while. Much of the way the moun­ canadensis of the East but also more tain is almost vertical and the trail zig­ sparing of bloom. There is likely to zags back and forth, maki ng a n easy be a quantity of A1'l1ica latifolia, its yel­ climb through a fine forest of Sitka low stars a foot or so from the ground. spruce and western hemlock. Many of Naturall y, it will be no surprise to the trees attain to six feet in diameter encounter in these open spaces the despite very shallow soil and the pre­ ubiquitous but, none-the-less handsome. ci pi tous slope. Fireweed whose tall tapering spikes ot As in the woods of New England rose-colored flowers teeter so danger­ and eastern Canada. the tiny dogwood, ous!y on the brink of magenta from C01'/II(S canadellsis is everywhere un­ coast to coast. The accuracy of this der foot but here it does not grow with com111on name was never very apparent qui te the enthusiasm whi ch it displays to me until I saw a burned-over area in the East. of several hundred acres in \ Vashing- [237] 238 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

{,Valter Beebe HI ilder A Garden H Oll se i'll JUll eau . A la slw Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 239

IlVa.!te·r Bee /J I? I·Vi/der Strealll nea." Junea,ld, A laslw 240 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct.. 1941 ton whi ch was li terall y covered with dumps of the A. J. Gold Milling Com­ the plant. It had even outstri pped the pany. It seems incredible that, from blueberries in its redecorative effort under his very feet, thirteen thousand and cast a weird rosy veil over the tons of pulverized rock are added to blackened ground as fa r as the eye these slender gray fingers every twenty­ could see. fo ur hours, transported at that by the very streams of which he is suddenly Less well known but. to my mind, aware roari ng at hi s back. more beautiful is the dwarf Epilobiu1n latifoli 1( 111 whi ch, at Juneau wanders Anv weariness from the long climb trom sea level fa r above timber li ne, vani shes li ke mist from the valleys be­ almost to the edge of the snow. The low as he gazes at the long succession fl owers are about the same color as of snow-clad peaks across the Chann el those of its relative but very much or the in tri cacy of waterways to north larger and 'borne somewhat more and south or, best of all , the meadows, sparsely. At the base of Mendenhall cliffs and snow fi elds yet to be sur­ Glacier it actually trespasses upon gla­ mounted. cial detritus which is underlain by ice. The fl ora shows an even more pro­ As with so many plants whi ch seem to nounced change. Most of the plants seek out hazardous homes, its growth from below whi ch persist above timber­ in these locations is more compact but li ne seem a li ttle alarmed as if the whole no less, and sometimes more, fl o­ thi ng had been a mi stake. A quilcgia riferou . formosa hardly dares show a fl ower; It would certainly not be fitting to Co rn us ca ll ade ll sis makes itself as small proceed above til11 ber-line without men­ and scarce as possible. Sanguiso rba ti on of the Alaska lupine, L1,tp i'l'I u,s sitchensis. whose fragrant white two­ lI oo tlmt(, lI sis, whose cl ose-flowered blue foot spikes and serrate foli age decorate and white racmes are so spectacular the lowland roadsides. seems more or in southern Alaska. Low meadows are less cheerful fo r a little way but soon often covered fo r acres with the gray disappears. O nly the lesser fireweed furry fo li age and handsome spikes of seems perfectly at home. blo0 111 . U nfo rtunately although the H owever. there is no lack of plants; plant strays into the heights, it suffers they merely change to typical alpin e there and defini tely puts its worst foot fl ora. T he li ttle aconite, ACO ll itUl/1. forward. cha17l isson iaml 1ll is everywhere among T imber-line on M t. Roberts is a sud­ the grass with its large dark-blue fl ow­ de n and startling change. F rom dense ers never near enough together to make all-enclQsing forest the climber passes much of a show. E qually modest is at a step into a region of treeless alpi ne F ritiUaria ca ll1 sc hatc(, lI sis whose nod­ meadows. Instead of the close-packed ding bells on fo ur to eight-inch stems vertical pillars of spruce and heml ock are so dark a browni sh- purple as to be he is confronted with a prospect limited almost bl ack. onl y by haze and the earth's curvature. The pale pink blooms of Erigero ll Gastin eau Channel which, from below, perigri'l'lu1'1l. show up unexpectedly in had all the majesty of a Hudso n or the grass singly or in groups, with fl ow­ Mississpipi seems now merely a broad ers an inch or more across and stems blue ribbon with its clean surface varying from six to eighteen inches ac­ marred by the strangely fi ll gersha ped cording to the pres m e of their neigh- Oct. , 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL :'IAGAZI NE 241

HI a/l er Beebe T,V i/d er

Epilobiulll latifoliu l1L 242 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1941

Wa.lter Beebe I,Vi/der Epilobi'lIll/ allgllstifoliull/ Oct. , I

[if/ aller B eebe Wilder S ilel/ (' {l c{lulis 244 THE NATI02JAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941 bors. One plant of the hi gh meadows after a time found myself in a desertecl which seems unconcerned with its C0111 - mining camp, as wierd and lonely a panions is Castilleja /Jarviflora, a n In­ place as I have ever seen. dian Paint Brush which refuses to hold Buildings were windowless. ma­ its raspberry-colored head higher than chinery lay rusting, test-tunnels exhaled twelve inches regardless of surround­ a cold draft into the gathering dark­ ings. Its relative in this strange para­ ness. A dded to my troubles was the sitic fa mily, C" . pallida, is more suscep­ fact that numerous pale flowers beamed tibl e to envi ronment and is tall (to two at ale fr om the margin of the mountain feet) when its neighbors are tall and stream which I elected to descend. I low growing when they are likewise. dared not stop to identify them. It even shows its yell ow green head As I reached the bottom of the valley far below timber-line on occasion. I ran across a small shack. The last I had alm ost reached the snow Ii ne ray of sunli ght between the peaks shone and glimpsed a tuft of Si/I' J/ I' acaulis through a window and guess what it when I reali zed that dusk "vas de:3 cend­ illuminated; not a rare phnt but a case ing. Instead of sensibly fo ll owing the of dynamite! Civilization at hst. regular trail I skirted the summit a nd Brol1,1'7Jille, N . Y. The Camellia

GEORGE GRA YES

THE camellia is now enj oying a re­ member of the tea fam il y, which family vival of interest. in greenhouses in the has such nati ve American representa­ North and in the open in southern and tives as Stewartia and Franklinia, both west coast gardens. This present spurt of southeastern United States. The lat­ in populari ty ha rks back over nearly ter was long placed in the genus Gor­ 100 years of quiescence to the first halt dania. whi ch was named for James of the 19th Century. Gordon. who after servi ng as a gar­ Many of the varieties which are now dener all the nrst estate in Europe to being grown are vegetative descendants grow camelli as. established the famous of the very plants which bloomed in Mile End Nurseries in London in 1742 the greenhouses of plant hobbyists and became. seemingly, the nrst com­ along the eastern seaboard 100 years mercial grower of camellias.2 ago. During the long interval when In generaL camelli as may be looked camellias were out of favor, many va­ upon as being evergreen trees or shrubs ri eties . through negligence or lack of with lustrous, alternate leaves and per­ interest, lost thei r labels, others were fect fl owers which are borne one at a sub j ected to multiple rechristenings. ti me in the axils of the leaves. Gar­ and still others dropped from sight al­ deners are interested principally in but together. two of the approximately 45 species of Still another form of present con­ camellia whi ch have been fo und in fusion is the result of the persistence of tropical and subtropical Asia-Ca 711 eU-£a old names currently attached to quite japo l1ica and C. sasanq na. 3 unauthentic materiaL It is not at all Both of these species were known unusual for several clones with quite to European botanists before they were different fl owers to be offered under brought into culti vation in the Occ;­ the same wel! established old name. dent. There is a picture of the so-called sometimes on the same catalogue page. 1 scarlet-rose tea (c. japo'nica) in t!l e J list as the plants are confused and first vo lume of James Petiver's "Gazo­ confusing, so also is the literature which phylacium Naturae et A rti s," published has grown up around the cultivated in the first decade of the 18th century.4 camellia. One unskeptical author has Petiver has it li sted as Thea chincnsis copied the other or has set down con­ pimel1tae /a11'la icc11sis folio 1'oseo. flor e c1usi ori s at which he has jumped rather 'roseo and not fl are plena as mi squoted than arrived, with the result that there by Claudia Phelps.:; The plant which seems not to be in English anv COlll­ Petiver illustrated was single pi nk or, plete and accurate hi storical account as he put it. "roseo simplici." of how the camellia got from the Orient It must be remembered that Lin­ to wide development and di stribution naeus had not yet created the name in western Europe and America by the "camellia" and applied it to these openi ng of the 19th Century. It is worth plants. while to try to get at the straight rec­ The next important li sting after Peti­ ord of the plant's westward migration. ve r was Kaempfer's "A 111 0eni ta­ Botanically, the camellia is an Asiatic tum Exoticarum." published in 1712.

[ 2451 246 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct.. 194]

Kaempfer li sted both species of ca­ arrived in Europe in a condition to mellia together with numerous variants, permit their safe handling. under the Japanese name of T subakki. One of the difficulties encountered - There. was San Sa. vulgo J amma in several of the attempts at import­ Tsubakki for C. japo1'iica, and Sasanqua ing the tea plant was that, after suc­ Tsubakki, etc. Incidentally. Kaemp­ cessfully overcoming the hindrances to fer's drawing of C. ja,po'l1ica, probably the importing of li ve plants of some age, made from life in the Orient and show­ those plants turned out to be, not the ing a seven-petalled fl ower, is sti ll one tea' plants in China, but rather camel­ of the best. (; li as. This e1isconcertin~ experience The camellia, particularly C. japollica came to Linnaeus about the middle of with single and double, white, red. and the 18th century.n A lso. somewhat purple fl owers, had long been culti­ later. to the King of France, and to vated in the Orient on an ornamental J aIm Ellis in London.10 The idea seems basis7 Its introduction into European to have bee n held by numerous in­ gardens was evidently a by-product of terested Europeans that the crafty the attempts of numerous 18th century Chinese were not anxious to give up Europeans-including the g reat Lin­ the true tea plant and thus lose the sale naeus-to bring the tea plant of com­ of tea, which at that time amounted to merce into occidental cultivation. Much a monopoly. Hence, plants which close­ energy and ingenuity was expended Iv resembled those of the tea were sub­ before J ohn Ellis was able to write to stituted. In the case of the two camel· Linnaeus fr om L ondon in 1769 that lias which l ,agerstroem brought to " 1 make n;) doubt that by this t im e Linnaeus in 1755, EllIS claimed thaI twelvemonth we shall .have many hun­ the Chinese had pulled off the blossoms dred plants of the true tea growing in to e1eceive the European sail or at the England."8 But in the meanti111 e. much time he was I uyin g them. This See:11S grief had been enco untered. For in­ to be in line with Osbeck's story 01 stance, Osbeck got a living tea-tree as how. in hi s voyage to China. about far as the Cape of Gooel Hope only to 1750, he bought from a blind man on have it wash overboard in a stor111. :-\ n­ the srteet a camellia "which had double other li ving tea plant. consigned ap­ white and reel fl owers. ,. But Osbeck parently to Linnaeus. was actually goes on to say. "By further observing brought as far as the Cattegat by a it in my room. I found that rhe flowers Scandinavian ship's captain only to be were taken from another: and one stripped of its bark in a single night calyx ",'as so neatly fixed in the other by rodents. This sort of tribulation i:; with nails of bamboo, that I should all too familiar to gardeners. whether scarce have found it out if the flowers of the 18th or the 20th centuries. Or. had not begun to wither. The tree it- as Linnaeus summed it up. "So adverse elf had onl y buds but no open fl owers." i Fate on some important occasions." The same idea is 'carried over into It seems that the shipping problem European cultural literature in the first was finalh' solved, aher a number of mention of camellia in \i\Tilliam Curtis' experiments fostered by E lli s. by im­ "Botanical Magazine"ll which says porting. not plants, but seeds which that the firm-textured blossoms are were specially treateel tll preser ve thei r "apt to fall off long before they have viability or which were SOw n sometime lost their brilliancy : it therefore is a during the long voyage home and thus practice with some to stick sllch de- Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINF 247 ciduous blossoms on so me fresh bud contributions tv man s Kllowlecige of where they continue to look well for a natural hi story. Latinized hi s name be­ considerable time." The same idea was came Camellus, and Petiver's Thea, expressed by Chan dl er and Booth some Kaempfer's Tsubakki, E dwards' and years later. Collinson's Chinese rose took the name Linnaeus published the name camel­ of Camell ia. 16. 17 lia in hi s "Genera P lantarum" in 1737, As stated before, Linnaeus published without making reference to the man his name Camell ia in 1737. The record who was being commemorated12 With­ of earli est culti vation of the plant in out doubt, the genus was named in E uropean gardens is placed by the sec­ honor of George J oseph KameJ.l3 ond edition of the Hortus Kewensis­ Kamel was born in 1661 in the City apparently based on evidence supplied of Brunn in Moravia, once a portion by that inveterate letter writer, Peter of A ustria but more recently kn OW 11 Collinso n-as being in the garden of as Brno. Czeckoslovaki a. Robert James Lord Petre at Thorndon In 1682 Kamel entered the Society Hall, in Essex, in or before 1739. 18 of J esus as a lay brother. He was prob­ How, from whom, and exactly when ably never ordained, since in 1688, Lord Petre O'ot the plant or plants is only six vears after entering the Jesuit not clear. Judging from the painting of Order, he is repo rted to have set out one of Lord Petre's plants as rendered for the Marianne Islands, better known by the artist George Edwards, and as the Ladrones, and devoted himself from Edwards' accompanying text, it to botany and pharmacy. He later was a few-petall ed red or pink variety opened a medical clinic for the treat­ co mparable to those illustrated earlier ment of the poor of Manila. Death came by Petiver and Kaempfer. There is to Kamel in Manila in 170614 some evi dence of doubtful authenticitv During hi s active years. Kamel stud­ bhat Lord Petre also had a white-flow­ ied the natural hi story of the Philip­ ered variety; also, that Collinson had pines and transmitted his findings to be some camellias in hi s own garden.19 publi shed in E urope by such men as Then, there is a report that those John Ray and J ames Petiver, both in earli est plants were thought to be much their own publi cations and as in termit­ more tender than they actually were tent contributions to the P hilosophical and hence were killed after a few sea­ Transactions of the Royal Societv of sons by the mistaken kindness of being London. 15 grown in an extremely warm green­ Despite the stori es which Inve fo ulld house. 2o However, Collinson reported their way into numerous horticultural that during a visit to Lord Petre's wid­ publications, there seems to be no posi­ ow in 1746--about four vears after tive evidence that Kamel ever saw a the young nobleman's death - among camellia . much less had anything to do other plants in the vast collection of with its introduction into western gar­ tender species whi ch were still d o in ~ dens. The genus does not grow wild in well at Thorndon Hall was Rosa chi­ the Philippines and apparently Kamel nel1sis. By thi s he meant camelli a and did not botanize on the Continent of not the true R. chil1ensis whi ch did not Asia or in Japan. Thus, it would seem come into cultivation until 1768. some that Kamel's connection with the genus twenty years later. 3a Camelli a consisted elltirely posthumous Although Co llinson spoke of this honor granted him by Linnaeus for his ro e- like plant ~rowing in a stove or a 2-+8 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct. , 1941

