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Reptile Medicine and Surgery in Clinical Practice Reptile Medicine and Surgery in Clinical Practice Reptile Medicine and Surgery in Clinical Practice Edited by Bob Doneley University of Queensland Queensland, Australia Deborah Monks Brisbane Bird and Exotic Veterinary Service Queensland, Australia Robert Johnson South Penrith Veterinary Clinic New South Wales, Australia Brendan Carmel Warranwood Veterinary Centre Victoria, Australia This edition first published 2018 © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Bob Doneley, Deborah Monks, Robert Johnson and Brendan Carmel to be identified as the author(s) of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office(s) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Office 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions.While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Doneley, Bob, editor. | Johnson, Robert, Dr., editor. | Monks, Deborah, 1972– editor. | Carmel, Brendan, editor. Title: Reptile medicine and surgery in clinical practice / edited by Bob Doneley, Deborah Monks, Robert Johnson, Brendan Carmel. Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2017033936 (print) | LCCN 2017035572 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118977682 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118977699 (epub) | ISBN 9781118977675 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Reptiles–Diseases | Reptiles–Surgery. | MESH: Reptiles | Animal Diseases | Surgery, Veterinary Classification: LCC SF997.5.R4 (ebook) | LCC SF997.5.R4 R466 2017 (print) | NLM SF 997.5.R4 | DDC 639.39–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017033936 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: Courtesy of Bob Doneley Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 As always when producing a book like this, there are many people who have helped us along the way, often unnoticed. We would like to dedicate this book to those people: the authors who contributed their time and expertise; our veterinary colleagues and clients who, while not directly contributing to this book, taught us much about reptiles and their care, medicine and surgery; and our work colleagues who endured our distraction while we put this book together. Lastly, but by no means the least, we dedicate this book to our families who have patiently supported us in not just this book, but in all aspects of our lives and careers. Thank you! vii Contents List of Contributors xi Preface xv 1 Taxonomy and Introduction to Common Species 1 Bob Doneley 2 Anatomy and Physiology of Reptiles 15 Bairbre O’Malley 3 Behaviour in the Wild and in Captivity 33 Robert Johnson 4 Husbandry and Nutrition 45 Michelle Kischinovsky, Aidan Raftery and Shivananden Sawmy 5 Enclosure Design 61 Michael McFadden, Deborah Monks, Bob Doneley and Robert Johnson 6 Lighting 75 Frances M. Baines 7 Reproduction 91 Timothy J. Portas 8 Reptile Paediatrics 105 Deborah Monks and Bob Doneley 9 Setting Up and Equipping a Reptile Practice 115 Bob Doneley, Shane Simpson, Angela M. Lennox and John Chitty 10 The Reptile Consultation 125 Bob Doneley and Brendan Carmel 11 Diagnostic Testing 135 Rachel E. Marschang, Frank Pasmans, Tim Hyndman, Mark Mitchell and An Martel viii Contents 12 Diagnostic Imaging 145 Zdeněk Knotek, Shane Simpson and Paolo Martelli 13 Clinical Techniques and Supportive Care 159 Kimberly Vinette Herrin 14 Reptile Pharmacology 175 Tim Hyndman 15 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 185 Brendan Carmel and Robert Johnson 16 Infectious Diseases and Immunology 197 Tim Hyndman and Rachel E. Marschang 17 Differential Diagnoses: A Problem‐Based Approach 217 Helen McCracken, Brendan Carmel, John Chitty, Bob Doneley, Robert Johnson, Angela M. Lennox, Deborah Monks and Annabelle Olsson 18 Disorders of the Integument 255 Linda Vogelnest 19 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System 273 Robert Johnson and Bob Doneley 20 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 287 Tegan Stephens and Alex Rosenwax 21 Diseases of the Respiratory System 299 Melinda L. Cowan 22 Disorders of the Reproductive System 307 Timothy J. Portas 23 Diseases of the Urinary Tract 323 Peter Holz 24 Diseases of the Nervous System 331 Hamish Baron and David N. Phalen 25 Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System 345 Adolf K. Maas 26 Diseases of the Organs of Special Senses 357 Alex Rosenwax and Tegan Stephens 27 Analgesia and Anaesthesia 369 Annabelle Olsson and Mark Simpson Contents ix 28 Surgery 383 Zdeněk Knotek and Stacey Leonatti Wilkinson 29 Turtle Shell Repair 397 Jane Roffey and Sasha Miles 30 Necropsy 409 Catherine M. Shilton 31 Reptile Parasitology in Health and Disease 425 Jan Šlapeta, David Modrý, Robert Johnson 32 Nursing the Reptile Patient 441 Gary Fitzgerald and Emma Whitlock 33 Euthanasia 449 Tim Hyndman Appendix 1: Formulary 453 Appendix 2: Reference Intervals for Commonly Kept Reptile Species 473 Index 481 xi List of Contributors Frances M. Baines MA, VetMB, MRCVS Gary Fitzgerald BApSci (Veterinary Technology) UV Guide UK University of Queensland Veterinary Medical Govilon Centre Abergavenny University of Queensland United Kingdom Gatton Queensland Hamish Baron BVSc (Hons), MANZCVS Australia (Avian Health) Kimberly Vinette Herrin DVM, BA Biology, MS Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet (Biological Oceanography), MANZCVS Hospital (Zoo Medicine) Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Taronga Wildlife Hospital Camden Taronga Conservation Society Australia New South Wales Mosman Australia New South Wales Australia Brendan Carmel BVSc, MVS, GDipComp, Peter Holz BVSc, DVSc, MACVSc, Dipl ACZM MANZCVS (Unusual Pets) Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Warranwood Veterinary Centre Sciences Warranwood University of Melbourne Victoria Melbourne Australia Victoria John Chitty, BVetMed, CetZooMed, MRCVS Australia Anton Vets Tim Hyndman BSc, BVMS, PhD, MANZCVS Andover (Veterinary Pharmacology) Hampshire Murdoch University United Kingdom Perth Western Australia Bob Doneley BVSc, FANZCVS Australia (Avian Medicine) Associate Professor, Avian and Exotic Pet Robert Johnson BVSc, MANZCVS (Feline), Service CertZooMed, BA University of Queensland South Penrith Veterinary Clinic Gatton Penrith Queensland New South Wales Australia Australia xii List of Contributors Michelle Kischinovsky DVM, MRCVS An Martel DVM, PhD, Dip ECZM (WPH) Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, Manchester and Avian Diseases United Kingdom Ghent University Merelbeke Zdeněk Knotek DVM, PhD, Dip ECZM Belgium (Herpetology) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Paolo Martelli University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Cert Zoo Med Sciences Director of Veterinary Services Brno Hong Kong Czech Republic Helen McCracken BSc(Vet), BVSc,
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