April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u 4833–5254

Cover image: Pictured are marine fossils from a Late Ordovician seafloor uncovered in southwestern Ohio, including a dozen species of brachiopods (large shell in lower right, 1 cm wide), crinoids, and trilobites—three groups that were mainstays of Paleozoic biota but are obscure or absent in modern seas—as well as bryozoans and ostracods. These invertebrates were likely buried during a hurricane, which struck a shallow trop- ical sea that covered most of North America nearly 450 million years ago, leaving behind a rich fossil record that has supported a wide range of evolutionary and ecolog- ical analyses. David Jablonski and Neil H. Shubin introduce the Future of the Fossil Record Special Feature, which describes advances in understanding the origin and evolution of life that emerge from the intersection of paleontology with diverse natural sciences disciplines. See the Introduction to the Special Feature by Jablonski and Shubin on pages 4852–4858. Image courtesy of Steven M. Holland (University of Georgia, Athens, GA). From the Cover

4852 Paleontology, origins, and evolution E2004 Contact between intracellular membranes E2102 Human sex ratio from conception to birth 4952 Probing supercooled liquids

Contents CORE CONCEPTS—A brief introduction to emerging topics in science 4835 Core Concept: Capturing atoms in motion Danielle Venton THIS WEEK IN PNAS

4833 In This Issue COMMENTARIES

LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) 4837 Extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts): Architecture and dynamics of membrane contact sites revealed E1968 LQT1-phenotypes in hiPSC: Are we measuring the Ángel Pérez-Lara and Reinhard Jahn right thing? See companion article on page E2004 Torsten Christ, András Horvath, and Thomas Eschenhagen 4839 The human prenatal sex ratio: A major surprise E1969 Reply to Christ et al.: LQT1 and JLNS phenotypes in Steven N. Austad hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are due to See companion article on page E2102 KCNQ1 mutations Boris Greber, Arie O. Verkerk, Guiscard Seebohm, 4841 Probing liquid dynamics, one molecule at Christine L. Mummery, and Milena Bellin a time E1970 Caveats about interpretation of ancient chicken mtDNAs Ranko Richert from northern China See companion article on page 4952 Min-Sheng Peng, Ni-Ni Shi, Yong-Gang Yao, and Ya-Ping Zhang E1972 Reply to Peng et al.: Archaeological contexts should not be ignored for early PNAS PLUS chicken domestication Hai Xiang, Michael Hofreiter, and Xingbo Zhao 4843 Significance Statements Brief statements written by the authors about the significance Free online through the PNAS open access option. of their papers.

PNAS u April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 INAUGURAL ARTICLE PHYSICAL SCIENCES

4846 A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective APPLIED MATHEMATICS diffusion increases dissipation efficiency 5045 Balance between cell−substrate adhesion and myosin Kathleen M. Hoogeboom-Pot, Jorge N. Hernandez-Charpak, contraction determines the frequency of motility Xiaokun Gu, Travis D. Frazer, Erik H. Anderson, Weilun initiation in fish keratocytes Chao, Roger W. Falcone, Ronggui Yang, Margaret M. Erin Barnhart, Kun-Chun Lee, Greg M. Allen, Julie A. Murnane, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Damiano Nardi Theriot, and Alex Mogilner

