Theistic Evolution: a Sinful Compromise

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Theistic Evolution: a Sinful Compromise THEISTIC EVOLUTION: A SINFUL COMPROMISE By John M. Otis Copyright 2013 Triumphant Publications Ministries All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Scripture quotations are from the New American Standard Bible Triumphant Publications Ministries www.triumphantpublications.com ISBN: 978-0-9772800-9-4 Acknowledgements There are three people that were indispensable in the formation of this book. They are Christine Otis, Derrick Otis and Kaity Moore. Christine is my loving wife, who for years has been my skillful typesetter for all my books. My ministry would be greatly hampered without her loving efforts. Derrick did the artistic drawing for the cover. Kaity Moore is my very capable proof reader who had to labor through the manuscript. Many thanks to them for their services. Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - A Faithful and Scriptural View of Creation ....................... 9 The Meaning of the Days of Creation ................................................... 17 Chapter 2 - The Meaning of Creation Days and Biblical Chronology 22 Argument # 1: The Fundamental Use of the Word “ Yom ” (day) ....... 23 Argument # 2: Key Qualifying Statements ........................................ 24 Argument # 3: The Use of Numerical Adjectives ............................. 24 Argument # 4: Divine Example Regarding the Sabbath Day ............ 25 Trusting in the Biblical Chronology ...................................................... 26 James Ussher‘s and Floyd Nolen Jones’ (Jones 1993) Biblical Chronology ........................................................................................ 26 Chapter 3 - A Clash of Worldviews: Creationism and Evolution ....... 34 Arkansas State Law Permitting Equal Time for Creationism Struck Down .................................................................................................. 44 Chapter 4 - Charles Darwin’s Descent into Apostasy .......................... 51 Darwin’s Death and Rumors of his Supposed Conversion .................... 60 Chapter 5 - Philosophies That Paved the Way for Darwinism ............ 63 Erasmus Darwin - Charles Darwin’s Grandfather ................................. 63 Charles Lyell .......................................................................................... 64 Thomas Henry Huxley ........................................................................... 67 Herbert Spencer ..................................................................................... 68 Other Philosophers Impacting the Issue of Creationism and Evolution 71 Darwinism and Eugenics ....................................................................... 73 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Eugenics ................................. 75 Chapter 6 - The Scientific Failure of Evolution .................................... 77 And Darwin’s Great Admissions ............................................................ 77 Great Admissions of Darwin and Huxley .............................................. 79 The Revealing Admissions of Other Evolutionists ............................ 81 The Basic Tenets of Darwinism ............................................................. 84 Sudden Appearances in Evolution ......................................................... 92 Evolution and the Fossil Record ............................................................ 94 Alien Seeding? ....................................................................................... 98 What Is A Biblical Kind?..................................................................... 100 Chapter 7 - The Compromisers: The BioLogos Foundation ............. 103 Old Earth Progressive Creationism and Evolutionary Creationism..... 105 BioLogos.............................................................................................. 110 What is BioLogos’ View on Scientific Evidence of the First Humans? ............................................................................................................. 114 Were Adam and Eve Historical Figures?............................................. 116 Did Evolution Have To Result in Human Beings? .............................. 117 Did Death Occur Before the Fall? BioLogos says: .............................. 118 Isn’t the Origin of Life Highly Improbable?........................................ 119 Chapter 8 - The Compromisers: Dr. Tim Keller ................................ 121 Chapter 9 - The Compromisers: Dr. Ron Choong .............................. 138 Choong’s View of the Relationship of the Bible to Science................ 140 Choong’s View of Man’s Evolution .................................................... 146 Choong’s View of Adam ..................................................................... 147 Chapter 10 - The Compromisers: Dr. Gregg Davidson ..................... 161 Davidson and the PCA 2012 General Assembly Seminar ................... 163 Davidson’s Views in His Book, When Faith and Science Collide ...... 165 Davidson’s View of Science and the Bible’s Authority ...................... 165 Davidson’s Commitment to Macroevolution....................................... 174 Davidson Views Adam as a Hominid Chosen by God ........................ 188 Cain’s Fear of Hominid Creatures ....................................................... 193 Man’s Supposed Missing Links and Notorious Hoaxes ...................... 198 Java Man .......................................................................................... 