DOCSLIB.ORG

Rock Garden Quarterly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rock Garden Quarterly ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 53 NUMBER 1 WINTER 1995 COVER: Aquilegia scopulorum with vespid wasp by Cindy Nelson-Nold of Lakewood, Colorado All Material Copyright © 1995 North American Rock Garden Society ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY formerly Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society VOLUME 53 NUMBER 1 WINTER 1995 FEATURES Alpine Gesneriads of Europe, by Darrell Trout 3 Cassiopes and Phyllodoces, by Arthur Dome 17 Plants of Mt. Hutt, a New Zealand Preview, by Ethel Doyle 29 South Africa: Part II, by Panayoti Kelaidis 33 South African Sampler: A Dozen Gems for the Rock Garden, by Panayoti Kelaidis 54 The Vole Story, by Helen Sykes 59 DEPARTMENTS Plant Portrait 62 Books 65 Ramonda nathaliae 2 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 53:1 ALPINE GESNERIADS OF EUROPE by Darrell Trout J. he Gesneriaceae, or gesneriad Institution and others brings the total family, is a diverse family of mostly Gesneriaceae of China to a count of 56 tropical and subtropical plants with genera and about 413 species. These distribution throughout the world, should provide new horticultural including the north and south temper• material for the rock garden and ate and tropical zones. The 125 genera, alpine house. Yet the choicest plants 2850-plus species include terrestrial for the rock garden or alpine house and epiphytic herbs, shrubs, vines remain the European genera Ramonda, and, rarely, small trees. Botanically, Jancaea, and Haberlea. and in appearance, it is not always easy to separate the family History Gesneriaceae from the closely related The family was named for Konrad Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum, Digitalis, von Gesner, a sixteenth century natu• Calceolaria), the Orobanchaceae, and ralist. Gesner influenced the develop• Bignoniaceae (Incarvillaea, Campsis). ment of a number of sciences. He When thinking of gesneriads most made studies and published major people think of tropical and rain forest works on plants and animals between plants but there are a number of mean• 1551 and 1565. His love of mountains ingful exceptions to that generaliza• and alpine plants led to his authoring tion. From Chile come the temperate what is considered to be the first trea• gesneriads Aster anther a, Mitraria, and tise on alpine plants, published in Sarmienta, which have been grown 1555. Gesner said, "I am resolved successfully outdoors in the Pacific henceforth...so long as life is granted Northwest and in the British Isles. The me by divine providence, every year Japanese Conandron and Opithandra to ascend several mountains or at least have been grown in USDA zones 2 one when plants are in full growth, and 3. The more recent introduction partly for knowledge of them, partly from China, Hemiboea henryi, has sur• for noble exercise and gladdening of vived several Long Island winters. the mind. How great indeed are the Recent botanizing in China by Dr. enjoyment and the delights of the spir• Laurence Skog of the Smithsonian it as it's affected by contemplating in 3 wonder the vastness of the mountains Baron. As a native of region of the and raising one's head as it were Pyrenees, this natural scientist made among the clouds." (One wonders the observation that in high mountains how rhapsodic Gesner would have the vertical zones of vegetation might been had he actually seen the alpines be equivalent to horizontal zones in a in his namesake family.) north-south relationship. Humboldt Considering the popularity of the later developed this concept in detail. most frequently cultivated genera (Saintpaulia, Sinningia, Columnea and Streptocarpus), it is surprising that the Ramonda alpine, hardy, and half-hardy gesneri- The three species of Ramonda are ads are not better known and more similar in appearance, all forming low- widely cultivated. growing rosettes of hairy, evergreen, The rock gardening community, crinkled, short-petioled leaves with particularly in Europe, knows and scalloped or irregularly toothed mar• thinks highly of these rock garden gins. Clusters of from two to six flow• plants. Reginald Farrer, writing in his ers emerge from the leaf axils. The 1907 classic My Rock-Gar den, refers to corolla is nearly regular with a very the alpine gesneriads as "a group of short tube and lobes that lay flat. The rock-plants before whom we ought to usual flower color is purple with a yel• go down in gratitude on our knees." low center, although pink and white Much earlier, in 1587, the recorded his• colors occur naturally in all three tory of the family begins with Jacques species. (In the early 1900s