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Introduction, distribution and habitats of the invasive longinqua (L. Koch, 1867) (Araneae: ) in , with notes on its world dispersion Miguel Simóab; Álvaro Labordaab; Carolina Jorgeab; José Carlos Guerrerocd; Marcelo Alves Diasa; Manuel Castroab a Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, , Uruguay b Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de Mayo 582, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay c Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay d Grupo Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología , Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, CP 29071, Málaga, Spain

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To cite this Article Simó, Miguel , Laborda, Álvaro , Jorge, Carolina , Carlos Guerrero, José , Alves Dias, Marcelo and Castro, Manuel(2011) 'Introduction, distribution and habitats of the invasive spider (L. Koch, 1867) (Araneae: Desidae) in Uruguay, with notes on its world dispersion', Journal of Natural History, 45: 27, 1637 — 1648 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.559599 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.559599

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Introduction, distribution and habitats of the invasive spider Badumna longinqua (L. Koch, 1867) (Araneae: Desidae) in Uruguay, with notes on its world dispersion Miguel Simóa,b∗, Álvaro Labordaa,b, Carolina Jorgea,b, José Carlos Guerreroc,d, Marcelo Alves Diasa and Manuel Castroa,b

aSección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; bMuseo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de Mayo 582, CP 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay; cLaboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; d Grupo Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, CP 29071 Málaga, Spain

(Received 22 September 2010; final version received 29 January 2011; printed 12 May 2011)

In Uruguay, Badumna longinqua is an invasive arising from Australia. Phoresy by human activities and strong adaptation to synantropic sites have been the main factors that have contributed to the dispersal of this species to other countries. In this study, we analysed the dispersion of B. longinqua in Uruguay using voucher specimens deposited in Uruguayan arachnological collections and new field captures. A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relation- ship of this species with the studied habitats. We found individuals of B. longinqua associated with many different synantropic sites, such as the bark of spp. trees situated in parks, avenues and commercial plantations. As this crop is being extensively planted for the production of bleached hardwood pulp for paper production in Uruguay, , and others countries, we postulate the probable expansion of B. longinqua to other parts of South America. Keywords: Badumna longinqua; Uruguay; invasive spider; habitat selection

Introduction Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 Badumna longinqua (L. Koch 1867) is a medium-sized spider (body length: males 8–12 mm, females 10–13 mm) belonging to the family Desidae. This species was orig- inally distributed in Australia (currently throughout the south and east of Australia and Tasmania), but was later introduced to , and the New World (Main 2001; Platnick 2010). It is commonly named the “grey house spider” because of its dark brown carapace and legs, with a brown and grey abdomen that shows a dor- sal pattern of white hairs and spots. It builds cribellate sticky space webs or lace-like sheet webs that extend from a tubular retreat (Whitehouse 1988; Main 2001). It can be found associated with tree trunks, rock walls and is very common in synantropic habi- tats, such as window frames, wall crevices, inside or outside houses, and in urban parks. In USA this species has been reported from rural woodlands to beachfront boulders (Shorthouse 2010) and was recently observed in vineyard plantations (Hogg et al.

*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ISSN 0022-2933 print/ISSN 1464-5262 online © 2011 Taylor & Francis DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.559599 http://www.informaworld.com 1638 M. Simó et al.

2009). Females build white egg sacs and males perform mate guarding to penultimate females (Costa 1993). The venom of this spider can produce necrotic lesions of the skin (Pincus et al. 1999). Other sources consider that species of Badumna are unlikely to cause necrosis and reported as common effects: pain, puncture marks, swelling and erythemas (Isbister and Gray 2004; Vetter and Isbister 2008). Main (2001) indicated that changes in the natural landscapes of Australia after European settlement since the eighteenth century could benefit some Australian spi- der species, such as B. longinqua, which became synantropic and expanded its original distribution ranges. Main (2001) also considered that this species is readily carried around by inert phoresy on vehicles and merchandise, where they build their webs. The first report for New Zealand was during the twentieth century, introduced from Australia (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2002). In the New World, the species was reported in California and Oregon, USA (Shorthouse 2010) and southern locali- ties of Uruguay (Costa 1993; Capocasale and Pereira 2003). No records of this species have been published for other South American countries (Platnick 2010). During the 1960s, the trade and human migration between Australia and Uruguay increased (Petruccelli 1998). The first record of this spider from Montevideo is dated during this period (Capocasale and Pereira 2003). Additional records revealed speci- mens that were collected from urban parks and houses, mainly in Montevideo. More recent records are from Eucalyptus plantations and additional localities in Uruguay. Considering the great development of Eucalyptus forestation during the last three decades in Uruguay and the great ability for habitat invasion of this spider species, the main objectives of this paper were to provide new records of the species and to analyse the habitats occupied by B. longinqua in Uruguay. We also tested its proba- ble mechanisms of dispersion, hypothesizing a linkage with synantropic sites using a logistic regression, and discussed the perspectives of dispersion in Uruguay and other countries.

