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The 2016 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup In “The 2016 FIFA Under-20 Women’s World Cup in Papua New Guinea: A Push Forward for Women’s Football and Women’s Rights?” IMPACT PAPER 20 July 2017 Caitlin Fisher Sonja Klümper and Friederike Möller, Editors DISCOVER FOOTBALL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 This paper was written by Caitlin Fisher in her capacity as a researcher, writer and activist with DISCOVER FOOTBALL. It was edited by Friederike Möller and Sonja Klümper in their capacities as researchers, writers and activists with DISCOVER FOOT- BALL. The paper counted on input from Linda Wonuhali, Vice President of the Papua DISCOVER FOOTBALL New Guinea Football Association (PNGFA) and Lisa Cole (Head Coach of the PNG Under-20 Women’s National Team). It also counted on contributions from partici- pants of the 2017 DISCOVER FOOTBALL Conference, ‘Women’s Football in South/ East Asia and Oceania: The U20 World Cup as a Push Forward?’. Ellie Jean (United States U20 National Team player), Emily Ogle (United States U20 National Team play- Impact paper | er) and Yvonne Gabong (PNG U20 National Team player) also shared their insights and expertise via player interviews. We thank all the contributors for their time and input and hope you all can utilize this report for your continued efforts. written by Caitlin Fisher DISCOVER FOOTBALL would like to extend gratitude to the German Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) for funding the 2017 Conference. 20 July 2017 I. INTRODUCTION 3 Football World Cups are the highest-level showcase However, we also know that mega-sporting events ment was reviewed by FIFA’s Human Rights Advisory for the top players in the world’s most popular game. can have devastating effects on a host country and its Board and a wide range of external stakeholders from These Cups have the potential to rally and generate local communities as witnessed with the two recent international organisations, trade unions, academia, great enthusiasm, movement and community around events in Brazil (FIFA 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olym- FIFA sponsors and civil society organisations, includ- DISCOVER FOOTBALL the sport from local to global levels on a scale un- pic Games) and previous Olympics Games in Vancou- ing Discover Football. matchable. Simultaneously, these events serve as ver (2010) and Sochi (2014), among others. Activists, important platforms for bringing benefits to the host researchers, reporters, athletes, members of local In practice, FIFA’s broader commitment to change country and contributing to broader social and eco- communities, and others internationally have been is outlined in FIFA 2.0: The Vision for the Future. The nomic changes. increasingly raising critical visibility and voice around global governing body outlines its commitments, Impact paper | the exploitation, exclusion and abuses occurring be- which include: working to increase engagement with The country that takes on the immense task of wel- fore, during and after such mega-sport events. its key stakeholders, including member associations; coming this global tournament to their home turf sel- separating powers at the executive and strategic lev- written by Caitlin Fisher dom does so without envisioning the event’s ability With its leadership changing hands as of February els; restructuring of the administration; emphasizing to bring benefits to their nation. These include op- 2016, FIFA is supposedly on the road to addressing open, democratic and inclusive decision-making pro- portunities for promoting participation in the game, these issues surrounding their mega-events and cesses; integrating human rights into all its efforts; encouraging healthy lifestyles, and offering platforms ‘bringing FIFA back to football and football back to promoting the participation of women in football on for social cohesion, camaraderie, and national unity. FIFA’, as the newly-elected president Gianni Infantino and off the pitch, among other organizational focal 3 Economic development aspirations also often under- has promised. In April 2016, FIFA introduced a com- points. 20 July 2017 lie these hosting decisions, with great expectations mitment to human rights and gender equality in its of improving local infrastructure, regenerating urban revised statutes1 (Article 3 and Article 4, see Annex Now the real work sets in––making sure these commit- areas, creating new jobs, increasing tourism, develop- A). In May 2017, FIFA published its landmark Human ments get put into practice––and holding the world’s ing housing, amongst others. Rights Policy2, which embodies Article 3. The docu- football governing body accountable is all of our tasks. 1“FIFA 2.0: The Vision for the Future” (October 2016) http://resourc- 2 FIFA Statutes (April 2016 Edition) https://resources.fifa.com/mm/ 3 FIFA Human Rights Policy (May 2017) http://resources.fifa.com/ es.