tropical greenhouse, he had previously ematical possibilities. Of course, the written of a Chinese tea tree which was variety got off to a bad start when Mor­ growing happily in a temperate Eng­ ren's original publication spelled it 17 li sh greenhouse along with oranges. :1 three different ways, all of them By the end of the 18th Century the ca­ wrong. 24 The present spelli ng seems as mellia, as well , had become a recog­ right as any. ni zed orangery plant. Some years later Beginning with John Slater's impor­ its ability to thrive outdoors in lower tation of the double white and the vari­ temperate or sub-tropical areas was rec­ egated red varieti es of C. japonica ogni zed. through the agency of Captain Connor The camelli a did not become impor­ of an Indiaman in 1792 (or -93 ?) . tant in Europe horticulturally until to­ other oriental garden forms followed ward the end of the 18th Century. As qui c kly . 2~ The double red, the anem­ stated above, the plant had arrived at one-flowered or \i\Taratah, the fringed various ti mes in Sweden, England, and white, the varieties \Vellbanki i and France by 1770 as a stand-in for the tea Pomponia and others-some of which plant. The records of all these earl y were to be famed later as seed parents importations are none too cl ear. Also, -came in in the next few years. usual­ concerning thi s period and of later de­ ly by arrangement between individual Ye lopments, there have grown up sto­ garden owners and ships' captains. ri es and traditions \"ihich seem to have Chandler and Booth in 1831 listed 16 little or no foundation in fact. For in­ garden varieties as being of Chinese stance, Le T exnier's history of the ca­ origin. The single white variety which mellia21 s'tated that the plant was men­ apparently was late in coming into gen­ tioned in the catalogue of the Cam­ eral cultivation is reported by some to bridge Botanic Garden in 1742. Thi have been imported from the O rient. 2G statement is puzz ling when it is re­ Chandler and Booth, however, stated called that the Botanic Garden at Cam­ that this last was raised from seeds in bridge University did not get under­ England by Messrs. Rollinson about way until 1762 and that the first edi­ 18 14.27 tion of D onn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis By this time camellia interest was did not appear until 1796.22· 23 Evi­ high and becoming widespread, both in dently, Le T exni er mi sread an earli er England, on the continent. and along statement in the Herbier General de the A tlantic seaboard in the United I' A mateur which pointed out that the States. Interest in direct importation early editions of B ortus Cantabri gien­ from the Orient slackened and growing sis li sted the niant as bein g in England and selection of seedlings was under­ as early as 17-+2. Later editions of the taken on a very large scale. The first latter foll o \~' e d H ortus Kew'ensis in named seedling variety of European 23 moving the date forward to 1739. :1 raising was apparently exhibited by a There as been other confusion, too. man named Ross at a show of the Roy­ principally as regards the spelling of al Horticultural Society in 1824.28 names : for in stance. the varietal name These early 18th Cntury co ll ~ctio n s Donkelaarii, evidently given to a plant were increased by methods little dif­ brought home by Si ebold and named ferent from those which Cunningham after two famous Belgian gardeners. and older travelers had observed amon'S' . father and son. can be found spell ed in the Chin ese in the previous century . almost as many ways as there a re math- Seeds. however. were seldom formed Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL ~IAGAZ I NE 249 without artificial pollination. This lat­ til 1785 and did not go to Charleston ter practice led to the idea of calling until sometim e in 1786, at the earliest. unusual seedlings hybrids. As in the There is a South Carolin a record re­ case of interfertilizing the garden forms ported by H. A. M. Smith that a deed of the commOn lilac, the parents being to "Goose Creek. F rench Ga rden" was all representatives of the ame specie, passed to Michaux on X oyember 3, the offspring are, of course, not hybrids 1786aI Unfortunately, that portion of in the true sense. M ichaux',s J ournal recordi ng hi s move­ Camellias were also increased vege­ ments from t he time of his arrival in tatively by layering, cuttings, and vari­ New York in October, 1785, until ous ways of grafting. In recent years, April 19, 1787, is not extant. O n the grafting methods have given way large­ latter date, however, he notes : "Venu ly to own-root processes, principally de Chariest. a la P lant.,'· th us indicat­ cuttings. ing the previous establishment of the The first camellia to reach America Charleston nursery, in which he assem­ was apparently the single red type bled American plant material for ex­ which J Ohl1 Stevens, of Hoboken, New port to France. 32 Jersey, imported from E urope in 1797. Michaux is also reported to have in ­ Three years later, M ichael Floy, later terested ,himself in the importation of a prominent New York nurse ryman, fo reign plants into the U nited States. brought a plant of the double whi te Tihi s phase of his A merican experience vari ety from England to add to M r. is supposed 1:0 have been most active Stevens' collection. New England was during 1790 and 1791 when contact not far behind, because in 1806 J ohn with E urope was broken by war be­ P rince had also received a plant of the tween England and France. Deleuze double whi te through J oseph Barrell states that Michaux naturali zed several of Charlestown. Massachusetts. Fur­ Asiatic trees. "the seeds of which he ther collections were assembled in Phil­ had procured from A meri can captains adelphia, Baltimore, and other cities. trading to China."33 The camelli a By 1826 (or -27) William Prince could well have come to Charleston by publi shed a cataIogue li sting no less this means. However, Deleuze does than 53 available varieties. not li st i,t with other Michaux intro­ There is also the legend that the first ductions sLlch as the tall ow tree, the ca melli as in the U nited States reached ,scented oli ve, the silk-tree, or the Per­ the neighborhood of Charlest on, South sian pomegranate. \iVhether NIichaux Carolina, before 1785 . through the actuall y imported all these rilants into agency of A ndre M ichaux, a plant the U nited States for the first time is and wi ldlife coll ector sent out from problematical, since in a letter to J ohn F rance. 2D . 30 Three of what are sup­ E lli s dated March 21, 1774. Dr. Alex­ posed to be origi na l Michaux plants are ander Garden reported having a year­ reported to be still alive in the recently old specim en of tbe tallow tree 8a Nor restored garden at Middleton P lace. did J ohn Drayton li st either the camel­ ,1-\nother has been reported still grow­ li a or the tea among the exoti c plants in ing in the neighborhood of the fo rmer cultivati on in the Charleston area in Michaux garden. 180284 That thi s tale has lost nothing in the Although di rect tradin g \,vith the Ori­ telling seems indicated by the fact that ent was not reported by Drayton. it is :\fichaux did not arriye in A meri ca un- pos ibl e to assume that the camelli a 250 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTU RAL MAGAZI NE Oct. , 1941 might have come to South Carolina as q'u.a is a much less strong-growing a substit ute for the true tea plant of plant, of loose, straggling habit, with commerce, just as had happened in Eu­ fl owers usually solitary and terminal, rope years before. H owever, it seems rather than lateral as in the case of th e more likely that the Charleston camel­ C. jaP 011Jica. In the type plant known li as came to thi s coun try from Europe usually as L ady Bank's camellia. whi ch expressly for garden ornament. By Captain Vvelbank brought from the 1770 the British and French had im­ O rient in the E ast Indiaman Cuff nels ported both camellias and tea plants. in 1811, the white fl owers are small In 1774 Dr. Garden reported so wing and open in ovember and Decem­ 27 tea seeds received from J ohn E llis in ber. " In general, C. sasanqu.a bears England through the agency of a re­ closer resemblance to the tea plant of turned traveler named Blake. sn VlTheth­ commerce than does C. japo nica . In er Garden's seeds developed in to plants horticulture, its habi t of blooming early is not certain. H owever, tea as such is is of considerable importance and in­ menti oned in one or two reports soon terest. after 1800. The hi gh point in camelli a in terest O ne anonymous co rrespondent to the seems to have been in the 30's, 40's and "Southern Agriculturist" wrote in 1830 50's of the 19th Century. It was then ~ h at he had seen tea growin g 25 years that 3everal a uthors. such as Chandler p r ev i o u ~ l v on Skidaway Island, at the and Booth in E ngland and the Abbe mouth of the Wilmington R iver near Berlese in Fra nce, published volumes Savannah,s5 Another unknown writer which together contained hundreds of in the Slme peri odi cal had stated two colored plates illustrating desirable va­ years earli er that the tea pl ant had hl d rieties. Evidently, Berlese wrote hi s its start in the Carolinas in the Charles­ " Iconographie" as a cameIIi a book to ton nursery of P hili pe Noisette about end camel1i a books. and yet some years 1913. From the meager records avail ­ later Verschaffelt in Ghent publi shed able, it appears certain that the serious 13 volumes. each co ntaining 48 colored culture of the tea plant was rest'ricted plates of vari eties mostly unto uched by to that nursery for at least 15 or 20 previ ous authors.3s. 39. 40 And so the years.36. 36". 37 Co nsidering N oisette's li st of varietal names went on length­ French conn ecti ons. it is quite possible ening. Anyone who takes the trouble that he had so mething to do with the to examine these older books - and growing of the Ii rst ca ll1 el1 ias in South there have been no new ones of im­ Carolina. portance sin ce that time-will realize Thus, the a rrival in Charleston of ca­ just how diffi cult or, in some cases, mel1i as remain s a matter for conjec­ futile it is to torv to identify plants of ture. \Vhen. whence. how and through old varieties which have lost their la­ wh om they came is a3 yet an unsolved bels. A nd. of course, not all camelli as problem. of 100 years ago were named and in­ The so-cal1ed type and vari ants of trodu·ced. There were large coll e-ct i ns C. ja,pon1:ca are known in the South as of un named seedli ngs. simply japoni cas. Th:s species is less The Abbe Berlese did try to bring tea-like in aspect and has la rger fl owers order in to the cultivated camellia situa­ whi ch appear later in the season than tion by suggesting in h is monograph of do those of that other important spe­ the genus two systems of classifica­ cies, C. sasa17qua . In aspect, C. sasall- tion.41 Oue was based on "ascending Oct., 1941 THE NATIO! AL HORTICU LTURAL ~lAGAZINE 25 1

chromatic gamuts, of the tones and Int­ 3. Rehder. Alfred, J1rJa nua,1 of Cu lti­ ural shades of the fl owers. " The other z'ated Trees and Shrubs, Second Edi­ system took into consideration the tion, New York, 1940. pages 633, 63.4. shape and arrangement of the fl ower 3a. Same. Page 449. parts. The first editi on of Berlese's 4. Petiver. James. Gazophylaciu,." monograph was translated by Henry Natura.e et Arf1's, London. 1702-09, A. S. Dearborn. first president of the P late 33, fig. 4. ~i[assachu setts Horticul tural Society. 5. P helps, Claudia. A Short Histor'y and was published in Boston by Joseph of Ca'mel/ias, Bulleti n of the Garden Breck & Company in 1838. The classi­ Club of America. July, 1934. fication based on flower fo rm did not 6. Kaempfer, Engelbert, A II/o ellita ­ appear in Berlese's monograph until tum. E_r:otiwnI111, Le'/llgoviae, 1712. later editions and, hence. is not con­ pages 850-853. sidered in Dearborn's translation. This 7. Thunberg. Carl Pehr, Flo'ra Ja­ is the svstem which. with some modifi ­ pOl'liw, Lipsiae. 1784. page 273 . cation, is now being used widely in the 8. Smith, James Edward. A Selec­ U nited States. It can be studied in its ti011 of the Corres pO ll de1'loCe of LiN l/ ae'HS present form in l\Irs. Phelps' contribu­ and Othe1' Na.t uralists. London, 1821. tion to the Bulletin of the Garden Club Vol. I. pages 109-10. 148. 154. 162. of Ameri ca of March. 1940. 176, 193, 232, 241, 246. Another important and often over­ 8a. Same. Vol. I, pages 571, 591, looked Boston contribution to camelli a 601, 602. literature was the seri es of articles writ­ 9. Lettsol11. J ohn Coakley, The Nat­ ten for Hovey's magazin e by Marshall uml Hist01'Y of the T ea~ T1-ee, London, P. Wilder-heginning with its first is­ 1799, Second Edition. page 9, footnote sue in 1835. Also . there was hi s paper 2; page 51 , footnote 3. on pollination and seedling raising in 10. Ellis. J ohn, Di1-ec tio1'ls fOT B1-ing­ the Transactions of the Massaohusetts iN g Over Seeds and Pla.llts fro111, the Horticultural Society about 1847. East Indies and Othe1' Dista.nt Coun­ Most of the many books on camellia tries, in a Sta.te of Vegetati'011. London. discuss their cultural requirements to 1770, page 28. footnote. some degree. However, the most com­ 11. Curtis's Botanical Magazine. plete and the only exclusively Am eri­ London, 1787, Vol. I, plate 42. can treatment of the subj ect was writ­ 12. Linnaeus, Carolus, Genera, Plan­ ten by Robert J. Halliday. and pub­ tm-um., Leyden, 7737, page 208. li shed in Baltimore in 1880. For years 13. Miller, Philip, The Ga1'de'I'bMS it remain ed the last signifi cant contri­ and Botanists Dl;Ct7:01/.Q.1'Y, 9th Ed.jtion. bution to important camelli a literature. Corrected and A rranged by Thomas :V[ASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL Martyn. London, 1807. SOCIETY. 14. Summervogel, Fr. Carlos, Bib­ liotheq'ue de la C0117pag'lIi f de Jesus. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brussels, Paris. 1891. 1. Fruitland N urseries. N nrser:.' 15 . Kamel. Georg J oseph. H istoria C;u,id(', A ugusta, Georgia, 1940-1 941. Sti,rpiu111 JNs/./lac L lf ::;O llis ct Philippi­ page 22. Group No. 1. na,rum. (In Ray, John . Historia. Pla.N­ 2. Loudon. T. C. ArlJo'retu'/'II ft F1'u­ tanl.?"" London, 1704, Vol. TIl.) tiC('t lflll B ritt~lIi c1'((I "'I' , London, 1844. 16. E dwards. George, A iVatw'al \ . oi. 1. pages 77. 78. Histor." of Birds. London. 1747. Part 252 TH E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

II, plate 67. 31. Smith, H . A. NI.. Goose CI'ee l~. 17. Richardson, Richard, Extmcts Fre'/1,c h GG.1'den, S. C. H istorical and from the Lite'rm'y and Scientifi c C01'­ Genealogical Mag. 24 :8-10, 1928. l' espolQdence, Yarmouth (Eng.), 183 5, (Transcribed fo r the author by Dr. R. Letter CLIV, page 393. J. \ iV ilmot, of the U ni versity of F lor­ 17a. Same. Letter CLIII, page 39 1. ida. ) 18. Aiton, \V . T., Bartus Kewensis, 32. Michaux, Andre, Journal, with Second Editi on, London, 1810, Vol. an introduction and notes by Charles IV, page 235. Sprague Sargent, Proceedings A meri­ 19. Brett-James, Norman G., Life of can P hi losophical Society, Philadel­ Petel' Collinson, London, ( 1926?), phi a, 1888, Vol. XXVI. No. 129. page 56. 33 . Deleuze, M em,oirs of the Life and 20. Loudon, Mrs. Jane Webb, La­ ota.nical Travels of Al1dl'e Michaux, dies' Flower-Garden of Orna11'bental Annals of Botany, Vol. I, London, G'reenh.Ot£se Plants, London, 1848, page 1805, pages 338, 345. 43. 34. Drayton, J ohn, A View of SOt£th 21. Le Texnier, Le Cam.ellia, Paris, CG.1'olil'L(J;, Charleston, 1802, pages 84- 1911 , page 5. 87. 22. P reston, F. G., Ul1ive1'sity Bo­ 35 . Anon., R emar!?s 011 Fntit T I'ees tanic Garden in Cam.bridge. J ournal of and the Introduction of New Al'ticles the Royal Horticultural Society, Lon­ of Culhwe in the Sou.thern S tates. don, 1940, Vol. LXV, page 174. Southern Agri culturist. Vol. III, 23. Lindley, J ohn, Hortus Ca1'ltab1'i­ Charleston, 1830, pages 185 -1 86. giensis, 11 th {ldition, London, 1826, 36. Anon., BI'ief Notes M/' Agricul­ page a2. tq,wal Resources of South Carolina , 23a. Mordant de Lounoy & Loise­ Southern Agr i c u lt u ~ist , Vol. I, Charles­ leur-Deslongchamps, B el'bier General ton. 1828, pages 17-1 8. de l'Ama.teU1', Pari s, 1816. Vol. I, page 37. Bachman , J., All Address Deliv­ 43. e1'ed before the H O1,ticult ll ral Society of 24. Morren, Ch., Horticu. lte~w Belge, Cha.1'lesto'l'l, July 10, 1833. Charleston, May, 1834, Vol. II, page 63, plate 29. 1833, page 25. 25. Andrews: Henrv. BotaNists Re­ pository!, London. 1797, plates 25, 91. 38. Berlese, Laurent, Abbe, JCOI'lO ­ 26. B otmqical Register, Vot II, L on­ graphie d~£ Genre Camellia, T hree vol­ don, 1819, plate 353. umes, Paris, 1841-43, 300 colored 27. Chandler, Alfred, and Booth, VV. plates. B., The Plan ts which Compose the Nat­ 39. Verschaffelt, Ambrosius, N 01,(­ uml Order Ca,mellieae and the Va1'ie ­ velle J co nogl'Q,Ph1:e des Cam.ellias, ties of C a11'bellia ] ap01'l1:ca, ' London, Ghent 1848-60, 13 volumes each con­ 193 1, plate 17. taining 48 colored plates. For complete 27a. Same, plate 5. -index see reference No. 40. 28. W ilder, Marshal P., Obsel'va­ 40. Morreu, Edouard and De Vos, ti·O'l'lS on Ca11'l ,ellia, American Garden­ Andre, iudex Bibh:ogmphique de l'H01'­ ers Magazine, 1835 , Vol. I, pages 13- t~tS Belgicus, 1887. pages 395-425, pub­ 17. lished by la Federation des Societes 29. Gardens of Co lony al'l.d State, d'Horticul ture de Belgique. New York, 1934. Vol. II, page 259. 41. Berlese, Laurent, Abbe, M 0170 - 30. P ringle, Henrv F ., The 200th gmph:ie dt~ Genre Call1>e lz.ia , Par-is, 1837. YeG.1' , Colli er's Magazine, New York, E diti on II. Pari s, 1840, E di tion III. April 12. 1941. page 80. Paris, 1845. LO/l!is .B uhle Fragrant Ga1'den

A Garden of Sweet Perfume HELEN M. Fox

ALL GARDENS are supposed to be In planning a Fragrant Garden one sweet smelling. H owever, there are should not have all the scents of the many plants in our borders such as same family or all of them sweet, but dahlias, gladioli and most of the tuli ps should introduce a few plants with bit­ which are scentless and grown for their ter or piny scents to contrast with and colors, or delphiniums grown for their enhance the fl owery. Yet, no matter stately spire-like inflorescences. Not all how carefully the flow ers would be people agree on what is agreeable in placed to waft forth thei r fragrance in fragrance. Some li ke the odor of rue or rhythmic sequence, wind and weather hyssop which is unpleasant to others. -dampness, frost or rain-would alter and there have been men or women the intensity and quality of the em a­ who do not like the scent of tuberoses. nance of scent from the glands in the It is not only the fl owers which are fra­ leaves and fl owers. grant but frequently the leaves, though Most fragrant plants come from these sometimes give forth their per­ warm climates and do best in a sunny fume only when they are rubbed be­ situation, where they have protection tween the fin gers or bruised. In me­ from the north bv a wall or shrubbery. dicinal plants and perfume herbs the Except the min ts which thrive in a seeds and roots are sometimes fragrant. clamp place, all other herbs prefer a [ 253 1 254 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1941 somewhat sandy soil and good drain­ grey leaves, furnish poetic enclosures age. There are many plants with fra­ and still nearer to Mexico the garden grant fl owers at home in the woods but could be framed with Salvia Greggii they will not be included in this paper varieties with white as well as rose-col­ whi ch is devoted to a mall perennial ored fl owers intermingled. The three garden growin g in the sun. last mentioned have fragrant leaves as Chinese and Japanese artists plan welI as fl owers. F rom South Carolina their gardens for solitude and medita­ down. OSlllanth/./ s jragraJls or Osmoll­ tion and furnish them with sy mboli c thus Dela,vayi with glossy foliage and stones, plants and streamlets to evoke deli ciously scented flowers make sturdy the concepts of their religious beliefs. hedges. A.mericans plan their gardens for out­ \\-hen the garden is small. a hedge of-d oor rooms and to look like pictures. co mposed all of one kind of shrub pro­ They use the plants for line and color vides unity and looks better than one but wi thout a deeper significance. As of many varieties and species. but the with all pictures. a frame gives the gar­ collector of fragrant plants might pre­ den depth and precision and emphasizes fer a mixed frame to his garden in or­ the end and beginning of the composi­ der to have as many plants as possible tion. The frame can be a clipped hedge in a small space. or naturali stic shrubbery. \Nhen the If the frame is composed of a mixed hedge is to be strictly archi tectural in sh~ubbe r y, in the back, there might be line, no plant is better than box, J]uxus astra wberry-bush. C alyea 11th us flori­ semperv-ir el'l.s. which has enclosed pleas­ dus, with shiny leaves and pompon-like ances .from the days of classical antiq­ dark red blossoms strongly fragrant of uity down to the present era. The trawberries. leaves are particularly fragrant after Beside the strawbern'-bush would :-ain, after they have been clipped and rise Vite ... Neg'U,ndo ill cisa. South of when the hot stln shines on them. The Philadelphia, V. Agllus-castus would ;;mell is warm and reminds one of old he included. Vitex .Yegulldo ·il1cisa ti me colon ial or European gardens with comes from northern China. Mongolia brick paths and geometri cally patterned and Korea and as might be expected. beds. As an ending in the north. Buxtts is perfectly hardy. The shrub grows to /I'licroph'ylla. lwreana takes the place of ten feet high and is wide-spread and Edging Box, Bux'u,s s{'/'/'Ipe1'VVrens s'uf­ every part of it is characterized by a fruticosa. and makes a low spreading smooth elegant texture. T he leaves are plant. green all winter but with a slig,ht divided into five leafl ets which are yell ow cast. In the north. arborvitae, spread fa r apart and impart an airy Carolina hemlock and some of the juni­ look. T hey are "parrot green." the pers also proviclt- fragrant, exact look­ longest measure four inches in length ing frames. and fo ur and a half across and they \Nhen the hedge is not to he clipped mell agreeably of pine blendecl with a it could be composed ot Sweet Briar flowery guality. The fl owers grow in roses. Rosa rnbig1' lI osa, having leaves spike-like racemes, are labiate. of " li ght fragrant of resin when wet by rain. violet" and the lower lip has a white South of New York. rosemary. wi th furry hump and a violet line down the light blue fl owers blooming in the short center. They exhale a fragrance of heli­ clays of late winter and early spring and otrope and bloom from mi d-July until lavender with violet spi res ri sing from after a hard frost ill October. Vite.1: Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 255

