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Were Adam and Eve Historical? Were Adam and Eve historical? Yes, Maybe, No A Survey of Views Writer View Discussion Reference Reason for View Alexander, Denis Yes, but “I am happy to use it (Model C) as a working model” (p. 243). Denis Alexander, Creation or Evolution with a Molecular not the “According to model C, God in his grace chose a couple of Neolithic farmers in the Evolution: Do We Have to historical Adam Biologist first Near East, or maybe a community of farmers, to whom he chose to reveal himself in a Choose (Oxford & Grand Born 1945 human special way, calling them into fellowship with himself—so that they might know him Rapids: Monarch Books, as a personal God” (pp. 236). 2008) Allison, Gregg Yes This vision of the origin and development of species in general, and human beings in Gregg Allison, “Can Literal or literary Theologian particular, conflicts with the biblical account, even when infused with an appeal to Christians Believe in Genesis Born c. 1948 divine direction and purpose. Evolutionary creationists deny the Genesis 1 account of Evolution?” God’s specific and immediate (not mediated by natural processes) creation of fish, https://www.desiringgod.org/a birds, land animals, and finally human beings, choosing instead to say that God created rticles/can-christians-believe- each of these living beings through natural mechanisms over long periods of time. in-evolution, Implicit in their position is also a denial of the biblical account of the fall, since such February 9, 2019 an evolutionary process has no room for a historical Adam and Eve. Anderson, James Yes “Taken together, these twelve points add up to a strong prima facie case for the “Was Adam a Real NT references N. traditional Christian view that Adam was a real historical individual. Any scholar who Historical Individual?” Theologian & holds to the authority and inerrancy of Scripture, but denies this point, surely has a lot Analogical Thoughts blog Philosopher of explaining to do. If all we had to deal with were the first few chapters of Genesis, http://www.proginosko.com/2 Born c. 1970 appeals to genre and other literary considerations might provide sufficient wiggle 009/09/was-adam-a-real- room. But the twelve observations above indicate that the historicity of Adam is a historical-individual/, 21 thread woven all the way through the Bible’s history, theology, and ethics. Pull out September 2009 that thread and sooner or later the whole garment will unravel.” Anderson, Joel No “My view is simply that Genesis 3 isn’t about two literal people in history. It is a Joel Edmund Anderson, The Evolution without Edmund mythological story that explains the nature of human beings. In a sense, we are Adam Heresy of Ham: What Every historical Adam OT Scholar and Eve, God created us, we sin, and we suffer consequences. Now to be clear, I’m not Evangelical Needs to Know Born c. 1970 saying that there couldn’t have been a historical Adam and Eve, or Cain and Abel, or About the Creation-Evolution Noah. I just don’t believe the purpose of those stories was to convey straightforward Controversy (Birmingham- history. Therefore, we must remember that the truth that is being conveyed in Hoover, Alabama: Genesis 1-11 is not dependent on whether or not the stories refer to historical events. Archdeacon Books, 2016), pp. We have no way of knowing if they do. That is why I see arguing over whether or not 111-112 there was a historical Adam and Eve is ultimately pointless” Andrews, Edgar Yes “Taken together, these considerations mean that it is perfectly rational and Edgar Andrews, What is Man? Literal or literary Materials Scientist scientifically justified to believe that all humanity did indeed stem from one original Adam, Alien or Ape? Genesis Born 1932 created pair, as the Bible asserts (Nashville: Elm Hill, 2018) p. 232 March 23, 2020 Paul Bruggink Rev. 1.5 1 Were Adam and Eve historical? Yes, Maybe, No A Survey of Views Writer View Discussion Reference Reason for View Applegate, Yes, but “In the fullness of time, God called two people, Adam and Eve, into a special Kathryn Applegate, “Why I Evolution with a Kathryn not the covenantal relationship with himself, and into a one-flesh unity with each other. They Think Adam was a Real historical Adam Biologist first were chosen for a purpose: to begin a family that would include others who were Person in History,” Born c. 1982 human specially chosen—among them Abraham, Moses, David, and many other men and https://biologos.org/blogs/kath women whose deeds are recorded in Scripture. Ultimately this family, which became ryn-applegate-endless-forms- the Israelite people, would give rise to Jesus Christ, the ultimate source of blessing to most-beautiful/why-i-think- all the nations.” adam-was-a-real-person-in- history, June 11, 2018 