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Table of Contents (PDF) April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u 4833–5254 Cover image: Pictured are marine fossils from a Late Ordovician seafloor uncovered in southwestern Ohio, including a dozen species of brachiopods (large shell in lower right, 1 cm wide), crinoids, and trilobites—three groups that were mainstays of Paleozoic biota but are obscure or absent in modern seas—as well as bryozoans and ostracods. These invertebrates were likely buried during a hurricane, which struck a shallow trop- ical sea that covered most of North America nearly 450 million years ago, leaving behind a rich fossil record that has supported a wide range of evolutionary and ecolog- ical analyses. David Jablonski and Neil H. Shubin introduce the Future of the Fossil Record Special Feature, which describes advances in understanding the origin and evolution of life that emerge from the intersection of paleontology with diverse natural sciences disciplines. See the Introduction to the Special Feature by Jablonski and Shubin on pages 4852–4858. Image courtesy of Steven M. Holland (University of Georgia, Athens, GA). From the Cover 4852 Paleontology, origins, and evolution E2004 Contact between intracellular membranes E2102 Human sex ratio from conception to birth 4952 Probing supercooled liquids Contents CORE CONCEPTS—A brief introduction to emerging topics in science 4835 Core Concept: Capturing atoms in motion Danielle Venton THIS WEEK IN PNAS 4833 In This Issue COMMENTARIES LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) 4837 Extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts): Architecture and dynamics of membrane contact sites revealed E1968 LQT1-phenotypes in hiPSC: Are we measuring the Ángel Pérez-Lara and Reinhard Jahn right thing? See companion article on page E2004 Torsten Christ, András Horvath, and Thomas Eschenhagen 4839 The human prenatal sex ratio: A major surprise E1969 Reply to Christ et al.: LQT1 and JLNS phenotypes in Steven N. Austad hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are due to See companion article on page E2102 KCNQ1 mutations Boris Greber, Arie O. Verkerk, Guiscard Seebohm, 4841 Probing liquid dynamics, one molecule at Christine L. Mummery, and Milena Bellin a time E1970 Caveats about interpretation of ancient chicken mtDNAs Ranko Richert from northern China See companion article on page 4952 Min-Sheng Peng, Ni-Ni Shi, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang E1972 Reply to Peng et al.: Archaeological contexts should not be ignored for early PNAS PLUS chicken domestication Hai Xiang, Michael Hofreiter, and Xingbo Zhao 4843 Significance Statements Brief statements written by the authors about the significance Free online through the PNAS open access option. of their papers. PNAS u April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 INAUGURAL ARTICLE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 4846 A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective APPLIED MATHEMATICS diffusion increases dissipation efficiency 5045 Balance between cell−substrate adhesion and myosin Kathleen M. Hoogeboom-Pot, Jorge N. Hernandez-Charpak, contraction determines the frequency of motility Xiaokun Gu, Travis D. Frazer, Erik H. Anderson, Weilun initiation in fish keratocytes Chao, Roger W. Falcone, Ronggui Yang, Margaret M. Erin Barnhart, Kun-Chun Lee, Greg M. Allen, Julie A. Murnane, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Damiano Nardi Theriot, and Alex Mogilner FUTURE OF THE FOSSIL RECORD SPECIAL FEATURE APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 4930 Mechanical cloak design by direct lattice transformation Tiemo Bückmann, Muamer Kadic, Robert Schittny, INTRODUCTION and Martin Wegener 4852 The future of the fossil record: Paleontology in the 21st century David Jablonski and Neil H. Shubin CHEMISTRY 4935 Base-enhanced catalytic water oxidation by – PERSPECTIVES a carboxylate bipyridine Ru(II) complex Na Song, Javier J. Concepcion, Robert A. Binstead, 4877 Neither chimpanzee nor human, Ardipithecus reveals Jennifer A. Rudd, Aaron K. Vannucci, Christopher J. Dares, the surprising ancestry of both Michael K. Coggins, and Thomas J. Meyer Tim D. White, C. Owen Lovejoy, Berhane Asfaw, Joshua P. Carlson, and Gen Suwa 4941 Mimicking the magnetic properties of rare earth elements using superatoms 4915 Community ecology in a changing environment: Shi-Bo Cheng, Cuneyt Berkdemir, and A. W. Castleman Jr. Perspectives from the Quaternary Stephen T. Jackson and Jessica L. Blois 4946 Mechanisms of hematin crystallization and inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine 4922 Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights Katy N. Olafson, Megan A. Ketchum, Jeffrey D. Rimer, from young fossil records and Peter G. Vekilov Susan M. Kidwell 4952 Ideal probe single-molecule experiments reveal the RESEARCH ARTICLES intrinsic dynamic heterogeneity of a