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CUERPO DIRECTIVO Dr CUERPO DIRECTIVO Dr. Claudio Llanos Reyes Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Directores Dr. Juan Guillermo Mansilla Sepúlveda Dr. Werner Mackenbach Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile Universidad de Potsdam, Alemania Dr. Francisco Ganga Contreras Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile Mg. Rocío del Pilar Martínez Marín Editor Universidad de Santander, Colombia Drdo. Juan Guillermo Estay Sepúlveda Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Ph. D. Natalia Milanesio Universidad de Houston, Estados Unidos Editor Científico Dr. Luiz Alberto David Araujo Ph. D. Maritza Montero Pontificia Universidade Católica de Sao Paulo, Brasil Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela Editor Europa del Este Dra. Eleonora Pencheva Dr. Aleksandar Ivanov Katrandzhiev Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Universidad Suroeste "Neofit Rilski", Bulgaria Dra. Rosa María Regueiro Ferreira Cuerpo Asistente Universidad de La Coruña, España Traductora: Inglés Dr. Andrés Saavedra Barahona Lic. Pauline Corthorn Escudero Universidad San Clemente de Ojrid de Sofía, Bulgaria Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Dr. Efraín Sánchez Cabra Portada Academia Colombiana de Historia, Colombia Lic. Graciela Pantigoso de Los Santos Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Dra. Mirka Seitz Universidad del Salvador, Argentina COMITÉ EDITORIAL Ph. D. Stefan Todorov Kapralov Dr. Jaime Bassa Mercado South West University, Bulgaria Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO INTERNACIONAL Dra. Heloísa Bellotto Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil Comité Científico Internacional de Honor Dra. Nidia Burgos Dr. Adolfo A. Abadía Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Universidad ICESI, Colombia Mg. María Eugenia Campos Dr. Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dr. Francisco José Francisco Carrera Dr. Martino Contu Universidad de Valladolid, España Universidad de Sassari, Italia Dr. Pablo Guadarrama González Dr. Luiz Alberto David Araujo Universidad Central de Las Villas, Cuba Pontificia Universidad Católica de Sao Paulo, Brasil Mg. Amelia Herrera Lavanchy Dra. Patricia Brogna Universidad de La Serena, Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dr. Horacio Capel Sáez + Dr. Miguel León-Portilla Universidad de Barcelona, España Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dr. Javier Carreón Guillén Dr. Miguel Ángel Mateo Saura Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses “Don Juan Manuel”, España Dr. Lancelot Cowie Universidad West Indies, Trinidad y Tobago Dr. Carlos Tulio da Silva Medeiros Diálogos em MERCOSUR, Brasil Dra. Isabel Cruz Ovalle de Amenabar Universidad de Los Andes, Chile + Dr. Álvaro Márquez-Fernández Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela Dr. Rodolfo Cruz Vadillo Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Dr. Oscar Ortega Arango México Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México Dr. Adolfo Omar Cueto Dr. Antonio-Carlos Pereira Menaut Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina Universidad Santiago de Compostela, España Dr. Miguel Ángel de Marco Dr. José Sergio Puig Espinosa Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dilemas Contemporáneos, México Dra. Emma de Ramón Acevedo Dra. Francesca Randazzo Universidad de Chile, Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Honduras Dr. Gerardo Echeita Sarrionandia Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España Dra. Yolando Ricardo Universidad de La Habana, Cuba Dr. Antonio Hermosa Andújar Universidad de Sevilla, España Dr. Manuel Alves da Rocha Universidade Católica de Angola Angola Dra. Patricia Galeana Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Mg. Arnaldo Rodríguez Espinoza Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica Dra. Manuela Garau Centro Studi Sea, Italia Dr. Miguel Rojas Mix Coordinador la Cumbre de Rectores Universidades Dr. Carlo Ginzburg Ginzburg Estatales América Latina y el Caribe Scuola Normale Superiore de Pisa, Italia Universidad de California Los Ángeles, Estados Unidos Dr. Luis Alberto Romero CONICET / Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Francisco Luis Girardo Gutiérrez Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Colombia Dra. Maura de la Caridad Salabarría Roig Dilemas Contemporáneos, México José Manuel González Freire Universidad de Colima, México Dr. Adalberto Santana Hernández Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dra. Antonia Heredia Herrera Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, España Dr. Juan Antonio Seda Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Eduardo Gomes Onofre Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Brasil Dr. Saulo Cesar Paulino e Silva Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Miguel Ángel Verdugo Alonso Dr. Andrés Di Masso Tarditti Universidad de Salamanca, España Universidad de Barcelona, España Dr. Josep Vives Rego Ph. D. Mauricio Dimant Universidad de Barcelona, España Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalem, Israel Dr. Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni Dr. Jorge Enrique Elías Caro Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Universidad de Magdalena, Colombia Dra. Blanca Estela Zardel Jacobo Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Ph. D. Valentin Kitanov Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Comité Científico Internacional Mg. Luis Oporto Ordóñez Universidad Mayor San Andrés, Bolivia Dra. Elian Araujo Universidad de Mackenzie, Brasil Dr. Gino Ríos Patio Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú Mg. Rumyana Atanasova Popova Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Dra. María Laura Salinas Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina Dra. Ana Bénard da Costa Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, Portugal Dra. Jaqueline Vassallo Centro de Estudios Africanos, Portugal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina Dra. Noemí Brenta Dra. Maja Zawierzeniec Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Universidad Wszechnica Polska, Polonia Ph. D. Juan R. Coca Universidad de Valladolid, España Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía Santiago – Chile Dr. Antonio Colomer Vialdel Representante Legal Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España Juan Guillermo Estay Sepúlveda Editorial Dr. Christian Daniel Cwik Universidad de Colonia, Alemania Dr. Eric de Léséulec INS HEA, Francia REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – JULIO/SEPTIEMBRE 2020 Indización, Repositorios y Bases de Datos Académicas Revista Inclusiones, se encuentra indizada en: CATÁLOGO PH. D. PETR YA. BAKLANOV / PH. D. VYACHESLAV G. SHVEDOV / PH. D. MATVEY T. ROMANOV REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – JULIO/SEPTIEMBRE 2020 BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN PH. D. PETR YA. BAKLANOV / PH. D. VYACHESLAV G. SHVEDOV / PH. D. MATVEY T. ROMANOV REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – JULIO/SEPTIEMBRE 2020 ISSN 0719-4706 - Volumen 7 / Número Especial / Julio – Septiembre 2020 pp. 865-881 THE PACIFIC VECTOR OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA AND THE USA IN XVII-XX CENTURIES AND TRANSFORMATION OF THEIR GEOPOLITICAL RELATIONS Ph. D. Petr Ya. Baklanov The Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation ORCID 0000-0001-7742-7246 [email protected] Ph. D. Vyacheslav G. Shvedov The Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation ORCID 0000-0002-5075-9985 [email protected] Ph.D. Matvey T. Romanov The Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation ORCID 0000-0002-0313-0009 [email protected] Fecha de Recepción: 09 de abril de 2020 – Fecha Revisión: 30 de abril de 2020 Fecha de Aceptación: 23 de junio de 2020 – Fecha de Publicación: 01 de julio de 2020 Abstract The article considers spatial aspects of the formation and transformation of the Russian-American geopolitical relations in the Northern Pacific. It is established that the spatial development of Russia and the US in the 17th - 19th centuries towards the Pacific Ocean occurred almost simultaneously. The stages of the spatial development of these countries during the specified period are allocated. The pacific policy of Russia and the US was built on mutual support for a long period of time. In many cases, it was based on the joint opposition to hegemonic ambitions of Great Britain, including military support to each other during the Crimean War (1853 - 1856) and the American Civil War (1861-1865). Gained trust in allied relations and hope on their stability promoted transfer by Russia of its American assets to the United States (Fort Ross in California and Alaska). However, from the end of the 19th century, the Russian-American geopolitical relations gradually took a turn for the worse. Later, their relations have deteriorated even more after the establishment of the Soviet political system in Russia. This phenomenon has received a pause only in the years of joint struggle against the German and Japanese aggression. Nevertheless, the relations of geopolitical rivalry between Russia (then the USSR) and the US had no mutual spatial claims. However, Mikhail Gorbachev's course to ‘new political thinking’ has allowed the US to annex the vast sector of the Bering Sea (Baker-Shevardnadze Agreement, 1990). Keywords Spatial development – Pacific vector of development – Geopolitical relations – Great Powers PH. D. PETR YA. BAKLANOV / PH. D. VYACHESLAV G. SHVEDOV / PH. D. MATVEY T. ROMANOV REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – JULIO/SEPTIEMBRE 2020 The pacific vector of spatial development of Russia and the USA in XVII-XX centuries and transformation of their…
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