FUTURE OF THE FOSSIL RECORD SPECIAL FEATURE APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 4930 Mechanical cloak design by direct lattice transformation Tiemo Bückmann, Muamer Kadic, Robert Schittny, INTRODUCTION and Martin Wegener 4852 The future of the fossil record: Paleontology in the 21st century David Jablonski and Neil H. Shubin CHEMISTRY 4935 Base-enhanced catalytic water oxidation by – PERSPECTIVES a carboxylate bipyridine Ru(II) complex Na Song, Javier J. Concepcion, Robert A. Binstead, 4877 Neither chimpanzee nor human, Ardipithecus reveals Jennifer A. Rudd, Aaron K. Vannucci, Christopher J. Dares, the surprising ancestry of both Michael K. Coggins, and Thomas J. Meyer Tim D. White, C. Owen Lovejoy, Berhane Asfaw, Joshua P. Carlson, and Gen Suwa 4941 Mimicking the magnetic properties of rare earth elements using superatoms 4915 Community ecology in a changing environment: Shi-Bo Cheng, Cuneyt Berkdemir, and A. W. Castleman Jr. Perspectives from the Quaternary Stephen T. Jackson and Jessica L. Blois 4946 Mechanisms of hematin crystallization and inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine 4922 Biology in the Anthropocene: Challenges and insights Katy N. Olafson, Megan A. Ketchum, Jeffrey D. Rimer, from young fossil records and Peter G. Vekilov Susan M. Kidwell 4952 Ideal probe single-molecule experiments reveal the RESEARCH ARTICLES intrinsic dynamic heterogeneity of a supercooled liquid Keewook Paeng, Heungman Park, Dat Tien Hoang, 4859 Changing the picture of Earth’s earliest fossils and Laura J. Kaufman (3.5–1.9 Ga) with new approaches and new discoveries See Commentary on page 4841 Martin D. Brasier, Jonathan Antcliffe, Martin Saunders, and David Wacey 5011 A modular toolkit to inhibit proline-rich motif–mediated – 4865 The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran protein protein interactions Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling Robert Opitz, Matthias Müller, Cédric Reuter, Matthias Barone, Arne Soicke, Yvette Roske, Kirill Piotukh, Peter 4871 Organogenesis in deep time: A problem in genomics, Huy, Monika Beerbaum, Burkhard Wiesner, Michael development, and paleontology Beyermann, Peter Schmieder, Christian Freund, Rudolf Joyce Pieretti, Andrew R. Gehrke, Igor Schneider, Noritaka Volkmer, Hartmut Oschkinat, Hans-Günther Schmalz, Adachi, Tetsuya Nakamura, and Neil H. Shubin and Ronald Kühne 4885 Simple versus complex models of trait evolution and stasis as a response to environmental change EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Gene Hunt, Melanie J. Hopkins, and Scott Lidgard 4859 Changing the picture of Earth’s earliest fossils 4891 The fossil record of phenotypic integration (3.5–1.9 Ga) with new approaches and new discoveries and modularity: A deep-time perspective on Martin D. Brasier, Jonathan Antcliffe, Martin Saunders, developmental and evolutionary dynamics and David Wacey Anjali Goswami, Wendy J. Binder, Julie Meachen, and F. Robin O’Keefe 4865 The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling 4897 Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution 4885 Simple versus complex models of trait evolution Graham J. Slater and stasis as a response to environmental change Gene Hunt, Melanie J. Hopkins, and Scott Lidgard 4903 Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day 4897 Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show and fossil data no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution Shan Huang, Kaustuv Roy, James W. Valentine, Graham J. Slater and David Jablonski 4903 Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine 4909 Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day evolutionary history in the face of and fossil data anthropogenic extinctions Shan Huang, Kaustuv Roy, James W. Valentine, Danwei Huang, Emma E. Goldberg, and Kaustuv Roy and David Jablonski

iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 4909 Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving SOCIAL SCIENCES evolutionary history in the face of E2102 The human sex ratio from conception to birth anthropogenic extinctions Steven Hecht Orzack, J. William Stubblefield, Viatcheslav R. Danwei Huang, Emma E. Goldberg, and Kaustuv Roy Akmaev, Pere Colls, Santiago Munné, Thomas Scholl, David 4958 Metallic lead nanospheres discovered in ancient zircons Steinsaltz, and James E. Zuckerman Monika A. Kusiak, Daniel J. Dunkley, Richard Wirth, See Commentary on page 4839 Martin J. Whitehouse, Simon A. Wilde, 4994 Effect of neighborhood stigma on economic transactions and Katharina Marquardt Max Besbris, Jacob William Faber, Peter Rich, and Patrick Sharkey ENGINEERING SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 4964 High-yield hydrogen production from biomass by in vitro metabolic engineering: Mixed sugars coutilization 4999 Cities, traffic, and CO2: A multidecadal assessment and kinetic modeling of trends, drivers, and scaling relationships Joseph A. Rollin, Julia Martin del Campo, Suwan Myung, Conor K. Gately, Lucy R. Hutyra, and Ian Sue Wing Fangfang Sun, Chun You, Allison Bakovic, Roberto Castro, Sanjeev K. Chandrayan, Chang-Hao Wu, Michael W. W. Adams, Ryan S. Senger, and Y.-H. Percival Zhang BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 4970 Acoustic separation of circulating tumor cells Peng Li, Zhangming Mao, Zhangli Peng, Lanlan Zhou, APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Yuchao Chen, Po-Hsun Huang, Cristina I. Truica, Joseph J. 4964 High-yield hydrogen production from biomass by in vitro Drabick, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Ming Dao, Subra Suresh, metabolic engineering: Mixed sugars coutilization and Tony Jun Huang and kinetic modeling 4976 New functional insights into the internal Joseph A. Rollin, Julia Martin del Campo, Suwan Myung, architecture of the laminated anchor spicules Fangfang Sun, Chun You, Allison Bakovic, Roberto Castro, of Euplectella aspergillum Sanjeev K. Chandrayan, Chang-Hao Wu, Michael W. W. Michael A. Monn, James C. Weaver, Tianyang Zhang, Joanna Adams, Ryan S. Senger, and Y.-H. Percival Zhang Aizenberg, and Haneesh Kesari 5005 Effective and lesion-free cutaneous influenza vaccination 4982 Stoichiometric control of DNA-grafted Ji Wang, Bo Li, and Mei X. Wu colloid self-assembly Thi Vo, Venkat Venkatasubramanian, Sanat Kumar, Babji BIOCHEMISTRY Srinivasan, Suchetan Pal, Yugang Zhang, and Oleg Gang E1974 Panoramic view of a superfamily of phosphatases through substrate profiling ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Hua Huang, Chetanya Pandya, Chunliang Liu, Nawar F. Al-Obaidi, Min Wang, Li Zheng, Sarah Toews Keating, 4891 The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: A deep-time perspective on Miyuki Aono, James D. Love, Brandon Evans, Ronald D. developmental and evolutionary dynamics Seidel, Brandan S. Hillerich, Scott J. Garforth, Steven C. Almo, Patrick S. Mariano, Debra Dunaway-Mariano, Anjali Goswami, Wendy J. Binder, Julie Meachen, Karen N. Allen, and Jeremiah D. Farelli and F. Robin O’Keefe E1984 Productive mRNA stem loop-mediated transcriptional slippage: Crucial features in common with intrinsic terminators 4846 A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective Christophe Penno, Virag Sharma, Arthur Coakley, Mary diffusion increases dissipation efficiency O’Connell Motherway, Douwe van Sinderen, Lucyna Kathleen M. Hoogeboom-Pot, Jorge N. Hernandez-Charpak, Lubkowska, Maria L. Kireeva, Mikhail Kashlev, Pavel V. Xiaokun Gu, Travis D. Frazer, Erik H. Anderson, Weilun Baranov, and John F. Atkins Chao, Roger W. Falcone, Ronggui Yang, Margaret M. Murnane, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Damiano Nardi 5011 A modular toolkit to inhibit proline-rich motif–mediated protein–protein interactions Robert Opitz, Matthias Müller, Cédric Reuter, Matthias Barone, Arne Soicke, Yvette Roske, Kirill Piotukh, Peter Huy, Monika Beerbaum, Burkhard Wiesner, Michael SOCIAL SCIENCES Beyermann, Peter Schmieder, Christian Freund, Rudolf Volkmer, Hartmut Oschkinat, Hans-Günther Schmalz, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES and Ronald Kühne 4988 Female peers in small work groups enhance women’s 5017 A cytosolic heat shock protein 90 and cochaperone motivation, verbal participation, and career aspirations CDC37 complex is required for RIP3 activation in engineering during necroptosis Nilanjana Dasgupta, Melissa McManus Scircle, Dianrong Li, Tao Xu, Yang Cao, Huayi Wang, Lin Li, and Matthew Hunsinger She Chen, Xiaodong Wang, and Zhirong Shen 5195 Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the 5023 Potential role for snoRNAs in PKR activation during human orbitofrontal cortex metabolic stress James D. Howard, Jay A. Gottfried, Philippe N. Tobler, Osama A. Youssef, Sarah A. Safran, Takahisa Nakamura, and Thorsten Kahnt David A. Nix, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, and Brenda L. Bass