Materials and methods Material studied The examined specimens were from the arachnological collections in Uruguay Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 including Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (MNHN), Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo (FCE) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó (INIAT). Data in natural environments were obtained from diurnal and nocturnal collecting sur- veys performed from 1988 to 2010 in Uruguayan native forests, wetlands, prairies and coastal sand dunes. In addition, from January 2009 to January 2010, we inten- sively sampled from a variety of urban localities and Eucalyptus plantations of Canelones, , Colonia, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, , Rocha, San José, Soriano, Tacuarembó and Treinta y Tres covering from the south to the north of Uruguay. were captured by hand in diurnal col- lections, preserved in 75% alcohol and deposited in FCE. Collecting sites were georeferenced and a map distribution was elaborated using the free program ON LINE MAP CREATION (OMC) (Weinelt 2006). The OMC provides an interface with the GENERIC MAPPING TOOLS software, which is an open source collection for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets. Journal of Natural History 1639

Table 1. Occurrence of Badumna longinqua in different types of Uruguayan habitats and build- ings with the dates of presence/absence in relation to seven independent variables: synantropic sites (urban habitats, tree plantations and routes) and natural habitats (native forests, wetlands, prairies and sand dunes).

Variables Presence Absence Total (n = 55) (n = 20)

Natural and synantropic 100 95 98.7 Synantropic 83.6 100 88 Natural 100 95 98.7

Statistical analysis To make inductive inference about the distribution of B. longinqua in Uruguay (Real et al. 2006), we used seven independent variables: four related to natural environments (native forests, wetlands, prairies and sand dunes) and three related to synantropic sites (urban habitats, tree plantations and routes) (Table 1). We performed a for- ward stepwise logistic regression (Hosmer and Lemeshow 1989) of the B. longinqua presence/absence data on these independent variables. Classification success using logistic regression is sensitive to the relative proportion of presences and absences in the sample, independent of the fit of the model (Real et al. 2006). In this case the prob- ability values yielded by logistic regression are biased toward the category with the greatest number of cases. Because our numbers of presences and absences are differ- ent we used the corrected 0.733 (55 presences/75 sites) value as a threshold to classify sites as expected presences and absences, and assessed the sensitivity and the specificity of the model (see, for example, Brito et al. 1999). All above statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15 (2006) statistical software.

Results Material examined

Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 New records are indicated with an asterisk. Uruguay. Canelones: Pando: 27 June 1966, 1♀, F. Viera and M. Muniz (MNHN 912). ∗ Km 12: 12 December 2001, 1♀, M. Benamú (FCE 3151); 13 December 2001, 1♀, M. Benamú (FCE 2904). ∗ near Joanicó (34◦2727.19 S, 56◦1610.87 W): 15 May 2009, 3♀, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2849). ∗Route 5 near Mendoza (34◦1251 S, 56◦1216 W): 15 May 2009, 10♀, 14J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2851). ∗Canelones city: 15 May 2009, 1♂,2♀,9J,M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2855). ∗Guazuvirá: 27 January 2010, 2♀, M. Simó, C. Jorge, M. Castro (FCE 2872). ∗INIA Las Brujas, Eucalyptus globulus plantation: 23 October 2004, 1♂,6♀, 5J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 1283): 14 August 2004, 1♂,2♀, 2J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2881); 19 February 2005, 2♂,2♀, 5J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2882); 19 February 2005, 1J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2883): 19 February 2005, 4J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2885); 27 December 2004, 8J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2888). Colonia: Rosario: ∗Parque Municipal, 24 April 2010, 1♂,6♀, 1J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2893). Durazno: ∗Route 5, Km 172 (33◦2446.80 S, 56◦301.80 W): 15 May 2009, 4♀, 11J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2861). ∗Camping “El Sauzal”: 16 May 2009, 1♂,15♀, 12J, M. 1640 M. Simó et al.