199 Peking Man ...................................................................................... 199 Nebraska Man .................................................................................. 200 The Scopes Trial .............................................................................. 200 Piltdown Man ................................................................................... 201 The Works of Raymond Dart, Louis, Mary, and Richard Leakey ....... 202 Donald Johanson’s “Lucy” .............................................................. 202 Flipperpithecus ................................................................................ 203 Davidson’s Belief of Death Prior to Man’s Fall into Sin ..................... 203 Davidson’s View of God Creating All Things Good ........................... 208 Davidson’s View of Noah’s Flood ...................................................... 210 Chapter 11 - The Compromisers: Dr. C. John (Jack) Collins ........... 211 Problems with Jack Collins’ Hermeneutic ........................................... 212 The Conferring of God’s Image upon a Hominid ................................ 221 The Relationship of Science to Scripture............................................. 223 Death before the Fall of Man ............................................................... 226 Possible Evolutionary Scenarios for Man’s Formation ....................... 231 Scenario of De Novo Creation ............................................................. 235 Scenario Advanced by Fazale Rana ................................................. 238 Scenario Advanced by Gavin Basil McGrath .................................. 239 Scenario Advanced by John Stott .................................................... 239 Scenario Advanced by Derek Kidner .................................................. 239 Scenario Advanced by Denis Alexander ......................................... 241 Scenario Advanced by C. S. Lewis .................................................. 241 Collins’ Preference in Understanding Man’s Origin ........................... 244 Chapter 12 - Peter Enns: Where Theistic Evolution Can Lead ........ 251 Chapter 13 - PCA Creation Report of 2000 ........................................ 263 Chapter 14 - Why Theistic Evolution Is a Sinful Compromise ......... 281 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 287 The Value and Necessity of a Presuppositional Apologetic ............... 289 How Do I Know the Bible to be the Word of God? ............................ 289 Introduction The visible church of the Lord Jesus is experiencing tremendous challenges from many sectors. The issue of the Federal Vision theology is still a very real menace to the church - a theology that challenges some of the precious doctrines of the Reformation and attacks the very nature of the gospel. Another doctrine under attack is the doctrine of creation that is coming in the form of what is called – theistic evolution. It is a growing threat among those churches and institutions that refer to themselves as Reformed. The notion of theistic evolution is but a manifestation of an increasing worldliness that is infecting the visible church, and it constitutes a sinful compromise as I will seek to prove. One of the largest “evangelical” Presbyterian denominations in the country, the PCA, (Presbyterian Church in America), originally scheduled to allow two men from the Solid Rock Lectures to come to the 2012 General Assembly being held in Louisville, Kentucky and hold a seminar for its delegates. As their website states, Solid Rock Lectures is an organization dedicated to – “Understanding Old Earth Creation and Its Biblical Basis.” Only one of their representatives was able to conduct the seminar. This man has written a book titled
Recommended publications
  • CREATION SCIENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Ray Mondragon (10/17, Rev 4/19)
    CREATION SCIENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Ray Mondragon (10/17, rev 4/19) Note: This bibliography contains mainly the books that refute the evolution worldview and support the creationist young-universe view. There are only a few books from the old-universe view as noted at the end. A few other resources have been added from Robby Dean after a 4/12/19 meeting as noted with an asterisk. CREATION vs. EVOLUTION Scientific Creationism, edited by Henry M. Morris, Institute for Creation Research, Master Books, 1974. Over 22 scientists with PhDs contribute a variety of scientific evidence supporting the creation view. Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth?, Jonathan Wells, Regnery Publishing, 2000. The main evidence supporting the theory of evolution, “icons,” are explained and effectively refuted. The Lie: Evolution, Ken Ham, Master Books, 1987. The theory of evolution is refuted more philosophically than evidentially for a general audience. Biblical Creationism: What Each Book of the Bible Teaches about Creation and the Flood, Henry Morris, Baker Book House, 1993. The entire Bible is surveyed for passages referring to creation or God as Creator. Man’s Origin, Man’s Destiny: A Critical Survey of the Principles of Evolution and Christianity, A. E. Wilder-Smith, Bethany Fellowship, Inc., 1975. A professor with PhDs in organic chemistry and medical science supports the creationist position from both science and Scripture. This is an older but still a useful work. * The Creation of Life: A Cybernetic Approach To Evolution. A. E. Wilder Smith. Older but very valuable work by a British scholar who has a Ph,D in organic chemistry, a Doctor of Science in Pharmaceuticals from the University of Geneva, and a third doctorate from the E.