PNAS u April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u v Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 5075 Sall4-Gli3 system in early limb progenitors is essential E1994 Structural characterization of toxic oligomers that are for the development of limb skeletal elements kinetically trapped during α-synuclein fibril formation Ryutaro Akiyama, Hiroko Kawakami, Julia Wong, Isao Oishi, Serene W. Chen, Srdja Drakulic, Emma Deas, Myriam Ryuichi Nishinakamura, and Yasuhiko Kawakami Ouberai, Francesco A. Aprile, Rocío Arranz, Samuel Ness, Cintia Roodveldt, Tim Guilliams, Erwin J. De-Genst, David ECOLOGY Klenerman, Nicholas W. Wood, Tuomas P.J. Knowles, Carlos Alfonso, Germán Rivas, Andrey Y. Abramov, E2014 Virus decomposition provides an important contribution José María Valpuesta, Christopher M. Dobson, to benthic deep-sea ecosystem functioning and Nunilo Cremades Antonio Dell’Anno, Cinzia Corinaldesi, and Roberto Danovaro 5029 Alternative approach to protein structure prediction based on sequential similarity of physical properties 5081 US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities Yi He, S. Rackovsky, Yanping Yin, and Harold A. Scheraga Clinton N. Jenkins, Kyle S. Van Houtan, Stuart L. Pimm, and Joseph O. Sexton 5033 Molecular determinants of the interactions between proteins and ssDNA Garima Mishra and Yaakov Levy EVOLUTION 5039 Homologous ligands accommodated by discrete 4865 The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran conformations of a buried cavity Mary L. Droser and James G. Gehling Matthew Merski, Marcus Fischer, Trent E. Balius, 4871 Organogenesis in deep time: A problem in genomics, Oliv Eidam, and Brian K. Shoichet development, and paleontology Joyce Pieretti, Andrew R. Gehrke, Igor Schneider, Noritaka Adachi, Tetsuya Nakamura, and Neil H. Shubin E2004 Three-dimensional architecture of extended 4885 Simple versus complex models of trait evolution synaptotagmin-mediated endoplasmic and stasis as a response to environmental change – reticulum plasma membrane contact sites Gene Hunt, Melanie J. Hopkins, and Scott Lidgard Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego, Yasunori Saheki, and Pietro De Camilli 4891 The fossil record of phenotypic integration See Commentary on page 4837 and modularity: A deep-time perspective on developmental and evolutionary dynamics 4970 Acoustic separation of circulating tumor cells Anjali Goswami, Wendy J. Binder, Julie Meachen, Peng Li, Zhangming Mao, Zhangli Peng, Lanlan Zhou, and F. Robin O’Keefe Yuchao Chen, Po-Hsun Huang, Cristina I. Truica, Joseph J. Drabick, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Ming Dao, Subra Suresh, 4897 Iterative adaptive radiations of fossil canids show and Tony Jun Huang no evidence for diversity-dependent trait evolution Graham J. Slater 5045 Balance between cell−substrate adhesion and myosin contraction determines the frequency of motility 4903 Convergence, divergence, and parallelism in marine initiation in fish keratocytes biodiversity trends: Integrating present-day Erin Barnhart, Kun-Chun Lee, Greg M. Allen, Julie A. and fossil data Theriot, and Alex Mogilner Shan Huang, Kaustuv Roy, James W. Valentine, and David Jablonski 5051 NADPH oxidase DUOX1 promotes long-term persistence of oxidative stress after an 4909 Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving exposure to irradiation evolutionary history in the face of Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani, Monique Talbot, Maria Carolina anthropogenic extinctions de Souza Dos Santos, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Dana Hartl, Danwei Huang, Emma E. Goldberg, and Kaustuv Roy Jean-Michel Bidart, Xavier De Deken, Françoise Miot, 5087 Insights into the origins of fish hunting in venomous Ibrahima Diallo, Florent de Vathaire, Martin Schlumberger, cone snails from studies of Conus tessulatus and Corinne Dupuy Joseph W. Aman, Julita S. Imperial, Beatrix Ueberheide, 5057 Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone requires a receptor Min-Min Zhang, Manuel Aguilar, Dylan Taylor, Maren tyrosine kinase to activate egg formation in the Watkins, Doju Yoshikami, Patrice Showers-Corneli, Helena mosquito Aedes aegypti Safavi-Hemami, Jason Biggs, Russell W. Teichert, Kevin J. Vogel, Mark R. Brown, and Michael R. Strand and Baldomero M. Olivera 5063 Hydrophilic microenvironment required for the 5093 Adaptive evolution toward larger size in mammals channel-independent insertase function of Joanna Baker, Andrew Meade, Mark Pagel, YidC protein and Chris Venditti Naomi Shimokawa-Chiba, Kaoru Kumazaki, Tomoya Tsukazaki, Osamu Nureki, Koreaki Ito, and Shinobu Chiba GENETICS E2020 Maternal and zygotic Zfp57 modulate NOTCH signaling DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY in cardiac development 5069 Cell-autonomous activation of Hedgehog signaling Yulia Shamis, Dana E. Cullen, Lizhi Liu, Guan Yang, inhibits brown adipose tissue development Sheau-Fang Ng, Lijuan Xiao, Fong T. Bell, Chelsea Ray, LaGina Nosavanh, Da-Hai Yu, Eric J. Jaehnig, Qiang Tong, Sachiko Takikawa, Ivan P. Moskowitz, Chen-Leng Cai, Xiao Lanlan Shen, and Miao-Hsueh Chen Yang, and Xiajun Li

