Les Garibaldiens (1861)

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Les Garibaldiens (1861) LES GARIBALDIENS (1861) ALEXANDRE DUMAS Les garibaldiens Révolution de Sicile et de Naples LE JOYEUX ROGER 2011 Cette édition a été établie à partir celle de Michel Lévy Frères, Paris, 1868. Nous en avons modernisé l’orthographe et la ponctua- tion. ISBN : 978-2-923981-07-9 Éditions Le Joyeux Roger Montréal [email protected] I Le Lombardo et le Piemonte Gênes, 23 mai 1860 . Il y a douze jours que je suis arrivé à Gênes, sur ma goélette l’Emma , dont l’entrée dans le port a produit – grâce à la réputa- tion qu’on a bien voulu lui faire – une sensation à rendre jalouse l’escadre du vice-amiral Le Barbier de Tinan, qui croise dans ces parages ! Comme, avant d’y faire cette nouvelle station, j’avais déjà mis pied à Gênes trente ou quarante fois peut-être, ce n’est point la curiosité qui m’y attirait. Non. Je venais y écrire la fin des Mémoires de Garibaldi ; quand je dis la fin, vous comprenez que c’est la fin de la première partie que je veux dire. Au train dont il va, mon héros promet de me fournir une longue suite de volumes ! À peine débarqué, j’appris que Garibaldi était parti pour la Sicile dans la nuit du 5 au 6 mai. Il était parti laissant des notes pour moi entre les mains de notre ami commun l’illustre historien Vecchi et priant Bertani, Sacchi et Medici de compléter verbale- ment les détails qu’il n’avait pas le temps de me donner 1. 1. Certains journaux de France et de l’étranger ont, m’a-t-on dit, non seule- ment nié l’authenticité de ces Mémoires , mais prétendu même qu’ils n’étaient que la traduction pure et simple d’une biographie de Garibaldi publiée, il y a quelques années, en Amérique. Pour toute réponse à ces assertions charitables, je mettrai sous les yeux de mes lecteurs les deux pièces suivantes : « Naples, 29 septembre 1860. » C’est moi qui ai remis à M. Alex. Dumas une grande partie des autogra- phes de Garibaldi, d’après l’autorisation du général lui-même. » Sur ce fait, M. Alex. Dumas n’avait pas besoin de rien emprunter à d’au- tres, certainement moins bien renseignés que lui. » A B ERTANI , » Secrétaire général de la dictature de l’Italie méridionale . » 6 LES GARIBALDIENS Il en résulte que, depuis douze jours, je suis installé à l’ hôtel de France , où je travaille seize heures sur vingt-quatre ; ce qui, du reste, ne change pas grand-chose à mes habitudes. Depuis ces douze jours, les nouvelles les plus contradictoires nous arrivent de Sicile ; on ne sait rien de positif au delà du 9 à six heures de l’après-midi. Voici ce qui s’est passé dans la nuit du 5 au 6 mai et les jours suivants, jusqu’au 9. Le soir du 5, Garibaldi avait adressé au docteur Bertani une lettre que je vais transcrire. Cette lettre, avec deux autres que le général a écrites au colonel Sacchi et au colonel Medici, sont les seules lettres authentiques. La lettre au colonel Sacchi avait pour but de le consoler de ce que Garibaldi n’eût point accepté ses services. Sacchi, pour sui- vre Garibaldi, dont, à Montevideo, il était le porte-étendard, voulait donner sa démission de colonel au service de la Sardai- gne ; mais Garibaldi, comme il l’a dit lui-même, fait la guerre pour son compte, et c’est ainsi que, afin de ne point compromet- tre le roi Victor-Emmanuel dans son expédition, qui peut n’être qu’une échauffourée, il a refusé de prendre avec lui aucun officier ni aucun soldat de l’armée sarde. La lettre à Medici avait également pour but de le consoler d’être laissé à Gênes. « Mais à Gênes, lui disait Garibaldi, tu seras plus utile à l’entreprise que tu ne le serais peut-être en Sicile. » Et en effet, à Gênes, c’est Medici qui prépare deux nouvelles « Je certifie que non seulement M. Alex. Dumas n’a pas emprunté les Mémoires de Garibaldi à un éditeur américain ou anglais, mais que c’est M. Bertani qui, de la part du général Garibaldi, les lui a remis, écrits de la propre main du général. » Quant à moi, j’ai remis à M. Dumas les biographies d’Anita, de Daverio, d’Ugo Bassi et de la plupart des amis du général qui sont morts autour de lui. » C.