    [Show full text]
  • Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 1 2005 Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution Matthew J. Brauer Princeton University Barbara Forrest Southeastern Louisiana University Steven G. Gey Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Education Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Religion Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Matthew J. Brauer, Barbara Forrest, and Steven G. Gey, Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 1 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Washington University Law Quarterly VOLUME 83 NUMBER 1 2005 IS IT SCIENCE YET?: INTELLIGENT DESIGN CREATIONISM AND THE CONSTITUTION MATTHEW J. BRAUER BARBARA FORREST STEVEN G. GEY* TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eugenie Scott
    Expert Witness Statement by Eugenie C. Scott Contents: 1. Qualifications as an Expert Witness 2. The Nature of Science 3. The Scientific Meaning of “Theory” and “Fact” 4. History of the Creationism/Evolution Controversy Definitions: evolution, creationism, creation science Fundamentalism; Banning Evolution Creation Science “Evidence Against Evolution” and Creation Science Evolution of Creation Science Into Intelligent Design “Theory Not Fact” Policies Are Promoted By Creationists to Denigrate Evolution and Advance Creationism 5. History of Creationism in Georgia 6. History of Creationism in Cobb County 7. “Theory Not Fact” Policies are Pedagogically Harmful Respectfully submitted: Date: November 17, 2006 _________________________ Eugenie C. Scott, Ph.D., D.Sc. 420 40th St #2 Oakland, CA 94609 1. Qualifications My name is Eugenie C. Scott. My curriculum vitae is attached to this Declaration as Exhibit A. I have a Ph.D. in physical anthropology from the University of Missouri and honorary doctorates (D.Sc.) from McGill University, Ohio State University, and Mt. Holyoke College. In December 2006, I will receive an honorary doctorate from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and in May 2007, from Rutgers University. I am the Executive Director of the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) in Oakland, California. NCSE is a nonprofit membership organization of scientists and others that defends the teaching of evolution in the public schools. NCSE is affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The NCSE monitors the creationism/evolution controversy and maintains an archive of information on the recent history of the controversy, including materials relevant to the history of the creationism/evolution controversy in Cobb County.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creation Study Committee and the PCA's Struggle For
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2016 In Six Days: The rC eation Study Committee and the PCA's Struggle for Consensus on Anti- Darwinism Michael Calhoun Wilkerson University of Mississippi. Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Wilkerson, Michael Calhoun, "In Six Days: The rC eation Study Committee and the PCA's Struggle for Consensus on Anti-Darwinism" (2016). Honors Theses. 709. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/709 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Six Days: The Creation Study Committee and the PCA’s Struggle for Consensus on Anti-Darwinism Michael C. Wilkerson A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillments of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2016 Approved by ___________________________ Advisor: Dr. Theresa Levitt ___________________________ Reader: Dr. Darren Grem ___________________________ Reader: Dr. Douglass Sullivan-Gonzalez ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Like the creation account itself, this thesis began without form, and void. Without the help of several individuals, this thesis would not have been possible, and they deserve recognition for their selfless contributions to this work. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Theresa Levitt for her tireless work of editing countless drafts of the thesis, challenging my assumptions, and encouraging me over the course of three semesters.