Farrer Dalechamps, Historia Generalis described named color selections, Plantarum, which included one of the although none pleased him as much as European alpines, Ramonda myconi, the ordinary form.) The stamens are which was there called Auricula ursi inserted at the base of the corolla on myconi. Dalechamps noted that it was short filaments. The fruit is a linear called Auricula ursi by Franciscus capsule. Myconus (or Myco'), but that it was Ramonda myconi (frequently misla- unlike the other auriculas. It was culti• belled R. pyrenaica or R. myconii; the vated in the Low Countries in 1604. In first an accurate site-name (Pyrenees) 1629 the noted British herbalist John that was applied later than the hon• Parkinson, in his Paradisus Terrestris, orific; the second, a misapplication of called it "Blew Bearews Eares with naming rules) has broad, oval, hairy Borage Leaves" (still keeping it with leaves 2-2.5" wide, irregularly toothed the alpine primulas), and it is likely around the margin of dull green. The that he also knew it in the garden. It flat rosettes frequently measure about was grown by Philip Miller in his gar• 8" across. It has a five-lobed corolla, den at Chelsea as early as 1731. one inch or more across. Flower stalks Linnaeus, in 1753, classified it as or scapes are about 6" long. It is Verbascum myconi in the eighth edition known only from the Pyrenees, on of Miller's Gardeners' Dictionary. both sides of the French-Spanish bor• In 1780 the genus name Ramonda der, where it is abundant. The other was applied in honor of Ramond de two species are endemic to the Balkan Carbonnieres, a French geologist and peninsula. statesman. For his work in populariz• Ramonda nathaliae, which was ing the concept of empire for named for the Queen of Serbia (Her Napoleon he was awarded the title of Highness Queen Natalija) was discov- 4 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 53:1 ered by Sava Petrovic on the cliffs at justice to the beauty of these plants— Jelasnica, and later on the top of Suva let Reginald Farrer do that when he Planina. Sites have been confirmed in described R. nathaliae as, "wonderfully the north and south of Albania, with free in the flower," and "the flowers more likely to be found. are rather larger, earlier, and infinitely Ramonda serbica was discovered in more bright and delicate," and, "a 1847 by Josip Pancic on the mountain clump of Ramondia [sic] Nataliae [sic] in of Rtanj. It was also found in other good bloom beats every other beauti• sites, in what was then known as ful Ramondia [sic] quite into the back• Serbia, including Jelasnica and Sicevo ground." Graham Stuart Thomas said, Gorge near Nis. Additional sites in "To see those beautiful lilac flowers Albania, Bulgaria, and Epiraean projecting from the furry green Greece have been noted. There are no rosettes of Ramonda myconii [sic], set in sites where R. nathaliae and R. serbica a vertical crevice, is one of the great occur together. spring joys to me." The similar appearance of these two Balkan Peninsula species has caused some botanists to conclude they were Haberlea the same species. They both grow as Haberlea rhodopensis was introduced low rosettes of dark-green leaves with into cultivation in 1881 from sites in similar colored flowers and live on cal• the Rhodope Mountains in both north careous cliffs in mountainous regions. and south Bulgaria and northeast Although most botanists point to the Greece. The plants form large masses, four-lobed corolla of R. nathaliae ver• covering every nook and cranny on sus the five-lobed corolla of R. serbica the shady limestone cliffs at altitudes and the bluish anthers rather than yel• between 400 and 700 meters. This low, the Yugoslav botanist Kosanin species has the heart-stopping habit of stated, "The clearest morphological shrivelling up in the summer heat, yet difference is apparent in the shape of recovering when autumn mists and the leaves. The quadripartite nature of rain begin. the petals in R. nathaliae is variable, The leaves are tough (more leathery and while the insignificant differences than Ramonda), slightly hairy and in the length of filaments and anthers dark green with a serrated edge bear• may be lost in dried plants, the leaf ing a row of hairs projecting from the shape never varies." Ramonda serbica edge (described by some as a row of has a smoother leaf that is rhomboidal hairs on a toothbrush). Young plants in shape, quite strongly toothed, grow as flat rosettes, while older upturned at the edge, and which nar• plants have a tendency to produce rows gradually to a wide, short stem. tufts of the somewhat shiny leaves. The leaf of Ramonda nathaliae has a Buds are formed at the base of the more oval form, is not as deeply rosettes and are visible at the begin• toothed, and rounds directly into a ning of the growing season. The corol• substantially longer petiole. Ramonda la is almost twice the length of the serbica has fewer and smaller flowers brownish-purple, hairy calyx. The on longer scapes. Ramonda serbica has lilac-to-purple corolla is not flat as in a chromosome number of n=36, JR.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier • an Elevational Zone Just Below Timberline but Above the Reach of More Or Less Continuous Tree Or Shrub Cover
