Racial and Ethnic Discourses Within Seattle's Habesha Community Azeb
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Ethiopia and India: Fusion and Confusion in British Orientalism
Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review 51 | 2016 Global History, East Africa and The Classical Traditions Ethiopia and India: Fusion and Confusion in British Orientalism Phiroze Vasunia Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/314 Publisher IFRA - Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique Printed version Date of publication: 1 March 2016 Number of pages: 21-43 ISSN: 2071-7245 Electronic reference Phiroze Vasunia, « Ethiopia and India: Fusion and Confusion in British Orientalism », Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review [Online], 51 | 2016, Online since 07 May 2019, connection on 08 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/314 Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review Global History, East Africa and the Classical Traditions. Ethiopia and India: Fusion and Confusion in British Orientalism Phiroze Vasunia Can the Ethiopian change his skinne? or the leopard his spots? Jeremiah 13.23, in the King James Version (1611) May a man of Inde chaunge his skinne, and the cat of the mountayne her spottes? Jeremiah 13.23, in the Bishops’ Bible (1568) I once encountered in Sicily an interesting parallel to the ancient confusion between Indians and Ethiopians, between east and south. A colleague and I had spent some pleasant moments with the local custodian of an archaeological site. Finally the Sicilian’s curiosity prompted him to inquire of me “Are you Chinese?” Frank M. Snowden, Blacks in Antiquity (1970) The ancient confusion between Ethiopia and India persists into the late European Enlightenment. Instances of the confusion can be found in the writings of distinguished Orientalists such as William Jones and also of a number of other Europeans now less well known and less highly regarded. -
The Impacts of GERD on Egypt and Ethiopia: Slides For
Responding to the Crisis of the Filling of the GERD : An International Insurance Approach ? Prof. Kenneth Strzepek Non-Resident Senior Research Fellow, UNU-WIDER Research Scientist MIT Adjunct Professor Kennedy School of Government, Harvard World Institute for Development Economics Research Outline of Presentation • Overview of Nile Hydrology • The Crisis of GERD Filling • A Primer on Hydropower • Uncertain Future of Nile Flows – Natural Variability – Impacts of Filling Policies • Modeling Approach • Engineering Impacts and Risks • Economics Impacts and Risks • Sharing the Risks: A Case for Insurance Nile Hydrology Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam • The GERD (the 8th largest reservoir on Earth) will soon join • Egypt’s High Aswan Dam (3rd largest) in the unprecedented combination of • two major, multipurpose dams operating on the same river system with • no agreement for coordination in place. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam • At 6,000 MW, the dam will be the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa when completed, as well as the 8th largest in the world. • No IRRIGATION JUST HYDROPOWER • The reservoir at 70 billion cubic meters will be one of the continent's largest. Able to hold the 1.4 times he mean annual flow of the Blue Nile with is 75% of Nile flow reaching Egypt and Sudan. • According to the Ethiopian government, as of Summer 2016, the dam is 70% complete. Could start filling in less than a year !!!!!!! Why is it a CRISIS ? The GERD’s Location High Aswan Dam Filling the GERD with IMPACT EGYPT BUT HOW AND BY HOW MUCH? GERD BLUE -
East and Central Africa 19
Most countries have based their long-term planning (‘vision’) documents on harnessing science, technology and innovation to development. Kevin Urama, Mammo Muchie and Remy Twingiyimana A schoolboy studies at home using a book illuminated by a single electric LED lightbulb in July 2015. Customers pay for the solar panel that powers their LED lighting through regular instalments to M-Kopa, a Nairobi-based provider of solar-lighting systems. Payment is made using a mobile-phone money-transfer service. Photo: © Waldo Swiegers/Bloomberg via Getty Images 498 East and Central Africa 19 . East and Central Africa Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Republic of), Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda Kevin Urama, Mammo Muchie and Remy Twiringiyimana Chapter 19 INTRODUCTION which invest in these technologies to take a growing share of the global oil market. This highlights the need for oil-producing Mixed economic fortunes African countries to invest in science and technology (S&T) to Most of the 16 East and Central African countries covered maintain their own competitiveness in the global market. in the present chapter are classified by the World Bank as being low-income economies. The exceptions are Half the region is ‘fragile and conflict-affected’ Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, Djibouti and the newest Other development challenges for the region include civil strife, member, South Sudan, which joined its three neighbours religious militancy and the persistence of killer diseases such in the lower middle-income category after being promoted as malaria and HIV, which sorely tax national health systems from low-income status in 2014. -
