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The Lymphoid System

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The Lymphoid System LYMPHATIC SYSTEM MUDr. Hisham El Falougy, PhD. [email protected] Lymphoid cells Lymphoid organs: primary and secondary Lymphoid vessels lymph The lymphoid cells B lymphocytes Plasma cells Humeral immunity (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) B memory cells The lymphoid cells T lymphocytes Cellular imunity Cytotoxic cells Helper cells Supressor cells T memory cells The lymphoid cells Antigen-presenting cells Macrophages Epidermal Langerhans cells Dendritic cells of lymphoid organs M cells The primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow Thymus The secondary lymphoid organs Spleen Lymph nodes Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue Tonsils LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: TRANSPORTS EXCESS INTERSTITIAL FLUID ABSORBS AND TRANSPORTS FAT FROM INTESTINE IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION LYMPH AND LYMPH CAPILLARIES LYMPH CAPILLARIES SMALLEST LYMPHATIC VESSELS CLOSED-ENDED TUBES FORM NETWORK IN THE INTERCELLULAR SPACES LACTEALS (SMALL INTESTINE) LYMPH AND LYMPH CAPILLARIES LYMPH CAPILLARIES ENDOTHELIUM LACK A BASAL LAMINA PERMAEABLE TO LARGER MOLECULES LYMPH AND LYMPH CAPILLARIES LYMPH CAPILLARIES ABSENT FROM: AVASCULAR STRUCTURES CNS BONE MARROW VERY FEW IN ENDOMYSIUM OF SKELETAL MUSCLES LYMPH AND LYMPH CAPILLARIES LYMPH FILTRATE OF PLASMA CLEAR AND COLOURLESS DENSE AND MILKY CHYLE LYMPHATIC VESSELS LYMPH CAPILLARIES JOIN INTO LARGER LYMPHATIC VESSELS PASS TO LOCAL OR REMOTE LYMPH NODES REPAIR EASILY Lymphatic vessels and lymph Vasa lymphocapillaria Rete lymphocapillare Collectores lymphatici (vasa lymphatica) Vasa afferentia and Vas efferens Trunci lymphatici LYMPHATIC VESSELS SAME LAYERS OF VEINS TUNICA INTIMA (ENDOTHELIUM+FIBROUS TISSUE) TUNICA MEDIA (SMOOTH MUSCLE) TUNICA ADVENTITIA(CONNECTIVE TISSUE+NERVE FIBERS) CONTAIN VALVES TUNICA INTIMA SEMILUNAR MOVEMENT OF LYMPH FILTERATION PRESSURE CONTRACTION OF MUSCLES PULSATION OF ARTERIES RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS NEGATIVE BP IN BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS SMOOTH MUSCLES IN TUNICA MEDIA LYMPH NODES ENCAPSULATED OVAL BODIES 0.1-2.5 cm LONG LYING IN THE COARSE OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS HILUM: BLODD VESSELS ENTER AND LEAV EFFERENT LYMPH VESSLE EMERGES LYMPH NODES SEVERAL AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS ENTER PERIPHERALLY CORTEX MEDULLA LYMPH NODES CAPSULE AND TRABECULAE COLLAGEN, FIBROBLASTS, ELASTIN RETICULUM RETICULIN IN SPACESES ENCLOSED BY CAPSULE AND TRABECULAE SUPPORTS CELL MASSES LYMPH NODES LYMPHATIC CHANNELS PASSAGE OF LYMPH ENDOTHELIUM MACROPHAGES T AND B LYMPHOCYTES SUBCASULAR SINUS CORTICAL SINUSES MEDULLARY SINUSES LYMPH NODES LYMPHOID FOLLICLES GERMINAL CENTER (LYMPHOBLSTS) MANTLE ZONES MEDULLARY ZONES LYMPH NODES FUNCTIONS LYMPH FILTERS EXPOSURE OF FOREIGEN MATERIAL TO MACROPHAGES TRAPPING OF ANTIGENS PRODUCTION OF LYMPHOCYTES IMMUNE RESPONSE CIRCULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES TOPOGRAPHICAL NAMING OF LYMPH NODES SUPERFICIAL