    Sub-Alpine/Alpine Zones and Flowers of Mt Rainier Lecturer: Cindy Luksus What We Are Going To Cover • Climate, Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier • Common Flowers, Shrubs and Trees in Sub- Alpine and Alpine Zones by Family 1) Figwort Family 2) Saxifrage Family 3) Rose Family 4) Heath Family 5) Special mentions • Suggested Readings and Concluding Statements Climate of Mt Rainier • The location of the Park is on the west side of the Cascade Divide, but because it is so massive it produces its own rain shadow. • Most moisture is dropped on the south and west sides, while the northeast side can be comparatively dry. • Special microclimates result from unique interactions of landforms and weather patterns. • Knowing the amount of snow/rainfall and how the unique microclimates affect the vegetation will give you an idea of what will thrive in the area you visit. Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier • The zones show regular patterns that result in “associations” of certain shrubs and herbs relating to the dominant, climax tree species. • The nature of the understory vegetation is largely determined by the amount of moisture available and the microclimates that exist. Forest Zones of Mt Rainier • Western Hemlock Zone – below 3,000 ft • Silver Fir Zone – between 2,500 and 4,700 ft • Mountain Hemlock Zone – above 4,000 ft Since most of the field trips will start above 4,000 ft we will only discuss plants found in the Mountain Hemlock Zone and above. This zone includes the Sub-Alpine and Alpine Plant communities. Forest and Plant Communities of Mt Rainier Subalpine Meadows of Mount Rainier • An elevational zone just below timberline but above the reach of more or less continuous tree or shrub cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Records of Climate-Related Growth in Cassiope Tetragona from the Arctic
    Historical Records of Climate-Related Growth in Cassiope Tetragona from the Arctic T. V. Callaghan; B. A. Carlsson; N. J. C. Tyler The Journal of Ecology, Vol. 77, No. 3. (Sep., 1989), pp. 823-837. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28198909%2977%3A3%3C823%3AHROCGI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U The Journal of Ecology is currently published by British Ecological Society. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/briteco.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Sinningia Speciosa Sinningia Speciosa (Buell "Gloxinia") Hybrid (1952 Cover Image from the GLOXINIAN)
    GESNERIADS The Journal for Gesneriad Growers Vol. 61, No. 3 Third Quarter 2011 Sinningia speciosa Sinningia speciosa (Buell "Gloxinia") hybrid (1952 cover image from THE GLOXINIAN) ADVERTISERS DIRECTORY Arcadia Glasshouse ................................49 Lyndon Lyon Greenhouses, Inc.............34 Belisle's Violet House ............................45 Mrs Strep Streps.....................................45 Dave's Violets.........................................45 Out of Africa..........................................45 Green Thumb Press ................................39 Pat's Pets ................................................45 Kartuz Greenhouses ...............................52 Violet Barn.............................................33 Lauray of Salisbury ................................34 6GESNERIADS 61(3) Once Upon a Gloxinia … Suzie Larouche, Historian <[email protected]> Sixty years ago, a boy fell in love with a Gloxinia. He loved it so much that he started a group, complete with a small journal, that he called the American Gloxinia Society. The Society lived on, thrived, acquired more members, studied the Gloxinia and its relatives, gesneriads. After a while, the name of the society changed to the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society. The journal, THE GLOXINIAN, grew thicker and glossier. More study and research were conducted on the family, more members and chapters came in, and the name was changed again – this time to The Gesneriad Society. Nowadays, a boy who falls in love with the same plant would have to call it Sinningia speciosa. To be honest, the American Sinningia Speciosa Society does not have the same ring. So in order to talk "Gloxinia," the boy would have to talk about Gloxinia perennis, still a gesneriad, but a totally different plant. Unless, of course, he went for the common name of the spec- tacular Sinningia and decided to found The American Florist Gloxinia Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Show Schedules 2012 Ver Finale
