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Virtual Earthquake Reconnaissance Team (VERT): Phase 1 Response to M5.7 Magna Earthquake March 18, 2020 Volunteer Authors: Yolanda Alberto, M. Omar Amini, Victor Calderon, Trevor Carey, Divya Chandrasekhar, Diego Cordero, Zoey Craun, Wilfrid G. Djima, Erica Fischer, Sara Hamideh, Zeyad Khalil, Sean McGowan, Zahraa Saiyed, Mohamadreza Sheibani, Laura Stahnke, Matt Wang, Maria Watson, Barry Welliver, Hartanto Wibowo, Kai Wu, David Yoo

EERI Staff Support: Simone Nageon de Lestang for questions contact VERT co-chairs: Erica Fischer ([email protected]) Manny Hakhamaneshi ([email protected]) Please Note: This report is based on publicly available data within 48 hours of the events. The assessment provided in the report is performed by the judgment of the authors with limited access to ground-truthing. Topic: Earthquake Characteristics VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Earthquake Characteristics

Date: Mar, 18, 2020 13:09:31.530 UTC 7:09am Local time Magnitude: Mw 5.71 Location: Shake Intensity Map1 • Epicenter located 6km NNE of Magna, Utah • 40.751°N and 112.078°W± 0.3 km 1 Depth: 11.9 km depth± 0.4 km1 Summary of Location, Fatalities, Fault Mechanism, and other Statistical Data Fault Mechanism: • The earthquake resulted from normal faulting in the shallow crust of the North American plate1. • Maximum Slip “The potential for movement on these faults to cause strong ground shaking is less well understood but likely low.”1

Max Intensity: ● Estimated as VIII Intensity ● Severe shaking ● Moderate or Heavy damage Shake Intensity Map1 Summary of Location, Fatalities, Fault Mechanism, and other Statistical Data Impact on human safety: ● 1:47 PM 03/18- no injuries or loss of life.2 ● No reports of serious injuries.3 Impact on society: ● Yellow Alert for economic losses ● 33% chances for 10-100 million losses ● Impact is expected to be local

Shake Intensity and Population Density1

Estimated Fatalities1 Estimate Economic Losses1 References

1. USGS M 5.7 - 6km NNE of Magna, Utah https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60363602/executive Retrieved March 19, 2020 2. https://www.fox13now.com/earthquake-hits-salt-lake-valley-area Retrieved March 19, 2020 3. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/earthquake-hits-utahs/ Retrieved March 19, 2020 Topic: Building Codes VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Building Codes

● International Building Code IBC 2015 / ASCE 7-10. ● Effective July 1st, 2019, IBC 2018 / ASCE 7-16 was adopted. ● Under ASCE 7-10, Risk Category II, Site Class D, (Assumed coordinates: 40.76, -111.89) ○ Ss = 1.469g ○ S1 = 0.539g ○ Sds = 0.98g ○ Sds = 0.539g ○ Seismic Design Category D Summary of Building Codes

● The major structural item in Utah Building Code Amendment is to Chapter 16 of IBC that relates to snow load, as well as seismic snow weight [1].

● State code amendment contains a parapet ordinance, which requires that the roof needs to be strengthened and tied to the walls when unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are reroofed. Also parapet walls, cornices, spires, towers, statuary and tanks must be reinforced [2]. Current Adopted Building Code International Code Council Summary of Building Codes

Utah Snow Amendment [3] Utah Amendment to IBC 2018 [4] References

[1] Section 107 Amendments to Chapter 16 of IBC. (Effective 7/1/2019) https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title15A/Chapter3/15A-3-S107.html [2] Includes discussion on enforcement overtime and seismic provisions of housing stock compared to year built https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bf72/de1fb33b62fc57d47db13d641cffb384a7e8.pdf [3] Bean, B., Maguire, M., Sun, Y. (2018), "The Utah Snow Load Study," Utah State University Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications, Paper 3589. https://utahsnowload.usu.edu/ [4] Part 1 Statewide Amendments to International Building Code https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title15A/Chapter3/15A-3-P1.html?v=C15A-3-P1_1800010118000101 Topic: Aftershocks VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Aftershocks ● 213 earthquakes have been located that occurred in the Magna, Utah, area from March 18 through March 20 including the mainshock.1 ● 212 aftershocks have been detected including 26 aftershocks of M3 and larger.1