OR DEEP RELATED VASCULATURE RELATED ORGAN GENERAL TOPOGRAPHICAL POSITION Regional lymph nodes Head Nodi occipitales Nodi mastoidei Nodi parotidei Nodi submandibulares Nodi faciales Nodi submentales Neck Nodi cervicales laterales superficiales Nodi cervicales laterales profundi Nodi cervicales anteriores superficiales Nodi cervicales anteriores profundi Truncus jugularis dexter et sinister The upper limb Nodi cubitales superficiales et profundi Nodi lymphatici axillares Nodi brachiales Nodi interpectorales (Node of Sorgius) Nodi paramammarii Nodi subscapulares Nodi centrales Nodi apicales Plexus lymphoideus axillaris Truncus subclavius LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF MAMMARY GLANDS PECTORAL LYMPH NODES SUBSCAPULAR LYMPH NODES APICAL LYMPH NODES (SUPERIOR REGION) AXILLARY NODES RECEIVE 75% OF LYMPH PARASTERNAL LYMPH NODES Thorax Nodi parasternales Nodi intercostales Nodi prevertebrales Nodi phrenici superiores Thorax Nodi mediastinales anteriores Nodi mediastinales posteriores Nodi pulmonales Nodi bronchopulmonales Nodi tracheobronchiales (superiores et inferiores Nodi paratracheales Truncus bronchomediastinalis Pelvis and abdomen Nodi iliaci externi Nodi iliaci interni Nodi sacrales Nodi iliaci communes Nodi lumbales Nodi epigastrici inferiores Nodi phrenici inferiores Truncus lumbalis Pelvis and abdomen Nodi paravesicales Nodi paravaginales Nodi parauterini Nodi pararectales Nodi coeliaci Nodi gastrici Nodi hepatici Nodi pancreaticoduodenales Nodi lienales Nodi mesenterici Nodi ileocolici Nodi colici Truncus intestinalis The lower limb Nodi poplitei Nodi inguinales superficiales Nodi inguinales profundi Cisterna chyli Ductus thoracicus Ductus lymphaticus dexter LYMPHATIC VESSELS TWO PRINCIPAL LYMPHATIC VESSELS THORACIC DUCT DRAINS LYMPH FROM: LOWER LIMBS, ABDOMEN, LEFT THORACIC REGIN, LEFT UPPER LIMB, LEFT SIDE OF HEAD AN NECK DRAINS INTO THE JUNCTION OF LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN AND LEFT INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN LYMPHATIC VESSELS TWO PRINCIPAL LYMPHATIC VESSELS RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT DRAINS LYMPH FROM: RIGHT THORACIC REGION, RIGHT UPPER LIMB, RIGHT SIDE OF HEAD AN NECK DRAINS INTO THE JUNCTION OF RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN AND RIGHT INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN THORACIC DUCT LEFT JUGULAR TRUNK LEFT SUBCLAVIAN TRUNK LEFT BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNK BILATERAL DESCENDING THORACIC LYMPH TRUNKS BILATERAL ASCENDING LUMBAR TRUNKS LEFT UPPER INTERCOSTAL TRUNKS MEDIASTINAL TRUNKS ABDOMINAL CONFLUENCE OF LYMPH TRUNKS CISTERNA CHYLI LUMBAR TRUNKS INTESTINAL LYMPH TRUNKS RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT RIGHT JUGULAR TRUNK RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN TRUNK RIGHT BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNK Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue Lymphoid follicles (nodules) Urinary tract Digestive tract (Peyer’s patches) Upper respiratory tract Tonsils Palatine Pharyngeal Lingual Pharyngeal circle of Waldeyer Tonsilla tubaria .
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