    [Show full text]
  • Darline Kantola Royer Ralph V. Reynolds
    Darline Kantola Royer Ralph V. Reynolds An OVERSEAS MINISTRIES TRAINING COURSE Publication in association with Global Association of Theological Studies Genesis | 2 GATS Edition © 2012 United Pentecostal Church International Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Royer, Darline Kantola, 1936- Genesis / Darline Kantola Royer, Ralph V. Reynolds. -- GATS ed. p. cm. "An overseas ministries training course publication in association with Global Association of Theological Studies." ISBN 978-0-7577-4225-5 1. Bible. O.T. Genesis--Commentaries. I. Reynolds, Ralph Vincent, 1913- II. Title. BS1235.53.R69 2012 222'.1107--dc23 2012027154 Genesis | 3 Sponsor’s Page Atlanta West Pentecostal Church Lithia Springs, Georgia Darrell Johns, Pastor Global Missions acknowledges Atlanta West Pentecostal Church Lithia Springs, Georgia Darrell Johns, pastor and its contribution of $5000 to sponsor the production and translation of Genesis by Darline Kantola Royer and Ralph V. Reynolds Genesis | 4 Genesis | 5 CONTENTS Part I INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 7 Part II FROM ADAM TO ABRAHAM 49 Part III THE PATRIARCHS 93 Part IV THE DISPENSATIONAL DIVISIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES 123 Genesis | 6 Genesis | 7 Part I Introduction to Genesis Darline Kantola Royer Genesis | 8 Genesis | 9 OUTLINE I. Genesis: The Book of Beginnings A. Title B. Writer C. Date of Writing D. Importance of Genesis E. A Look at Beginnings F. Purpose of Genesis G. God Revealed H. Important Prophecies in Genesis II. The Design of Genesis A. Principle of Selection B. Outline of Genesis 1. Early History of the Human Race 2. Patriarchal History C. Redemption Traced D. Genesis at a Glance III. Creation Studies A.
    [Show full text]
  • Creation/Evolution
    Creation/Evolution Issue XXIV CONTENTS Fall 1988 ARTICLES 1 Formless and Void: Gap Theory Creationism by Tbm Mclver 25 Scientific Creationism: Adding Imagination to Scripture by Stanley Rice 37 Demographic Change and Antievolution Sentiment: Tennessee as a Case Study, 1925-1975 by George E. Webb FEATURES 43 Book Review 45 Letters to the Editor LICENSED TO UNZ.ORG ELECTRONIC REPRODUCTION PROHIBITED About this issue ... In this issue, Tom Mclver again brings his historical scholarship to bear on an issue relevant to creationism. This time, he explores the history of and the major players in the development and promotion of the "gap theory." Rarely do we treat in detail alternative creationist theories, preferring instead to focus upon the young- Earth special creationists who are so politically militant regarding public educa- tion. However, coverage of different creationist views is necessary from time to time in order to provide perspective and balance for those involved in the controversy. The second article compares scripture to the doctrines of young-Earth special crea- tionists and finds important disparities. Author Stanley Rice convincingly shows that "scientific" creationists add their own imaginative ideas in an effort to pseudoscientifically "flesh out" scripture. But why do so many people accept creationist notions? Some have maintained that the answer may be found through the study of demographics. George E. Webb explores that possibility in "Demographic Change and Antievolution Sentiment" and comes to some interesting conclusions. CREATION/EVOLUTION XXIV (Volume 8, Number 3} ISSN 0738-6001 Creation/Evolution, a publication dedicated to promoting evolutionary science, is published by the American Humanist Association.