Simó and Col. (FCE 2863). ∗. Estancia El Caballero: December 2009, 2♂, 1J, M. Castro (FCE 2873). Flores: ∗, Km 183: 23 April 2010, 1♀,M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2896). Florida: ∗Parque Municipal: 15 May 2009, 4♂,6♀, 17J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2856). ∗La Cruz: 15 May 2009, 5♀, 15J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2857). ∗Curtiembre “El Águila”: 15 May 2009, 3♂,20♀, 40J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2858). Lavalleja: Parque Fabini: 15 February 1991, 1♀, R. M. Capocasale and L. Bruno (MNHN 610). Parque Salus: 26 June 1966, 1♀, F. Achaval (MNHN 927). ∗Camping Laguna de los Cuervos: 15 May 2010, 1♀, M. Simó (FCE 2897). ∗ Km 207, Río Cebollatí: 25 June 2010, 2J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2899). ∗José Pedro Varela, Route 8: 25 June 2010, 6♀, 2J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2901). ∗Route 8 Km 224: 25 June 2010, 2♀, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2902). ∗Route 8 Km 91: 25 June 2010, 3♀,5J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2903). Maldonado: ∗San Carlos Zoo: 04 July 2009, 4♀,2J,L. Miguel, C. Jorge, C. Perdomo and A. Laborda (FCE 2847). Montevideo: Montevideo city. Inside of a house: February, 1969, 1♂, M. Mowszowicz (MNHN 628). Prado: 04 May 1991, 1♂,2♀, F. Costa (MNHN 328); May 1990, 4♂,3♀, R. Maynard (MNHN 608); December 1990, 1♂,2♀, F. Costa (MNHN 591/A); December 1990, 3♂,1♀, F. Costa (MNHN 591/B). Manga: 12 August 1963, 3♀, F. Achaval (MNHN 975). Malvín: 10 March 1967, 1♀, F. Achaval (MNHN 987). ∗Parque Rivera: 09 October 2009, 3♀, 5J, M. Alves (FCE 2845); 17 March 2009, 2♂,14♀, 4J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2850); November 2009, 1♀, V. Penna (FCE 2859). ∗Parque Lecocq: 14 March 2009, 2♂,1♀, A. Laborda (FCE 2848); October 2009, 1♀, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2869). ∗Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas “Clemente Estable”: October 2009, 1♀, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2854); October 2009, 1J, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2866); October 2009, 1J, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2867); October 2009, 1♂,2♀, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2868); 05 October 2009, 1J, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2870). ∗Villa Dolores Zoo: 07 October 2009, 1J, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2864); 14 October 2009, 1♀, V. Penna and C. Viera (FCE 2865). ∗Jardines del Hipódromo: 10 October 2009, 2♀, C. Jorge (FCE 2871). Rivera: ∗Eucalyptus grandis plantation: June 2009, 3♀, 5J, O. Blumeto (FCE 2844). ∗Route 5, Km 476: June 2009, 1J, O. Blumetto (FCE 2846). Rocha: ∗Santa Teresa: 21 November 2009, 1♂,2♀, 1J, A. Laborda (FCE 2860). San José: Playa Pascual: 24 November 1957, 1♀ (MNHN 944). ∗Route 3, Km 113, Arroyo Chamizo: 23 April 2010, 4♀, 3J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2895). Soriano: ∗Mercedes, Plaza Asencio: 24 April 2010, 2♀, 3J, Simó and Col. (FCE 2894). ∗Grito Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 de Asencio (33◦1808.1 S; 58◦0352.7 W): 25 March 2008, 1J, (INIAT). Tacuarembó: ∗La Magnolia, Eucalyptus plantation: 16 May 2009, 6♀, 22J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2862). ∗INIA Tacuarembó, Eucalyptus plantation: 16 May 2009, 3♀, 15J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2852). ∗ camping: 16 May 2009, 3♀, 8J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2853). TreintayTres: ∗Treinta y Tres city, Plaza 19 de abril: 26 June 2010, 7♀, 2J, M. Simó and Col. (FCE 2900).

Habitat Synantropic sites Individuals of B. longinqua were found inside and more frequently outside houses, near windows, in dustbins, under or inside furniture, in wall crevices, and on tree trunks in parks, avenues and roads (Figure 1). We collected voucher specimens and webs at each side of highway roads in inflorescenses of Eryngium sp. (Umbelliferae). In urban parks, Journal of Natural History 1641

Figure 1. Some synantropic sites where Badumna longinqua was found in Uruguay. (A) on a fire escape on the eighth floor of a building; (B) in a household electrical system; (C) in a window frame inside a house; (D) in a wall crevice.