Chad1 Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Sudan Uganda
East and Hornof Africa Chad1 Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Sudan Uganda 1As of January 2011, Chad will be included in the East and Horn of Africa subregion. 58 UNHCR Global Appeal 2011 Update Refugees who have been displaced by the recent escalation in conflict in Somalia wait to be registered at Ifo camp in Kenya. Working environment The significant outflow of Eritreans into Ethiopia and Sudan—estimated at some 3,000 a month—continues to present The working environment in the East and Horn of Africa region, challenges. Moreover, Eritreans and Somalis en route to Europe including Chad and Sudan, continues to be influenced by the or the Middle East in growing mixed migration movements ever-deteriorating situation in Somalia, the ongoing population often fall victim to traffickers. movement from Eritrea and the uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the forthcoming referendum scheduled to take place Strategy in 2011 inSudaninJanuary2011. With armed groups in south and central Somalia becoming UNHCR will monitor early warning signs in order to adapt to increasingly radicalized and the Transitional Federal the changing environment, and will regularly update the Government in Mogadishu weakened by internal power contingency plans it has developed in 2010 for Somalia and struggles, no peaceful solution appears to be in sight for Somalia. Sudan. In Somalia, the Office will increase its presence in The bomb attacks in Kampala, Uganda, in July 2010, for which “Puntland” and “Somaliland” as well as the southern and the Al Shabaab militia has claimed responsibility,were intended to central parts of the country. Efforts to strictly monitor the use persuade the Ugandan Government to withdraw its troops from of humanitarian assistance in the Somalia context will Somalia. -
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration Andintegration
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration andIntegration DYLAN RILEY AND REBECCA JEAN EMIGH* ABSTRACT The effect ofItalian colonialismon migration to Italy differedaccording to the pre-colonialsocial structure, afactor previouslyneglected byimmigration theories. In Eritrea,pre- colonialChristianity, sharp class distinctions,and a strong state promotedinteraction between colonizers andcolonized. Eritrean nationalismemerged against Ethiopia; thus, nosharp breakbetween Eritreans andItalians emerged.Two outgrowths ofcolonialism, the Eritrean nationalmovement andreligious ties,facilitate immigration and integration. In contrast, in Somalia,there was nostrong state, few class differences, the dominantreligion was Islam, andnationalists opposed Italian rule.Consequently, Somali developed few institutionalties to colonialauthorities and few institutionsprovided resources to immigrants.Thus, Somaliimmigrants are few andare not well integratedinto Italian society. * Direct allcorrespondence to Rebecca Jean Emigh, Department ofSociology, 264 HainesHall, Box 951551,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551;e-mail: [email protected]. ucla.edu.We would like to thank Caroline Brettell, RogerWaldinger, and Roy Pateman for their helpfulcomments. ChaseLangford made the map.A versionof this paperwas presentedat the Tenth International Conference ofEuropeanists,March 1996.Grants from the Center forGerman andEuropean Studies at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley and the UCLA FacultySenate supported this research. ComparativeSociology, Volume 1,issue 2 -
519 Ethiopia Report With
Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Ethiopia: A New Start? T • ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY KJETIL TRONVOLL ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully © Minority Rights Group 2000 acknowledges the support of Bilance, Community Aid All rights reserved Abroad, Dan Church Aid, Government of Norway, ICCO Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- and all other organizations and individuals who gave commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- financial and other assistance for this Report. mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. For further information please contact MRG. This Report has been commissioned and is published by A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the ISBN 1 897 693 33 8 issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the ISSN 0305 6252 author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in Published April 2000 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. Typset by Texture Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Tadesse Tafesse (Programme Coordinator) and Katrina Payne (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR KJETIL TRONVOLL is a Research Fellow and Horn of Ethiopian elections for the Constituent Assembly in 1994, Africa Programme Director at the Norwegian Institute of and the Federal and Regional Assemblies in 1995. -
