Name______BIOL 120 Animal Systems - Spring 2004, Exam 3

Each multiple choice question is worth 2 points. There are 50 questions. Please choose the answer that you think is most correct. Remember to answer question 51. Please fill in your name on the answer sheet. Make sure to fill in the bubbles for the letters in your name. Return the answer sheet with the question sheet at the end of the exam. As usual the correct answers are printed in red

1. The ______in mammals is specialized for absorption. a. Large intestine b. stomach c. small intestine d. esophagus e. none of the above

2. Animals that eath both plants and animals are called a. Herbivores b. Carnivores c. Omnivores d. Frugivores e. Piscivores

3. The pH of the mammalian stomach is a. 10 b. 8 c. 12 d. 7 e. 2

4. Which of the following enzymes is found in human saliva? a. lipase b. amylase c. peptidase d. trypsin

5. Which of the following animal groups is made up mostly of filter feeders? a. Oligochaetes b. Bivalve molluscs c. Octocorals d. Cone shells e. Insects

6. Which of the following groups has different types of teeth, each of which is adapted to a specific function a. Dinosaurs b. Fish c. Mammals d. Amphibians

+ 1 7. The type of muscular actions of the digestive tract that sweeps the food down the gut with waves of circular muscle contraction is known as a. Ciliary action b. Peristalsis c. Hydrolysis d. Gut segmentation e. Chewing

8. What are villi? a. The small extensions of the wall of the mammalian large small intestine that increase the surface area available for absorption b. Structures on the inside of the mammalian colon that resorb water from the feces c. Structures in the human stomach that produce hydrochloric acid for release into the stomach d. The duct that introduces bile into the mammalian small intestine

All answers were accepted because of the typo in answer “a” . The word “large” should have been “small”. Villi are in the small intestine wall.

9. Which of the following is a function of the liver in mammals? a. A storage site for glycogen b. A location for detoxification of protein wastes c. A site for the destruction of worn out red blood cells d. All of the above

10. Birds and dinosaurs have an organ called the gizzard. What does it do? a. It hydrolyzes proteins b. It absorbs fats c. It is a location for symbiotic bacteria which hydrolyze cellulose d. It is a location for grinding up food because birds and dinosaurs cannot chew their food

11. Which of the following is a bivalve? a. Quahog clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) b. Apple snail (Pomacea) c. Squid (Loligo) d. The monplacophoran (Neopalina)

12. Which of the following is a difference between the cephalopod eye and the vertebrate eye. a. The cephalopod has a retina the vertebrate does not b. The cephalopod can regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The vertebrate cannot. c. The nerves of the cephalopod eye attach to the back of the retinal cells and do not cross the light-gathering surface of the retina

+ 2 d. The cephalopod eye does not have a lens.

13. The color-bearing cells found beneath the epidermis of a squid are called______. a. The trochophore b. The amoebocytes c. The statocysts d. the chromophores e. None of the above I accepted “d” and “c” as correct answers because the correct answer is really “chromatophore”.

14. What is torsion? a. The process by which food is passed down the esophagus b. The developmental process in which the entire body of a gastropod is twisted so that its anus comes to lie just dorsal to its head c. The process of food gathering in scaphopods d. The process of reproduction in mussels

15.What is a glochidium and what does it do? a. It is the larval stage of a freshwater mussel and it attaches to fish gills b. It is the larval stage of a marine clam and it floats in the water column and filter feeds c. It is the small covering that a gastropod uses to close its shell d. It is the structure that cone shells use to catch their prey

16. What are the three big Protostome Phyla? a. Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca b. Annelida, Echinodermata, Chordata c. Chordata, Echinodermata, Vertebrata d. Cnidaria, Nematoda, Plathelminthes

17, You encounter an animal on the beach. The animal can burrow very fast into the sand. It has two shells,a soft body, a hatchet-shaped muscular foot, and two siphons that connect it to the surface when it is buried. What phylum is it? a. A cephalopod b. An annelid c. An arthropod d. A mollusc c. A platyhelminth

18. Molluscs have a coelom. a. True b. False

19. What is the function of the mantle in a mollusc? a. It protects the organism

+ 3 b. It allows the organism to burrow quickly into the substrate c. It secretes the calcium carbonate shell d. It releases ink to allow the organism to escape enemies

20. What is the function of the radula in most gastropods? a. It is used to “lick” algae off of rocks b. It is used to obtain oxygen from the water c. It is used to attach the organism to rocks d. It is used to dig into the substrate to allow the organism to escape enemies

21. What is the function of the nephridia in Oligochaetes and Polychaetes? a. Food grinding b. Digestion c. Circulation d. Nervous control e. Excretion

22. What is the clitellum? a. The excretory organs of an earthworm b. The clitellum secretes the gelatinous cocoon in which an earthworm lays its eggs c. The clitellum is a special sensory organ in an earthworm d. The clitellum is a special segment that is used for pumping blood in the earthworm

23. Which of the following is a unique structure of polychaetes? a. The clitellum b. The seta c. The parapodium d. The nephridium

24. The segmented body plan and coelom specially fit the annelids for what way of life? a. Mid-water predators b. Sessile filter feeders c. Zooplankton in the ocean d. Infaunal burrowers