Earthquakes Locations near Magna, Utah - March 18 - 20, 20201 Summary of Aftershocks

● A 3.7 magnitude aftershock hit about 7:15 a.m. after the main event that occurred about 7:09 a.m.3 ● Another 3.5 magnitude aftershock hit shortly 3 thereafter Salt Lake ● The largest aftershock recorded to date has been a M4.62 that occured 7:14 a.m. and City again at approximately 1:15 p.m.4 ● No damage associated to aftershock has been MAGNA reported

Aftershocks Location2 Summary of Aftershocks

M 4.6 Aftershock 2020-03-18 19:12:23 (UTC)6 3D Representation of Mainshock and Aftershocks7 Summary of Aftershocks

The likely number of aftershocks of at least magnitude M within the given time frame. Forecast starting 2020-03-19 13:10:00 (UTC)5

Magnitude 1 day 1 week 1 month 1 year

M ≥ 3 0 to 7 0 to 16 0 to 25 2 to 43

M ≥ 5 - 0 to 2 0 to 2 0 to 2

M ≥ 6 - - - -

M ≥ 7 - - - - References

1. UUSS (@UUSSquake) / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved March 20, 2020, from https://twitter.com/uussquake 2. Recent Earthquake Map | U of U Seismograph Stations. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://quake.utah.edu/earthquake-center/quake-map 3. Earthquake updates: Red Cross offers resources to Utahns impacted by earthquake. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.ksl.com/article/46731610/earthquake-updates-red-cross-offers-resources-to-utahns-impacted-by-e arthquake 4. Earthquake updates: Red Cross offers resources to Utahns impacted by earthquake. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.ksl.com/article/46731610/earthquake-updates-red-cross-offers-resources-to-utahns-impacted-by-e arthquake 5. M 5.7 - 6km NNE of Magna, Utah. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60363602/oaf/commentary 6. M 4.6 - 5km NE of Magna, Utah. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60364832/executive 7. CityEngine Web Viewer. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://utahdnr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/CEWebViewer/viewer.html?3dWebScene=8df0f2ead6e74ab1969f7f4968 6f8875# Topic: Hospitals VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Hospitals

● Hospitals are operational, no injuries are reported. ● The shaking was clearly felt in a hospital southeast of salt lake City (Alta View Hospital in West Jordan, UT) [1] ● Given that many houses are deemed unsafe due to the earthquake and aftershocks in West Valley City, there might be challenges for social distancing to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and subsequently more COVID-19 positive cases and increased need for hospital care. [2] ● A Red Cross evacuation center has opened at Valley Junior High School, 4295 3200 West. [3] ● For Salt Lake City, this is its third emergency declaration in recent days, with the other two related to COVID-19.[3] Summary of Hospitals

● The Redwood Health Center, South Jordan Health Center and Farmington tent locations are still taking in patients who have called ahead to test for the virus. ● Officials have closed the Sugar House, Madsen and Greenwood health centers, as well as the School of Medicine, for evaluation, according to a news release. All other hospital services are operational, although limited to patients with urgent, emergency needs because of COVID-19 precautions.[4] ● There are no reports of injury to patients or staff. Its emergency command center has been activated, and blue medical tents have been placed in front of the University of Utah hospital as part of standard earthquake preparedness. [4] ● Privately run ARUP Laboratories has been testing some COVID-19 samples for the state of Utah, and ARUP spokesman Brian Jackson said the earthquake did not cause the lab any adverse effects. “All overnight shipments arrived before the earthquake and the temporary closure of Salt Lake City International Airport.” [4] Summary of Hospitals