-A. V ECCHI , » Major, aide de camp du général Garibaldi . » Naples, ce 16 octobre 1860. » LE LOMBARDO ET LE PIEMONTE 7 expéditions : celle d’un premier bateau à vapeur qui est parti hier et qui porte cent cinquante hommes et mille fusils ; celle de deux autres bateaux à vapeur qui doivent porter deux mille cinq cents volontaires, des munitions et des armes, et qui partiront dans quelques jours. Les deux bâtiments sont achetés et ont coûté sept cent mille francs ; les volontaires se rassemblent ; Medici, qui commandera les deux vapeurs, fait les enrôlements. Les fonds sont fournis par des souscriptions ouvertes dans les principales villes d’Italie ; en ce moment, ils dépassent un mil- lion. Quant à la lettre écrite par Garibaldi à Bertani, qui, avec La Farina, a le maniement de ces fonds, la voici : « Gênes, 5 mai. » Cher Bertani, » Appelé de nouveau sur la scène des événements de la patrie, je vous laisse la mission suivante : réunir tous les moyens qu’il vous sera possible pour nous aider dans notre entreprise ; faire comprendre aux Italiens que, s’ils s’entraident avec dévouement, l’Italie sera faite en peu de temps et avec peu de dépenses, mais qu’ils n’auront point accompli leur devoir lorsqu’ils se seront bornés à prendre part à quelque stérile souscription ; que l’Italie libre doit en armer cinq cent mille, nombre qui, certainement, n’est point en disproportion avec la population et qui est celui des troupes des États voisins qui n’ont point d’indépendance à conquérir ; qu’avec une telle armée, l’Italie n’aura pas besoin de patrons étrangers qui la dévorent peu à peu sous prétexte de la délivrer ; que partout où les Italiens combattent les oppresseurs, il faut encourager les braves et les pourvoir de ce qui est néces- saire pour leur route ; que l’insurrection sicilienne doit être aidée non seulement en Sicile, mais partout où il y a des ennemis à combattre. Je n’ai point conseillé l’insurrection en Sicile ; mais j’ai cru qu’il était de mon devoir d’aider nos frères dès l’instant 8 LES GARIBALDIENS où ils en sont venus aux mains. Notre cri de guerre sera : Italie et Victor-Emmanuel ! et j’espère que, cette fois encore, la bannière italienne ne recevra pas d’affront. » Votre affectionné, » G. GARIBALDI . » Le départ était fixé pour dix heures du soir ; à dix heures donc, Garibaldi s’embarquait à la villa Spinola ; c’est là qu’il avait passé, chez Vecchi, le dernier mois de son séjour à Gênes, mois pendant lequel il avait fait tous les préparatifs de son expé- dition. Qu’on nous permette d’entrer dans les moindres détails. Si cette expédition réussit, si elle a les immenses résultats qu’en réussissant elle doit avoir, elle sera, avec le retour de Napoléon de l’île d’Elbe, un des grands événements de notre dix-neuvième siècle, si fécond en événements. Alors, quand l’historien prendra la plume pour écrire cette merveilleuse épopée – du dénouement de laquelle je ne doute pas en songeant à l’homme prédestiné qui en est le héros –, il sera heureux de trouver, chez un témoin à peu près oculaire, des faits pittoresques malgré leur réalité. À dix heures et quelques minutes, Garibaldi sortait de la villa Spinola et descendait vers la mer, accompagné d’un grand nom- bre de ses officiers. À ses côtés était l’historien La Farina. Medici était absent. Quand je lui demandai d’où venait cette absence : — Si j’avais été là, me répondit-il, je n’aurais jamais eu le courage de le laisser partir sans moi. Descendu par le petit sentier qui conduit de la villa Spinola au bord de la mer, le général y trouva une trentaine de barques qui attendaient les volontaires. Appel fait, il se trouva qu’ils étaient mille quatre-vingts hommes. Au fur et à mesure que les barques se remplissaient, elles pre- LE LOMBARDO ET LE PIEMONTE 9 naient le large ; le dernier bateau qui quitta le bord portait le général Garibaldi et Turr, son aide de camp. La mer était parfaite- ment calme, la lune, splendide, le ciel, d’azur. On attendit : les bateaux à vapeur devaient paraître vers onze heures ; à onze heures et demie, pas de bateaux à vapeur ! – À propos, disons quels étaient ces bateaux à vapeur et de quelle façon on se les était procurés. À neuf heures, Nino Bixio et une trentaine d’hommes s’étaient embarqués à la Marina à Gênes ; ils avaient ramé dans deux embarcations, quinze hommes vers le Piemonte , quinze hommes vers le Lombardo ; ils avaient grimpé à l’abordage, avaient enfermé dans la chambre de l’avant les matelots, les mari- niers et les officiers qui étaient à bord. Tout avait été à merveille jusque-là. Mais quand il avait fallu chauffer, appareiller, lever l’ancre, les premières difficultés s’étaient fait sentir. Personne n’était mécanicien, personne n’était chauffeur, per- sonne enfin n’était marin à bord de l’un ou de l’autre des deux bâtiments.
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