Agl1us-castus, called chaste-tree. hemp­ creased easily fr om cuttings a nd de­ tree or monks' pepper- tree, comes from velop into new plants so quickly they southwest Europe and western Asia. can be treated as annuals, if the gar­ The leaves are palmate and the spires dener has a greenhouse. The stems are of flowers are blue in the type, white in much branched and covered with bloom alba and pink in rosea. while the leaves are ovate, roundedl), Another member of the mint fami ly toothed ha lE way down from the tip and for the shrubbery is mint shrub. El­ dark shiny green above and g rey-green sholf::ia StaulItoni. It is hardy . al­ on the under surface. The fl owers, in tholwh it dies back a li ttle during the flat clusters, two together, grow to one winter in my Peekskili garden. The side of the stem. O ne of the five-point­ shru"s require a sunny situation and ed lobes topping a tube-like calyx ex­ the plants thicken in a short while and tends into a lip. The exserted stamens. can b~ increasecl from divisions, a also "beards," of grey-blue, are tipped with from cuttings. The stems are tiff and dark blue filaments and gi ve the flower rid"ed. The thin-textured leaves are cl uster a fuzzy look. H owever, though poi·,t~d at both en ds, wider below the the leaves are fragrant the fl owers cente'-. toothed along the margi ns, ex­ smell a li ttle like dogs in wet weather. cept the lower fo urth and measure one A vari ety called sllpc;'ba rosea has rose­ and 'l. InlE inches arross and five inches colored fl owers larger than in the type in lenc;th. They are yellow green, gla­ and there is also a white form . brr"" o and smell of mint when rubbed Since the s'tems are prostrate P e'rov­ between the ' fingers. The fl owers are s!?ia abrotall oides can be planted in arran'Ted in spire-like inflorescences front of the shrubbery. The whole about five and a half inches lo!).g and at plant is redolent of rosemary. The th ~ tPrmination of the branches. They square stems as well as the much pin­ are horne to one side of a velvety plum­ nate leaves are grey and the slender tinted stalk, are tiny, close together, spikes of violet fl owers a re simii:tr to and pink tin ted lavender, " light those of the lavenders but much small­ n13.'-.v ,= ," with pistil and stamens ex­ er. Perovskia prefers a warmy sunny serted and of the same color as the co­ place and is readily increased from cut­ roll:ts. They smell deliciously of forget­ tings. me-nots, keep well in water and bloom If there is a sunny slope sweet fern, from the end of A ugust deep in to Sep­ C o1nptol1ia peregrina, a shrub two feet tember. Recently a form called Pa1'­ or so hi gh, furnishes an excellent cov­ q'lI hari has come into the market whid1 ering. The plant, although called "per­ diff ~rs from the type in having larger egrina," which means forei gn, is nati ve fl owers of a deep "amparo purple" from Nova Scotia to North Carolina shadecl "violet purple." and westward to Indiana. Near my A plant with a suede-like surface and garden it is found on dry, somewhat foJ:a ~e fragrant of pine is blue-beard, acid banks and always in the sun, but Ca1'),opteris inca11a, which opens its in culti vation it grows in the shade too. clu, ters of slaty blue fl owers the latter The pendulous brown catkins come in h ~ IE of September. The bush is about early May and under them a re the cone­ two feet high and although Mr. Rehder shaped feminine inflorescences. The li sts it for Zone VII it is hardy when in cbarm of the plant consists in the slen­ a heltered position in mv garden, der leave . so regul arly and deeply which is Zone V. The plants are in- to othed as to appear pi nn ate, and giv- 256 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 194 1

Origal'lll1'11 vulga1'e Oct. , 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 257 ing forth a scent of bay leaves, with a clumps of pot ma rjoram, Origambm dash of lemon a nd orange peel. vulgare. The white-flowered fo rm, to Closely related to sweet fe rn, being my taste, is more elegant thaa the pink. of the same fa mily of lVI yri caceae and Sweet marj oram, Ori:gamt£m lIlfar j01-a­ also smelling of bay, are the Myricas. na) is not as pretty but is more strongly Like the sweet fe rns, once the Myri­ fragrant. It has to be treated as an cas are establi shed they increase in to a nnual in the North. There would be colonies likely to smother other plants. sage, Salv ia officinalis) handsome w ith Bayberry, Jt![ 3'1'ica jJ el7J1sylvallica, grows grey puckery leaves and in July with well along the seacoast fr0111 N ewfound­ spires of blue. white or pink bloo ms, land to Maryland and makes a spread­ Clary sage, Salvia S darea) adds to the ing plant two feet high. The grey beauty of a fl ower border with its virile branches are oddly dotted with round looking humpy, hai ry leaves and tall orange glands as a re the leaves. The spires of bloo m. or rather of conspicu­ leaves are glossy green. narrow, wider ous fl oral bracts. iridescent with pink­ above the center. toothed along the top blue tones . wi,th wavy margins and a prominent There are many relatives of the herbs central vein . The fruits co ming after which have not been put to practi cal the catkins are grey, have glands and use. yet have fragrant fl owers a nd fo li­ look shrivell ed. They ftJrni shed the age and a re attracti ve looking and an wax fo r coloni al candles, colored them additi on to the Garden of Sweet Per­ clark green, a nd caused them to give fume. A mong them are other sages. forth a bay-like perfume as they fli ck­ Salvia pa.te11s ) from the mountains of ered in pewter holders on oaken tables. Mexico, is a half hardy perennial in Sweet gale, Myrica. Gale, is fo und in cold climates and the roots have to be E urope and northeastern Asia as well stored indoo rs over the winter. The as N ort h A merica and has narrower fl owers are large and of an exqui site and less hairy leaves than bayberry and pale blue. Also from Mexico, peren­ is not as good looking. ni al and not hardy north of V irginia No fragra nt garden wo uld be com­ is pineapple sage, Salvia 1,%tila17s) with plete without its quota of true herbs. leaves fragrant of pi ne apple and with plants used for medicine, perfume or br-illi ant scarlet fl owers which bloom fl avor. There ' would be win ter savory, when the davs are short. F rom Asia Sa,t~weja 11'lontana, with glossy aromatic M inor comes Salvia aZ'Lwea g1-andifl ora leave.s bespangled with little white fl ow­ with narrow leaves and fl owers of " dull ers in July and A ugust and alpilla wi th violet blue" crowded into whorls on purple fl owers. The savories with violet- shaded stems, It, too, is peren­ thyme, Thy /1'l!uS vulga r'is, havin g grey nial but can be treated as an annual in fo liage and pink bloo 111 would margin cold climates, since it grows fas t and the beds while the Se1'pylhll ll s in their fl owers the first season. A sturdy per­ infinite permutations would carpet the ennial is pratensis with blue- or rose­ walks, creep between and over stones coLored fl owers on stems two feet hi gh. and sometimes grow in to the lawns blooming in June and, if the stems are where they would repl ace the grass cut back, repeating in September. with their mats of closely grow ing lit­ P1'::;ewa!?sb and vi1'gata are similar to tle green leaves a nd gi ve fo rth a de­ pratensis but much coarser and more licious scent when stepped on, In wild­ shrubby. A biennial salvia very like er parts of the garden t here would be Sclarea is argel/ fra with leaves so hairy 258 THE N ATIONAL HORTICULTU RAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

Margaret DeM. l:orOWIl Salv ia scla1'ea as to be quite grey and spires of small in spikes which a re topped with white whi te fl owers made conspicuous be­ bracts tinted lavender. T he spikes are cause of large sil ve ry bracts subtending numerous, borne at the ti ps of stems them. S a.lv·ia H or7ninul'n is a satisfac­ standing up straight a nd bloom all sum­ torv annual for the fragrall t garden, its mer and when the plant is potted and fl oweri ng spikes terminate in tufts of brought indoors co nti nues to fl ower all dark blue or bright pink leafl ets. The winter. Lava n d u l~ 1'I1 11l tift·da is not as plant is much branched, has fragrant sturdy, at least wi th me, as delltata, has fo li age, grows eighteen inches hi gh and doubly pinnate leaves and the fl owerin-s self-sows from year to year. spike borne at the terminati on of a long The grey-leaved mint, M e11tha 1'0- naked stem. A fe w fl orets open at a t~mdifo li a a1'gentea, has decorative time and the spike is made up of four wooll y grey leaves, spikes of pale-violet rows of blossoms, one dovetailing into fl owers and emits a fragrance of mint the next and twists spirally. Both when it is touched. leaves and fl owers smell slightly of ker­ L avand ~ ll a Spica is a herb properly osene with an unpleasant dash of gaso­ speaking, yet many fo rms of it a re so line. H a rdly a poetic aroma. decorati ve they embelli sh the border O ne seldom thi nks of oll ions as orna­ It has two relatives, li ttle known in ments, yet they are most attractive und gardens and not hardy in the North. bl oo m in mid-summer. Some of them O ne is L MJa11.dula dentata, a handsome have fl owery scents but only until they low shrub with hairv stems and leaves are touched when the characteristi c whi ch are dentate. T he fl owers grow smell a sociatecl \Vit h fi ne cooking is Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 259 emitted. The fl owers of AUi-U1'JIl flav '~£711 cro lll e1'ia rnpestris. It has somewhat are redolent of lily-of-the-valley. A l­ recumbent stems, makes a shrubby, but liu 1'1'b flavu111 is dainty and bears clus­ small plant and has dark green obovate ters of tiny yell ow bells on stalks of dif­ leaves three-eights of an inches long, ferent lengths which hang down, or fragrant of pennyroyal. T he flowers stand up with the still unopened buds are tiny, white. fabiate and sprinkle the among them and all together look like plant as with snow when in bloom. a wind-blown fo untain. Very like it, F rom the usual coll ection of flowers equally pretty and blooming at the same the most fragrant could be brought into time, is plllch.ellu1'1'1 with fl owers of ro­ the Garden of Sweet Perfume. The seate lavender-"Mallow-purple" shad­ season would begin with snowdrops, ed "Phlox-purple"-on darker stalks crocuses. violets and the exceedingly with the effect of a dusty V ictorian and fragrant species narcissi. Later in the li ght colored plum. The flowers are season. Scotch or grass pinks would scentless. A lliM 1,/,! odoru11'1 has greyish fo rm cascades of pink, white or red white balls of fl owers topping stems bloom 011 glaucous stems along the bor­ fo urteen inches or more high and der . and in the back would be clumps smells of heliotrope-but only until it of Phlox pa111culata, their trusses of is touched. The whole plant of men,l­ colored fl owers exhaling a delicious lcum looks steel-blue and the fl owers scent especiall y noticeable ill the eve­ in clusters are "greyish-violet-blue" but ning. In the corners, where their fl ow­ it smalls stronglv of oni on. ers would gladden the eye and thei l' The nepetas are stars of the fragrant foliage stand straight and stiff in pleas­ garden. The scent of their fo li age ing contrast to the spreading Labiatae. sometimes has a sour quali ty but more would be some of the fragrant iris and frequently is a pleasant blend of mint ,dongside of them the low early bloom­ and pennyroyal. N epeta M'bIssi lli is the ing hemerocalli s. Behind them would hest known of the family, has reCUll1- be clumps of fragrant lilies. T he scent bent stems, g reyish leaves and violet­ is sweet in sPecios'l£ln, for11'lOsa 'm£I1'1 and blue fl owers in scattered panicles. Very H e'l1!ryi, very strong in rega.le and posi­ like it is 1i'lel-issa,eafol-ia with furry grey tively headache-inducing in allratu111. lea,'es and loose spikes of bloom. N e­ To fill in the inevitable spaces there peta 1na.crantha and its variety A ndre would be fragrant annuals. Heliotrope, Cha udron have cri sp leaves with mi gnonette. erysimum. sweet alyssum. humpy surfaces and fl owers the color M a.rtyn.·ia. fragra.17s, stocks and calendu­ of some violet irises, borne in elongated las. Sweet peas make a beautiful hedge panicles, so striki ng and so much larger in cool countries where the nights are t han in other nepetas that at first glance long as in Scotland, Ireland or Maine. they look like penstemons. Attractive ~ i cot ian as are fragrant at night hut in ~arly SU111m er but soon growing too like a little shade. rampant is grandiflo'/'G, unless it is cut The plants chosen [or their fragrant hack, when it continues to produce grey leaves or flowers are not always as gay branches with greyish leaves and blue or brilliant as the scentless plants but fl owers. Upright stems characterize no matter how a plant may shimmer Vepeta ll crvosa which has terminal co­ with 'iridescent color or how gracefully ni cal inflorescences composed of crowd­ hear its exqui site fo rm, when it lacks ed whorls of violet-blue flowers which fragrance it also lacks the poetry pos­ hloom all summer long. sessed by manv a humble thyme or .A Ii ttle plant \'ery like a \'ory is Jl1 i- violet. The Illusive Ivy .. VI ALFRED BATES

BECAUSE of the long period which which he had run into a lot of trouble. has elapsed since the July 1934 issue of Scientific? Oh, dear, no! Hardly real­ this magazine in which the question ized what the word meant. He had a was raised as to just what amount of florist's sympathies and was a great authori ty could be accredited to Shirley entertainer on the lecture platform. He Hibberd by students of the genus Hed­ loved to play with an audience. I re­ era, it will be well to recall that the member him on one occasion asking writer had concluded that Hibberd's me, at a meeting in which I was inter­ book should not be taken too seriously. ested, 'Leonard, what shall I do to­ That thi:5 conclusion was justified is night-shall I make them cry or roll proven by the followi ng extract from off their seats with laughing ?' and he a letter written by the late Leonard could accomplish whichever thing he Barron to the editor of this magazine. started out for. H e was a lonesome Under the date of Tove11l'ber 23, 1934, kind of a character .: for many years NIr. Barron wrote: " I have been get­ secretly nursing an invalid wife in his ting a great kick out of the Ivy discus­ home in Stoke, 0:' e\\'ington, England, sions and, particularly, in the July until she died. I don't believe that any­ number-a tremendous amount of at­ body eyer entered that house-I mean tention is given to Shirley H ibberd. I of the gardening people. Then, he knew that man pretty intimately in his moved to Kew and used to visit my later years. Our families were quite father two or three times a week. intimate; in fact, my sister was out to "His amiability, affability, his enter­ a banquet with him the night he died taining personality and the humorous­ and his li ttle daughter was li ving with ness with which he took things in gen­ us at the time. Hibberd was an amaz­ eral, endeared him greatly to the gar­ ing character and one fact that has been dening craft of the day. ' \Then he died overlooked is that fundamentally he a testimonial to hi s memory was raised WaS a hilarious humorist. H e had an by popular subscription as a benefice extraordinary career. His origin no to the daughter. I was a trustee of that one knew-not even myself. He got fund. into journalism in a north London sub­ "Hibberd knew no other language \lrban newspaper and dabbled in sec­ but English. French, German, Latin, ond-hand books. Greek, were absolutelv closed with "He was, essentially, a journalist and him. I remember Botting Hemsley re­ not much else and I imagine that if he marking to me on one occasion that it conceived the solemnity with which he was evident, from Hibberd's writings, is treated by NIr. Bates that even in his he could not understand any other lan­ grave he ,,~o uld be exploding with hilar­ guage-other than English. ious laughter. NIind you, he was hon­ "I think that NIr. Bates' summation est in his way and I imagine that his that Hibberd's Ivy must be relegated attempt at the Ivies was a perfectly to the prettily illustrated parlor books simple, honest effort-to just give some would be in exact consonance with identification tags to a group of plants Hibberd's own ideas. He wrote a lot that interested him and concerning of nonsense consistently. One was [2601 Oct., 194 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 26 1 called 'The Silver Gate with Golden clear descriptions are concerned, the re­ Steps and Patches of Tinsel round sults have not produced as much defi­ about,' a book of nonsense stories that nite evidence as was hoped for. Before he wrote in hi s late years in the hope li sting the material searched through that hi s then infa nt daughter ( by a sec­ it will be well to give a final analysis ond wife) might have something to re­ of Hibberd. member the humor that was in her T he large majority of his names can­ father because he knew he would never not stand under the stri ct adherence to li ve long enough to, himself, tell her all the rule of pri ori ty; how closely we the funny stories he wanted to. That is hould fo llow this rule is a question to not hearsay, it is exactly what Hibberd be decided later. His use of the word told me himself. synonym is altogether misleading for " It is quite true that Hibberd was, he quite definitely states that the names to so me extent, vainglori ous. He, him­ li sted as synonyms were names under self, delighted in hi s acting capabilities . whi ch he obtained the vari ous plants I coul d tell vou about a very curious and at no ti me does he say that he made story about him ;-as a satirist and I1L1- any effort to eliminate any such mi s­ morist, but the biggest joke of all is takes. His method in this would be that anybody should really take him se­ comparable to a person, who had 0 1' ­ n ous. dered the roses "La France," "Pink "Yours faithfully, Dawn" and "Bria r- cliff" and Iud re­ "LEONARD BARRON." ceived "Radiance" fo r each, maintain­ ing that "Radiance" was a synonym fo r But Hibberd cannot be dismussed as the three. easily as that because botani sts who T hen too we cannot, in every case, have worked with the genus have given even depend upon his descriptions for him a greater authority than he de­ sometimes they do not agree with the serves. N icholson (1885) did good fi gure cited; such cases wi ll be dealt work in returning to many of the earli­ with later on in the series when that er names which Hibberd had so con­ particular form is under di scussion. fused and also cited the Hibberd names This brings us to the questi on of the and figures in many cases. Rehder accuracy of the drawings ; Hibberd seems to accept him without questi on . says fhat the artist "has faithfullv ren­ Bean fo llows hiD] in only a few cases. dered" several of them-that is in sev­ But T obler a<.:cepts him completelv as eral of t11e descri ptions he uses this fa r as text is concerned although in phrase but he at no tim e gives a sweep­ many cases he returns to earli er names ing credit to the artist; but that I con­ and lists Hibberd's as synonyms BUT sider an idi osyncracy peculi ar to the does not question Hibberd's use of syn­ author. I wish to go on record as con­ onyms; this point will be taken up lat­ sidering the drawings excell ently done er. and faithfully drawn, as far as they go. For thi s reaso n it has seemed ad \'is­ But there is a suspicion in my mind able to go through all available garden that the leaves chosen were not always and botanical literature in order to es­ typical of the general character of the tabli sh pri ority of nomenclature and al­ form bu t were sometimes selected to il­ so to obtai n the earliest description lustrate Hibberd's idea of what the wherever possi,ble. This has been a leaf-form should be in order to COI1- long and tiresome task and, so far as fo rm wi th hi s nomenclature. 262 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Ocl., 1941

Yet in spite of all this we should be same. As this li st was compiled by an grateful to the man for havi ng g,athered English nurseryman and checked by a together the li st of names and placed German botani st. presumably after ex­ them in some sort of order under some­ aminati on of the plants, I al11 co nsider­ what typical leaf shapes (when "syno­ ing it to be of better standing than the nyms" are repeated they often give us innovati ons of Hibberd and so accept a clue if we wi ll carefully di g it out) these names in all cases. \\ 'hether or and fo r the many cl ear descri ptions. not these long L atinized names should P erhaps when he sluffs over a descrip­ be used today is not the question be­ tion we may take it to mean that he is fore us now: what concerns us is to get not m e of himself : usually such cases back to the ori gin al name and build up are where odd types are bei ng dealt frOI11 that point. Therefore in the list with or in some of the vari egated fo rms of na mes which fo ll ows we will not be that really merge into each other. And involved with descripti ons but will give we must always be verv grateful to the names and earli est dates onl}. 'VIThat artist, the longer I study the book the we co nsi de r each name to stand for will more highly I value hi s work: there be taken up in future articles when the was a time when I consid ered his yel­ form of the different speC les are dis­ lows "poetic li cense" but I have si li ce cussed. seen a yellow, and a healthy plant. fully as deep in color as hi s deepest. LrsT OF PUHLlCATIO -5 I..~ O:\SCL TED In the search through botanical and Should any reader have access to an} horticultural li terature it was deemed publi cations not here listed and find in advisable to carry it through the year same any ivy names not incl uded in l11 y 1873, one year later than the publica­ list I would welcome such additional ti on of the Hibberd book. in order to information. F rench and German pub­ cover all controversv over hi s changes. li cati ons were not consul ted because the It was surprisin g to find that there was writer's kn owledge of both languages is hardl y any controversy: the book was as inadequate as Hibberd's was. W hen alm ost ignored. This was probably due references were fou nd to such Mr. B. to the fact that Hibberd had given to Y. Morri son has kindly supplied me th e public hi s li st of "new names" ill with translations of same. the 1870 issue of The Garden Oracle The Gardeners' Chronicle-I841-1 873 whi ch was a sort of gardeners' alma­ T ran actions of the H orticultural So- nac edited by himself: and the contro­ ciety of L(mdon-1820-1848 versy had died down by the time the J ournal of the H orticultural Society of book was published. London- 1846-18S4 As befo re stated, the resul ts of thi s Paxton's :Magazine of Botany-183-+ - search has been disappoin ti ng; first, in 1847 that very few additional na mes were Gardeners' Yearbook. A lll1anack & Di­ added to th ose given in the Hibberd rectory-1860-1873 book, and second, in that such descrip­ Gardeners' Magazine 0 . C. Loudon . tions as were given were scant and of­ ed ) - 1826-1 8-+3 ten very inadequate. The fullest and Gardeners' Dictionary. 7th edition. best descriptions being those given by P hilip :Miller. ed.- 17S9 ' Villi am Paul in 1867 and repeated bv A Systematic Arrangement of British Dr. Karl Koch; see July. 1934 issue P lants. V/l11. Vl ithering. -+ th editiol1 of this magazin e for full di scussion of - 1801 Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 263