● Communication: The state health department has canceled its daily news briefing and said the news conferences will resume Thursday.[4] ● Department of Public Safety Commissioner Jess Anderson said Utah hospitals are all open, working and able to address people’s needs — whether it’s emergency services because of the earthquake or COVID-19 testing. [4] ● Impact on hospital operations: Utah’s emergency responders were tested Wednesday morning, as they dealt with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and Utah’s largest earthquake since 1992. ● While University of Utah Health and Intermountain Healthcare have postponed all elective surgeries because of COVID-19, hospitals within MountainStar Healthcare will still perform some scheduled surgeries, according to a statement.[4] Summary of Hospitals

● Communication: The Utah Coronavirus Hotline was shut down due to evacuations at the call center, the Utah Department of Health reported on Wednesday. A temporary COVID-19 Information Line is now available at 1-844-442-5224. [4] ● Communication: daily M-F #COVIDー19 media briefing at 1 p.m. TODAY. The briefings will be broadcast on the UDOH Facebook page.[5] ● Communication: Updates from Twitter Utah Department of Health ● Communication: The March 18th M-F COVID-19 media briefing is CANCELED due to the earthquake.[5] ● Operations: employees DO NOT report to any UDOH buildings on March 18th. Assessments are being made and we will send another alert when buildings are clear to be occupied.[5] Overlap with COVID-19

● University of Utah Hospital set up new medical tent in response to earthquake preparedness (not COVID-19). Closed several buildings for assessment by structural engineer. [6] [7] ● COVID-19 Hotline was shut down [8]. A temporary number was opened up. ● State public health office stopped testing samples due to the earthquake for less than a day. Now opened and testing. [9]. University of Utah Hospital University of Utah Health Media Relations References

[1] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/03/18/utah-earthquake-5-7-magnitude-earthquake-hits-utah/286 3406001/ [2] https://www.fox13now.com/news/local-news/families-clean-up-after-the-earthquake-learning-houses-are-deemed-uns afe [3] https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/earthquake-hits-utahs/ [4] https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/live-coronavirus-updates/ [5] Twitter Utah Department of Health https://twitter.com/UtahDepOfHealth/status/1241052107005808641 [6]Utah Department of Health, UDOH COVID-19 Media Update, March 18, 2020 Office of Governor Gary Herbert [7]University of Utah Healthcare: https://healthcare.utah.edu/publicaffairs/news/2020/03/earthquake-statement.php, [8] https://abcnews.go.com/US/57-magnitude-earthquake-strikes-salt-lake-city/story?id=69662609 [9]https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/utah-earthquake-disrupts/ Topic: Schools VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Schools ● All Wasatch Front schools were already closed for a two-week period due to COVID-19 threat. ● All Canyons District schools were closed for examination at 10:15am March 18, 2020 until further notice [1]. ● Similar closures were noted for Granite, Salt Lake City, Davis, Murray, Jordan, Ogden and Weber school districts [2]. ● Facade damage to Silvercrest Elementary school in Herriman as of 10 AM March 18 [3]. ● Damage to West Lake STEM [4]. Summary of Schools

● Weber and Jordan School Districts reporting minor cosmetic damage to some schools [5, 6]. ● Davis School District said approximately 6 buildings minorly damaged but they are still assessing [7]. ● University of Utah building damage: Some external cosmetic damage; only Browning Building (WBB, building 11) closed until further notice. Campus store closed Silver Crest Elementary (Herriman temporarily due to water issue [8]. UT). Source: Scott G Winterton, Deseret News