    [Show full text]
  • How Scholars' Perceptions of the Semantic
    Answers Research Journal 12 (2019):103–178. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v12/semantic_range_yom_3.pdf Have יֹום How Scholars’ Perceptions of the Semantic Range of Affected Their Discussions of the Age of the Universe: Part 3 John C. P. Smith, Independent Scholar, Grayslake, Illinois. Abstract Before the Enlightenment, most theologians believed the earth was created in the space of a literal week, a notable exception (among others) being Augustine, who interpreted the days of creation figuratively. Most believed that the universe began sometime between approximately 3600 BC and 7000 BC. However, between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries—with the growing acceptance of geological uniformitarianism and, later, Darwinian evolution—an increasing number of eminent scholars advocated a multi-billion-year-old universe and questioned the validity of the biblical account. In order to accommodate billions of years into the Genesis account of origins, theologians proposed a range of new interpretations. Some, such as the Gap Theory, sought to retain a literal understanding of Others, particularly the Day-Age Theory, maintained that the term had a broad semantic range that .יֹום could include a sense of vast periods of time. Over the past two centuries, the issue of the meaning of in relation to the age of the universe has been vigorously debated by many scholars, though ignored יֹום as irrelevant by others. Following an introductory survey of the biblical, historical and theological, and linguistic contexts of in Scripture, and in lexical and other יֹום this issue, the study looks at delineations and definitions of has been discussed in the context יֹום sources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Creationism
    The evolution of creationism David R. Montgomery, Quaternary Research Center and Dept. of (354–413), Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), and John Calvin (1509– Earth and Space Sciences, Box 351310, University of Washington, 1564) all endorsed reason as the way to learn about the world. Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA, [email protected] Augustine was among the first to caution against advocating for biblical interpretations that conflicted with what one could I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed observe for oneself. Centuries later, Aquinas praised the pursuit of us with senses, reason, and intellect has intended us to forego their knowledge and insight gained from experience reading God’s use. —Galileo Galilei other book—nature. Writing at the time of the Reformation, Calvin, too, considered ABSTRACT the revelations of both nature and the Bible as fundamental truths. In his Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559), Calvin For centuries, natural philosophers, their scientific successors, explicitly embraced the idea of respecting natural truths revealed and theologians alike sought to explain the physical and natural through the study of nature: “If we regard the Spirit of God as the world. The now common cultural narrative of perpetual conflict sole fountain of truth, we shall neither reject the truth itself, nor between science and religion simplifies the arguments and despise it wherever it shall appear, unless we wish to dishonor the struggles of the past and overlooks cross-pollination between Spirit of God” (McNeill, ed., 1960, p. 273–274). those who embraced faith and reason as the keys to understanding Calvin believed in keeping an open mind when it came to earth history.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Grace Evolution Final EC
    Fort Bend Christian Academy- Department of Worldviews and Apologetics Chris Henderson The Theology of Origins: An Analysis of the Theological Implications of Popular Christian Beliefs on Creation and a Proposal for a Better Solution. A Thesis Submitted To the Teacher and Students of Advanced Apologetics By Grace Beecroft December 2017 Beecroft !2 Table of Contents Note to the Reader……………………………………….……………………………….….3 Introduction………………………………………….………………………………...……4 Fiat Creationism………………………………………………………………………….….6 Hermeneutics of Genesis 1-2……………………………………………………..…. 6 The Historical Adam ………………………………………………………….…..…13 Theological Survey………………………………………………………………..…15 Progressive Creationism……………………………………………………………..……...22 Hermeneutics of Genesis 1-2…………………………………………………....……22 Human Origins…………………………………………………………………....…..32 Theological Survey…………………………………………………………….…..…33 Intelligent Design………………………………………………………………………….....35 Theistic Evolutionism…………………….……………………………………………….....37 Failures of Popular Origins Theories…………………………………………………….....38 Fiat Creation……………………………………………………………..………..…..38 Progressive Creationism …………………………………………………..……....….30 Intelligent Design…………………………………………………………..…....…....41 Theistic Evolution……………………………………………………………………..42 Evolutionary Creationism1…………………………………………………………..……….43 Hermeneutics of Genesis 1-2……………………………………………..….……….43 The Historical Adam……………………………………………………….….……..50 Sin of Origins………….…………………………………………..………..………..54 Death before the Fall……………………………………………….……….………..56 The Evolving Kingdom of God…………………………………………………..….58