    119. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 120. 1 pan dwarf shurb THE SCOTTISH ROCK GARDEN CLUB 121. 1 pan rock plant raised from seed by the exhibitor. Date of sowing to be stated. Botanical notes permitted, AGS note 23(e) SECTION III Open to Amateur Members of AGS and SRGC who have not won an AGS Bronze Merit Medal or more than ten First Prizes at Shows run by either Society prior to 1st January 2011. Pan size not to exceed 19 cm outside diameter 130. 3 pans rock plants, distinct 131. 1 pan rock plant in flower 132. 1 pan Gentiana 133. 1 pan Cyclamen 134. 1 pan bulbous plant 135. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 136. 1 pan rock plant native to the Northern Hemisphere 137. 1 pan rock plant for foliage effect 138. 1 pan dwarf shrub or conifer 139. 1 pan rock plant. For exhibitors who have never won a first prize at an AGS or SRGC National show SHOW SCHEDULES 2012 DUNBLANE EARLY BULB DISPLAY 18th February* BLACKPOOL SHOW 17th March* STIRLING SHOW 24th March† New Location - Show this Year is in KINCARDINE NORTHUMBERLAND 40th ANNIVERSARY SHOW, HEXHAM 31st March EDINBURGH & THE LOTHIANS SHOW 14th April* PERTH SHOW 21st April HIGHLAND SHOW, NAIRN 28th April GLASGOW SHOW 5th May* ABERDEEN SHOW 19th May* GARDENING SCOTLAND (Joint Rock Only) 2nd June* LATE BULB DISPLAY, RBGE 8th September DISCUSSION WEEKEND, DUMFRIES 29th - 30th September NEWCASTLE SHOW 13th October* AGM 10th November† *Joint Rock Garden Plant Committee meetings 48 †Photographic/Art Competition SHOWS 2012 SHOW RULES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Kluane
    26 Blueleaved strawberry Fragaria virginiana 63 Greyleaf willow Salix glauca Kluane National Park and Reserve 27 Bog blueberrry Vaccinium uliginosum 64 Ground cedar, Lycopodium complanatum 28 Bog labrador-tea Ledum groenlandica Creeping jenny 65 Hairy rockcress Arabis hirsuta 29 Boreal aster Aster alpinus 30 Boreal wormwood Artemisia arctica 66 Heart-leaf listera Listera borealis Vascular 31 Bristly stickseed Lappula myosotis 67 Heartleaf arnica Arnica cordifolia 32 Broadglumed wheatgrass Agropyron trachycaulum 68 High bush cranbery Viburnum edule Plants List 33 Broadleaf lupine Lupinus arcticus 69 Holboell's rockcress Arabis holboellii 34 Buffaloberry, Soapberry Sheperdia canadensis 70 Horned dandelion Taraxacum lacerum 35 Canada butterweed Senecio pauperculus 71 Kotzebue's grass-of- Parnassia kotzebuei 36 Chestnut rush Juncus castaneus parnassus 1 Alaska moss heath Cassiope stelleriana 37 Cleft-leaf groundsel Senecio streptanthifolius 72 Kuchei's lupine Lupinus kuschei 2 Alaska willow Salix alaxensis 38 Common horsetail Equisetum arvense 73 Labrador lousewort Pedicularis labradorica 3 Alkali bluegrass Poa juncifolia 39 Common mountain Juniperus communis 74 Lance-leaved draba Draba lanceolata 4 Alkali grass Puccinellia interior juniper 75 Lanceleaved stonecrop Sedum lanceolatum 5 Alpine bluegrass Poa alpina 40 Cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum 76 Lapland cassiope Cassiope tetragona 6 Alpine fescue Festuca ovina 41 Creeping juniper Juniperus horizontalis 77 Leafless pyrola Pyrola asarifolia 7 Alpine milk-vetch Astragalus alpinus 42 Creeping
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Plants of Bendigo
    Produced by Indigenous Plants of Bendigo Indigenous Plants of Bendigo PMS 1807 RED PMS 432 GREY PMS 142 GOLD A Gardener’s Guide to Growing and Protecting Local Plants 3rd Edition 9 © Copyright City of Greater Bendigo and Bendigo Native Plant Group Inc. This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the City of Greater Bendigo. First Published 2004 Second Edition 2007 Third Edition 2013 Printed by Bendigo Modern Press: www.bmp.com.au This book is also available on the City of Greater Bendigo website: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au Printed on 100% recycled paper. Disclaimer “The information contained in this publication is of a general nature only. This publication is not intended to provide a definitive analysis, or discussion, on each issue canvassed. While the Committee/Council believes the information contained herein is correct, it does not accept any liability whatsoever/howsoever arising from reliance on this publication. Therefore, readers should make their own enquiries, and conduct their own investigations, concerning every issue canvassed herein.” Front cover - Clockwise from centre top: Bendigo Wax-flower (Pam Sheean), Hoary Sunray (Marilyn Sprague), Red Ironbark (Pam Sheean), Green Mallee (Anthony Sheean), Whirrakee Wattle (Anthony Sheean). Table of contents Acknowledgements ...............................................2 Foreword..........................................................3 Introduction.......................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurrection Genome of Boea Hygrometrica: a Blueprint for Survival of Dehydration