●

● Summary of Schools - Silver Crest Elementary School

Damage at Silver Crest Elementary School. All photos from [9] References

[1] Canyon School District Update: https://www.canyonsdistrict.org/district-news/item/12457-earthquake-update-canyons-schools-buildings-closed-marc h-18 [2] “Many Utah schools suspending meals, learning material distribution, online instruction after 5.7 earthquake”, Deseret News, March 18,2020. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/18/21185167/utah-earthquake-schools-5-7-covid-19-meals-supplies-online-cla sses [3] “Earthquake Damages Silver Crest Elementary In Herriman”, KSL-TV, March 18,2020. https://ksltv.com/433411/silver-crest-elementary-earthquake/ [4] Twitter Account of West Salt Lake STEM: https://twitter.com/westlakestem/status/1240457272402173952 [5] Website of Jordan School District: https://bit.ly/3a563ME [6] Facebook page of Weber School District: https://bit.ly/2IZkW79 [7] Facebook Page of David School District: https://bit.ly/2WqzpB6 [8] Email communication to University of Utah faculty sent on March 18, 2020. [9] https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/18/21185243/utah-earthquake-damage-photos-salt-lake-city-angel-moroni-sta tue Topic: Other building damage VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of other building damage

● Noticeable earthquake damages were inspected on the unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings after the M5.7 Salt Lake City earthquake. URM structures create the greatest risk for the Salt Lake Valley in the upcoming Utah earthquakes. [1,2,3] ● In other types of buildings and especially newer buildings, most damages are nonstructural, such as falling of sheetrocks, brick veneers, ceiling framings, and ceiling tiles [2]. ● Unexpected earthquake damages also occurred in newer buildings that might be from manufacture imperfection or design deficiency [2]. ● Businesses in Magna neighborhood closed through 3/19 Summary of other building damage

● Earthquake damages in URM building can post a life safety threaten and alter the structure to be unoccupiable.

● Damaged buildings started to be tagged by inspectors and structural engineerings, and the community inspection need is huge [3].

URM Damages in Magna, the Epicenter Commercial Building Source: KSL Source: Francisco Kjolseth, The Salt Lake Tribune Summary of other building damage

Beam Splice Bolt failure and Slack URM Wall Shear Damage URM Parapet Damages Commercial Building Column in Prefab Steel Building Multi-story Commercial/Residential Building Industrial Building Courtesy of Dallin Pedersen, Source: KSL 5 TV [3] BHB Consulting Engineers [2] Courtesy of Joel Pace, BHB Consulting Engineers [2] Summary of other building damage

Fallen debris is seen at a building at 500 South and Reports of the smell of gas and possible structural 400 West in Salt Lake City [6] damage and power outages at Discover in Salt Lake City [6] Summary of other building damage - LDS Church

● Damage to three Latter-day Saint buildings and 12 meeting houses [4] ○ No buildings in Temple Square had structural damage ○ Structural damage reported to the Humanitarian Center, Deseret Manufacturing facility, and Beehive Clothing manufacturing plant ○ 12 meeting houses have structural damage in the Magna area including Cathedral Church of St. Mark, 231 E. 100 South [5] ○ Most of the buildings were evacuated during and after the earthquake, but all buildings at church headquarters have reopened to church workers and staff (closure since this has been reported is due to COVID-19) ○ The temple is undergoing a four-year seismic upgrade project that began in January Summary of other building damage - LDS Church

● Damage to Cathedral Church of St. Mark (231 E. 100 South): ○ Originally built in 1870 ○ One of the oldest churches in Salt Lake City ○ Sustained interior damage to the west transept of the nave. The shaking also shifted some organ pipes and cracked walls where they meet the roof.

Photos of the inside of the church before the earthquake References

[1] Utah’s big earthquake: Buildings damaged, but no major injuries, as state braces for days of aftershocks: By The Salt Lake Tribune https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/earthquake-hits-utahs/ [2] Site inspection team reports by BHB Consulting Engineers in Salt Lake City, UT. [3] Several ‘Older’ Downtown Buildings Suffer Earthquake Damage: https://ksltv.com/433417/buildings-suffer-earthquake-damage/ [4] https://www.deseret.com/faith/2020/3/19/21187634/utah-earthquake-mormon-church-lds-buildings-damage-meeting house-temple-square [5] https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/19/day-after-cleanup/ [6] https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/18/21185243/utah-earthquake-damage-photos-salt-lake-city-angel-moroni-sta tue Topic: Housing (single-family homes) VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Housing