B. longinqua constructs a web with the retreat under the bark of Eucalyptus spp. We observed the highest density of specimens in trees situated near roads were human activity was higher. Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 Plantations This species was frequently found in commercial Eucalyptus spp. plantations. In this kind of habitat, the bark falls in long ribbons from the trunk; this represents the most frequent site to find this spider and its webs (Figure 2). Females were observed more frequently on the periphery of the trees compared with males. Other sites B. longin- qua were reported were on small Eucalyptus plantations constructed as wind barriers around crops or to provide shade for cattle and on fence posts around plantations or cattle farms.

Natural history We observed the coexistence of several individuals of B. longinqua under Eucalyptus bark. They shared the trunks of these trees with other synantropic species, such as: Polybetes pytagoricus (Holmberg, 1875) (Sparassidae), Segestria ruficeps Guérin, 1642 M. Simó et al. Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011

Figure 2. Eucalyptus plantation occupied by Badumna longinqua in Uruguay. (A) General view of the plantation; (B) view of the barks pending from the trunk where the spider frequently built its web; (C) female and web of Badumna longinqua inside an Eucalyptus bark. Journal of Natural History 1643

Table 2. Classification table for presence and absence of Badumna longinqua on the last step of the logistic regression models.

Natural and Synantropic sites Natural sites synantropic sites

A P PC A P PC A P PC

A 19 1 95 20 0 100 19 1 95 P 0 55 100 9 46 83.6 0 55 100 OP 98.7 88 98.7

Notes: A, absences; P, presences; PC, percentage correct; OP, overall percentage.

1832, Ariadna boesenbergi Keyserling, 1877 (Segestriidae), Selenops spixi Perty, 1833 (Selenopidae) and Corinnidae, Salticidae and Gnaphosidae spiders. Inside houses, Badumna was found near webs of iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) (Amphinectidae). A great variety of prey, such as Formicidae, Diptera and Coleoptera (Coccinellidae and Elateridae) were recorded on the webs of this spider species. Badumna longinqua were also found on Eryngium sp., on road signs at the sides of roads and in the tree trunks of urban parks.

Distribution Badumna longinqua occurs from southern to northern Uruguay, probably throughout the entire country, especially in urban habitats and Eucalyptus plantations. Figure 3 compares the collecting sites registered between decades from the 1960s to the 1990s in the past century, with the addition of the new records of the present study. Most reports come from cities and roads where major commercial and human activities occur. Figure 4 shows that all records of B. longinqua in Uruguay are from areas with human influence. Table 2 shows the corrected classification rates for presences and absences (see Hosmer and Lemeshow 1989:146) in the sites in the final model. In natural and synantropic sites the presences were correctly classified. Considering only synantropic sites, all the absences were well classified. When all variables were Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 included in the logistic regression, native forests, wetlands and prairies explain the consistency of the model with the fact that B. longinqua is not found in natural habi- tats from Uruguay. The same result was obtained when only the natural variables were considered. The synantropic variables analysis indicated that urban habitats and tree plantations were the main habitats for the distribution of the species. The variables related to natural environments (native forests, wetlands and prairies) showed better performance in the fitted model where B was not significant (B = 25.210, p = 0.999) because the model is overfitting and values quite different from B can provide a similar solution.

Discussion The present study extends the known distribution of B. longinqua in Uruguay and South America. The first record is contemporaneous with the introduction of other spiders in Uruguay, such as ctenids (Simó and Brescovit 2001) or pholcids (Laborda 1644 M. Simó et al.

Figure 3. Records of Badumna longinqua in Uruguay. Black circles indicate known records until nineteenth decade of the twentieth century. White circles indicate records from 2000 to 2010.

Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 and Simó 2008). These facts could be a consequence of the development of regional and world trade and human migration, similar to what was reported for the USA (Ubick 2005) and New Zealand (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2002). In par- ticular, B. longinqua could have been introduced to Uruguay as a consequence of the increase of the commercial exchange and human migration with Australia since the 1960s (Petruccelli 1998). As was indicated for other countries (Main 1981; Shorthouse 2010) Badumna is generally associated with urban and suburban habitats, confirming its status as a synantropic species. In 2007, 576,000 ha of Eucalyptus plantations were recorded in Uruguay (Dirección General Forestal 2008) representing 16.5% of the projected surface to be forested in the future (Petraglia and Dell’Aqua 2006). This growth is in response to a global interest in producing pulpwood, oil, gum, timber and wood chips for papermaking, home construction, chemical industry and energy production (Batish et al. 2008) with the consequent installation of great forest industry companies. We consider that the increase in Eucalyptus cultivation has had a positive effect on the Journal of Natural History 1645