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/02/84/35/01/fifa_2.0_vi- document/affederation/generic/02/78/29/07/fifastatutsweben_neutral. mm/document/affederation/footballgovernance/02/89/33/12/fifashu- sion_low_neu.17102016_neutral.pdf pdf manrightspolicy_neutral.pdf 4 Measuring, evaluating and understanding the impact Many stakeholders including teams set to compete human rights risks and record of the given bidding of FIFA World Cups is a crucial place to start. FIFA has in the Cup raised questions of concern about players’ country, assess, ask and hold the host government ac- begun writing its own impact and sustainability re- safety and wellbeing in PNG, and the issue came under countable to its plans for mitigation. ports in lead up to and following its mega-Cups; and significant scrutiny in lead up to the event. This scruti- In the report, Ruggie expresses concern over the host DISCOVER FOOTBALL other stakeholders across sectors and industries are ny was bolstered by the public pressure that is increas- choice of PNG, and says that FIFA must take action to also now increasingly doing so for these mega-events. ingly being placed on FIFA to address human rights protect participants at the U20 Women’s World Cup. However, a gap exists around understanding and doc- and gender equality in its organization and operations. In an interview with Vice Sports prior to the Cup he umenting the effects of the smaller scale FIFA World stated, Cups on a host country––in other words, FIFA’s wom- Human Rights Watch’s (HRW) 2016 World Report was Impact paper | en’s and youth World Cups. This paper is intended to readily cited in lead up to the U20 Cup by those wary Multinational organisations that oper- fill this gap by critically reflecting and analyzing the of the event’s planned location. The oft cited state- ate there do not allow their female em- impact of the 2016 FIFA Under-20 Women’s World ments centered on the prevalence of violence against ployees to go unescorted in the mid- written by Caitlin Fisher Cup from diverse socio-political perspectives. women in the region, with HRW asserting, dle of the day because of the high risk for carjackings, kidnappings, and sexual at- PNG is one of the most dangerous places in tacks – and often the police are involved The 2016 FIFA Under-20 Women’s World Cup the world to be a woman or girl, with an esti- in these. Just the idea of putting 16 teenage mated seventy percent of women experienc- girls teams there sort of blew my mind. The 4 Papua New Guinea (PNG) hosted the FIFA Under-20 ing rape or sexual assault in their lifetime . questions now is, ‘Are adequate security ar- 20 July 2017 (U20) Women’s World Cup in late 2016. While it served rangements being made?’ and I haven’t as an important platform to promote women’s foot- At the same time, in the independent report, “For the been able to get an answer (2016)5. ball in the region, not everyone was pleased to see a Game, For the World: FIFA and Human Rights” (2015), women’s World Cup in PNG due to its record of hu- John Ruggie of Harvard University outlined a series The Local Organizing Committee (LOC) in PNG and man rights abuses, specifically of violence against of recommendations to FIFA on the subject of hu- the PNG Football Association worked to assuage women and girls. man rights. The report suggests FIFA must look at the these concerns amongst the international football 4 Human Rights Watch (HRW) World Report 2016 – Papua New 5 “FIFA and Human Rights: Lessons From the Ruggie Report” Vice Guinea https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/country-chapters/ Sports (15 April 2016) https://sports.vice.com/en_uk/article/fifa-and- papua-new-guinea human-rights-lessons-from-the-ruggie-report 5 community in lead up to the Cup. They positioned negative impacts be remedied? What type of mo- the event as a tremendous opportunity for wom- mentum did the event generate around women’s en’s football and women’s rights in the region, and a rights and women’s football in the region and how unique opportunity to create a positive legacy in their to build on this? How can the stakeholders––FIFA, na- DISCOVER FOOTBALL country. tional football associations, community-based organ- izations, human right’s activists, players––learn from The Cup did indeed take place in PNG as planned from this event and ensure that gender justice, equity, and 13 November to 3 December 2016 with sixteen teams integrity are central features of World Cups going for- from the six global Confederations competing. North ward? Impact paper | Korea won the tournament, making it their second ti- tle in this event by beating France in the final, 3–1. In the eyes of PNG and the international football com- written by Caitlin Fisher munity, the event was a success. Players and teams re- mained not only safe and respected, but overwhelm- ingly supported by the local community; stadiums were filled; and pitch quality was up to par.
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