supercooled liquid Keewook Paeng, Heungman Park, Dat Tien Hoang, 4859 Changing the picture of Earth’s earliest fossils and Laura J. Kaufman (3.5–1.9 Ga) with new approaches and new discoveries See Commentary on page 4841 Martin D. Brasier, Jonathan Antcliffe, Martin Saunders, and David Wacey 5011 A modular toolkit to inhibit proline-rich motif–mediated – 4865 The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran protein protein interactions Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling Robert Opitz, Matthias Müller, Cédric Reuter, Matthias Barone, Arne Soicke, Yvette Roske, Kirill Piotukh, Peter 4871 Organogenesis in deep time: A problem in genomics, Huy, Monika Beerbaum, Burkhard Wiesner, Michael development, and paleontology Beyermann, Peter Schmieder, Christian Freund, Rudolf Joyce Pieretti, Andrew R. Gehrke, Igor Schneider, Noritaka Volkmer, Hartmut Oschkinat, Hans-Günther Schmalz, Adachi, Tetsuya Nakamura, and Neil H. Shubin and Ronald Kühne 4885 Simple versus complex models of trait evolution and stasis as a response to environmental change EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Gene Hunt, Melanie J. Hopkins, and Scott Lidgard 4859 Changing the picture of Earth’s earliest fossils 4891 The fossil record of phenotypic integration (3.5–1.9 Ga) with new approaches and new discoveries and modularity: A deep-time perspective on Martin D. Brasier, Jonathan Antcliffe, Martin Saunders, developmental and evolutionary dynamics and David Wacey Anjali Goswami, Wendy J. Binder, Julie Meachen, and F. Robin O’Keefe 4865 The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling 4897 Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution 4885 Simple versus complex models of trait evolution Graham J. Slater and stasis as a response to environmental change Gene Hunt, Melanie J. Hopkins, and Scott Lidgard 4903 Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day 4897 Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show and fossil data no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution Shan Huang, Kaustuv Roy, James W. Valentine, Graham J. Slater and David Jablonski 4903 Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine 4909 Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day evolutionary history in the face of and fossil data anthropogenic extinctions Shan Huang, Kaustuv Roy, James W. Valentine, Danwei Huang, Emma E. Goldberg, and Kaustuv Roy and David Jablonski iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 4909 Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving SOCIAL SCIENCES evolutionary history in the face of E2102 The human sex ratio from conception to birth anthropogenic extinctions Steven Hecht Orzack, J. William Stubblefield, Viatcheslav R. Danwei Huang, Emma E. Goldberg, and Kaustuv Roy Akmaev, Pere Colls, Santiago Munné, Thomas Scholl, David 4958 Metallic lead nanospheres discovered in ancient zircons Steinsaltz, and James E. Zuckerman Monika A. Kusiak, Daniel J. Dunkley, Richard Wirth, See Commentary on page 4839 Martin J. Whitehouse, Simon A. Wilde, 4994 Effect of neighborhood stigma on economic transactions and Katharina Marquardt Max Besbris, Jacob William Faber, Peter Rich, and Patrick Sharkey ENGINEERING SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 4964 High-yield hydrogen production from biomass by in vitro metabolic engineering: Mixed sugars coutilization 4999 Cities, traffic, and CO2: A multidecadal assessment and kinetic modeling of trends, drivers, and scaling relationships Joseph A. Rollin, Julia Martin del Campo, Suwan Myung, Conor K. Gately, Lucy R. Hutyra, and Ian Sue Wing Fangfang Sun, Chun You, Allison Bakovic, Roberto Castro, Sanjeev K. Chandrayan, Chang-Hao Wu, Michael W. W. Adams, Ryan S. Senger, and Y.-H. Percival Zhang BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 4970 Acoustic separation of circulating tumor cells Peng Li, Zhangming Mao, Zhangli Peng, Lanlan Zhou, APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Yuchao Chen, Po-Hsun Huang, Cristina I. Truica, Joseph J. 4964 High-yield hydrogen production from biomass by in vitro Drabick, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Ming Dao, Subra Suresh, metabolic engineering: Mixed sugars coutilization and Tony Jun Huang and kinetic modeling 4976 New functional insights into the internal Joseph A. Rollin, Julia Martin del Campo, Suwan Myung, architecture of the laminated anchor spicules Fangfang Sun, Chun You, Allison Bakovic, Roberto Castro, of Euplectella aspergillum Sanjeev K. Chandrayan, Chang-Hao Wu, Michael W. W. Michael A. Monn, James C. Weaver, Tianyang Zhang, Joanna Adams, Ryan S. Senger, and Y.-H. Percival Zhang Aizenberg, and Haneesh Kesari 5005 Effective and lesion-free cutaneous influenza vaccination 4982 Stoichiometric control of DNA-grafted Ji Wang, Bo Li, and Mei X. Wu colloid self-assembly Thi Vo, Venkat Venkatasubramanian, Sanat Kumar, Babji BIOCHEMISTRY
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