D29 Country Reports

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D29 Country Reports COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ COURAGE. Cultural Opposition: Understanding the Project Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries Project Number Horizon2020–692919 D29 Country Reports Including Annex 1) Full country reports in alphabetical order of countries This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692919. COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ Document Control Sheet Work package number WP 5 Work package title Policy Deliverable title Country Reports Deliverable Rel. No. D 5.3 Deliverable number D29 Dissemination level Public Main author Ulf Brunnbauer, Jacqueline Nießer (IOS) Contributors Péter Apor, Sándor Horváth, Tamás Scheibner (MTA BTK) Submission Date Nov 2018 COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ Summary This deliverable reports on the preparation of Country Reports, which are core documents for creating policy recommendations for the European Commission. The COURAGE country reports provide nation-specific data in a European frame of reference to categorize and compare the various collections on cultural opposition in the former socialist countries. In principle, each former socialist country in Europe is treated in one report. To produce comparable data and categories for further analytical work, the country reports provide answers to a standardised set of questions. These questions are designed to produce comprehensive information on the collections. Questions address how the institutions which collected the records and products of cultural opposition in the former socialist countries were established, the concepts on which they were based, and the ways in which they have evolved from the late socialist period to the present day. Major actors, goals, and strategies are mapped, and major changes are put in the context of the political, legal, financial, and cultural conditions of the collections. COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ 1. Preparation of the Country Reports IOS Regensburg was responsible for collecting and editing the country reports from the national task managers and for designing the final set of recommendations on cultural policy and exhibitions based on the recommendations of the national task managers. Other participants prepared the individual country reports on the countries of study on the basis of the COURAGE Registry and their own research; and they prepared recommendations for the final set of recommendations. The first step in the preparation process was to establish and communicate the frames for ​ the categorization of the collections and establish regional groups which would cooperate in the analytical work. The “Workshop on Categorizing and Framing the Collections of the ​ Cultural Opposition” of the Horizon2020 COURAGE project (“Cultural Opposition – Understanding the CultuRal HeritAGE of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries”) fulfilled this task. This workshop was held in Budapest on 25 September 2017. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss with all partners the remaining questions of the Questionnaire (which formed the basis of the Country Reports) and to fine-tune questions with the final objective in mind, namely to answer questions in a way that will produce country reports that could serve as bases of comparison. For the questionnaire and for details on the ​ discussion see the D16 Collection Workshop Report. ​ ​ ​ Consortium members were asked to deliver the first drafts of their country reports by 10 September 2018. They were asked to establish the major turning points and explanations for ​ changes in the institutional systems; study the major actors, social pressure groups, political interests groups, and civic society and professional groups that shaped the collections; provide analyses of the financial backgrounds and the funding and legal frameworks in which the collections operate; and determine which kinds of groups (visitors, professionals, politicians) use the collections and for what purposes (leisure, networking, research, community building). The first drafts of the country reports were subjected to a strict feedback process. The results of the feedbacks and the comments of WP leader IOS were mediated to consortium members. The revised country reports were submitted via Redmine in proofread versions by 25 November. Summaries of the country reports clustered around key problems and themes will be provided in D33 Shorter versions of country reports. ​ ​ COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ 2. List of Country Reports Ulf Brunnbauer; Anelia Kassabova: BULGARIA Saulius Grybkauskas; Vladas Sirutavičius: THE BALTIC STATES (LITHUANIA, LATVIA, ESTONIA) Josip Mihaljević; Teodora Shek Brnardić: CROATIA AND SLOVENIA Miroslav Michela; Michaela Ků elová: CZECH REPUBLIC ​ ž ​ Laura Demeter: GERMANY Péter Apor: HUNGARY Andrei Cusco: MOLDOVA Barbara Tołłoczko-Suchańska: POLAND Cristina Petrescu: ROMANIA Milena Dragićević e ić; Jacqueline Nießer: SERBIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, MACEDONIA, Š š MONTENEGRO, KOSOVO Magdaléna Stýblová; Vladimír Zvara: SLOVAKIA Orysia Maria Kulick: UKRAINE COURAGE grant agreement No 692919 D29 – Country Reports ​ Annex 1) Country Reports in alphabetical order of countries or regions - full pdfs - COURAGE Cultural Opposition: Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Dissent in the Former Socialist Countries Country Reports BULGARIA Authors Ulf Brunnbauer Anelia Kassabova Regensburg 2018 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 692919. 1 About the authors Ulf Brunnbauer is Director of the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies and Professor of the History of Southeastern and Eastern Europe at the University of Regensburg [email protected] Anelia Kassbova is Senior Researcher at the Institute for Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia [email protected] To quote this report: Ulf Brunnbauer, Anelia Kassabova: “Bulgaria”, COURAGE Country Reports. Regensburg, November 2018, DOI: http://doi.org/10.24389/cr-bulgaria 2 Table of Content Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Contexts ........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Researching Opposition under State Socialism ..................................................................... 6 2.2 Institutions and Legal Foundations of the Preservation and Interpretation of the Past .... 10 3. Analysis of the Collections in the COURAGE Registry ................................................................... 14 3.1 Typology .............................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Themes, Actors, Users ......................................................................................................... 15 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................................... 19 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Appendix ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Selected Further Reading .......................................................................................................... 24 List of Collections ....................................................................................................................... 25 List of operating institutions and owners .................................................................................. 26 List of people researched .......................................................................................................... 26 Map: Location of the Bulgarian COURAGE Collections ............................................................. 28 Abstract This report explores the context of researching opposition under state socialism in Bulgaria, with a particular focus on cultural opposition. After a brief discussion of the development of research on state socialism and dissent in Bulgaria, it presents the major institutions involved in researching and documenting the socialist past. It highlights the importance of the legal and political framework. It argues that Bulgaria, in contrast to other post-socialist countries, lacks a strong government-initiated engagement with the socialist past. This is why there are not specialized public research institutes for that purpose. On the other hand, the lack of political intervention also means that there are no dominant interpretations imposed on scholars. The second part of the articles analyses public and private efforts to maintain the material legacy of cultural opposition. It describes the Bulgarian collections in the EU funded “COURAGE” Pro- ject, which deals with the history of cultural opposition in state socialism. These collections are an illustration of the wealth of artefacts on dissent that
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