vi u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 5099 Telomere dysfunction causes alveolar stem cell failure 5135 Estrogen receptor β exon 3-deleted mouse: The Jonathan K. Alder, Christina E. Barkauskas, Nathachit importance of non-ERE pathways in ERβ signaling Limjunyawong, Susan E. Stanley, Frant Kembou, Rubin M. Laure Maneix, Per Antonson, Patricia Humire, Sabrina Tuder, Brigid L. M. Hogan, Wayne Mitzner, Rochel-Maia, Jessica Castañeda, Yoko Omoto, Hyun-Jin and Mary Armanios Kim, Margaret Warner, and Jan-Åke Gustafsson 5105 Evolution of the rapidly mutating human salivary 5141 Endothelin-1 critically influences cardiac function via agglutinin gene (DMBT1) and population superoxide-MMP9 cascade subsistence strategy Catherine K. Hathaway, Ruriko Grant, John R. Hagaman, Shamik Polley, Sandra Louzada, Diego Forni, Manuela Sironi, Sylvia Hiller, Feng Li, Longquan Xu, Albert S. Chang, Theodosius Balaskas, David S. Hains, Fengtang Yang, Victoria J. Madden, C. Robert Bagnell, Mauricio Rojas, and Edward J. Hollox Hyung-Suk Kim, Bingruo Wu, Bin Zhou, Oliver Smithies, and Masao Kakoki IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION 5147 Using bimodal MRI/fluorescence imaging to identify host E2030 Sterile inflammation in the spleen during atherosclerosis angiogenic response to implants provides oxidation-specific epitopes that induce Alexandra Berdichevski, Haneen Simaan Yameen, Hagit a protective B-cell response Dafni, Michal Neeman, and Dror Seliktar Emilie K. Grasset, Amanda Duhlin, Hanna E. Agardh, Olga 5153 Long-acting progestin-only contraceptives impair Ovchinnikova, Thomas Hägglöf, Mattias N. Forsell, Gabrielle endometrial vasculature by inhibiting uterine vascular Paulsson-Berne, Göran K. Hansson, Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth, smooth muscle cell survival and Mikael C. I. Karlsson Umit A. Kayisli, Murat Basar, Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli, 5111 Human IL-32 expression protects mice against Nihan Semerci, Helen C. Atkinson, John Shapiro, Taryn a hypervirulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Summerfield, S. Joseph Huang, Katja Prelle, Frederick Xiyuan Bai, Shaobin Shang, Marcela Henao-Tamayo, Schatz, and Charles J. Lockwood Randall J. Basaraba, Alida R. Ovrutsky, Jennifer L. Matsuda, Katsuyuki Takeda, Mallory M. Chan, Azzeddine Dakhama, MICROBIOLOGY William H. Kinney, Jessica Trostel, An Bai, Jennifer R. Honda, Rosane Achcar, John Hartney, Leo A. B. Joosten, 5159 Stress sigma factor RpoS degradation and translation Soo-Hyun Kim, Ian Orme, Charles A. Dinarello, Diane J. are sensitive to the state of central metabolism Ordway, and Edward D. Chan Aurelia Battesti, Nadim Majdalani, and Susan Gottesman 5117 Exonuclease TREX1 degrades double-stranded DNA to 5165 Structure of CARDS toxin, a unique ADP-ribosylating and prevent spontaneous