● 49 mobile homes were condemned as uninhabitable or deemed 'restricted' by Salt Lake County in Western Estates and West Valley City [1,2]

● In West Valley City, 48 mobile homes were shifted off of their foundations, displacing residents. (Salt Lake Tribune) Single Family Home Damage ● Failure of the out of plane wall connection at the attic space / roof. ● Unreinforced brick / facade. ● Chimney damage but note collapse prevention due to bracing on left chimney)

400 Westminster Ave S Salt Lake City, UT 84115 [1] Single Family Home Damage ● URM Chimney damage

1206 W 200 S Salt Lake City, UT 84104 [2] Single Family Home Damage ● URM Chimney damage

Intersection of 3500 South & 8000 West Magna, UT [3] Mobile Home Damages

Damage to a mobile home at Western Estates is pictured A damaged trailer home in Western Estates after a 5.7 magnitude earthquake centered in Magna community Source: Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News [6] Magna on Thursday, March 19, 2020 Source: Steve Griffin, Deseret News [1] Modular Home Damage: Western Estates Community

● Majority of the ~50 structures in Salt Lake County deemed “unsafe or restricted” were in Western Estates modular home community [1] ● None of 12+ residents interviewed were covered by earthquake insurance [1] ● Gas line rupture resulted in gas to entire community being shut off [1] (note: low temp of 37 deg F Mar 19 and 20 [7]) References

1. Deseret News - Western Estate Mobile Homes - (by Kyle Dunphey, Mar. 19, 8:17 MDT https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/19/21187388/western-estate-mobile-home-magna-west-valley-extensiv e-damage-earthquake. Accessed 3/20/2020 at 4:15 PM PST 2. Deseret News - https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/20/21188330/magna-earthquake-salt-lake-valley-bridges-safety-inspecti ons. Accessed 3/20/2020 at 4:15 PM PST 3. https://geodata.geology.utah.gov/pages/search.php?search=%21collection609+&k=&modal=&display=thumbs& order_by=collection&offset=0&per_page=48&archive=&sort=ASC&restypes=&recentdaylimit=&foredit=&go=nex t&offset=48 4. https://geodata.geology.utah.gov/pages/search.php?ref=63451&search=%21collection609+&order_by=collectio n&offset=0&restypes=&starsearch=&archive=&per_page=240&default_sort_direction=DESC&sort=ASC&context= Modal&k=&curpos=&go=up&place=63451# 5. https://geodata.geology.utah.gov/pages/search.php?ref=63451&search=%21collection609+&order_by=collectio n&offset=0&restypes=&starsearch=&archive=&per_page=240&default_sort_direction=DESC&sort=ASC&context= Modal&k=&curpos=&go=up&place=63451# 6. Deseret News - Utah Earthquake Damage - https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/18/21185243/utah-earthquake-damage-photos-salt-lake-city-angel-mor oni-statue. Accessed 3/20/20 4:30 PM. 7. TimeandDate.com (accessed 5:57pm MDT) https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/usa/salt-lake-city/historic Topic: Emergency Response VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Emergency Response

● Shelters opened: ○ Valley Jr High (3200 W 4200 S): announced Mar-18 at 11:00 AM [1]; closed Mar-18 at 2 PM [2]. ○ Taylorville High (5525 S Redwood Rd) operated by Am. Red Cross of Utah. Announced Mar-18 at 8 PM [3]; in operation by Mar-19 at 11 AM [4]. ○ On Mar-18 at 2 PM UT DEM reported that many were able to go to family members homes and that evacuation was not ordered. [5] ● Emergency Call/Text lines operated by West Valley City as of Mar-18 at 2:00 PM [6]. ● As of March 18, responding agencies were: UT DPS, UT DEM, FEMA UT Integration Team, SL County Emergency Management Agency, Unified Police Greater Salt Lake, Greater Salt Lake Unified Fire Authority, SLC Fire Dept, West Valley City Police Department, Red Cross. [Source: Review of Twitter account of Utah DEM] Emergency Response