Handbook of British Flora, Geo. Bell­ 1927 and so give earlier dates for thal1l-186s names than those found in botanical or Florigraphia Britannica. Richard Dea­ horticultural li terature. kin-18s7 Beautiful Lea ve el Plants, E. J. Lowe & LIST OF NAME W. Howarc1--l864 :-\s in th is list we are concerned with New & Rare Beautiful Leaved Plants. priority of name ollly, va ri eties and Shirley Hibberd-1870 forms of different species wi lJ not be Arboretu1l1 et Fruticetu111 Brittaniculll. pLaced under thei r respective species; J. C. Loudon-1838 these will be dealt with later on after TournaI of Botanv-1863-1873 the ll omenclature has been sim plifi ed. The Gardener- 1867-1 870 The names of species are printed in The Garden-1871-1873 heavy face type ; all species in culti va­ The Floral V.,r orld & Garden Guide- tion at present Ind been named prior 1858-1873 to 1873. The Florist and Fruitist-1848-1867 Names in good standing are printed The F lori st and Pomologist-1868- in italics. First reference is given in 1873 brackets followi ng the name; in man)' The Garden Oracle-1866-1873 cases I have avail ed myself of Tobler's Gardeners' Magazine of Botany-18s0- check-list of 1927 and used the H aage 1851 &. Schmidt date as this proved the name Gardeners' \Veekly :\ [agazine-186Cl- to have been in use prior to Hibberd's 1873 change. Sowerby's English Botany. 3rc1 edition Names whi ch are not in good stand­ -1873 ing or are synon),ms are enclosed in T he British Flower Garden-1823- parentheses wi th reference to the co r­ 1838 rect name. The Botanical Register-181s-1847 There remain some names which J The Floricultural Cabinet-1833-18s9 regard as questionable; in that it seems The Floral Magazine-1861-1870 to me that Hibberd took leaf-forms and The F lori sts' J oumal-1840-1848 gave them names before that form was The F lori cultural Magazine-1836- definitely established as a plant an d he 1841 also made forms of min or poi nts of The Gardener's Gazette-1839-1842 vari egation which are not constant. The Gardeners' & Foresters' Record- Such names are li sted with a question 1833-1836 mark after them and must remain in the The Cottage Gardener-1849-1873 questionable class until plants can be The Midland F lori st & Suburban Hor­ fo und which will fulfill his description. ticulturist-1847-1861 Many of hi s "arborescent" fo rms are Ail publications li sted above are Eng­ also questionable; to such an extent li sh. It is to be regretted that no cat­ that I feel justified in omitting them alogs were avai labl e. As most of these from this li st. All arbrj}-escent fo rms names are for varieties and forms it is are merely mature growth of a species, logical to suppose they would appear in a varietv or a form and as such are catalogs more than in garden or botani­ not entitled to a separate name but cal publications unless of very marked should be designated in some such man­ characteristics. This is proven by T ob­ ner: H edera H elix. arborescent; or H. ler who was able to use old catalogs of H . var. Cavel'ldishii, arborescent. It i:i H aage & Schmidt in his check li st of true that this is going to cause compli- 264 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 194 1 cations because we wi ll need to be posi­ var. den tata (Haage & Schmidt, tive of the juvenile stage and may also 1869) give us some long and awkward names var. (purpurea-?) but at present I can see no other way co ngl01'llerata (Cardenas' Chr011icle, to handle the nomenclature of the ma­ 1871 ; p. 744 ) ture stage. And even as I write this I contracta (Hibberd, 1870) realize that another factor may enter c01'data (No record save that Hibberd in; that a wholly green "tree" ivy may uses it as "synonym" for hi s "scuti­ take upon itself the desi re to become folia" ) variegated or yell ow or white and so (cordifoli a-see the species colehica) compli cate the scheme; I have recent­ (coriacea-see the species colch iea) ly seen an ordinary green "tree" ivy crenata (\ \1m. Paul. 1867) become wholly golden when planted in ClIllisii (Hibberd. in F loral World. the sun . But we must draw the line 1864) from which we will begin to wo rk some­ (cuspidata minor-?) where and I am arbitrarily excluding riealbata (Hibberd. 1872) all names of mature stages from the deltoirfea (Hibberd. 1872) following li st. digitata (Loudon. 1838) digitata allr('o (Hibberd. one of the LIST OF NAMES THROUGH 1873 "synonyms" of hi s "chrysophylla") algeriellsis (Haage & Schmidt. 1862) diaitata 1I07'a ( \ \'m. Paul. 1867) (algeriensis fo li is variegata-see calle­ (disc010r-see lIIinor lIIanllorata) seel1s) dOIl('rail(,lIsis (Haage & Schmidt. 1867) aJgeriensis variegata (\Vm. Paul. 1867; donerailclIsis 1l'lil'l or (\\' m. Paul. 1867) not in Hibberd) (elegantissima-see ClI llisii) (angularis-?) fol iis arg(,lItcis (Loudon. 1838) (argentea elegans-?) fo1i1's allr('is (Loud on. 1838) (argentea rubra-see Cullisii) GI'),11lii (\\'m. Paul. 1867) (aurea maculata-see pallida) qraeilis (Hibberd. 1864) (aurea spectabili s much confused bv Hibberd; there is now a form in good (grandifl.ora-see the species ca l/ ariell- standing called s peetabilis a/wea) sis) canari ensis \ i\T i11d enow. 1808. Helix~Linnaeu . 17 53 var. aureo 11~aeulata (\ i\T m. Paul, heteroph)llla (Hibberd. 1870) 1867) hibaJ7ica (H aage & chlllidt. 1862) var. (aurea l11 armorata-see "chr)'­ Hodgellsii CvIackay. 1836) sophy11a") i1'leisa (Prior to 1872 as Hibberd uses var. foliis a1freis (Wl11. Paul, 1867) it as a "svnonym") var. latifolia maC/t/ata (\ \1m. Paul, ( japoni ca and combi nations of same 1867) should be ignored as meaningless: var. 110va (Wm. Paul. 1867) Japanese and japonica were applied cal1esee"/lS (Hibberd, 1870) very loosely at that period) Cavendishi£ (Wm. Paul, 1867) (latifo li a elegans-see ClIllisii) (chrysophy11a used for so many "syno- 1atifolia lIIoclllata (Wm. Paul, 1867) nyms" that it is meaningless) lobata. (Hibberd. 1864) (chrysophylla palmata-see pal11lata lobata major (Hibberd, 1870: is he aU1'ea) simply adding to the above?) (cin erea-see the species '/'Ie palellsis) (lobata taurica-? a Hibberd "syno­ colchi ca-Koch, 1859 nym") Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :,'[AGAZINE 265 l[,£cida (Hibberd, 1870) jJ~(stlllata-? (Hibberd. 1872) (luteola-?) rhombea-Siebold & Zuccarini . 1846 11/aclllata (Hibberd. 1870) rhO'/1/bea varicgata (\'\' m. Paul, 1867) 11/adercIIsis (Koch. 1870 ) (Roegneri ana-see the species _ col- marginata-? (Hibberd. 1872) chico ) 1Ilargillata argclltca ( \ Vm. Paul, 1867) mgosa- ? (Hibberd. 1870) (margin ata aurea-? Hibberd, 1872) sagittifolia (Hihberd. 1864) Non: : these margin ata fo r111 s are so (scutifo li a-see cordata) badly mixed by both Paul and Hibberd ( ub-marginata-see r110 '/1'lbea vane- that with the exceptions of Cavelldishii gata) and CIIllisii it is alm ost hopeless to try sllccinota-? (Hibberd. 1872) to get at the correct names. Size of taurica (Hibberd. 1864) leaf seemed to be the determining fac­ (tortuosa-see Glymii) tor; ane! soil condi tions govern that. (tricolor-see 1llargilloto robllsta and I verv much fear that most of them are C1Illisii ) now lost to culti vation. triloba ( Hibberd. 1870) ( marginata canescens-see co17esCflls) (viridis-see olgcrie ll sis) 1llarginata (' 1('(laIlS (Hibberd. 1864) (marginata elegantissima-see Cullis'i-i) ttention should be call ed to the ( marginata grandis-see 111arg1:nata Tn - fact that the name Hibberd or Paul af­ busta) ter an ivy name does not mean that ( marg'inata latifoli a-? Hibberd. 1864) either man is responsible for that name 'lIl,arginata 1/'lai01' (Hibberd, 1864) but means that the earliest reco rd of (marginata minor-see Cm,endish;i ) the name was fo und in their respective ( marginata pulcheIIa-see C1f,llisil:) li sts of the dates given. These li sts are 11[.Gn'gilla.ta roblfsta (Hibberd. 1864 ) as fol lows. ( marginata rubra-see Cullisii) Hibberd. 1864. A li st appearing in 11lanllorata (Hibberd. 1864) The Floml vVorld and Garden Guide (rninima-Hibberd's name for several of 1864 consisting of fifty-two names quite different forms ; as tal,wico, with rather full descriptions. dOllcmilellsis. jJcl'lnsylva11ica and so \ iVm. Paul. 1867. A list appearing cannot stand. 1 feel we have the right in The Ga rdenC1's' CIl1'o'l1-icle of 1867 to use this name for the plant now consisting of forty names with brief de­ known as minima: but I have belO'n scri ptions. This list was later repeated unabl e to find when it was intro­ by Dr. Karl Koch in The Hamburger duced. ) GarteI'L-'Lt11d Blu'menzeitwnq of 1868. millor (Hibberd. J R70) evid entlv after he had checked it. As 11/illor ll1 an1W1'a ta (\iVm. Paul. 1867) many of the names are already li sted ( minor marmorata elegans-Hibberd, in the 1864 li st of Hibberd's they are IM4) not repeated above. 1/eblllosa--? (Hibberd. 1872 ) Hibberd. 1870. A list appearing in nepalensis-K ock. 1853 The Gardell Ora-etc fo r 1870. In this nigra (Hibberd. 1870) li st Hibberd made most of the changes jJallida (Hibberd. 1870) whi ch he two years later gave in hi s pal1llata ( Hibberd. 1864) book. paf1llata allrea (Hibberd, 1864) Hibberd. 1872. Some few new jJedata (Hibberd. 1870 ) changes which did not appear in the ( peIIucida- ? Hibberd. 1872) Carde ll Oracle list and were given for (pennsylvanica-? Hibberd. 186-1- ) the first tim e. Rock Garden Notes

ROBERT C. MONCURE, Editor

CORNELL H.OCK GARDENING STUDIES have been made to determine the rela­ tive value of different rooting media O NE OF the first colleges to ini tiate for cuttings. It was found that for a comprehensive experi mental program most of the plants tested the alkaline de.:1.1ina with so me of the more impor- b sand and gravel locally available gave tant rock gardening problems was Cor- poorer res ults than quartz sand and nel! University. , Vork has been in oTavel or washed cinders composed of progress ther~ fo r about fo ur years. b the same sized particles. Cuttings often One unit used in this research program rooted more rapidly in the cinders and. is the Co rnell Rock Garden. located 011 the University Campus. It has a nat­ in most cases, produced better root sys­ tems than in the quartz material. Media ural stream fl owing through it over falls and cascades. The many existing made up of particles about the size of rice grain s and containing peat moss. rock outcrops have been supplemented by harmoni ol!s artificial ones. Ex­ one third by volume, gave better res ul ts posure and moisture conditions are than the finer material. varied: part of the garden is shaded by Early in the work at Cornell difficuILy mature trees, the rest is open to the arose in germinating the seeds of many sun; soi l moisture is high in some sec­ rock garden plants and in keeping the tions, low in others. Although the tiny seedlings from damping off. The beauty of this garden attracts increas­ usual w idelv recommended methods of in o' numbers of visitors each year, it b seed ~ow i ng were tried and found un­ is not maintained for display purposes satisfactory. A new seed pot was de­ alone. It is primarily a trial garden veloped and tested. It has pro\'ed its where plants can be tested under condi­ superiority by the several hundred tions the SCl me as those fo und in private kinds of seeds which have been success­ gardens. Other units of equipment in­ fu lly germinated and grown in it. This clude a greenhouse. coldframes. and seed pot was fu lly described by M. A. outdoo r beds at the Cornel! Test Gar­ Nagler in the November, 1938, issue of dens, a mile from the Campus. The lrardc/'lC'rs' ChrOllicll' of A '/1II.erica. greenhouse is used for propagating wo rk and for growin g the plants until T he cultural req ui rements of rock they are large enough to be planted out­ garden plants are being intensively in­ doors. Experimental work demanding vestigated. Data a re taken on their accuratelv controlled conditions is car­ growth under different exposure. and ried on there. P lants not grown in the under different soil nutrient, moisture. rock garden and greenhouse a re in out­ and aeration conditions. W inter hardi­ doo r beds where data can be readily ness and drought resistance are also taken. There are over eighteen hun­ noted. One poi nt concerning the re­ dred species and varieties of rock gar­ CJui rements of these plants stands out den plants in the Cornell collection this clearly. The majority do not reCJ uire year. s.pecial soil s to grow well. This is COI1- Particular stress is being placed on trary to popular opinion, but it has rock garden plant propagation. Tests been demonstrated manv times. For ( 266) Oct., lY41 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 267

Tr 'arrrll c. TVi/soll

Plallts ill the Cornell Roc!? Gardell

example, a mi xture of two parts loam trips have been taken to observe these and one part peat moss is used success­ plants under natural conditions and to fully fo r general potting purposes in the bring back speci mens, ** greenhouse, This mixture is approxi­ Horticultural qualities and uses of mately neutral in reaction; ground lime­ rock garden plants are being studied stone is added for those plants need­ simultaneously with their cultural re­ ing alkaline conditions, sulphur or iron quirements. Data are taken on time and sulphate for those requiring an acid showiness of bloom, attractiveness of reaction, Most ericaceous plants and foliage, habit of growth and other per­ certain others are given an acid mi x­ tinent factors. This information will ture co ntai ning a greater proportion of make possible definite recol1lmendations organic matter. Another spec iali zed for the use of these plants in the garden. phase of the cultural requi reJ11ent studies deals with native A merican plants suitable for rock gardens, Par­ ** For accounts of these trips see: "Coll ecting "I'estern Alpines by A ir" a nd "Coll ecting Alpines ticular attention is being paid to both in t he Shic:kshocks," by the au th o r. in the April. 1938. a nn April , 19)9, issues, "egpeeti"ely. o f this eastern and western alpine.;; . Co ll ecti ng Illagazine. 268 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

Celltral Part of Co rn ell Rocl? Gardell

In much of the Cornell R ock Garden mer drought are somewhat increased. the soil and rocks are almost covered A ground coYer experiment is under by mat forming plants. This ground way in outdoo r beds where some fifty cover principle is only beginning to be kinds of rock garden plants. most of used by rock gardeners. It has several which are not ordinarily used as ground advanta!5es over the older method of covers, are bei ng te ted. using plants as specimens and in small The nomenclature of rock garden groups. A pleasing effect is created by plants is receivin g particular attention. the fl owers and year around cover of An essential part ot correctly naming fo li age. Individual specim ens and small the plants is keeping them labelled at colonies of taller plants. when properly all times. Since the names under \\'hich located, bl end well with the low grow­ the plants or seeds are receiyed cannot ing plants. There are also practical ad­ be relied on, each kind is assigned a vantages-washing of the soil and weed key as soon as it arri"e. This key. in vasion are largely prevente d and re­ through the use of letters denotes its sistance to heaving by frost and to sum- source, an d through numbers its nu- Oct., 19111 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 269

T,Van'en C. TtV ilsol/

111 the Con7ell Roc!? Ga rdeJ/

merical order of reception from each deners. Lectures and radio talks on so urce. Records are kept of the as­ the subject are given and some mate­ signed keys and names under which the rial has been published. A preliminary plants are received. Each kind of li v­ mimeographed li st, Perewnials for Rock ing pl.ant, and pressed specimens, pho­ Gardens and Si1'/'1ilar Situ,ati01'IS, by M. tographs, and slides of it bear its key. A. Nagler, describes some of the more Specimens with their attached keys are desi rable plants for eastern rock gar­ submitted to the Dailey Hortorium, a dens. A printed bulletin, The Rock part of the university devoted mainly Gm'den, by Henry T. Skinner, dis­ to the taxonomi c study of cultivated cusses rock garden construction in de­ plants. As rapidly as correct names tail. These publications are available are determined, they are applied by use on request. Additional information will of the ~eys to the proper plants. be released as rapidly as accurate data Of course, the object of the research are collected. on rock gardening is to gather reliable WARREN C. \ 1\ h LSON information and then release it to gar- I tha.ca , N . }'. 270 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

"Rhododelldr011 Dell" Rhododendron Notes CLEMENT GRAY BOWERS, Editor

Notes on Rhododendron Spec ies at the U niversity of California

THE University of Cali fornia Botani­ sta nds is possibly one of the largest out­ cal Garden is fortunate in being located door representations of the genus in the in a climate ideally suited to the needs Gnited States. During the last two of a wide range of plant material. \ Vith­ years a great many of these species in the garden may be fo und cacti frOIll ha ve bloomed ane! the fo ll owin g notes the arid deserts of Mexico growi ng record our obsen 'ations on the be­ within a stone's throw of rhododen­ haviour of our fl owering sized speci­ drons from the moist forests of the n,ens. The additi onal 150 species were Himalayas, or rare and beautiful bulb­ grown frolll seed coll ected by the U ni ­ ous genera from the Peruvian Andes yersity of California Botanical Expedi­ thriving in an area where one ma~ " also tion to \Vestern China and Tibet ill see the curious stonelike Pleiospilos 1932. and also from seed contributed and uther mimicry plants from the by the Royal Botani c Gardens at Edin­ South African veldt-all growing out burgh and Kew. T he majority of of doors the year around! The Director rhododendron species seem to take of this Botanical Garden . P rofessor T. kindly to our Berkeley climate although H. Goodspeed. has built up in the certain precautionary measures are relatively short period of 10 years an useel to prevent damage by freezing extremely varied and interesting selec­ temperatures which sometimes occur in tion of genera and species which cause December and January, or by long. ever increasing comment from plant el ry periocls in the late summer and fall. iovers in California. One of the more S in ce the coll ection has been acquired, interesting plant groups in the Garden there haye been two winters when the is the rhododendron coll ecti on. _'\s a thermofl1et er registered as low as 15 matter of fact. one could almost say degrees bel ow freezing poin t. Such tem­ that the R hododendron Dell is the heart peratures are of course unusual in Ber­ of the Garden since its di splay in keley. but luckily they were anticipated Springtime always brings the Garden and pine boughs were cut and placed forcibly to the attention of the publi c. around and through all species reputed­ In 1927 there was purchased for the ly tender. \ Vith the exception of one Botani cal Garden a coll ection of rhodo­ or two. such as R . iha.prepes and R. e! endrol'l s brought together by a local Jladdrnii. where b