Starving Tigray
Starving Tigray How Armed Conflict and Mass Atrocities Have Destroyed an Ethiopian Region’s Economy and Food System and Are Threatening Famine Foreword by Helen Clark April 6, 2021 ABOUT The World Peace Foundation, an operating foundation affiliated solely with the Fletcher School at Tufts University, aims to provide intellectual leadership on issues of peace, justice and security. We believe that innovative research and teaching are critical to the challenges of making peace around the world, and should go hand-in- hand with advocacy and practical engagement with the toughest issues. To respond to organized violence today, we not only need new instruments and tools—we need a new vision of peace. Our challenge is to reinvent peace. This report has benefited from the research, analysis and review of a number of individuals, most of whom preferred to remain anonymous. For that reason, we are attributing authorship solely to the World Peace Foundation. World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School Tufts University 169 Holland Street, Suite 209 Somerville, MA 02144 ph: (617) 627-2255 worldpeacefoundation.org © 2021 by the World Peace Foundation. All rights reserved. Cover photo: A Tigrayan child at the refugee registration center near Kassala, Sudan Starving Tigray | I FOREWORD The calamitous humanitarian dimensions of the conflict in Tigray are becoming painfully clear. The international community must respond quickly and effectively now to save many hundreds of thou- sands of lives. The human tragedy which has unfolded in Tigray is a man-made disaster. Reports of mass atrocities there are heart breaking, as are those of starvation crimes. -
Ethnicity and Nationality Among Ethiopians in Canada's Census Data: a Consideration of Overlapping and Divergent Identities
UC Merced UC Merced Previously Published Works Title Ethnicity and nationality among Ethiopians in Canada's census data: a consideration of overlapping and divergent identities. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pt9v7fp Journal Comparative migration studies, 6(1) ISSN 2214-594X Author Thompson, Daniel K Publication Date 2018 DOI 10.1186/s40878-018-0075-5 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Thompson Comparative Migration Studies (2018) 6:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0075-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Ethnicity and nationality among Ethiopians in Canada’s census data: a consideration of overlapping and divergent identities Daniel K. Thompson1,2 Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1 Department of Anthropology, ‘ ’ Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, This article addresses the intersection of homeland politics and diaspora identities Atlanta, GA 30322, USA by assessing whether geopolitical changes in Ethiopia affect ethno-national identifications 2College of Social Sciences and among Ethiopian-origin populations living abroad. Officials in Ethiopia’slargestethnically- Humanities, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia defined states recently began working to improve diaspora-homeland relations, historically characterised by ethnically-mobilized support for opposition and insurgency. The emergence of an ‘Ethiopian-Somali’ identity indicated in recent research, previously regarded as a contradiction in terms, is the most striking of a series of realignments -
Ethiopians and Somalis Interviewed in Yemen
Greenland Iceland Finland Norway Sweden Estonia Latvia Denmark Lithuania Northern Ireland Canada Ireland United Belarus Kingdom Netherlands Poland Germany Belgium Czechia Ukraine Slovakia Russia Austria Switzerland Hungary Moldova France Slovenia Kazakhstan Croatia Romania Mongolia Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerbia Montenegro Bulgaria MMC East AfricaKosovo and Yemen 4Mi Snapshot - JuneGeorgia 2020 Macedonia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Italy Albania Armenia Azerbaijan United States Ethiopians and Somalis Interviewed in Yemen North Portugal Greece Turkmenistan Tajikistan Korea Spain Turkey South The ‘Eastern Route’ is the mixed migration route from East Africa to the Gulf (through