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Creationism and Intelligent Design
    6 Scientifi c creationism and intelligent design Ronald L. Numbers For the past century and a half no issue has dominated discussions of science and religion more than evolution. Indeed, many people see the creation–evolution debates as the central issue in the continuing con- troversy. And for good reason. More than a century after the scientifi c community had embraced organic evolution, many laypersons con- tinued to scorn the notion of common descent. In the United States, where polls since the early 1980s have shown a steady 44–47 per cent of Americans subscribing to the statement that ‘God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years or so’, nearly two-thirds (65.5 per cent), including 63 per cent of college graduates, according to a 2005 Gallup poll, regarded cre- ationism as defi nitely or probably true. 1 As we shall see, such ideas have been spreading around the world. CREATION AND CREATIONISM In 1929 an obscure biology teacher at a small church college in north- ern California self-published a book entitled Back to Creationism . This brief work, appearing just as the American anti-evolution movement of the 1920s was winding down, attracted little attention. And it would deserve scant mention today except for the fact that it was one of the fi rst books to use the term ‘creationism’ in its title. Until well into the twentieth century critics of evolution tended to identify themselves as anti-evolutionists rather than creationists. 2 Three factors help to explain this practice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bible and Creationism
    University of Dayton eCommons English Faculty Publications Department of English 2017 The iB ble and Creationism Susan L. Trollinger University of Dayton, [email protected] William Vance Trollinger University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/eng_fac_pub Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Christianity Commons eCommons Citation Trollinger, Susan L. and Trollinger, William Vance, "The iB ble and Creationism" (2017). English Faculty Publications. 105. http://ecommons.udayton.edu/eng_fac_pub/105 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 The Bible and Creationism Susan Trollinger and William Vance Trollinger, Jr. To understate the case, Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) marked a significant challenge to traditional understandings of the Bible and Christian theology. Darwin’s theory of organic evolution stood in sharp contrast with the Genesis account of creation, with its six days, separate creations of life forms, and special creation of human beings. More than this, Darwin’s ideas raised enormous theological questions about God’s role in creation (e.g., is there a role for God in organic evolution?) and about the nature of human beings (e.g., what does it mean to talk about original sin without a historic Adam and Eve?) Of course, what really made Darwin so challenging was that by the late nineteenth century his theory of organic evolution was the scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of the Modern World: Evolution As Revolution
    Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ • Dickens is the quintessential Victorian author and wrote epic stories with memorable characters and haunting depictions of contemporary life. • A personal rags to riches story. • After father’s economic collapse, young Dickens was sent to work in a blacking family. • Began his literary career as a journalist with The Mirror of Parliament and The True Sun. • By 1858, the most famous author in the world writing in English. Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ • Fiction: • A Christmas Carol • A Message from the Sea • A Tale of Two Cities • All The Year Round • American Notes • Barnaby Rudge • Bleak House • David Copperfield • Dombey and Son • Great Expectations • Hard Times • Holiday Romance • Hunted Down • Little Dorrit • Martin Chuzzlewit Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ Master Humphrey's Clock • Mudfog and Other Sketches • Nicholas Nickleby • Oliver Twist • Our Mutual Friend • Reprinted Pieces • Sketches by Boz • The Battle of Life • The Chimes • The Cricket on the Hearth • The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain • The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices • The Mystery of Edwin Drood • The Old Curiosity Shop • The Pickwick Papers • The Uncommercial Traveller Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ • Social factors that influenced Dickens’ work: – Industrial Revolution – Child labor – Distressed working classes • A writer for "the people;" yet his chief public were the middle and lower-middle classes, rather than the proletarian mass. • “A man of very liberal sentiments — and an assailer of constituted wrongs and authorities — one of the advocates in the plea of Poor versus Rich” Modern Britain: A Tale of Two Charles’ • Long reproached for having written for money.
    [Show full text]