(271) 272 THE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct. , 1941 wise. species that come from the moist dron Association of Great Britain and fores t regions of the Himalayas are readers who require more botanical in­ liable to have their leaves scorched. formation are referred to this Associa­ From May to December there are no tion's publication entitled "The Species rains to speak of, but occasionally there of Rhododendron." is some precipitati on from sea born A rb oreum S e1-ies fogs. This means that irrigation must The members of this seri es are most­ be resorted to during the dry months ly large shrubs or small trees and re­ and, while our overhead sprinkling sys­ quire several years to attain fl owering tem obviates, to some extent, the neces­ size when grown from seed. A mature sity of watering, individual inspecti on specimen plant of R . a r b ore~m" or R . of the larger specimens is carried out at f) (' iavayi is certainly worth waiting fo r. regular intervals to ensure the proper however. and is a valuable acquisiti on moisture conditions at the roots. to the garden where there is sufficient The collecti on is grouped under the shade and enough space to set the plant shade of a grove of nati ve evergreen off to best advantage. Specimens of oaks (Q He1'C lf S agrifo lia ). The shade R. arboreu1I/. here are now six to eight cast by this grove is augmented by feet hi gh. O ne plant has bloomed in plantings of Pinus spp. and where plant April for the pas.t two years and it requirements demand deciduous shade great brilliance gi ves promi se of a and more li ght. birches. maples. and glori ous show in years to come when it fl owering cherries are used with good has reached a more mature fl oweri ng eff ect. The soil has a sandstone ori gin condition. T he truss was compact and with a pH value of 6. 5 to 7.0 In the well fo rmed. the individual fl owers Rhododendron Dell , however, there is were tubular , of good texture, and a 13reponderance of heavy. black. reten­ lasted full v two weeks. the color a bril­ ti ve soil whi ch has been li ghtened to li ant scarlet. R . Delavayi. considered some extent by frequent appli cations of by authori ties to be the Chinese equiva­ peat and sand. The continual appli ca­ lent of the H imalayan R. arborelf ll/ . ti ons of decayed pin e needl es in the fl owers at an earl ier age and is also form of mulch has aided greatly in very desirable. Ten- to twelve-year-olc! making the so il more friable and, inci­ specimens are now six feet high and den tall y. in lowering its pH value. their scarl et trusses make a striking The following notes have been made effect in March. R. Ddavayi is hardly principall y while working with the col­ di visible from R. arbor(, lfll l by anyone lecti on at the Botanical Garden in Ber­ character except that in habit it is not keley but where occasion warrants ref­ so arborescent and that it is more sus­ erence will be made to species not at ceptible to barksplit in cold weather present grown at Berkeley, but which than the latter. In fo ur years from were observed at the Roval Botani c seed R . arbO relflll subsp. K in giall'lll11 Garden in Edinburgh and in Golden has fo rmed a sturdy bush fo ur feet high Gate P ark in San Francisco. The and three feet through. The fo liage species will be dealt with accordin O' to . b is handso me. more so than that of the sen es. A "seri es," in this case, denotes type. the leaves bein g more rounded an aggregcrtion of nearl y related spe­ and the veins very deeply impressed. cies grouped aroun d an outstandin o' b So fa r it has not bloomed but gives member of the genus. T hi s system of promi se of a handsome shrub fo r the classifi cation is used by the Rhododen- woodland. The fl ower truss is said to Oct., 1941 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 273 be similar to R. a1' bo'reum in shape and individual fl owers were funnel shaped, color. Specimens of R. argy-ro phjlllu7i'L fo ur inches across. and sweetly scented. are sti ll quite small and no fl owers have I think I am quite safe in saying that been formed. The illustration of R. R. Gr·iersoniawU7'/'l is the most outstand­ argyroph·yllu11'I var . l eiO'lw,r u1·/il wi ll give ing species in the Garden. Some of it:> some idea of its type, truss not so com­ desirable characters. its ease of cultiva­ pact as R. arboreu1'1'1, color white tion. its striking color, and its period of flu shed rose. R. ins1:gne is very slow fl owering. There are not many fl ower­ growing. Ten-year-old plants are now ing shrubs that will fl ower in four onl y four feet high with no sign of a years from seed and yet seed of R. fl ower bud yet. but we are looking fo r­ G riers01via11u11'1 sown in the Spring of ward to its first bloom with a great 1933 has produced vigorous specimens deal of anticipation since specim ens three feet high and three feet through seen in Great Britain were attractive which bloomed last June ( 1938). Older plants up to twelve feet hi gh and with specimens have thrived exceedingly large pinki :: h trusses. R. Ririei bloomed well on a well drained slope where they last year for the first time and has have the lacy shade of the birches and proven hardier than R. arboreu11'l al­ the protection of a nearby belt of pines, though the color is not so striking. The but no dense overhead shade. With truss which opened in late February the possible exception of R. ponticU111, was large. fairly compact. and a good they have withstood drought better !'hade of purple. It is unfo rtunate that tllan any other species in the collection. thi s species is not wlnt one mi ght call Toward the end of June buds begin to fl oriferous since it rarely produces a open when practically all other species mass of hl oo m. Members of the Arbo­ have ceased to bloo 111 . The inflores­ reum seri es. grouped under the live cence is a lax corymb of from five to oaks, seem happiest ina deep leaf soil twelve blossoms. The individual flow­ where there is an abundance of mois­ ers are funnel shaped, about three and ture without stagnation. Since the one-half in ches long and four inches majority of A rboreums are from the across; the color is best described as moist forest regions. care is taken to bright geranium scarlet and in average keep the plants moist at the roo ts so weather the fl owers last fully two that leaf tip burn wi ll not occur during weeks. R. Gri-ersonialllf11!£ with its anv our hot. dry periods in late summer. R. aur.£o£latum. survived a temperature A w ' icn/at1f711 Sa.£es of 17 ° F . in 1935 with only an inter­ One of the smallest groups within the lacing of pine boughs to ward off the genus consisting of two well-known and cold. Probably the fact that these spe­ attractive species; namely, R. alfriclf­ cies were planted on a well drained lMum al~d R. G1'iersonia1'llml. The for­ slope prevented the formation of cold mer is very slow growi ng and, as a rule. air pockets and also kept the roots free does not bloo 111 unti l it has attai ned a from an excess of moisture. R . Grier­ fa ir size. Our specimens are only one so nianum is being used with great effect foot hi gh and we do not expect them to as a parent in hybridization and in bl oo 111 for three or fo ur 111 0re years. years to come its admirable character­ Plants of R. alfriClrlat/('l1l, seen in E ng­ istics should be apparent in many lovely land last Jul\'. were in full ·bloom. and hybrids. looked ve;')' handsome with their large. One of the largest groups within the loose trusses of white bl ossoms. The genus, but unfortunately one of which 274 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL j\{AGAZINE OCt., 1941

the Botanical Garden has few represen­ ers appeared toward the end of May, tatives. It is hoped however that in the were pale pink. about two inches wide near future a larger number of species and pleasantly fragrant. It is rather can be grown since up to now members early to for111 an opi ni on concerning of tHis group have taken kindly to our thi s species but judging from older B-et'keley conditions. The Arnold A r­ specimens in E uropean gardens I bo'{·~tUll1 has been more instrumental should imagine that it would be of than any other in stitution in the world greatest value in a large garden where in classifying this large and difficult it co uld be alloted suffici ent space to group, and readers seeking more infor­ attai nits maxi mU111 development. R. mation 0 11 azaleas are referred to the cai elldularcl!I1n is the eastern counter­ various publications from this institu­ part of the western R. occi'dentale and tion. R. Vasf31i. one of our native east­ while it lacks the fragrance of the latter ern azaleas, is an attractive species, it is much more desirable from an orna­ easily grown. and in Berkelev cloes mental standpoint. The fl owers of our best under the light shade of birches specimens were deep yellow. about two where the plants can receive ample inches across, and appeared in May. moisture. The fl owers are fulh' an During October the leaves turn a bri l­ inch ac ross. pale pink, and produc~d in li ant scarlet forming a striking contrast late April before the leaves have fully against the papery whiteness of the sur­ expanded. It is only recently that we rounding birches. ,'-\nother desirable have fl owered R. arbol'escens and the feature of R. calendulaceul'I'L is that it plants are still quite small. The fl ow- will succeed in a comparatively drv Oct .. 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 27: location provided that it has some light is one of our favorites and certainly a shade during our hot, dry summers. worth while plant for gardens where R. motte is, of course, known to all but temperatures do not faJl much below its familiarity has by no means made 20° F. IN e have forms of this species us indifferent to this show v Chinese with pure white fl owers and others species. It is a parent of many of our which are white with rose markings in loveliest azalea hybrids; even so . in the throat of the corolla. In exceptional itself it is worthy of a prominent place years as many as three di stinct crops of in any garden. A form of R. 1I/,01l(' blooms are produced-one in May, an­ sent to us from China by Dr. Rock other in midsummer, and finally a small some years ago has produced fl owers showing in October. This mi ght be of a · deep orange and its habit seems regarded as overproducti on and in­ to be a wee bit more robust than our jurious to the plant's welfare but it original plants. R. occiden.tale like R. doesn't seem to retard growth at all. 1'Iwll(' has been used with great success They form low spreading shrubs ane! in hybridization. Our experience with are excel1 ent subj ects for the fore­ it might appear something of a paradox ground of larger plantings. Space does since we have better success with the not permit of descripti ons of the many eastern azaleas than we do with our R . Obt'I£Slf71l hybrids but I do think that western species. We grow it, of course. R. Obt1lSU111. var. Kae111pferi is worthy after a fashion, but to date we have not of mention in passing. This variety succeeded in establishing a well formed is somewhat eccentric in its growth. specimen. An explanation may, no shooting off at ode! angles occasionally. doubt. lie in the fact that our plants but this tendency could be overcome by were coll ected in the wild and. owing to judicious pruning. The leaves are part­ the nature of its root system which is ly persistent and turn a bright red in woody and travels quite a distance un­ October. The fl owers open in May der ground. it does not recover as and require the protection of some quicklv as nursery grown stock. As a deciduous shade or otherwise the sal- rule R. occidentale blooms in June and 111 0n red fl owers fad e rather badly in if the season is at all dry and warm an­ our strong California sunshine. R. ou­ other crop of blossoms appears in Octo­ t1l SU11 1 along with its varieties Kaem.p­ ber and November which does not di s­ f('ri and japolliclll1l have been used ex­ please us one whit because its fragrant tensively in hybridization. Another de­ white flowers are always welcome. In sirable species belonging in the same 1932 we recei ved seeds of an azalea group as R. obt~tS 'U1n is R. o ldh.a1'llii from the University of California Chi­ from Formosa which becomes rather a nese E x pedition which, blooming. large shrub with yel10wish evergreen proves to he R. illdicMlI1 .forllla. This leaves and brick red fl owers. So far species. \;vhich is not to be confused thi s species has not been over florifer­ with the Azalea illdica of the trade, is ous with us. The plants are slow grow­ a dense growing shrub with duJl green ing and though over ten years of age foliage and brick red fl owers. not un­ are not more than three feet in height. attractive. and perlnps when the plants Another evergeen azalea that has are a little older they may have value played an important role in the devel­ as a contrast planting with the lighter opment of better types is R. S£l1, ~sii J one colors of other species. R. 'I1'IUCrolLatwlIl. of the progenitors of the greenhouse. often referred to as A:::alea ledifolillm. hybrid " Indian Azaleas." and some- 276 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULT URAL MAGAZI NE Oct .. 1941

times erroneously called R . -illdicU111. species, R. Schlippe ll bachii would cer­ The fl owers. which appear in April and tainly be given first choice. The hand­ May are deep rose red and sometimes some large pink fl owers, about three are produced in such abun dance as COl11 - inches wide appear in May, just about pletely to conceal the fo li age. T hi s is the time that the leaf buds are begin­ an excellent species for the warmer and ning to break. Older plants a re literally more favored localities such as Central covered with blossoms and show to and Southern California. and F lorida. great advantage in an open woodland The more recent hybrids of th is species or to the front of a tree planting where are, of course, a great improvement and they can en joy a leafy. moist soil. The should become better known in Cali for­ fo liage in October and ::\fovember turns nia gardens. Seed of R. )Jedoe/lse var. from green to crimson and fi nally to pou.l?haJ1.ens(' was sent to us by Mr. yell ow before dropping. O ne specimen Gable of Stewartstown, Pennsylvania. now six feet hi gh and about eight feet in 1934, and we now have plants one through, gives some idea of its ultimate foot hi gh and one foot across. The habi t. and if you can visualize a mass of piants are growing well in a semi­ bright pink fl owers against the light shady location and to all appearances fresh green leaves then you must real­ wi ll form low growing shrublets. 'I'Ve ize that R. Schlipp(, nbachii is worthy of are hoping to see the fragrant, rose col­ a prominent place in the best of the gar­ ored fl owers this coming spring. If dens. we were to select six of the best azalea P. H. BRYDOK, Manager.

III ustra tions Part of the "Rhododell droll Dell" -i ll th e University of Califor ll ia Botanical Ca r­ de 1~. A v iew fr oi'll th e Azalea Pool showill g . -i ll the foregrou ll d, plalltings of th e Irro-ratu17'L series all eith e'r side of th e pa th Q,11 d in th e bac l~gro lfll d, 0 11 th e left, members of th e A rboreum. series. Corydalis lutea 0 11 the l('ft-hall d borde r of th e pa th . R hododeNdron aTg)wophylhl1l1 var. le'iandn !11'1, a 111 e111be r of th e A rborewil series. Flow('rs 'white fi ~ l.s h ed rose.

l'hotog'1'lll)h, Da\'id \ Yi lkic, Royal Botani C' Gl1 l'de n. Edinburgh A Book or T \\'0

A Book of Gardell F lowe1'S, Margaret Like all of Mrs. \Nilder's books, this McKenny and Edith F. J ohnson. makes pleasant reading, for it is packed The Macmillan Company, New with her store of learning and couched York, 1941. 72 pages, illustrated. in her charming style. The reissue at $2.00. a lower price should bring it to many The color plates are from Miss J ohn­ who may have mi ssed it in 1932. son's paintings; the text from Miss McKenny's facile and pleasant pen. Advent.tres in a Suburban Gmrden. This is a pleasure-book to intrigue the Loui se Beebe Wilder. The Macmil­ young, to waken memori es in the old. lan Company, New York, reissue, The recipient likes to think he can 1941. 250 pages, illustrated, $1.00. qualify in each group! This was, in its first issue, very large- ly made up of what Mrs. \iVi lder had Farm. Soils, Thei'r l\.1al'1a.gemellt all d published serially. It is well said and Fert'ilization. Edmund L \NOl·then, represents the adventure of a person J olm Wiley & Sons, Inc" London; of taste and skill-not really adventure­ ,Chapman & Hall Ltd" 1941. 515 ous in the usual connotation of that pages, illustrated, $2.75, Printed in wo rd but certainly reporting on her U. S. A. trials and assays. This is a reference book with many supplementary references after each jVI aill-tell O-nce of Shade and 0 rllamental chapter. It is written for the farmer Trees. p, P. P irone, Oxford Uni­ as the title indicates, but it is worthy versity Press, New York, 1941. 422 of the serious attention of the home pages, illustrated, $4.50, gardener. The publisher may be Brit­ Too many persons accept trees with­ ish, but the materials are based in the out much thought after p1anting and U nited States and from many parts of fai l to recognize their difficulties until our country, it may be too late. The apthor brings together here much valuable i nforl11a­ Pru.ning Trees and Shrubs, Ephraim tion in regard to all the things the tree Porter Felt. Orange Judd Publi sh­ owner should know, To read the book ing Co., New York, 1941. 237 pages, at a sitting may make the problems, illustrated, $2.00. seem enormous. but one will return It always pays to see what Dr. Felt again and again for help, A reference has to say; and this book is no excep­ work chiefl y for the eastern half of tion to that rule, Emphasis is laid on the ,United States, principles and procedure rather than on case histories. If you want to un­ Science ,in th e Garden. H. Britton Lo­ derstand pruning you should read it. gan and J ean-Marie Putnam, Con­ sultant, Lloyd Cosper. Duel, Sloan The Fra.grant Path. Louise Beebe & Pearce, Inc .. New York. 1941. 255 \ Nilder, The Macmillan Company, pages, $2.50, :-Jew York, reissue, 1941. 407 pages, As everyone has observed the scien­ $ 1.00. tists have been discovering horticulture [ 277 ] 278 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZL'E Oct .. 1941

for a decade or more but have contented Classification Sche1ne f01' a Garden themselves. more or less, in writing Center Libra?,)I. Marjorie Bolton for their ow n circle. Although, as the Clelland. The Garden Center of pr~face intimates, there has been some Greater Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, l~ck of mutual understanding and con­ 194 1. $1.00. fidence, the scientists have done much A simple and. I am told, reasonable that we shoL\ld know' abo~!'t, even if we scheme for numbering books that make do not intend incorporating it in our up a garden li brary. V-lith its aid you daily' routine. Much . of this will not are supposed to be able to decide concern us, to repeat, but it is worth whether yo ur new book will wear 83 reading. or 91 on its back. It's a good business and a good scheme, but thank Heaven The Gladiolus. 1941. Yearbook of the we aren't a librarian or even a near­ New England Gladiolus Society. librarian. printed fo r its members. Albin K. Parker, Sec'y .. Norwood, Mass. 200 Who's Zoo in tlie Garden? Charles pages, more or less. Illustrated. Sup­ Palm er, Jean-Marie Putnam, Lynette plement, 36 pages. Arouni. The Greystone P ress, New A typical yearbook from this li vely York, 1941. 127 pages. illustrated. and accomplished group. If you like $1.50. gladiolus and want to know them, you Prose and verse, pictures, etc., 1110st­ should have it : if you tbink you might ly etc. We conclude this is supposed like them, the same : if you hate them. to be funny, witty, gay, scintillatl11g don't look at it. and again etc., but personally we feel it should have perished in one conversa­ tional afternoon and never have risked The Principles of Vegetable G(];rd ening. embalming in printers ink. (Of course Liberty Hyde Bailey. The Macmil­ it's our own jaundiced fault!) lan Company, New York, 1941. The Eighteenth Edition, "Re-made and The Gladiolus. Forman T. McLean. Re-set." 490 pa,ges, illustrated. $3.75. Whittlesey House Garden Series, Now that the attenti on turns so keen- McGraw-Hill Book Co .. Inc .. New ly once more to vegetable gardening, York, 1941. 197 pages. illustrated. this should have a renewed popularity. $2.00. One expects nothing but the best from A very pleasant book a'bo ut a fl ower this distinguished author and usually that inspi red many to their major sum­ is satisfied. mer activity. It fo llows the inevitable The vegetables in all their l~inds and pattern of all good plant material books fo rms march through the pag~s with devoted to a single flower and does it much of scientific note, homely com­ very well and readibly. Personall y we ment and pertinent advice. are not converted but being jaundiced If you are about to raise vegetables il is . perhaps fair to add artf'ri n-sc1rrll­ seriously here is your first text. sis to our other hanclicaps! The Gardener's Pocketbook