● Communication (outgoing from govt): news conferences, press releases, Twitter. (Observed 3/18/20, @11:23 AM, @2:00 PM). [Source: Review of Twitter accounts of responding agencies, see References]. ● Communication (incoming from public): emergency response lines, Twitter. (Observed 3/18/20, @2:00 PM). [Source: Review of Twitter accounts of multiple responding agencies, see References]. Emergency Response Staging Center Source: UGS 2020 Magna Earthquake Response Survey Emergency Response Challenges

● Rumors began spreading on social media that the University of Utah & FEMA were predicting a M9.0 earthquake along the Wasatch Fault within 2 hours of the M5.7 earthquake [7].

● Calming the public divided attention of State and Federal emergency management officials during immediate aftermath of earthquake [7]. Emergency Response Challenges

● Timing during COVID-19 pandemic constrained standard in-person, on-site recon for some State/Federal/EERI personnel due to social distancing requirements and travel restrictions. ● Dependent upon local recon efforts and virtual research. ● Emergency Management staff already stretched thin due to COVID-19 response. ● Utah Division of Emergency Management lost cell reception due to the earthquake, which disrupted (but did not eliminate) coordination within the State and between the State and external (Federal, etc.) partners. Emergency Response

Opening of West Valley City’s State of Utah Emergency Salt Lake City firemen and other state emergency response team members Emergency Operation Center Operations Center activated wait at a staging area after Kennecott Source: WVCPD Twitter to a level 1 (full activation) mining company experienced a chemical Account Source: UT DEM Twitter leak caused by the earthquake on March 18, 2020 in Magna, Utah. Account Source: windsor star news References

[1] West Valley City Police Department (WVCPD) Twitter account: https://twitter.com/WVCUT/status/1240325891844005889 [2] American Red Cross of Utah Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/RedCrossUtah/status/1240373426390360064 [3] American Red Cross of Utah Twitter Account: http://bit.ly/2IWdFoG [3] American Red Cross of Utah Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/RedCrossUtah/status/1240673505483444226 [5] UT Division of Emergency Management Twitter Account: http://bit.ly/2vxZRO3 [6] West Valley City Twitter account: https://twitter.com/WVCUT [7] Utah Division of Emergency Management (UT DEM) Twitter Account: https://twitter.com/UtahEmergency/status/1240508087951187968 References

Other sources:

Emergency Response Challenges: Sean McGowan, PE and Christina Aronson, SE, PE; personal communications within FEMA and between FEMA and Utah Division of Emergency Management (Mar. 18-20, 2020)

Social media accounts of EM response agencies reviewed: Greater Salt Lake Unified Fire Authority (https://twitter.com/FireAuthority), Salt Lake City Police Department (https://twitter.com/slcpd), Greater Salt Lake Unified Police Department (https://twitter.com/UPDSL), American Red Cross of Utah (https://twitter.com/RedCrossUtah), West Valley City Police Department (https://twitter.com/WVCPD), West Valley City (https://twitter.com/WVCU), Salt Lake County(https://twitter.com/SLCoGov) and Salt Lake County Health Department (https://twitter.com/SaltLakeHealth). Topic: Geotechnical Damage VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Summary of Geotechnical Damage

● Geotechnical failures were minor. Liquefaction did occured, causing ground cracking at tops of embankments and the occurrence of sand boils at the Great Salt Lake Marina in Magna, Utah.1,2

● Utility water lines to the GSL Marina were broken, presumed to have occurred during lateral spreading.1

● Observed damage occurred in a region that had been previously identified as having high liquefaction-potential. Summary of Geotechnical Damage

Salt Lake Marina area

Members of the Utah Geological Survey document the damage at the Great Salt Lake Marina in Utah, on Thursday, March 19, 2020, where cracks and sand boils have appeared on the ground after Wednesday's earthquake. (Francisco Kjolseth/The Salt Lake Tribune via AP)