Archer, Gleason Yes, but “No decisive objections, however, have ever been raised against the historicity of Gleason Archer, A Survey of NT References OT Scholar not the Adam and Eve either on historical, scientific, or philosophical grounds. The protest has Old Testament: Introduction 1916-2004 first been based essentially upon subjective concepts of improbability. From the standpoint (Chicago: Moody Press, human of logic, it is virtually impossible to accept the authority of Romans 5 (“By one man 1964), 200-201. sin entered into the world….By one man’s offense death reigned by one…By one man’s disobedience many were made sinners”) without inferring that the entire human race has descended from a single father.” Arnold, Thomas Yes “The creation narrative is an eyewitness account by the Spirit given directly by God to Thomas Patrick Arnold, Two Literal or literary Patrick Adam. The narrative was recorded in permanent tablet form, which was highly valued Stage Biblical Creation: Genesis Pastor and passed down to Moses. Finally, Moses transcribed the narrative into the book of Uniting Biblical Insights Born 1946 Genesis precisely as originally written.” Uncoveed by Ten Notable Creation Theories (Thomas Arnold Publishing, 2008), p. 405 Averbeck, Richard Yes “Yes, there was an original Adam and Eve, who were the progenitors of the human Richard E. Averbeck, ‘A Literal or literary E. race. I am not sure what else is true about who Adam and Eve were, but at least we Literary, Inter-Textual, and Genesis OT Scholar should maintain this belief that they were real historical individuals. There is good Contextual Reading of Born c. 1955 reason for this belief in the natural reading of the text.” Genesis 1-2’ in J. Daryl Charles (Ed.), Reading Genesis 1-2: An Evangelical Conversation (Hendrickson Publishers, 2013), p. 30 Ayala, Francisco No The doctrine of Adam and Eve, I think, in terms of what we know nowadays, cannot PBS Roundtable: Science and Evolution without Evolutionary be taken literally in the sense of implying two particular human individuals from Faith, historical Adam Biologist and which we are all descended. We know that our ancestors were never at any time just http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evol Philosopher two individuals. Modern genetic analysis allows us to conclude that through millions ution/religion/faith/discuss_03 Born 1934 of years of our history, there have been always at any time at the very least several .html., No Date thousand individuals. So we don't descend from a single pair. March 23, 2020 Paul Bruggink Rev. 1.5 2 Were Adam and Eve historical? Yes, Maybe, No A Survey of Views Writer View Discussion Reference Reason for View Barrick, William Yes “The biblical account represents Adam as a single individual rather than an archetype William D. Barrick, “A Doctrinal necessity D. or the product of biological evolution, and a number of New Testament texts rely on Historical Adam: Young-Earth OT Scholar Adam’s historicity. More importantly, without a historical first Adam there is no need Creation View,” in Four Born c. 1945 for Jesus, the second Adam, to undo the first Adam’s sin and its results.” Views on Historical Adam (Zondervan, 2013), p. 197 Barth, Karl No “Karl Barth, the father of Neo-orthodoxy, taught that what we have in Gen. 3 is not Robert B. Strimple, “Was Genesis not literal Theologian history but saga, a term he preferred to the term "myth" because he felt that "myth" Adam Historical?,” history 1886 - 1968 still suggested, perhaps, some connection with history, nebulous though it might be; http://wscal.edu/resource- and he wanted to emphasize that Adam is not at all to be thought of as an historical center/resource/was-adam- person but rather as a symbol which stands for every person who has ever lived. "We historical are all Adam," Barth said, which simply means that we are all sinners. In fact, there was never a time when man was not a sinner and therefore guiltless before God.” Bavinck, Herman Yes “Corresponding to Hodge’s natural headship position, Bavinck affirmed the realist Gregg R. Allison, Historical Doctrinal necessity Theologian view that ‘all of us were germinally present in Adam’s loins, and all proceeded from Theology: An Introduction to 1854-1921 that source. The choice he made and the action he undertook were those of all his Christian Doctrine descendants. Certainly this physical oneness of the whole of humanity in Adam as (Zondervan, 2011), p. 360. such is of great importance for the explanation of original sin.’” [Herman Bavinick, Reformed Dogmatics, ed. John Bolt, vol. 3: Sin and Salvation in Christ (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006), 102] Beall, Todd S. Yes “The evidence throughout the Scripture is that Adam and Eve are historical persons Todd S.
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