Passifi om qu.admngulG1'is L. [See page it or even heard of its bei ll g seen, wild . 280] It was cultivated in thi s country by For most persons in the north the P hillip Miller in 1760 ; and it is pretty word passion-fl ower suggests an orna­ general in our hot-h ouses. where it mental vin e rather than a fr uit and it sometimes ripens its fru its. ':'*****" may be that if one li ved really in the E douard Andre. wri tin g in R ev '/d.c tropics. one mi ght thi nk of it only as H ortl;cole in 1898, and reporting chi efl y a frui t and not as an ornal11e ntal. upon the fruiting of thi s species out-of­ If one looks back over old. horticul­ doors at Marseilles, after being twice tural publications. mostl y E uropean. hand-pollinated by 1\11. Davin. reminds one is forced to the conclusion that us that the Tacsonias (also know n while the passifloras were taken home sometimes as Passion fl owers) are na­ in the hope that ther might fruit well. tive to the hi gher cordilleras but the the fl owering had to be accepted as the "passifl oras with edi ble fr ui ts are gen­ sum of the horticultural return. erally from the more tropical climates. The beautiful plate in the Botanical T hey are chi efl y the species : Passifi oro Register (tab. 14) publi shed in 18 15 alata, P. 1'll alijor1'i'lis, P. cdu.lis . P. q'u.ad­ would ce rtainly appear to draw atten­ rangularis, P. liglflaris. P. la lf rijolia, tion to the fl owers which are n1.uch and its vari ety lii'l·ijolia." more brilli antly colored than those in "This last species. known in the An­ plate 2041 of the Botani cal Magazine. tilles and in the Guianas under the publi shed fo ur years later. name of 'Pomme li ane' and 'Mari e Recall ing . the sudden passion fo r Tambour' have large fruits wi th a de­ vines in ce rtain parts of F lori da, it mal' licious perfume." be amusing to quote a portion of S il11 s' For P. quadra'l1 gu./aris, Andre quotes text-"From its quick growth and thi ck the common names of "Barbadine" or foliage, it is well suited fo r forming "GranadiIla" or "Parcha." He describes a rbors and covered walks but J acquin the fl owers as "ephemeral" and "fra­ observes that they are apt to be infested grant." H e then passes on to the di s­ with \, en0111 0US serpents who chose the cussion of the fruit which apparently Passion-fl owers, more especially this is best when made into a marmalade or species and the laurel-leaved, for thei r if eaten fresh, fo rtified with " rum or a bode, well knowing that their favo rite madeira or kirsh or white wine" ane! prey, the squirrels nowhere more sugar to taste ! M. Davin himself is abound, these animals being fond of the reported to have used rum and to have fruits. *'~*~~**" deci ded that the taste "was very agree­ This same note is stressed in the text able and the perfume li ke pineapple !" of the Botani cal Register ( 1.c. ) . (In some ways this doctoring recalls The latter reference suppli es the note to mine! the sops of wine adde€l tei many that "J acquin never saw OUf plant but an old herha li st's brew !) in a cultivated state. Swartz makes it Much later notes fr0111 England, none a nati ve of the woods in the W est In­ of which need concern us. save one dies. Yet neither he nor any other au­ small bi t frol11 the Garden (vol. 50, p. thor ~ xp r ess l y states the having seen 313 ) in whi ch a note signed "South- 279 280 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURi\L MAGAZfNE Oct.. 19.tl

Passiftom q1ladmngularis Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 281 ron" ends with the sentence- " It is not, indeed often rather weak, fl owering I am quite aware, the natural method of shoo ts topped by the large and brilliant displaying the cut blooms to put them fl owers which are natural size in our into bowls of water, as if dealing with fi gure. Unlike the fl owers of most \1\1 ater Lilies, but in such a case I con­ species of antholyza in which the fl ow­ sider this mode is quite justifi ed by ers seem tubular with relatively small reason of the beautiful effect that is segments, all of which gives the inflor­ produced." escence a look quite unlike that of In the supplement of the U . S. De­ the present species. This plant, because partment of Agriculture Yearbook for of its large fl owers with spreading seg­ 1937, published as Separate 1589 (pp. ments. has sometimes been classi fi ed G3 -64) there is a very brief mention as a gladi olus. It carries, however, the of the passifloras which are grouped usual cylindrical tube that characterizes under the common name "Granadilla" the fl owers of Allf/zol'yza as compared where scantv attention is paid to all Y with the funnel-shape tube of Gladiolus. of the species and little more is ad ded Just what place this antholyza should save to suggest that nematodes are olle take in our horticulture is hard to de­ of the seriously limiting factors at least cide. Each plant by itself is so slight for Florida and that a bree ding pro­ that they must be considered in some gram is under way that it is hoped will quantity if any good effect is to be had. produce some individual plants resistant If corms we re abundant so that they to those attacks. could be grown for winter cutting, that Meantime, it may be quite enough would be desirable as the fl owers last to treasure the vine for itself, to enjoy well when cut and their brilliant color its masses of foliage, its wonderfully makes them very useful in late winter constructed fl owers and its fruits and earl y spring. whether eaten, drunken or ' merely O ne can not help but wonder what sniffed. the effect might be, provided the proper Anth.olyza ?'evolllta Burman. [See page area in the United States could be as­ 282] ce rtained. if hundreds of corms were This species grows from "Little planted in a grassy place where other Namaqualand to Grahamstown, attain­ plants might support the uncertain ing an elevation of two thousand fi ve stems. In none of the South African hundred feet," a region of high temp­ texts available here are there any de­ eratures ranging from 56° to 82° F. scriptions of its natural habitat, so there average high temperatures with rela­ is the chance that this idea is quite er­ tively lower ranges as one goes to high­ roneous. er elevations but no frosts save at the Antholyza is one of the genera that highest. Rainfall is not great (between has been divided by botanists into many 20 and 30 inches) and with the peak smaller bits. N. E. Brown in the Trans­ during their winter months. This ac­ actions of the Royal Society of South counts for the persistent habit of the Africa, vol. XX, p. 261 , did the jo-b! plants in making winter growth here One plant, according to him, should and the need for a cold greenhouse. now be called H o11toglossu7n watsoniu11'l Planted in deep pots or flats, the N. E. Br. And in addition to that the gladiolus-like corms soon push up the A llfholyza pa.llicu.[aJa that was illus­ slender grasslike foliage, one leaf to trated as long ago as October, 1928, the growing axis and later the slender. Illust now be called Cw'tonus panicula- 282 THE ;..JATIONAL HORTICCLTt:RAL :\l >\G.A.Zl:\"E Oct., 1941

Lillian ri. C llemsey Oct., 194 1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZ INE 283 tus N. E. Er. There are ot h ~ r bot::l1li -ts. More's "Antidote against Atheism" however , who do not fo ll ow N. E. refers :-"V ir ~ il reports of Dittany that Brown, so if you care to be a conserva­ the wild goats eat it when they are shot tive stick to A 11thaZ,y:::a. wi th darts"; whi ch seems to be taken from this passage in the Aeneid, L Two Dittanies XII. 411.- The name of Dittany has been ap­ "Hic Venus. indigno nati co ncussa plied to at least four plants, belonging dol ore, Dictamnus genetrix Cretaea to three different genera: Dictam,nus carpit ab Ida Puberibus caulem foliis, albus, False or Bastard Dittany, of the et fl ore comantem, Purpureo: non Rutaceae ; L cpidium latifali,um, the ill a fe ris incognita capris Gramina Broad-leaved Pepperwort or Dittander, Ct'm tergo volu cres haesere sagittae." of the Cruciferae : and two of the Lab:a­ This "Righte Dittany," "saCl-ed herb tae, CUl1'ila 'mm-ialla, a small American of Crete." seems to have aroused much herb, and 0 riga I/. U1'1'b d'ictamJ1.'Us, the interest of late among herb lovers, Dil tany of Crete, which the old phar­ largely on account of its antiquity, for maci sts called D icta1'1m'Us CTct:CUS. The "Both the Greek and Roman writers generic name of the first and the spe­ have fabled this plant into great celebri­ ci fi c name of the last were not given ty." It was grown in E ngland before because of a ny resemblance between th e 1568, by Mr. Riche, whoever he may plants, but because both a re common have been. near Mt. Dicte in Greece. This Dittany is so tender that it must The descri pti on of the Dittany of be pot-grown. and in the winter must Crete given in \ \Toodvi lle's Medical haye very little water and very much Botany ( 1794) is suffi ciently full:­ sun. A soi l of two parts fibrous loam "Root fibrous, perennial. Stalk about and one part silver sand and leaf-mould a foot in height, branched, downy, lig­ suits it, and cuttings taken in spring neous. Leaves ovate, blunt, opposite, root readilv in sand under a bell-glass on short footstalks, thi ck, covered ,vith in the greenhouse. soft white hairs. F lowers purple, in "The leaves are very warm and aro- spikes. Bracts roundish, smooth, co l­ 1l1 atic, of an agTeeable smell. and hot ored, numerous, forming quadrangular biting taste.-Though rarely used at spikes. Calyx small, five-toothed, con­ this day, it certainly possesses, in a cealed by the bracteae. Corolla mono­ very considerabl e degree, the stimulant petalous, co nsisting of a long tube, di ­ and aromatic qualities which charac­ vided at the limb into two lips, of terize this class of plants," says Dr. which the upper is straight, and en­ \ Voodvill e. Its present use seems to closes the fil aments: the underlip is he largely confi ned to the fla vori ng of cut into three ~ obtuse lobes, of which drinks, in its native Candia. the middle one is the largest. Filaments Origa.l1l1l11 dicta1ll 1lllS is a "collector's two long and two short. filiform , longer item," hut Dirta17l17l1s aTbus is well than the coroll a, and furnished with wo rth growing fo r its beauty alone, si mple antherae. Germen divided into though it has figured in plant li sts as fo ur parts. Style slender. Stigma bifid. Dittany or Fraxinella sin ce the thir­ Seeds four. of a n irregular ovate shape. teenth or fo urteenth centuries. "\ \Thilst and lodged at the bottom of the calyx. I seek for dictall1ne to recure hi s - It fl owers from June till August" scarre"- It is to thi s plant that a sentence from A well-grown Dictamnus may be four 284 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct.. 194 1 feet across, and nearly as tall, and will destroying worms, 111 intermittent bear from fifty to seventy-five fl ower fevers, for epilepsies, and for some spikes. The plant is handsome at all other troubles! But though " undoubted­ times, its stalks thickly clothed with ly a powerful medicine," it had rather firm-textured. ash-like leaves, (which fallen into di suse by 1790. account for the common name of Fraxi­ A variety sem to me as caL£casicus is nella ) : and when the ten-to-twelve-inch larger in all its parts than the type. spikes of white or pink spidery flow ers Its flower spikes will reach eighteen are in full bloom, there are few if any inches in height. and the leaves a length more beautiful plants in the garden. of about fourteen inches, as against It blooms here in late Mayor earl y about twelve and eleven inches respec­ J une, th o u ~ h plants set indifferent lo­ tively in the type. cati ons will carry the bloom 'pretty well Personally, I think I prefer the white through the latter month. to the colored vari ety. but with us it It will stand the driest of conditions has never seemed so vigorous. without drooping a leaf, and has had no Being herbaceou , the plant dies to pests whatever, of root, or leaf, or fl ow­ the ground in the winter, but all the d, in our experience of several years. growing season. its rounding mass of It doesn't need to be divided every two rich dark g reen leaves is as effectiye or three years; in fact. it rather resents as an evergreen of the same shape and disturbance. The leaves. when pinched trxture would be. or brushed against, give forth a rather Bailey gives its range as from S. strong and entirely distin ctive odor, Europe to N . China. adds another C0111- about which no two people seem to he mon name-Burning-Bush,-and tvv o agreed. Perhaps one mi ght say that it varieties besides rllbra, the ordinary is a not wholl y successful mixture of pink for111 :-var. pllrpurC!lIs, with dark several scents. all agreeable in them­ fl owers, and dalillriclls, a form of the selves. speCles. Dictamnus is easy enough from seed. There is 5t ill another good point. that though slow both as to the germination it is much beloved of hummingbirds. of the seed and growth of the plant. It . ~ T H RACHAEL COUGHEY A ntrllll, 1\. . self-sows freely , and seeds sown in the fall will germinate in the spring. It FRO:'1 THE ~1TDWE ST HORTICULTuRAL may be three or four years before the SOCIETY plant will bloo m, but it grows more PillllS strobl(s. beautiful every year, at least for sevei-al Of the scant half dozen evergreens years, and plants have been known to native to the lower lakes region of the have lived a hundred and fifty years middle west. the most outstanding is in the same spot. the white pine. Occurring in many A lighted match held under the spike places as isolated stands the white pine of bl oo111 on a hot dry evening wiII is fo und in swampy places, and on high cause a sli ght fl ash up through the fl ow­ bluffs. In central Illinois is the fam ous ers, whence the other common name \i\Thite Pines State Park where a mag­ of Gas-plant. nificent stand of these pines reminds Fraxinella also had a number of one of a northern forest. Not far a wa y medical uses. The root in powdered is a fine planting of these pines on the form, or in extract of it, was used as estate of Mr. F. O. Lowden. Several a "stomachi c. toni c, alexipharmic," for of the cemeteri es in and near Chicago Oct .. 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 285

have made good use of these and other first appearance the hackberry mi ght be pines in creating excell ent hndscapes: mi staken for the more common elm. The white pine (Pillus strobus) The leaves, however, are longer and should be balled and burlapped for thinner in the hackberry and a li ghter transplanting. Given a good soil and green. The tree is more spreading than plenty of room it will soon develop the elm and generally of smaller stature. into one of the finest evergreens for the The bark of the hackberry is variable. large or small garden. This is one of In 1110St plants rows of small protuber­ the pines that has character and beauty ances are rather prominent On close in­ at all periods of its g rowth and does specti on. These "warts" are one good not undergo the adolescent straggliness means of di stinguishing the species. In of some of the others. Starved Rock Park there are man)' large plants exhibiting this wartiness Rosa Harison's Yellow. of the trunk but in others the bark is A few years ago many nurseries be­ smooth and gray and greatly reminds came quite enthusiastic about the Gold­ one of the bark of the beech. en Rose of China (Rosa Hlfgo llis) . A nother characteri stic of the hack­ ' ,,! hile this rose is a beautiful and desir­ berry is the presence of " Witches able addition to a garden yet it does not Brooms" in large plants. These brooms equal the old proven Harison's Yellow are but numbers of small twigs growing in depth of color, fl ower size, hardiness. from one locali ty on a branch and re­ or fragrance. sembling the branches of sticks sup­ Harison's Yellow is seen at its best posed to co mpose the brooms of the in 'old plantings around fa rms. in old witches of ancient lore. The "Witches ce111eteri es, along roadsides. a nd in Broo 111 " is caused hy insect injury and country towns where gardens have does li ttle da111age to the plant other been built by the swap method. than causing the formation of nU111 erous As a hardy subj ect this rose has been twigs at the point of attack by the in­ known to sHrvive a quarter century or sect. more of absolute neglect. It is not par­ As a small to mediu111 tree for the ticular as to soil or exposure. but does grounds that need something a little best in an open situation in a medium c1iffeFent the hackberry is quite useful. soi l. . . ELDRED E. GREE N . As an early bl ooming subject for a hedge or as a specimen in the shrub' Dou.ble F OI'1'I'IS of 0 III' W 'ild Roses border thi s r8se deserves a re-introduc­ tion to our midwestern gardens. O ur "garden" roses (those 'with double fl owers) have all had their ori­ C cltis occid entali.s. gin in Europe and Asia. \iVhi le the On a recent trip to the Field Mu­ single wi ld rose of any land is just as seum in Chicago I was agreeably sur" sweet as any cabbage-like fu llness, yet prised to noti ce a wa l kawa~r of hack­ fas hi on today decrees that roses in a hei-ry, Celt'is occidel1talis . lining the fo rmal planting should be double. B ut eastern approach to the building ter­ this· increase in petalage and size of race. The striking beauty of these fl ower has already begun in our native medi um-sized trees brought to mind the species, though these orts are as yet m'agnificent specim ens in Stan "e el Rock little known. Bv conservative botany Park neai' the site of the old lodge. A.t our native pecies are about 21-R. 286 THE NATIOi\TAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI KE Oct., 1941 acic lI laris and fo rms. R. ar/wnsana. producer, Dr. N , E. Hansen, at Brook­ Mallda , californica, CarO li11G (hUHlilis), ings, S. D. He crossed the wild rose foliolosa, gY1l1 nocarpa, '/Iwcounii, lIli1'ltt­ with Red Star, HT. The fl owers are tifolia" n·itida , n/tt/wna" oreoplzila , paht­ quite large (3 inches across), of 40-50 stris (ca.rol'ina). pisocm-pa, 'ru cii uSCbtla, petals, ~lear rose pi nk. l11u ch as some .i I'f'ig eTa, spa./dingii. stella.to, suffulto, of the HP. sorts. The stems are smoo t!­ 'uirg1''Il:i:a17a, and woodsii and var. fe nd­ and deep red in winter. It is the mOS1 ieri: and 9 species less known-R. ade­ beautiful in form of the garden sort~ nose pa.lo, 1nOl1ca, 111 ('Ii n0 ', mohavens';s, from olir native species. It is really thE pin ctoru111 , pjlrifcra, sono11'lensis, spit­ wi ld plant of R. blanda with HP. fl ow­ lza1ll('a and sl! us (' rrulata, Botanical ers. Pax Apollo (Dr. N . E. Hansen, forms and wh ite-flowered plants are 1938) is similar. but the fl owers are known of many of these. but true dou­ not as large or ful l. It has about 15 bles are not yet numerous. petals. The fo rm is of a semidouble Oldest of double A meri can roses pink sort of R. multiflora in bush habi t. is Double Virginia Rose, or Rose The seed parent was a form of R. c! 'Amour (R. v'i1-g'in,io lw plena; sold ::d­ sempcrviul1s, with pollen of R , blallda , so as R. rapa) , known before 1768 and Pax Amanda is si milar, being a union introduced to gardens before 1820. The of a R. lJl.ultifiora climber X pollen of plant has very dark green leaves, very R. blonda. Pax lola (Dr. Hansen, shining and quite smooth both sides, 1938) is a climber, thornless, much like The fl owers are the usual rose red of Tausendschon in effect, the winter wild roses, of 25 or more petals. T he tW'igs bright red. The flowers have 15 plant may be fo und wild somewhere or so petals, soft pink, fadi ng white, between New England and Missouri. cl ustered. Now Ya wa will be released particularly in New Jersey and Penn­ (Dr. Hansen, 1940), also of R. l1%tlti­ sylvania, but , it has been offered by flora parentage and growth, more nurserymen. Yet the plant that I pur­ double than Pax lola. Not only do these chased last year had the normal single five R. blaJida hybrids have thornless flowers. There has been a plant in the stems, bright red in winter, but they collection of the Arnold A rboretum. are wholly hardy to temperatures far Most showy of double native roses below zero. are' the doubles of our Meadow Rose Sunshine Rose (R. sltffulto , known (R. bla,nda). The wild plant has very also as R. helioplrila and R. pratincola) red stems in winter, always nearly with­ is native from Alberta to Texas. It is out prickles or bristles. T he seven leaf­ a sister of R. blondo., but the stems are lets are smooth both sides, but not ve ry prickly, dull brown in winter. The shiny, Several forms with double fl ow­ leaves are downy below, and even grey ers are now known, the plant much as tinged above, so the fo li age color is un­ the wi ld form. Oldest is Betty Bland, like the smooth li ght green of R. blm/­ a hybrid with a HP., put out by F. L. da . But the fl owers are the same, per­ Skinner of Dropmore. Manitoba, in 'haps not qui te as large. Two double 1930. The flower is of medi um size, forms are known, both natural varie­ of 25-30 petals, of a clear pink, bloom­ ties. The first was found by Mrs. Mina i ng in great profusion in June. It is Lindell, before 1924, in Butte County, the wild rose greatly glorified. Similar South Dakota. It was given her name is Lilli an Gibson . described in 1938, and sold by Dr. Hansen in 1927. It is now to a limited extent offered by the very much like Betty Bland in effect. Oct., 1941 THE XATlONAL HORTICU LTURAL "IAGAZINE 281 or the "Pax" roses. a clear pink of Illany tiff bristles. The Rowers are sol­ about 15 petals, but the plant is thorny. itary, dull rose in color-one of the Percy Wright, of Wilkie, Saskatche­ ea rliest of pecies to blo0111. F. L. wan, offered " "\Voodrow, " a double Skinner (of Droplllore, Mani toba). forlll , in 1939. presulllably found \\·ild Illaker of Betty Bland. has crossed thi s in that provin ce. Tt is a clear pink. Prickly rose with the R ugosa rose and qui te double. not a large a fl ower a~ a~ai n by other garden roses. These J\ '[rs. "fina Lindell. but wi th Ill ore pet­ "'ere released in 1939, bu teem III lt to als. be in the trade. :\ pparently they are Ca lifornia Rose (N. califorllica ) is a l-fybrid Rugosa in habit, with large sister species from our west coast. The clustereel fl owers in shades of pink. prickles are stout and wide. and tlIe with repeati ng bloo m. The names are pink fl owers are in broa d flattened clu s­ George Will. Dorothy F owler and ters. A form with semi-d ouble Rowers \Vasagaming. :\ different plant. with was in the A rnold A rboretum. alld ap­ semi-double red fl owers on a plant like parently at Ke\\' Gardens. A. hybrid. the wild Prickl y rose. but clustered. Theano (Gesch\\·i nd . in H ungary. is P ike's Peak. from pollen of Holl y­ 1R95). has been offered by Bobbink So: wood, HT .. on the wi ld plant. This Atkins since 1936. The fl owers are of was produced by N . C. Gunter. ane! put mediulll size. opening fl at. of 15-20 pet­ in the trade by Bobbink & A tkins in als, li ght carmine-rose. in broad fl at 1940. It is a ver~' pleasi ng " half-\\·ild" erect clusters. The effect is like fla t rose. \'ery vigorous and hardy. clusters of polyantha roses on a bi g Lastly. our only native climber, the wild shrub. prairie rose (R. s('tigera). has become .t\ silllil ar plant. but the fl owers not the parent of many climhin g roses. and cl ustered. is ::--Jootka Rose (R. nllt­ of late has se\'eral bush HT. sorts. par­ kana). frOIll A laska to Utah. quite li ke ticula rh· the work of 1\t H . Horvath. our N.. 7.J irgillialla. Father Schoener Rut both climbers and bush kinds have crossed thi s with Paul Neyron. HP .. fl owers and fo li age of HT.. fo r rhe and produced a plant with large single three leaflets and co rymb of fl owers of fl owers. clu stered. cl eep rose. T hi s was Prairi e rose ha \'e become lost in the put in the trade in 1930 as Schoener's new fo rms. The Prairie parent appears N utkana. It does not ha\'e a double onl y in "igor of growth and hardiness fl ower. but J. IT. ~ icolas. Iw usin g thi s of plant. Recently. a seedling of M rs. as a pClrent wi th HT. roses. cre::tted F . F. Prell ti ss (one of the best of the several double HT. sorts-L eonard setigera climbers) is all exact dupli cate Barron. P olar Bear. }\{rs. Francis Ki n ~ of the wild prairie rose. in foliage, in and Shenandoah. But the HT. charac­ habit of growth and date of bl oom (late ters have hidden the ori ginal wild Noot­ J ulyJ . but -t l ~e. ·fl o wer s_ al; ~ ' .Q uite double. ka plant. They are reallv HT. in all of many short petals. a double wild rose ways. Another hybrid is Cantab (c. C. of very late bl oom on a climbing plant. Hurst. 1927) produced in England by The doubling must have come from the pollen of Red-Letter Day. HT., on R. male parent. the HT. rose, Lady Alice mtl/wlla. The flower is single, deep Stal1ley. This mi ght be the beg inning pink. of harel y ramblers of \'ery late blo0111. P rickly rose (R. ac-ic-u ZG.1'is) is native to all northern America. the twigs with STEPHEX F. HAMBLIN . 288 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