Salt Lake City Tribune4 3 https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/19/day-after-cleanup/#ga Utah Geological Survey llery-carousel-2097418 ●

● Summary of Geotechnical Damage

Utility water line replacement Sand boils produced by Ground cracking of road following damage caused by liquefaction at the GSLM embankment near Magna ground movement Source: Adam Hiscock Source: Photo by Clayton Source: Deseret News Twitter5 Forster, retrieved from 2 Michael Bunds Twitter Summary of Geotechnical Damage

Minor tectonic deformation of the Minor tectonic deformation of the right bank of Goggin Drain. right bank of Goggin Drain. At some locations the ground cracks are Deformation consists of ground Deformation consists of ground difficult to distinguish from desiccation cracks and minor translational cracks and minor translational cracks. However the cracks cross cut very movement of stream bank down movement of stream bank down fresh animal tracks and are developed in toward the water. Utah toward the water. Utah sand rather than silt and clay. 6 6 Geological Survey Geological Survey6 Source:Utah Geological Survey References

1. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/19/21186816/magna-utah-5-7-magnitude-earthquake-salt-lake-airport-flights-power Accessed 03/20/2020 2:00 pm (PST) 2. Social Media account of Adam Hiscock, USGS Geologist based in SLC. (https://twitter.com/high_desert_rex) Accessed 03/20/2020 2:00 pm (PST) 3. Utah Geological Survey - Liquefaction Potential Map of Salt Lake County; Public Information Series #25. https://geology.utah.gov/hazards/earthquakes/liquefaction/. Accessed 3/20/2020 3:30 PM (PST) 4. Salt Lake City Tribune https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/19/day-after-cleanup/#gallery-carousel-2097418. Accessed 3/20/2020 at 3:30 PM (PST) 5. Social Media Account of Michael Bunds, Professor UVU, photo by Clayton Foster. (https://twitter.com/cataclasite. Accessed 03/20/2020 3:00 pm (PST) 6. Utah Geological Survey 2020 Magna Event Clearinghouse: https://geodata.geology.utah.gov/pages/search.php?ref=63451&search=%21collection609+&order_by=collection&offset=0&restypes =&starsearch=&archive=&per_page=240&default_sort_direction=DESC&sort=ASC&context=Modal&k=&curpos=&go=up&place=634 51#. Accessed 3/20/2020 3:30 PM PST Topic: Lifelines VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Lifelines

Power and Gas Water Transportation Overview & and how it affected various regions

Lifeline Status

Moderate initial disruption(~75,000 customers without power) Electric power 1 As of 1 pm MDT 3/18/20 Power was restored to all but 10,000. As of 1 am MDT 3/19/20 Power was restored to all affected.

Gas6,7,8,10 Gas leaks at Kennecott copper mining facility. Natural gas leaks reported at state government buildings. Damage to gas lines at mobile home park in West Valley City.

Water3, 11 Handful of water main breaks, no serious damage. water supply and quality were not impacted.

Telecommunications/Internet4,5 Utah’s COVID-19 hotline was shutdown. As of 7 am MDT 3/19/20 Hotline was operational.

No additional problems reported.

Oil No Problems Reported

Airport6 SLC Airport was temporarily shut down and evacuated. At 1:15 pm 3/18/20 the airport was reopened.

Port N/A

Public Transit 9 Lightrail service (TRAX) was disrupted while inspected Lifelines - Power

● Rocky Mountain Power reported 73,000 customers without power immediately following the quake. 1

● Most outages were caused by protective devices on the grid activating to prevent damage to equipment. 1

● As of 1PM Mountain time, power had been restored to all but 10,000 customers. 1

● As of 1AM Mountain time 3/19/20, power had been restored to all affected. 2

● Restoration efforts were aided by redundant systems and certain functions being temporarily shifted to Pacific Power in Portland, Oregon. 1 Lifelines - Water Lines

● SLC Department of Public Utilities reports that water supply and quality were not impacted and no shut-offs or boil orders are anticipated. 3