    The resurrection genome of Boea hygrometrica: A blueprint for survival of dehydration Lihong Xiaoa, Ge Yanga, Liechi Zhanga, Xinhua Yangb, Shuang Zhaob, Zhongzhong Jia, Qing Zhoub, Min Hub, Yu Wanga, Ming Chenb,YuXua, Haijing Jina, Xuan Xiaoa, Guipeng Hua, Fang Baoa, Yong Hua, Ping Wana, Legong Lia, Xin Dengc, Tingyun Kuangd, Chengbin Xiange, Jian-Kang Zhuf,g,1, Melvin J. Oliverh,1, and Yikun Hea,1 aSchool of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; bBeijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; cKey Laboratory of Plant Resources and dKey Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; eSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China; fShanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; gDepartment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and hPlant Genetics Research Unit, Midwest Area, Agricultural Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 Contributed by Jian-Kang Zhu, March 26, 2015 (sent for review February 10, 2015; reviewed by Sagadevan G. Mundree and Andrew J. Wood) “Drying without dying” is an essential trait in land plant evolution. plants (5, 8), and a system approach is contemplated (4), efforts Unraveling how a unique group of angiosperms, the Resurrection are hampered by the lack of a sequenced genome for any of the Plants, survive desiccation of their leaves and roots has been ham- resurrection plants. To fill this critical gap, we sequenced the pered by the lack of a foundational genome perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences
    Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Ph.D. Thesis 2016 Mgr. et Ing. Jiří Lehejček Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Department of Forest Ecology Arctic tundra dendrochronology Ph.D. thesis Author: Mgr. et Ing. Jiří Lehejček Supervisor: prof. Ing. Miroslav Svoboda, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. Mgr. Daniel Nývlt, Ph.D. 2016 „I hereby confirm that this Ph.D. thesis “Arctic tundra dendrochronology” was elaborated independently with the usage of quoted literature and based on consultations and recommendations of my supervisor. I agree with publishing this Ph.D. thesis according to Czech law n. 111/1998 Sb. about the universities in its current valid wording. This agreement is independent from the result of defence. October 15th 2016, Prague Authors signature Acknowledgement: Many thanks especially to my supervisor prof. Ing. Miroslav Svoboda, Ph.D. who has significant credit for existence of this thesis. I would like to also thank to my consultant doc. Mgr. Daniel Nývlt, Ph.D., and my colleagues Dr. Allan Buras and prof. Martin Wilmking for their useful advices. My technical-laboratory skill would not be possible without patient care of Dr. Holger Gäertner and prof. Fritz Schweingruber. Last but not least, I must thank my family for their support of my education activities during whole life. The research leading to this thesis was supported by Internal Grant Agency of Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Project No. 20154304, and the Internal Grant Agency of Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Molecular Species Delimitation, Taxonomy and Biogeography of Sri Lankan Gesneriaceae Subhani Wathsala Ranasinghe Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own unless otherwise acknowledged and cited. This thesis has not in whole or in part been previously presented for any degree Subhani Wathsala Ranasinghe 24th January 2017. i Abstract The plant family Gesneriaceae is represented in Sri Lanka by six genera: Aeschynanthus, Epithema, Championia, Henckelia, Rhynchoglossum and Rhynchotechum, with 13 species (plus one subspecies/variety) of which ten are endemic including the monotypic genus Championia, according to the last revision in 1981. They are exclusively distributed in undisturbed habitats, and some have high ornamental value. The species are morphologically diverse, but face a problem of taxonomic delineation, which is further complicated by the presence of putative hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Innerfrontcover40 2.Indd 1 8/27/2010 2:27:58 PM BOTHALIA
    ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 40,2 Oct. 2010 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text.
    [Show full text]