ANew Device for Layering a shorter time and require much mure .frequent attention in watering. Layering of branches was done first The use of sections of inner tubes in bv Nature in her own way. Man ob­ layering is shown in the photographs. s~ r ve d that where a branch contacted the soil or became accidentally covered T. B. MCCLELLAND. with earth or leaves, the roots often COCO Nu t Gl'OV(" Fla. broke forth, and a new plant resulted. He then proceeded to bend branches to Daffod£ls at SWG1'thmo1'e the o-round and cover them with soil , b A coIlection of 600 varieties of daf­ sometimes girdling or cutting into the fo dils offers an exceptional opportunity branch at the buried point to stimulate to study them and make comparisons root production. Often it was imprac­ between many of the newer and older ticable to bend a branch to the ground, ones. Such a collection, comprising and the practice of air-layering or mar­ more than 20,000 bulbs. has been es­ cottage resulted, in which soil or moss tablished by the A rthur Hoyt Scott was held about the branch in mid-air. Horticultural Foundation at Swarth­ Many devices may be and have been more College, Swarthmore. Pa., under used for holding the soil or moss in the directorship of Mr. J ohn C. \Vister. place such as a wrapping of gunny­ There are three separate plantings. sacking, or split earthen pots, or boxes The first of 100 varieties and 10.000 of bamboCJ . A device not known to bulbs, mainly of the older ones. is plant­ have been used previously, was recent­ ed at the edge of the lawn among trees ly tried at the U. S. Plant Introduction and pe rennials. The second. of 280 Garden at Coconut Grove, Florida, varieties and about 11.000 bulbs. is where the use of sect ions of old inner planted in raised Dutch beds and C0111- tubes originated with E. V..r. Shaw. prises most of the popular varieties The branch to be marcotted, first has handled by Ameri can seedsmen and

a rinbo- of bark removed, or instead of dealers. Finally. there are about 300 girdling, a diagonal upward cut is made novelties and over 1,000 bulbs in a into the branch and the cut held open coldframe. each variety plainly labeled by a very small pebble or other obsta­ with the name, class, and source of the cle. Then a one-foot secti on of inner bulbs. tube is placed over and about the cut \i\f hen visited bv the writer on iVlay portion and is tied below. The impro­ 7, 1940. the height of the flowering vised "pot" is next filled with damp­ season had passed, but it presented a ened sphagnum moss. The open top favorable period to observe and com­ catches rainfaIl and permits easy water­ pare the late-midseason and late va­ ing. No evaporationoccprs through rieties. the mbber side walls, and the drainage The trumpet class was largely out of can be regulated by the tightness of the bloom but a few of the later va ri e ti ~s tie at the bottom. were in good condition. Lord of the ' For large marcottes, sections of auto­ Manor is a large yellow, of medium mobile inner tubes have proved well height. and exceIlent form. Bra va 'is adapted, particularly in the smaller taIl, large, and of good form. Kimbe'r­ sizes. For layering very ~mal1 branches, ley is outstanding because of its huge bicycle tubes have been used. These size and a big flaring rough trumpet ; small, thin-waIled tubes, however, last light lemon yellow. Sultan has a very Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 289

BlIreall of Plaij t [ndllst'ry

iVlarcotti.ng F'intS pandurata

Fig. 1.-Close v/;ew of lIlarcott Fig. 2.-Ba.ck View Fig. 3.-Use of i'Nll er t:ube Fig. 4.-JlIIarcotti'llg technique on i.VI eg·istostegium 1'etus'u11'! 290 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL ,VIAGAZINE Oct., 1941

long tubular trumpet with a neat flar­ St. Egwin always commands atten­ ing brim. Although Tor was rated me­ tion because of its height, large size, dium in size, it is one of the outstanding perfect form, and uniform clear soft varieties among the yellows because of yellow color. Bagdad is possibly a its polished ivory smoothness, rich col­ more striking Ban'ii because of the or, and fine form. Hebron rated equal­ sharply defined broad scarlet band ly high in form and quality. Because around the rim of the cup, and it is of its smoothness, good form, and very nearly if not quite as tall, large. and large size, Youth would be rated much vigorous. Cordova, one of the newer better if the stems were stretched a few vari eties, makes, with the above, a fine inches. tri o in the group of yellow Barriis that Although classed as jonquil hybrids. contains too few really high-class varie­ 1'vI r. \Vister placed General Pershing ties. It is also very large, smooth, and and N uma Pompilius with the yell ow quite circular and has a shallow cup trumpets. They meet the description stained dark rich red. of yellow trumpets, have one flower on There are so many good bicolor Bar­ a stelll , are very tall, and of the deep riis. mostly rather late bloomers, that ri ch yell ow color of many of the jonquil it is difficult to select a few. Danger is hybrids. 1)£ medium size, opens with a yell ow­ Chastity rates high among the white ish tint that soon passes to white, and trumpets; although it opens cream. it has a dark yellow cup with a broad passes to white. It is large, tall. and a blood-red rim. Fleur is of good for111 good one. and size and has a large. flattish, yel­ Dreadnaught. His Excellency. and low cup. Mayflower is very tall, a Po­ Locamo were the most notable of the eticus-Barrii hybrid, having broad gli s­ bi color trumpets. They are valuable tening white petals and a yellow eye hecause of their late-bl ossoming period. with reel picotee. Peggy has very broad Dreadnaught is a big yell ow. His Ex­ round petals and a small ri ch yellow celiency has a light-yellow trumpet; is cup. If Pride of Virginia had Ill ore large. tall. of good form, and long last­ substance. it would be a great fl ower ing. Locarno is very vigorous, but not but the petals are too fl oppy. It has the as smoo th as Silvanite. a nother li ght­ hei ght, size, an el color that make it a colored one. very attracti\'e garden plant. Sta1l1b oul The Incomparabilis were mostly past has an unusually interesting and attrac­ their prime. Brotonne was outstanding tive cup with overlapping frills, orange among the yellows. It is a very large edged bright reel. It i large and of flower of fine form, has a canary-yellow excellent forlll. Therapia was, as al­ Perianth and a spreading saturnine-reel ways, outstanding. Although intro­ crown. Agra is one of the best and duced in 1927. it has probably not been showiest. It is very large and regular surpassed as a show fl ower. with very broad overlapping creamy Mr. \ iV ister has a special fondnes:::. white perianth of great substance, and for white fl owers and has brought to­ a large spreading crown of bright gether a very notable group of the orange. Very vigorous and a free huge-crowned Leedsii s. Andes and bloomer it is also a high-class exhibi­ Water Lily are very large ( 5 inches) tion fl ower. Palma has a large fla t informal flowers of T enedos type. One orange crown and broad white rounel of the three would be sufficient for petals. most collections. Daisy Schaffer was Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 29 1 outstanding because of its great size, very tall and vigorous. Gerani um pro­ shapely form, and gorgeous lemon frill duces fo ur fl owers on a stem and has a that develops on the crown as the flow­ large orange cup, whereas Irmelin is er ages. It is long-lasting, tall, and taller than most of the Poetaz and has vigorous. Carnlough and Dunlewey, an orange-red cup. two of Guy \ iV ilson's originations, were No Poet seemed to outshine its notable for this high quality and brothers and sisters, there being more smoothness. Carnlough has a soft-pink si milarity among the flowers of this frilled crown that quickly fades to group than among the others. Thelnn white; Dunlewey is a free. vigorous appeared as good as any. It is tall. grower, but the stem is rather short. vigorous, and proli fic. Pinkeen, another \ \1i lso n origination. is Romagna is a striking double, a large a medium-sized fl ower of fine fo rm and flow er having yellow and orange petals. quality that may have a pink crown in Inglescombe, H olland's Glory, and Ireland but the color does not develop P rimrose P hoenix were much alike in under the warm sunny ski es of eastern size and form but presented a nice America. Graci ous is a large long­ range in shade of the self-yell ows. standing fl ower. of good size, form, and EDWIN C. POWELL substance. Silve r Star. although a me­ dium-sized fl ower is one of the best of the group-well proportioned, early, Th.ree Interesting Foreig'lI ers and long standing. P ucell e resembles F lower histories a re often sad. Sc. St. Egwin in shape but is not so tall. many beauties have had their day and It is a vigorous plant that produces a gone, leaving little to tell of their flower of distinct character and qual­ charms. A picture in the Botanical ity. Sublime is a pink-crowned Hower Magazine, perhaps or in one of Jac­ of better form than Mrs. R. O. Back­ quin's or R edoute's bi g tomes or a brief house but the color does not hold so reference in the Kew Index. \ iV e know well. It has pointed petals and is a de­ no more of the reasons they left the cided addition to the "pink" group. early gardens and greenhouses than we Nell y, because of its size, broad pet­ know why the Maya civili zation failed a Is. and high quality, dominated the or why the Khmers lost Angkor Wat. group of small-crowned Leedsiis. One or more of the same reasons in No collection of daffodils would be each case, probably, climate. enemies c0 1l1 plete without some of the smaller or disease. The people of Chitchen­ fl owers. Acolyte and Shot Silk, Trian­ Itza and Angkor have gone but the drus hybrids having broad petals and fl owers may li ve sti ll , perhaps, in some being vigorous and proli fic seemed to old English gardens. W e li ke to think outshi ne the othe.r varieties. Aurelia, so. although bearing generally one fl ower to a stem, rather eclipsed the other jon­ The Brilliant lv' erines quil hybrids in beauty of form and rich­ ness of color. Many survive and overcome 11l1mer­ Kino-craft is a decided addition to the ous vicissitudes of neglect and the rather " large group of cluster-flowered crowding out by later arrivals or di s­ Poetaz although it produces only two appear for a time onl y to stage a strong flowers on a stem. It has broad round return. Among this group we find the petals, a large flat yellow eye, and is nerines which seem about to make a 292 THE NATIO:--JAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 19·H

specLacular bi d [o r popularity in the make splendid subjects fo r greenhouse U nited States. A nyone who has seen and sunr00 1l1 and as annuals or SU111m er the lovely nerines in recent horticul­ bulbs. T hey deserve to be better tural exhlLitions will be glad rlo have known. The principal things to re­ t h ~ m become abun dant here, old timers member are that they need all the SUII­ that they a re. They are fl owers of shine we can give them and that bulbs beautiful and interesting fo rms and of must be thoroughly ripened. Coming exqui site colors, ranging from deep as most of them do from parts of South crimson-scarlet through cherry and sal­ Africa where the rains fa ll abundantly mon tones to .vhi te. T hey have more­ at one season and then are fo ll owed by over an unusual quali ty. T he perianth months of dry weather. the bulbs fa ce segments gli sten as if the entire· surface condi tions after bloomi ng almost li ke were set with tiny mirrors giving a those of our western deserts. Ripen sparkling brilliant look to the fl owers. them well and they wi ll bloom fo r you. By artificial light they seem to be frost­ Nerines belon g to the fa m ily ed with fi ne gold dust. E. H. \ I\Tilson A maryllidaceae and are of ,two types. speaks of seeing acres of them in bloom that in which the stamens protrude in South Africa ! stiffly and the one where they are T hey ha \'e their own history. I n the declinate or drooping. In some the 16th or 17th century a shi p came from perianth segments are broad and fl at. J apan, stopping as they practicall y al­ in others narrow and cri sped or flu ted. ways did at the Cape of Good Hope for T he two types are qui te distin ct but water and supplies. Among the cargo the di ffi cul ty comes when one tri es to brought north was a shipment of ner­ give a defini te name to a particular ines intended no doubt for Engli sh gar­ flower. for they ha \'e been so crossed dens. T he shi p was wrecked on the and recrossed that even the 111 en who coast of the Channel I land, Guernsey. grow them and exhibit them cannot tell \I\Tashed ashore with eit her wreckage. you just what they are. T he stiff­ the nerine bul bs lav unnoticed for a stalll ened one shown belongs to the type ti me. the sand covering them ti ll a year "'hich includes N . sarll ie ll si-s (the or two later, the islanders we re sud­ Guernsev Lily) and N. curvifolia. wi th denly thrilled by the sight of the gor­ its varieties fothergilli and fot hergilli geous fl owers. T he possibilities in their l1laJor. cul ture were seen and ever since then Ca. 1I Yo /.( NGl /'I e T his Flo'wer? the so-called Guernsey L ily has been T his one with the long drooping grown in large quantities and shipped stamens and the much recurved petals. to E nglalid. T he Guernsey climate though it was bought for a nerine and suits them perfectly. But alas, thi s love­ has many traits of the second type of ly tale is fa ble, fo r no nerine grows in the genus, whi ch includes u,ndulata. J apan. /'I/(Il lil-is, fi exbosa, etc., but more prob­ So far the neri nes, though there have ably a lycori s fo r it resembles very been a few fin e coll ections of them. have cl osely L. mdiata. T he two genera, been rather rare in America but they Nerine and L')'C01'is, are nearly related are not hard to grow. Only a small and the names have been used back and number of the South African plants are fo rth. Ljlcoris m d'iata has indulged hardy in the northern states but I'nany in a diversity of names, having bee 11 of them will do we ll in the south, lflo ur­ called at times, N prine ja ponica . Rayed ish in California and will in 't11e"'I16rth Lily Daffodil and Snowdrop Leavecl Oct., 1941 T H E NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE . 293

Sarah V. Coombs

Fig. 1.- 1Ve'r'illes Fig. 2 .-Schizostyiis coccillca (Pin./? Kaffir L ily)