lupus-like inflammatory disease vacuolating cytotoxin from Mycoplasma pneumoniae Jessica L. Grieves, Jason M. Fye, Scott Harvey, Jason M. Argentina Becker, T. R. Kannan, Alexander B. Taylor, Grayson, Thomas Hollis, and Fred W. Perrino Olga N. Pakhomova, Yanfeng Zhang, Sudha R. Somarajan, Ahmad Galaleldeen, Stephen P. Holloway, Joel B. Baseman, 5123 PLZF expression maps the early stages of ILC1 and P. John Hart lineage development Michael G. Constantinides, Herman Gudjonson, Benjamin D. 5171 Stochastic induction of persister cells by HipA through McDonald, Isabel E. Ishizuka, Philip A. Verhoef, Aaron R. (p)ppGpp-mediated activation of mRNA endonucleases Dinner, and Albert Bendelac Elsa Germain, Mohammad Roghanian, Kenn Gerdes, and Etienne Maisonneuve MEDICAL SCIENCES 5177 Rgg protein structure–function and inhibition by cyclic E2039 In vivo characterization of chronic traumatic peptide compounds encephalopathy using [F-18]FDDNP PET brain imaging Vijay Parashar, Chaitanya Aggarwal, Michael J. Federle, Jorge R. Barrio, Gary W. Small, Koon-Pong Wong, and Matthew B. Neiditch Sung-Cheng Huang, Jie Liu (刘捷), David A. Merrill, 5183 Salmonella promotes virulence by repressing Christopher C. Giza, Robert P. Fitzsimmons, Bennet Omalu, cellulose production Julian Bailes, and Vladimir Kepe Mauricio H. Pontes, Eun-Jin Lee, Jeongjoon Choi, E2048 Compromised peroxisomes in idiopathic pulmonary and Eduardo A. Groisman fibrosis, a vicious cycle inducing a higher fibrotic response via TGF-β signaling 5189 General and condition-specific essential functions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gani Oruqaj, Srikanth Karnati, Vijith Vijayan, Lakshmi Kanth Kotarkonda, Eistine Boateng, Wenming Zhang, Samuel A. Lee, Larry A. Gallagher, Metawee Thongdee, Clemens Ruppert, Andreas Günther, Wei Shi, Benjamin J. Staudinger, Soyeon Lippman, Pradeep K. Singh, and Eveline Baumgart-Vogt and Colin Manoil E2058 Visualized macrophage dynamics and significance of NEUROSCIENCE S100A8 in obese fat Ryohei Sekimoto, Shiro Fukuda, Norikazu Maeda, Yu E2067 Motor role of parietal cortex in a monkey model of Tsushima, Keisuke Matsuda, Takuya Mori, Hideaki Nakatsuji, hemispatial neglect Hitoshi Nishizawa, Ken Kishida, Junichi Kikuta, Yumiko Jan Kubanek, Jingfeng M. Li, and Lawrence H. Snyder Maijima, Tohru Funahashi, Masaru Ishii, E2073 Asphyxia-activated corticocardiac signaling accelerates and Iichiro Shimomura onset of cardiac arrest 5129 Seizure-like activity in a juvenile Angelman syndrome Duan Li, Omar S. Mabrouk, Tiecheng Liu, Fangyun Tian, mouse model is attenuated by reducing Arc expression Gang Xu, Santiago Rengifo, Sarah J. Choi, Abhay Mathur, Caleigh Mandel-Brehm, John Salogiannis, Sameer C. Charles P. Crooks, Robert T. Kennedy, Michael M. Wang, Dhamne, Alexander Rotenberg, and Michael E. Greenberg Hamid Ghanbari, and Jimo Borjigin