25. Which of the following is an important characteristic of the annelids? a. Calcareous shell b. Highly organized nervous system c. Metamerism d. Chitinous exoskeleton

+ 4 26. Earthworms have specialized structures that allow them to hold on to the walls of their burrows. Both oligochaetes and polychaetes have these structures. What are the structures? a. Setae b. Parapodia c. Typhlosole d. Clitellum

27. You wade across a stream. You are wearing short pants. After you cross the stream, you find a couple of worm-like invertebrates attached to your legs. They have an anterior and posterior sucker. The invertebrates are segmented. When you pull them off your leg, the location where they were attached bleeds profusely. What group do these invertebrates belong to? a. Oligochaetes b. Polychaetes c. Molluscs d. Hirudinea e. Arthropods

28. Leeches have a fixed number of segments. a. True b. False

29. The nerve cord in annelids is: a. Ventral b. Dorsal

30. What is tagmatization? a. The situation where somites (segments) are combined into functional groups b. The respiratory system in insects c. It is another word for segmentation d. It is the word for “double footed” e. The process of shedding the exoskeleton

31. What is the main distinguishing characteristic of the arthropods? a. A cuticle b. An exoskeleton of chitin c. Locomotion by use of cilia d. Unsegmented body plan

32. Crustacea and insects have a special kind of eye. What is the eye and what is its photoreceptor unit? a. Image-forming eye, retina b. Naupliar eye, ommatidium c. Compound eye, ommatidium d. Lensatic eye, rhabdomere

+ 5 33. After walking in the woods, you find a small invertebrate attached to your skin. It is engorged with blood. It is apparent that this animal jumped on you when you brushed against some leaves. The animal has 4 pairs of legs. The organism has a chitinous exoskeleton, and segments, but the cephalothorax and abdomen are almost completely fused. To which of the following groups does it belong? a. Class Hirudinea b. Phylum Arthropoda- Subphylum Crustacea – Class Malacostraca c. Phylum Arthropoda - Class Chelicerata - Order Acari d. Phylum Arthropoda -Class Chelicerata - Order Araneae e. Phylum Arthropoda – Subphylum Uniramia – Class Insecta

34. What is the distinctive characteristic of spiders? a. Jointed appendages b. Parapodia c. The ability to weave “silk” into a web d. Chelicerae

35. Which organ functions as an excretory organ in insects? a. Spiracle b. Malpighian tubules c. Trachea d. Tympanic membrane

36. Which of the following mouth parts is unique to the Insects and Crustacea? a. Mandibles b. Chelicerae

37. What genus causes trichinosis? a. Enterobius vermicularis b. Trichinella spiralis c. Wuchereria bancrofti d. Necator americanus

38. What muscle layer do the nematodes lack that is present in the annelids? a. Longitudinal muscles b. Circular (radial) muscles

39. Why is the body cavity of a nematode called a Pseudocoel? a. Because the body cavity has been lost through evolution. b. Because the whole body cavity is not lined with mesoderm c.. Because the whole body cavity is lined with mesoderm d. Because the body cavity is lined with endoderm. e. Because the body cavity is lined with ectoderm

+ 6 40. How can you determine conclusively if a person is parasitized by Ascaris? a. Take their temperature b. See if they are debilitated and have generalized anemia c. Check the pupils of their eyes for microworms d. Check their feces for Ascaris eggs

41. In sea urchins eggs and sperm are secreted directly into the ocean. How can the egg increase the chances that it will be fertilized? a. It secretes pheromones b. It secretes chemotactic factors c. It secretes egg recognition proteins

42. What is an example of a telolecithal egg (i.e. an egg with lots of yolk) a. Sea urchin b. Earthworm c. Frog d. Chicken e. Human

43. Which of the following has radial cleavage a. Sea urchin b. Earthworm c. Frog d. Chicken e. Human

44. What is blastulation? (i.e. blastula formation) a. Cells in an embryo arrange themselves around an open space called a blastocoel b. The embryo invaginates to produce the archenteron c. Mesoderm cells pinch off from the archenteron d. The anus is formed and the opposite end of the archenteron from the blastopore

45. In protostomes: a. The blastopore forms the mouth b. The blastopore forms the anus

46. In what of the following environments are nematodes most common? a. Vertebrate digestive tracts b. Open ocean c. Terrestrial soil

47. What word or phrase best describes the life style of millipedes and centipedes? a. Open water planktivores b. Infaunal burrowers c. Cryptozoans on the forest floor d. Herbivores in the forest canopy

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48. What group of arthropods is dominant in the ocean? a. Chelicerata b. Crustacea c. Insecta d. Myriopoda

49. You are walking across a field. You find a segmented invertebrate. The segments are grouped into three body sections (head, thorax, abdomen). The thorax has 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings. The organism has a chitinous exoskeleton. To which of the following groups does it belong? a. Phylum Annelida – Class Oligochaeta b. Phylum Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea c. Phylum Arthropoda – Subphylum Uniramia – Class Insecta d. Phylum Arthropoda – Subphylum Uniramia – Class Chilopoda

50. What are the stages in hemimetabolous development? a. egg, larva, pupa, adult b. egg, nymph, adult c. egg, caterpillar, chrysalis, adult

51. How many pluses (+) are in the lower left hand corner of this page? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

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