A maryllis beside its probable true 11 ame lime rubbi sh vv ith it cl oes very weI!' " f)f L ycon's ra dia ta. It is a nati ve of Most of them are fa ll-bloomi ng--Octo­ China and J apan. T here is much C0 11- ber or November-with leaves fo llow· l Ll sion in the names of many of these ing t h ~ fl owers. In warm cli mates they old fl owers and there a re li fetimes of are to be put in a sunny :iflot where they botanical work to be given to stra igien­ may be dry a nd warm ill summer for ing them out. their ri pening. In the north put three B ulbs of these groups a re not a bit bulbs in a S-inch pot and do not repot fussy. Indeed the South African fl ow­ till bursting of the pot is threatened .lS er s, among whi ch we may fo r the mO­ thev hate to be disturbed. R ub off the m ent include thi s other, if their very bulblets if necessary. F resh earth may defini te a nd simple needs a re consid­ be added when g rowth is sta rting by erecl. are a n amiable lot and should be replacing the top in ch or two. T he g rown far more th~n thev are. It is so fl ower stalk g rows quickly, fo ll owed by exciting for a fl ower show judge to the leaves. \Vhen g rowth starts, in come suddenl y on a brand-new fl ower! September or October probably. water T hese ju ~l ges a re a hard-working g roup carefully at fi rst. the!i increase a nd give a nd deserve some reward. plenty of water till the leaves begin to' If you plant any of these bulbs. make turn yell ow, perhaps in Mav. Give the soil of good medium loam with sand weak manure water occasionall y and enough to make it porous and add bone keep up the cul tivation through the meal. Some gardener says : "A little whole growing period, then withhold 294 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1941 water gradually. After the fo liage has idea for its cultivation. It belongs to died down, the best plane for the pot is the great Iris group, the Iridaceae. on its side on a greenhouse shelf in full There are no true irises in South Af­ sun all summer. A cold frame with the rica but the Schizost:yz.is, is their first glass on gives the proper treatment also cousin. Its color is a gorgeous crimson or a sunllY window in the cellar, where and when it blooms, the veld looks as the plants may be left and forgotten till if it were on fire. The rainfall which September. The warmer they are kept, starts it into bloom ends in May-the tbe smer they are to blo0 111. The only seasons are opposite to ours and the pest that seems to trouble them is mealy time co rresponds to our autumn-after bug but they have a clean fine growth whi ch rainy season the ground becol11es that often is quite free from anv trouble. as hard and baked as a brick and the They like a cool greenhouse b'ut do not plant becomes dormant till the rains need one and wi ll grow and bloom in come agalll. a sunny window. I say this advisedly. The picture shown here is of the The fl owers grow, 4 to 30 in an um­ vari ety :Mrs. H egarty, the Pink Kaffir bel at the end of a tall scape and the L ily. Though \'erv generally consid­ leaves are strap-shaped, dark rich ered a vari ety of the species Cocci11ea, green. The fl owers may be set among it may perhaps be a separate species ferns or fo li age plants which wi ll fill in si nce a fl ower. gathered at an altitude the bareness due to their own delayed of 3,000 feet. was described by its find­ leaves. They are strikingly beautiful er as a "beautiful pilll,> Hesperantha." the genus H es para IIth a being a closely and in terest in u~ with their bali stenincr;::, petals and long colored stamens. related. alm ost identical one. In any Through no fault of the dealers but case the two Kafftr Lili es are much simply because the group as a whole alike in everything but color and bloolll­ needs some straightening out, you may ing time, the Mrs. H egarty variety he­ not always receive the exact kind YO ll ing a pure clear pink and blooming a order, but tlwy are all lovely so there month or two earli er than the scarlet will he li ttle to regret in any case. one. The pretty fl owers grow on long The Kaffi1' Li'l'v slender stalks and a re fine for c u t tin ~. Schiz~sty lis -(oefi ll ea. Kaffir or Fire lasting a long time in water. The scar­ r -ily. Here we are on surer ground. let kaffir Lily does not bloom till Oc­ This SOll th Afri can fl ower has been tober or November so is useful in the known to .English gardeners for a long north only as a potted or cold frame t'lme but Slllce the genus is a small one. subject. In the south and on the west with only two or perhaps three species, coast, it would be a garden plant. The there is no great abundance of hybrids, pink one. blooming so much earlier. which are interesting to the gardener from A ugust to October, can be grown but confusing to the botanist. The outdoors in summer if planted early Kaffir Lily is found growing wild in enough. E ither crimson or pink, the many different parts of South A fri ca . Kaffir Lily is well worth a trial. eastern and central, Transvaal, Griqua­ land, Swaziland, etc., but practically al­ SARAH V. COOMBS ways very near water, which gives an Scarsdale, N. Y. Index to Volume 20

Figures in italics represent illustrations

_-\Iaska Wild F lowers ______58 h eterod oxa ______60 --1Il i U,/1/ ra e nrl (, 11 1/1 ______259 / a,e t i fi ora ______164 flavu111 -- ______259 /atifolia ______164 od orU111 ______259 patula ______163. 769 pu.lchellum, ______259 Posehars/?yana ______172 pu I/e tata ______16G _-llsille Pl( bera. ------______154, 155 Androsace scpt(, lItrioll.alis ______60 san natica . ______166 A lltholyza 1'evo/uta ______281. 282 Trach eliu,1/'l ______166, 167 _-\pricots, F lo'A-ering ______79 Ca ll1panulas, Notes on a F ew ______163 C (11")10 pteris i llealla ______255 A 1'ctosta,phy/os m'a-ursi ______59, 60 C a ssio pc 1'1'I,e1' tellS'£alla ______58 A risae 1/'(,(/ p IIsilla ------______143. 144 Caughey, Rachel : Azaleas, F lower Spot ______55 Crabapples ______78 _-\zaleas, Hybrid, Propagation ______18 1 Crataegus cordata ______228 Azaleas, Late Flowering ______57 Some Violets ______146 Bates. A !fred: Two Di-ttanies ______283 The Illusive Tv)" V ______14 C e al'loth~ ( s papilloslIs \'. Ro'Weanu.s The Illusive Ivy. VL ______260 purpure'lH ______68, 69 Begonias ------______8 Celtis occidelltalis ___ .______285 B egonia clnllabari'lla ______121 C ephaloeereu.s polylo ph liS ______62 Davisii ------______1, 8 C eTC estis sa,g'ittat14.s ______74, 75 nit ida ------______8 Characters, Transmission of _____ .___ 208 r icim'folia ------______11, 13 C h.r-ysogoIV1,~m, ______217 R oxlnr rgh ii ------______12, 13 Clarke, Walter B.: socotra l7a ------______8 Flowering Apricots ______79 Begoni as, Tuberous ------121. 123 124 Clement, Annie L ee R. : B1asdale. W. c.: . , C 111"),sog 011 U,1'1'I ______217 Pri111u.la malacoides ______193 Native Gingers ______142 B owers. Clement Gray: Potentilia, tridentata ______217 R hododend ron Notes ______204. 271 Vaainiu1n crassifol,iwm ______143, 143 Bridwell , W. A. : Close. Albert: Baffling N eobessyas ______64, 65 Spaghnu111 for Seed Germination 111 B rydon, P. H. : COl11ptonia peregilla ______255 ~ o te s on R hododendron Species Cook. O . F.: at the University of Cali fornia A H ai tian Cac tus Palm Adapted B otanical Garden ______271 to Florida ______21 Camellia, T he ------______245 Coombs, Sarah V. : Campanula barbata -______163 Dilatris cor'Y11lbosa ______232. 233 m es pitosa ------______172 Gladiolus gracil1's ______70, 71 C eeii1:'i ------______171 , 172 Gnidia pill'lJolia ______71, 72 rervica r ia ------__ .163, 765 LagHrus ova,tus ______.233, 234 q/o, /'l era fa ------______164 Three Interesting Foreigners, gl01lN,erata v. acal(lis ______164 The Brilliant Nerines ______291 Gross(' f.>ii ------___ 166. 768 Crahapples, A F e\\' Hybrid ______52

[295 J 296 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1941

Crabapples, A few more Oriental 132 Graves, George: Crinu1n amab£! e ______190, 191 The Call1ellia ______245 as iMic U'/1'L ______190, 191 G;-een. Eldred E.: fi,11,~b r iatu 111. ______192 C e!tis ocet"d clltalis ______285 gigan te~f71!L ______192 Larix laricina ______222 zeylanic'u1n ______191 Lir'iodePld1'on tulipfera ______222 Cyrilla in Puerto Rico ______156 P(Eollia suffntticosa ______221 C )lri lla 1'a c em i flo ra ______154 Pinlfs stroblfs ______284 C yt is /( sCali forni a ______109 Rosa Harison's Yellow ______285 D all imo rei ______109 S)111Iploeas tinctoria ______221 Donard Seed Ii ng ______110 Verbena calladellse ______222 Dorothy \Valpole ______110 H amblin, Stephen: Fulgens ______110 Double Forms of Our Wild Geoffrey Skipwith ______110 Roses ______285 Lord Lambourne ______110 Hayden, Stella: McGill ______109 E chi 11 0 ps is sp p. ______61. 63 1n1f ltif! 0 n£s ______110 H eleniul1'l telluijolilfl1l ______235. 236 Occi dental ______109 Hemlocks ______81 Pom::ma ______109 Henry, Mary G. : San Francisco ______109 E lli 0 tt ia 1'a cC lllOsa ______223 sea POI' ius ______108 Hope. Claude: scoparilfs v. A ndreallus ______108 Sphagnum for Seed Germination 111 Southern California ______109 Irises. Some Notes of Oregon S ta n ford ______109 230. 231 Daffodils at Swarthmore ______, _____ 238 Ivy, Green Quartz ______10 Day, Lambert: Halms Minature ______1-+ Begonias ______8 Long Point ______16, 17 Tuberous Begonias ______121 YIaple Queen ______18 Dictalll11US alblfs ______283 Merion Beauty ______14- J) i la t r is co 1'':.111'1 b 0 s a ______232. 233 Pi tts burg h ______14- Echinowcl1fs Crusonii ______218 Sylvan Beauty ______18 Echinopana.r ho-rridlflll ______237, 237 Ivy. The Illusive, V ______14 Echinopsis spp. ______61 hy, The Illusive. VL ______260 Edwards, Lucia F.: Jacobs. Maude R.: Two Pacific Coast Shrubs ______68 Propagating Tropical \Vater- Elsholtzia Stau,ntoni- ______255 lilies at Home ______151 Eugenia Iambus ______158, 159 Jenkins, Charles: nlliotti'a -racemosa ______223, 224, 225 Hemlocks ______81 Foreigners, Three Interesting ______291 J( igelia, pil1l'1a.ta ______76, 77 Fox, Helen M,: King, Mrs. Francis: A Garden of Sweet Perfume __ 253 Pleasures of Gardening ______1 Alsine pu,bera ______--- ___ 154 LaJmrmlll1 vulgare ______152. 153 Lab1,{/'nU1'l~ vtdgare ______152 Laguneria Pattersoll·ii ______157, 158 N eil/io. sill ensis ______20 Lagu1"//s m'atus ______233, 234 Notes on a Few Campanulas __ 163 La,rix laricina ______222 Prif7:11aria CG11'!schalcensis ______59, 61 Lave 11 d If I a spica ______258 Gladiolus gl'acilis ______70, 71 de ntata ______258 (;11 'idia. pi1'I,ifolia -- ______~_ 71 , 72 m /.I,lti fida ______258 Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 2<)7

Layering, A New Device fOL ______288 N eobessyas, Baffling ______64 L ema:ireocereus Dll1'1wrtieri ______62 N otocact1tS 0 ttonis ______64 L e·uchtenbergia prillcipis ______144 S c 0 pa ______64 L e I,£C oj1 ,£1"11 oes t iv'u11'L ______135 Ooth1'inax ano111.ala ______21 , 23,24, a ntU11IIIa 11' ______135 25, 29, 31 , 33,40, 41 , 46, 47, 31 h jlema Ie -______.______135 Olympicans ______213 10ngfoliu111 ---______135 Or iganu111 dic ta11L11 us ______283 Pulc h ell /,1111 --.----______136 Paeonia suffndicosa ______221 ros e U 711 ---______136 PassiftoTG q'uadrangulan's ______279. 280 t I' ico Ph yll [(111 ______136 Peony, The Moutan Tree ______173 vel' /1.1(111 ------______136 Perfume, A Garden of Sweet.______253 Lilacs ------c------______89 P erovskia. abrota'l1oides ______255 Lilium, Barry Hybrids ______226. 227 X Phlox H en1'yae ______150, 151 Liriodendroll t[(fipifera ______222 Phyllodoce glandulifloTG ______58 L'ycoris 1'adiata ______292 PiNUS strobus ______284- McClelland. T. B.: Pit, Sun-Heated in Virginia ______178 A New Device for Layering ____ 233 Plant Hunting in Alaska ___ : ______237 McIlvaine, Frances Edge: Pleasures of Gardening ______1 Chionanthus ______229 Pot e ntiUa. t-ride·nta.ta ______217 The Leucoju111s ______135 Powell, Edwin c.: McLean, Forman T.: Daffodils at Swarthmore ______288 Crinums ------______190 Price, E. Freedley: li1 all(s brl'vi PI'S ----______132 Lilium Barry Hybrids ______226 IHI Pe he 1'1 sis ------______132 Prim'uta malacoides ______193 PI' unifoha ------______134 Pruvey, Herbert: Sal' 9 e 11 t i ------______132, 133 Transmission of Characters ______208 S ie boldii ---______.____ 13-1- X Rhododendron hjlb1'·idum ____ 138, 139 t01'ingoides --- ______13-1- impeditu11'I ______211 , 212 z umi calocarpa ______133 135 int1'ica t U11L ______207, 212 At! alus atrosanguillea ______: ______: 53 Rhododendron, N otes of Species 11'/.i cr 0111 alu,s -----______53 at University of California plfrplf1'ea A ldcllhamellsis ______53 Botanical Garden ______271 p1f.1'pUrea A lde11halllc11sis ______53 Rock Gardening, Cornell Studies 266 plwpurea Le1110inei ______54 Roses , Double Forms of Our \Vilcl 285 robusta ------______54 Rosa. acicula.ris ______286 Jv! al1l11ttillaria ca11'lptotrich.a ______145 blanda ______286 lvlitchell. Sydney B.: californica ______287 Some Brooms Vvorth Growing _ 108 Harison's Yellow ______285 MOllardella lallceolata ______80 II u.t ka.na ______287 setige-ra. ______Muclf1'la Belll1ettii ------__ 160, 107 287 111'yrica /)(' ll1lsvlvallica ______257 s If ff u lata ______------286 N e peta gralldifolia ______:: 259 v1rg J.J1W I ta ______286 1Il a era II t h a -______259 Sain.t pa u.lia ______73 1Il elis sa I' a fo1 ia -______259 Saxe, Robert E.: Ml(ssil'l-i --- ______259 Rock Gardening in California --- 140 Nerines. The BrillianL ______291. 293 S chizost:\'lis coail1 (' a ______293. 294 N ('v i[(sia ------______78 Sharples, Ada White: N (' illia sill (' lI sis ______20 Alaska \ Vild Flowers ______58 298 T HE ~AT IONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct.. 1941

Sherrard, Drew: Golden W est ~______99 Some Notes on Oregon Irises ____ 230 1m perial ______100 Stoutemyer, Vernon T.: J upi ter ______101 P ropagation of H ybrid Azaleas Mrs. Buskirk ______102 by Greenwood Cuttings in Mrs. Sawyer ______103 Outdoor Frames ______181 Royal Purple ______104 Sphagnum for Seed Germina- Shirley Marie ______105 ti on ______"______111 St.Louis ______106 Use of Simple Frames ______126 Snow White ______" ___ 107 Symplo cos ti11ctor-ia ______221 Water-lilies, Tropical Day bloom- Tsnga canadells'is ______81 , 84, 86. 87 I ng ______94 w n.adens£s albo-s picata ______87 Waters, Mrs. Silas B. : Illin u fa ______87 S aintpaulia ______73 (Ii ill e li Sis ______82 Wherry, Edgar T.: lii'lie I's1:jol ia ______~______82 A New Hybrid Phlox ______151 d 1f 11/Osa ______82 \iVi lson, Warren Ii etero phj1lla ______84- c.: Cornell Rock Gardening Studies 266 1/'1 erte I!sia na ______81, 84 S ieboldii ______82 \\filson, \iVarren c.: Rock Garden Notes ______214 ,}' lfnna'i'I eI'lS'IS ______82 Verb ena calladell Se ______222 W ilder, \iVa lter Beebe: Vitex N egul'ldo illc,isa ______25-l- P lant Hunting in Alaska ______237 Violets. Some ______146 \iV ister, J ohn C. : Lilacs ______89 \Yalker. Violet N iles: Sun Heated P it in V irginia ______178 The Moutan Tree Peony ______173 \Vater-lilies: vf/itse11ia maura ______148, 149 _L\lice Tricker ______95 Vlyman, Donald: Clevelan d ______96 A Few Hybrid Crabapples ______52 E nchantress ______97 A Few More Oriental Crab- General Pershing ______98 apples ______132 Oct., 1941 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE

TREE PEONIES Aristocrats of AZALEAS - HOll I ES the garden BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS We have the largest colleGtion in America and offer. them in their sepa­ Write for Catalogue rate types (European or Chinese, J apa­ nese and the Yellow Lutea H ybrids). LE-MAC NURSERIES, Hampton , Va . Co lors range from a pure white through yellow and pink to the darkest red. Illustrated catalog on req uest. \Ve also offer a fine coll ection of Herbace­ 1500 VARI ETI ES ous Peonies. Peonies, Iris, Poppies OBERLIN PEONY GARDENS and Hemerocallis Dep t . H SINKING SPRING, i>ENNA. Ask for Free Catalog No. 910 C. F. WASSENBERG • VAN WERT. OHIO CACTUS and other SUCCULENTS Free lilust.rate{l Catalogue Our New 72-page Catalog Is full of New, Rare and Time-Tested Trees, Shrubs, FOR SALE-Profusely Plants from all parts of the world. Illustrated, Super· A Copy Sent on Request Excellent Books Castus for the Amateur, THE TINGLE NURSERY CO. $1 .00 211 GARDEN LANE PITTSVILLE, MD. Succulents for the Amateur, $1.50 PEONY ARISTOCRATS for your yards and gal'dens. Only the best of old and KNICKERBOCKER NURSERY new varieties. at alrtl act.i \'C prices. Our Catalog names ROUTE NO .3 SAN DIEGO. CALIFORNIA best com mercial cut-flower \':nieties, and gives \'aluable p lant ing and g-row ing instructions. HARMEL PEONY COMPANY ' '';!l.",. _.; .., ,, ~ ,",, ~. .. ~_ : ~GHwe.e-Si~f ;;; F.i.R e P eonies Since 1911 ~MENTI-oNTHE BERLIN . MARYbAND

NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL NEW AND RARE MAGAZINE Species of Rhododendron WHEN DEALING -WITH Many of these h ave been grown directly from seeds coll ected in 'Vest China., Thibet and a.dia­ OUR ADVERTISERS cen t territor y. List on l'equest. JOS. B. GABLE t;tewartstown Pennsylvania

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Please write for my illustrated catalogue of JAPANESE GAR­ DEN TREASURES which includes numerous choice and much. improved varieties of TREE P AEONIES, HERBACEOUS PAEONIES, IRIS KAEMPFERI GIGANTEA, ACERS, CAMEL­ LIAS, AZALEAS, etc., along with many other choice shrubs, alpine, and herbaceous plants '~1hi ch have neyer been offered elsewhere. Please write for the most complete catalo gue eyer published of J apanese Lily Bulbs and Seeds. A wholesale catalogue 01 various native seeds, garden and greenhouse flow er seeds, Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissi and other miscellaneous bulbs will be sent on application.

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YEAR BOOKS

of THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

THE AMERICAN DAFFODIL YEARBOOKS, 1936, 1937, 1938 THE AMERICAN LILY YEARBOOKS, 1939, 1940 THE LILY BULLETIN FOR BEGINNERS, 1941

No good gardener should be without these books. They represent milestones in the horti. cultural progress of our country. Each differs from the other so there is no duplication. The Daffodil Yearbooks are fifty cents postpaid; the Lily Yearbooks, one dollar; the Bulletin, twenty­ five cents. Please address, The Secretary and make check to the Society.

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INVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel­ opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICUL­ TURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing impor­ tance among the horticultural publications of the da.y and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees appointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden platl'tS, conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, therefore, brings one the advantages of membership in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem­ berships but aHiIiations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it oHers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be addressed to the Secretary, 821 Washington Loan and Trust Building, Washington, D. C.