PNAS u April 21, 2015 u vol. 112 u no. 16 u vii Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 E2083 Cortical activity is more stable when sensory stimuli 5243 Structural basis for substrate specificity of an amino acid are consciously perceived ABC transporter Aaron Schurger, Ioannis Sarigiannidis, Lionel Naccache, Jie Yu, Jingpeng Ge, Johanna Heuveling, Erwin Schneider, Jacobo D. Sitt, and Stanislas Dehaene and Maojun Yang E2093 Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition PLANT BIOLOGY Mihail Bota, Olaf Sporns, and Larry W. Swanson 5249 Time-dependent sequestration of RVE8 by LNK proteins shapes the diurnal oscillation of 5195 Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the anthocyanin biosynthesis human orbitofrontal cortex Pablo Pérez-García, Yuan Ma, Marcelo J. Yanovsky, James D. Howard, Jay A. Gottfried, Philippe N. Tobler, and Paloma Mas and Thorsten Kahnt

5201 fMRI of the rod scotoma elucidates cortical rod pathways POPULATION BIOLOGY and implications for lesion measurements Brian Barton and Alyssa A. Brewer E2102 The human sex ratio from conception to birth Steven Hecht Orzack, J. William Stubblefield, Viatcheslav R. 5207 Information flow between interacting human brains: Akmaev, Pere Colls, Santiago Munné, Thomas Scholl, David Identification, validation, and relationship to Steinsaltz, and James E. Zuckerman social expertise See Commentary on page 4839 Edda Bilek, Matthias Ruf, Axel Schäfer, Ceren Akdeniz, Vince D. Calhoun, Christian Schmahl, Charmaine Demanuele, Heike Tost, Peter Kirsch, and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg CORRECTIONS (ONLINE ONLY) 5213 Pain-enhancing mechanism through interaction between TRPV1 and anoctamin 1 in PROFILE sensory neurons E2112 Profile of Kazutoshi Mori and , 2014 Lasker Yasunori Takayama, Daisuke Uta, Hidemasa Furue, Basic Medical Research Awardees: The unfolded and Makoto Tominaga protein response 5219 Octopamine mediates starvation-induced hyperactivity Andrew Dillin in adult Drosophila Zhe Yang (杨哲), Yue Yu (于悦), Vivian Zhang (张维嘉), COMMENTARY 田引军 祁伟 Yinjun Tian ( ), Wei Qi ( ), E2113 Mitochondrial metabolism is regulated by 王立铭 and Liming Wang ( ) thioredoxin 5225 Edaravone alleviates Alzheimer’s disease-type Ian Max Møller pathologies and cognitive deficits Shu-Sheng Jiao, Xiu-Qing Yao, Yu-Hui Liu, Qing-Hua Wang, CELL BIOLOGY Fan Zeng, Jian-Jun Lu, Jia Liu, Chi Zhu, Lin-Lin Shen, E2114 Aged insulin granules display reduced microtubule- Cheng-Hui Liu, Ye-Ran Wang, Gui-Hua Zeng, Ankit Parikh, dependent mobility and are disposed within actin- Jia Chen, Chun-Rong Liang, Yang Xiang, Xian-Le Bu, Juan positive multigranular bodies Deng, Jing Li, Juan Xu, Yue-Qin Zeng, Xiang Xu, Hai-Wei Peter Hoboth, Andreas Müller, Anna Ivanova, Hassan Xu, Jin-Hua Zhong, Hua-Dong Zhou, Xin-Fu Zhou, Mziaut, Jaber Dehghany, Anke Sönmez, Martina Lachnit, and Yan-Jiang Wang Michael Meyer-Hermann, Yannis Kalaidzidis, and Michele Solimena PHARMACOLOGY 5231 Mitigation of acute kidney injury by cell-cycle inhibitors IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION that suppress both CDK4/6 and OCT2 functions E2115 RORγt-specific transcriptional interactomic Navjotsingh Pabla, Alice A. Gibson, Mike Buege, Su Sien inhibition suppresses autoimmunity associated Ong, Lie Li, Shuiying Hu, Guoqing Du, Jason A. Sprowl, with T 17 cells Aksana Vasilyeva, Laura J. Janke, Eberhard Schlatter, H Tae-Yoon Park, Sung-Dong Park, Jen-Young Cho, Jae-Seung Taosheng Chen, Giuliano Ciarimboli, and Alex Sparreboom Moon, Na-Yeon Kim, Kyungsoo Park, Rho Hyun Seong, Sang-Won Lee, Tomohiro Morio, Alfred L. M. Bothwell, PHYSIOLOGY and Sang-Kyou Lee 5237 Cadmium–cysteine coordination in the BK inner pore region and its structural and functional implications Yu Zhou, Xiao-Ming Xia, and Christopher J. Lingle ix Subscription Form

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