Overall, 60% of the respondents were from Ethiopia’s Oromia Region (n=76, 62 men and Korea Japan Yemen) and is the largest mixed migration route out of East Africa. An estimated 138,213 14Cyprus women). OromiaSyria Region is a highly populated region which hosts Ethiopia’s capital city refugees and migrants arrived in Yemen in 2019, and at least 29,643 reportedly arrived Addis Ababa.Lebanon Oromos face persecution in Ethiopia, and partner reports show that Oromos Iraq Afghanistan China Moroccobetween January and April 2020Tunisia. Ethiopians made up around 92% of the arrivals into typically make up the largest proportion of Ethiopians travelingIran through Yemen, where they Jordan Yemen in 2019 and Somalis around 8%. are particularly subject to abuse. The highest number of Somali respondents come from Israel Banadir Region (n=18), which some of the highest numbers of internally displaced people Every year, tensAlgeria of thousands of Ethiopians and Somalis travel through harsh terrain in in Africa. The capital city of Mogadishu isKuwait located in Banadir Region and areas around it Libya Egypt Nepal Djibouti and Puntland, Somalia to reach departure areas along the coastline where they host many displaced people seeking safety and jobs. -
The Role of the Ethiopian Diaspora in Ethiopia
The Role of the Ethiopian Diaspora in Ethiopia Solomon Getahun Paper presented at Ethiopia Forum: Challenges and Prospects for Constitutional Democracy in Ethiopia International Center, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, March 22-24, 2019 Abstract: The Ethiopian diaspora is a post-1970s phenomenon. Ethiopian government sources has it that there are more than 3 million Ethiopians scattered throughout the world: From America to Australia, from Norway to South Africa. However, the majority of these Ethiopians reside in the US, the Arab Middle East, and Israel in that order. Currently, a little more than a quarter of a million Ethiopians live in the US. The Ethiopian diaspora in the US, like its compatriots in other parts of the world, is one of the most vocal critic of the government in Ethiopia. However, its views are as diverse as the ethnic and regional origins, manners of entry into the US, generation, and levels of education. However, the intent of this paper is not to discuss the migration history of Ethiopians but to explore some of the reasons that caused the political fallout between the various regimes in Ethiopia and the Diaspora- Ethiopians. In the meantime, the paper examines the potential and actual roles that the Ethiopian diaspora can play in Ethiopia. The Making of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the US: A Synopsis One can trace back the roots of the Ethiopian diaspora in the US to the establishment of diplomatic ties between the Government of Ethiopia and the US in 1903. In that year, the US government sent a delegation, the Skinner Mission, to Ethiopia.1 It was during this time that Menelik II, King of Kings of Ethiopia, in addition to signing trade deals with the US, expressed his interest in sending students to the United States. -
Mixed Migration in the Horn of Africa and Yemen
MIXED MIGRATION Member agency data inventory (2-4 pages max) SuggestedIN HORN ‘template’ approach: OF AFRICA AND YEMEN Reflection:October Identify 2012the key areas of expertise that your agency specifically deals with that intersect with mixed migration issues. (if you need to be sure about mixed migration go to www.regionalmms.com to learn more) Egypt 'Secondary movement': Some migrants go through the Gulf into the Middle East and Europe, working along the way. If they can afford it Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia appears to have an Towards Egypt: Eritreans, Somalis and Ethiopians and have sufficient contacts / documentation migrants always prefer to ambivalent attitude to irregular migrants. While it (and other migrants) use the 'northern' route into fly. claims to be intolerant and strict, officially, in practice, Egypt where Cairo is a destination or a transit point many thousands of Ethiopians, Somalis, Kenyans and to pass into the Sinai region and into Israel. During others live and work in Saudi Arabia. Yemenis also the month of October security forces in Egypt Saudia Arabia Abuse: Most of the Ethiopians cross into KSA irregularly in large numbers. Many arrested 10 undocumented African migrants who arriving in Yemen are enroute migrants (economic) are detained and deported back were trying to enter Israel illegally through the Sinai to Saudi Arabia. They normally into Yemen. border. travel along the eastern side with smugglers (benign or violent) up to Haradh area in order to cross into KSA. The Trafficking of women: . incidences of kidnapping, There are reports of torture, rape and extorion of women being separated Red Sea new arrivals is very high.