Figure 4. Frequency of individuals of Badumna longinqua in sites where species occurred.

expansion of the distribution range of this spider species in Uruguay. The statistical analysis in this paper indicates that the species is not present in the three natural envi- ronments studied in the model but is present in synantropic habitats such as urban environments and plantations, which indicates the preference of this spider to live in this kind of habitat. If discrimination is the main goal, one can build the model using the whole dataset to determine a threshold (Barbosa et al. 2003; Real et al. 2006). Our results indicated that the presences and absences of B. longinqua were classified correctly considering 0.733 as the cut-off above which the model predicts the species distribution. Another attribute of B. longinqua as an invasive species is its good ability for dispersion and its adaptation to different habitats. Environmental conditions could limit the success of an invasive species and B. longinqua exhibits a great tolerance for climates, considering the expansion of this species in different parts of the world Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011 (Platnick 2010). Taking into account the climate of the original habitat of this species we consider that temperate zones have more risk of invasion than tropical zones. The presence and abundance of introduced spiders compared with native species in planted forests were reported by Forster (1975). This author considered that spi- ders introduced to New Zealand from Australia were not able to colonize native forests because of their incapacity to adapt to the ecological conditions of these habitats. However, recently Badumna insignis (L. Koch 1872) was reported inside the shelter of tree trunks in natural forest reserves in New Zealand (Hodge et al. 2007). This indicates human phoresis and new adaptations for habitat colonization of this inva- sive spider. Furthermore, considering the negative effects of invasive species on native species, local diversity and human health some biosecurity protocols include Badumna species as a potential pest (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2002). Negative effects upon the Uruguayan local fauna and human health have not been observed yet. However, we have observed competition betweeen B. longinqua and the native (Keyserling, 1878), another cribellate spider, that uses the same 1646 M. Simó et al.

microhabitat. Recently B. longinqua was reported in Hawaii, where it was collected in the “west slope shrubland” of Coprosma montana Hillebr. (Rubiaceae) at Haleakala National Park, Hawaii, USA (Krushelnycky et al. 2007) and Japan (Okumura et al. 2009). As is true for many cases of species introduction, this could be the result of glob- alisation. As indicated for other invasive spider species, the most important means of introduction of B. longinqua could have been air cargo transportation, tourism and trade (Main 1981; Laborda and Simó 2008). This species was not listed in the spi- der inventories carried out in , riparian forests and wetlands throughout the last three decades in this country, indicating that this species has not yet invaded the natural Uruguayan environments (Capocasale and Pereira 2003). A comparative study of the spider community in four neighbouring sites from Uruguay: a Eucalyptus plantation, an artificial prairie of Trifolium praetense and Avena sativa, a riparian for- est and an Acacia caven forest revealed that B. longinqua ocurred only in association with Eucalyptus (Simó et al. 2005). The preference for occupying sites near streets or routes indicates the relationship of dispersal with human transportation. Eucalyptus plantations are increasing around the world because of the movement of people from rural to urban areas (Izquierdo et al. 2008), and for wood and paper production. Attributes such as its ability to be transported by phoresy and biological features that include colonization of habitats and tolerance of living with conspecific individuals or other spider species could promote the invasion of this species to others regions of South America and other parts of the world. While Main (1981) postulated that some Australian spiders such as B. longinqua became synantropic as a consequence of European colonization in the seventeenth century, we consider that we are facing a probable case of a spider becoming cosmopolitan as a result of globalisation processes that began in the twentieth century.

Acknowledgements We are grateful to N. Falero, M.E. Rodríguez, M. Rodríguez, M. Lhano, M. Viglioni, O. Blumetto, L. Giuliani, C. Perdomo, L. Miguel, D. Ortiz-Villatoro, C. Perafán, L.F. García, M. Lacava, C. Viera, V. Penna Gonçalves, F. Días, C. Olivera, H. Bardanca and J. Rodríguez for their help during the field trips; to Raimundo Real for his help with the statistical analysis; to Anita Aisenberg, Victor Townsend, Fernando Pérez-Miles and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the manuscript. Downloaded By: [Guerrero, José Carlos] At: 21:25 8 June 2011

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