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MIXED MIGRATION Member agency data inventory (2-4 pages max) SuggestedIN HORN ‘template’ approach: OF AFRICA AND

Reflection:March Identify 2013 the key areas of expertise that your agency specifically deals with that intersect with mixed migration issues. (if you need to be sure about mixed migration go to www.regionalmms.com to learn more)

Egypt Saudi Arabia Saudi ambivalence: Saudi Arabia appears to have an ambivalent attitude to irregular migrantion. While it claims to be intollerant and strict, Abuse: Most of the arriving in Towards : Eritreans, and officially, in practice many thousands of Ethiopians, Somalis, Kenyans Yemen are enroute to Saudi Arabia. They Ethiopians (and other migrants) use the and others live and work in Saudi Arabia. Yemenis also cross into KSA normally travel along the eastern side with 'northern' route into Egypt where Cairo is a irregularly in large numbers. The Kingdom is in the process of smugglers (benign or violent). destination or a transit point to passing into the contructing a 1,800km (1,100-mile) fence set to run from the Sinai region and into Israel. Refugees in Israel coast in the west to the edge of Oman in the east to curb immigration on face tough immigration policies including both frontiers. Many migrants (economic) are detained and deported sporadic deportations. Eritrean refugees (the back into Yemen. Over 8 million migrant workers fill manual, clerical, and majority) face abusive treatment in Egypt and service jobs, constituting more than half the national workforce. Many . During the month of March, Haradh: Destitute migrants are present in suffer multiple abuses and labor exploitation, sometimes amounting to revolutionaries in Libya were allegedly accused slavery-like conditions. Ethiopian Christians face persecution for openly of using 76 untrained Eritrean refugees to clear large numbers in Haradh area (estimated to be 25,000 by GoY) and been accumulating or privately exercising their faith (Human Rights Watch 2012) land mines. (As of Jan 2013 there were 473 . refugees and 1,253 asylum seekers from there for the last 2-3 years. Many are victims in Libya.) Red Sea migrant-kidnapping, torture, rape and extortion by smugglers/criminals.The Yemeni Oman: A much smaller number of authorities raid compounds near Haradh to migrants go into Oman, but it is also release captive migrants from time to time. a desirable destination for some Trafficking of women: migrants. Reports of migrants being abducted and Eritrea sold into domestic or sexual slavery are not uncommon. Female new arrivals are Snatched in the desert: Eritreans are Shagarab commonly raped. According to the fleeing Eritrea at an estimated rate of Kassala UNHCR in Haradh, migrants are being Sana`a 2000-3000 per month (2012 estimates); held against their will in the town and Some are kidnapped by tribesmen in the sorrounding villages. desert and sold to trafficking / extortion Departing from Bosasso: gangs in Sudan, Libya, Egypt and the Departing from Obock: In March 2013 an Yemen 3,238 migrants crossed the Sinai region. The Shagarab camp estimated 8,568 people, mainly Ethiopians Arabian Sea to Yemen during complex near Kasala hosts almost used (Obock area) as a departure the month of March 2013. 30,000 people. Fear of kiddnapping by point for crossing the Red Sea into Yemen. criminals has recently led to drop in Approximately 276 people per day. They refugee registrations and residents in entered Yemen irregularly and without official Kharaz UNHCR's camps. documentation, facilitated by human Gulf of smugglers. In the first quarter of 2013 a total of 21,568 individuals used Djibouti's Obock port as a departure point to Yemen representing a 16% 0 Obock Refugees: The refugee population in Yemen drop compared to 2012. as of March 2013 was 240,335 with the South majority being Somalis(229,447) followed by Ethiopian exodus: In the first quarter of 2013 a total of Ali Addeh Ethiopians (5,229). 25,076 Ethiopians have made the crossings(both Red Sea Sudan and Arabian Sea) to Yemen majority being from the Oromia Puntland region of . Compared to the first quarter of 2012 the figure represents a 7% decrease. Many journey further north to Hargeysa Haradh (border town) where they cross to Saudi Arabia from Yemen albeit with serious risks. Sudanese refugees: New refugees Addis Irregular immigration is on the rise in Somaliland consisting fleeing tribal conflict in the Blue Nile Ababa mainly of youths searching for economic opportunities and and Jonglie States in are migrants from South Central transiting to Djibouti. A entering Ethiopia to join with older majority of them travel through Ethiopia, Sudan and Libya case-loads of Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia on their way to Europe. refugee camps in western Ethiopia. The total number of refugees and Refugees in Ethiopia: Ethiopia is now host to some 370,000 refugees: the largest groups are Somalis (56 per affected people were 33,000 (in Somali returns: Gaalkacyo Benishangul-Gumuz region of cent), Sudanese and South Sudanese (23 per cent) and The decision the Kenyan Ethiopia) and 16,000 in Gambella. Eritreans (17 per cent).There are currently (end of government to relocate urban March) 238,845 Somali refugees in Ethiopia (mostly in refugees back to Dadaab Dollo Ado camp). During this month, poor rains and an refugee complex has led to ongoing conflict in Somalia led 2,626 Somali refugees voluntary return of almost into Ethiopia. South Sudanese refugee population in 20,000 Somalis back to Ethiopia currently stands at 68,896 individuals. Somalia,- the numbers however does not indicate intentions because refugees Dollo Ado cross back and forth.

Kakuma Moyale Nairobi is a regional hub for migrant smugglers and Refugees in : migrants.Tens of thousands per As of March 2013 there were 507,540 year (mainly Somali and Somali refugees registered in Kenya. Somalia Ethiopian) pass into and through Probably following the ban on refugee (South-Central) Nairobi. Kenyan authorities made registration and the relocatuon order Mogadishu Congolese influx: a sudden announcement Mid- targeting urban refugees, the camp Large numbers of December that 55,000 urban population has decreased by 16,075 in Somali IDPs: Somalia generates the highest number of refugees in Congolese continue to refugees (mainly Somalis) should the first quarter of 2013. the region. According to data collected during the month of March by enter Uganda. The immediately return back to the UNHCR there are 1.355,000 internally displaced persons in Rwamwanja Dadaab refugee complex. The Somalia, majority of them being in South Central. Many live in settlement, spans 41 decision has been temporarily put Dadaab makeshift shelters along the road linking Mogadishu to Afgooye. square km and hosts on hold by the High Court of 68,000 refugees and Kenya pending full determination asylum seekers. The of a court case challenging the Kismaayo camp has surpussed decision. its maximum capacity Kenya of 50,000 residents. Urban refugees: Nairobi Refugees in Nairobi Somali= 33,018; Ethiopian=10,513; Others= 11,603

Tanzania Vigilance over migrants flow Indian Tanzanian authorities have Capital increased vigilance to curb illegal immigration. During the Ocean Main town or village month of March, 42 irregular Mombasa Going South: Ethiopian and Somali migrants move along the eastern migrants from Burundi were corridor of Africa towards led by smugglers. Death and violence Refugee camp arrested. The migrants had are common. Malawi has tightened its border patrols and the police have crossed into Tanzania from the become more vigilant. Refugees and migrants have been forced to use the Movement on land Burundian border town of vast Nyika national Park for safe passage. Mkamba on their way to Movement by sea Malawi

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