● SLC Department of Public Utilities responded to a handful of water main breaks, but no serious damage is reported.3

● Magna Water District reported the drinking water and distribution system had not been damaged 11

● A water line was damaged in Concourse D of the SLC airport.8 Lifelines - Gas Lines

● There were gas leaks and a chemical spill at Kennecott, although it did not affect the public.6,7

● Natural gas leaks were reported at state government buildings.8

● Gas lines to the meters to individual residences were damaged at a mobile home park in West Valley City. 10 References 1. https://www.rockymountainpower.net/about/newsroom/news-releases/salt-lake-city-power-restoration.html Accessed 03/18/2020 10:00 pm 2. https://twitter.com/rmp_utah?lang=en Accessed 03/19/2020 9:00 am 3. https://www.slc.gov/utilities/2020/03/18/quake-did-not-impact-water-supply-or-quality/ Accessed 03/19/2020 9:00 am 4. https://abcnews.go.com/US/57-magnitude-earthquake-strikes-salt-lake-city/story?id=69662609 Accessed 03/20/2020 3:00 pm 5. https://twitter.com/UtahDepOfHealth Accessed 03/20/2020 3:00 pm 6. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/earthquake-hits-utahs/ Accessed 03/20/2020 16:13 7. https://www.abc4.com/news/local-news/earthquake-update-national-guard-deployed-to-monitor-kennecott-spil l/ Accessed 03/20/2020 16:24 8. https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/57-magnitude-earthquake-shakes-salt-lake-city-area-69662917 Accessed 03/20/2020 16:29 9. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/5-7-magnitude-earthquake-shakes-salt-lake-city-utah-surrounding-n1 162766 Accessed 03/20/2020 4:30 pm 10. https://www.ksl.com/article/46732139/power-restored-crews-survey-damage-geological-effects-of-utah-earthqu ake 11. http://www.magnawater.com/ Accessed 03/20/2020 4:30 pm Topic: Transportation Networks (including roads) VERT Phase 1 Response for: M5.7 Magna Earthquake Overview of Transportation Networks

● Salt Lake City airport, located at a 5 mile distance from the earthquake epicenter, was shut down and evacuated due to a water-pipe damage in Concourse D. As a result, about 60 to 70 flights were diverted.1 ● The airport was reopened at 1:15pm after the broken pipe was fixed.1

The announcement of the airport closure along I-215 freeway2

Overview of Transportation Networks

Flooding of the SLC airport due to a broken water pipe3 Overview of Transportation Networks

● Utah Department of Transportation inspected all 705 bridges, including pedestrian and railroad bridge structures, by Friday afternoon 3/20/20 [4]

● Damage was discovered on the westbound on-ramp to Interstate 215 at Union Park Avenue in Midvale (estimated to be reopened in 3-7 days), and 18 ‘yellow-flagged bridges’ which suffered minor, mostly cosmetic damage according to UDOT engineers. [4]

● Lightrail service was temporarily halted for FrontRunner and TRAX trains and service did not resume until Wednesday evening [5].

● Overview of Transportation Networks

● Extensive cracks and evidence of liquefaction was documented on the road to the Great Salt Lake Marina [6]

(Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune) Utah Geological Survey document the extensive cracks that formed along the road to the Great Salt Lake Marina on Thursday, March 19, 2020 [6] References

1. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/18/earthquake-hits-utahs/#gallery-carousel-9369528 Accessed 03/18/2020 6:00 pm 2. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/03/18/utah-earthquake-5-7-magnitude-earthquake-hits-ut ah/2863406001 Accessed 03/18/2020 7:00 pm 3. https://twitter.com/TJePatton/status/1240278917224828935/photo/1 Accessed 03/18/2020 7:00 pm 4. https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/3/20/21188330/magna-earthquake-salt-lake-valley-bridges-safety-inspecti ons 5. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/19/day-after-cleanup/ 6. https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/03/19/day-after-cleanup/#gallery-carousel-2496706