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(PS 119: 130): the Pedagogy of the Psalms

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(PS 119: 130): the Pedagogy of the Psalms The Unfolding of Your Words (PS 119: 130): The Pedagogy of the Psalms Author: Francis Dizon Alvarez Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107369 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2017 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. THE UNFOLDING OF YOUR WORDS (PS 119:130): THE PEDAGOGY OF THE PSALMS Francis D. Alvarez A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Religious Education and Pastoral Ministry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Boston College Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences Graduate School April 2017 © Copyright 2017 Francis D. Alvarez THE UNFOLDING OF YOUR WORDS (PS 119:130): THE PEDAGOGY OF THE PSALMS Francis D. Alvarez Advisor: Jane E. Regan, Ph.D. ABSTRACT How does one teach Scripture in a way that leads to transformation? To answer that question, this study limits the matter to the Psalter and asks how the Psalms teach and transform in order to capitalize on the dynamics inherent in them. The Psalms here are treated not merely as documents to be studied but as texts to be enfleshed in practice. Utilizing the constructivist framework of transformative learning pioneered by Jack Mezirow, “thickening” that with Robert Kegan’s constructivist-developmentalist subject- object theory, and letting those interface with Walter Brueggemann’s categorization of the Psalter into Psalms of orientation, disorientation, and new orientation, I present the Psalms as holding environments which support and challenge us through transformations throughout our lives. After this, I focus on the extra-rational facets of embodiment, emotions, images, and encounter in the Psalms which enable them to accompany us as we widen our perspectives and paradigms. If we follow the dynamics of the Psalms, what theology, anthropology, and ethics arise? I provide glimpses of answers that can be prophetic in our postmodern culture, and I then suggest ways of practicing the Psalms which take advantage of their transformative elements. To conclude, I return to the broader question with which I began and propose a way of teaching Scripture that is inspired by the importance of the body, emotions, images, and encounter – aspects which are also active in Ignatian contemplation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations Used ........................................................................................................... x Introduction: “Lifting up the Gates” (Ps 24:7) .............................................................. 1 An Earnest Christian’s Dilemma ................................................................................ 1 Distanciation and the Fusion of Horizons ................................................................... 2 Big Questions ................................................................................................................. 6 Focusing on the Psalms ................................................................................................. 8 Structure and Flow of This Study ............................................................................. 12 1.0 “Happy Are Those Who Meditate on the Torah of the Lord Day and Night” (Ps 1:1-2): Foundations, Models, and Questions .......................................................... 16 1.1 Preliminaries ...................................................................................................... 16 1.1.1 To Inform, Form, and Transform .................................................................. 16 1.1.2 Formula Prayers ............................................................................................ 18 1.1.3 Practice .......................................................................................................... 25 1.2 Witnesses ............................................................................................................ 30 1.2.1 Witnesses from the Past ................................................................................ 30 1.2.1.1 Augustine ............................................................................................ 30 1.2.1.2 Martin Luther ...................................................................................... 32 1.2.2 A Witness in the Present ............................................................................... 35 1.2.2.1 Kathleen Norris ................................................................................... 35 1.3 The Power of the Psalms in Postmodernity ..................................................... 37 1.3.1 The Psalms Meet Us Where We Are ............................................................ 38 1.3.1.1 A movement away from meta-narratives ............................................ 38 1.3.1.2 A movement away from comprehensive and foundational knowledge toward an embrace of specificity and limitation in knowing .............. 40 1.3.1.3 Self and social identity are seen not as givens but as projects ............ 45 1.3.2 The Psalms Challenge Us to Go Beyond Where We Are ............................. 46 1.3.2.1 A way out of the “buffered self” ......................................................... 46 1.3.2.2 A way out of the religious dilemma .................................................... 47 1.3.2.3 A way out of “flatness” ....................................................................... 48 1.3.2.4 A way into a “sense” ........................................................................... 49 1.3.3 An Objection ................................................................................................. 51 1.4 Excursus: Inputs from Neuroscience ............................................................... 52 1.5 Looking Back and Looking Forward ............................................................... 61 2.0 “A Lamp to My Feet and a Light to My Path” (Ps 119:105): A Framework for Transformation that the Psalms Can Accompany ............................................. 63 2.1 Transformative Learning .................................................................................. 63 2.1.1 What Is Transformation? ............................................................................... 63 iv 2.1.2 How Does Transformation Happen? ............................................................. 73 2.1.3 Mezirow’s Phases of Transformation ........................................................... 75 2.1.4 Transformative Learning and Growing in Faith............................................ 80 2.2 A Framework for Transformation that the Psalms Can Accompany .......... 85 2.2.1 Orientation—Disorientation—New-orientation ............................................ 85 2.2.2 Brueggemann’s Typology of Function for the Psalms .................................. 92 2.2.3 What Do the Psalms Do? .............................................................................. 99 2.3 Transformation Throughout Life .................................................................. 102 2.3.1 Kegan’s Subject-Object Theory and the Orders of Consciousness ............. 102 2.3.1.1 The second order of consciousness ................................................... 107 2.3.1.2 The third order of consciousness ...................................................... 109 2.3.1.3 The fourth order of consciousness .................................................... 110 2.3.1.4 The fifth order of consciousness ....................................................... 112 2.3.1.5 The curriculum of the world ............................................................. 113 2.3.2 The Psalms and How They Can Accompany the Journey Through the Different Orders .......................................................................................... 114 2.3.2.1 A holding environment for the different orders of consciousness .... 115 2.3.2.2 From the second to the third way of knowing .................................. 116 2.3.2.3 From the third to the fourth way of knowing .................................... 118 2.3.2.4 From the fourth to the fifth way of knowing .................................... 119 2.3.3 Celebrating Through Transitions ................................................................ 120 2.3.4 The Need for Sustained Engagement with the Psalms in Practice .............. 123 2.4 Excursus: More Inputs from Neuroscience ................................................... 124 2.5 Looking Back and Looking Forward ............................................................. 126 3.0 “I Will See You Face to Face” (Ps 17:15): Embodying, Emoting, Envisioning, Encountering........................................................................................................ 128 3.1 Embodying........................................................................................................ 128 3.1.1 Embodiment in the Bible, Especially in the Psalms .................................... 128 3.1.2 The Paradox of Embodiment ....................................................................... 132 3.1.3 What Is the Body? ....................................................................................... 134 3.1.4 Embodied Practices
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