DOCSLIB.ORG

Reynoutria Spp.) Across Scales and Its Contribution for Management Improvement François-Marie Martin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reynoutria Spp.) Across Scales and Its Contribution for Management Improvement François-Marie Martin The study of the spatial dynamics of Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) across scales and its contribution for management improvement François-Marie Martin To cite this version: François-Marie Martin. The study of the spatial dynamics of Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) across scales and its contribution for management improvement. Ecology, environment. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2019. English. NNT : 2019GREAS014. tel-02419821 HAL Id: tel-02419821 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02419821 Submitted on 19 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : MBS – Modèles, méthodes et algorithmes en biologie, santé et environnement Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présentée par François-Marie MARTIN Thèse dirigée par André EVETTE, Irstea Grenoble, et codirigée par Fanny DOMMANGET, Irstea Grenoble préparée au sein du Laboratoire IRSTEA – Laboratoire EcoSystèmes et Sociétés En Montagne dans l'École Doctorale Ingénierie pour la santé, la Cognition et l’Environnement Apports de l’étude multiscalaire des dynamiques spatiales des renouées asiatiques (Reynoutria spp.) pour l’amélioration de la gestion The study of the spatial dynamics of Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) across scales and its contribution for management improvement Thèse soutenue publiquement le 11 juin 2019, devant le jury composé de : Madame Cendrine MONY Maître de Conférences, Université de Rennes, Rapporteure Monsieur Jake ALEXANDER Assistant Professor, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zürich - ETHZ, Rapporteur Madame Jana Müllerová Directrice de Recherche, Institut de Botanique de l’Académie des Sciences de République Tchèque, Examinatrice Madame Laure GALLIEN Chargée de Recherche, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Examinatrice Monsieur Claude LAVOIE Professeur, Université Laval – Québec, Examinateur Monsieur André EVETTE ICPEF, Irstea, Directeur de thèse Madame Fanny DOMMANGET IPEF, Irstea, Co-encadrante de thèse “I tell you, we are truly invaded by stuff coming from Asia” – A random guy 3 4 – REMERCIEMENTS (ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS) – Ca y est, je suis docteur ! A moi les voitures de luxe, les pulls autour du cou, les garden-parties, et les filles du Club-House du golf de la Baule. Pourtant, je me retrouve à nouveau à travailler sur mon manuscrit de thèse rédiger la partie qui les remerciements. , c’est fâcheux. C’est qu’il est grand temps de seraEn sans premier doute lieu,la plus je lueremercie et la plus bien critiquée évidemment de ce travail, mes encadrants, j’ai nommé André Evette et Fanny Dommanget, et aidé et pour toutes les discuss pu avoir ces dernièrespour avoir années. cru en Ce moi, fut m’avoirsincèrement soutenu un plaisir et, m’avoirun privilège tant deappris travailler aussi avecbien professionnellement qu’humainement, ions intéressantes queQuand l’on jea serai Président de la République, je ne vous oublierai pas. vous et je suis ravi que l’on puisse continuer à le faire dans les mois qui viennent. J’en profite Jake aussiAlexander, pour remercierCendrine Monytous les et membresLaure Gallien, de mon et unJury merci de thèse particulier pour m’avoir à Claude fait Lavoie l’honneur et Jana d’évaluer Müllerová mon pour travail votre et hospitalitépour m’avoir et votregratifié aide de durant vos remarques ce travail depertinentes. thèse. Merci donc à Je remercie également Irstea ainsi que les partenaires du projet DYNARP et du programme à la fin du mois pour ne pas vivre dans la rue, je vous suis Par extension, les tenanciers de bistros de GrandoleITTECOP. vousJ’adore remercient le fait d’être également payé (cf. la fameuse théorie du ruissellement). Je remercie au passagedonc reconnaissant les autres membres d’avoir dufinancé projet ma DYNARP thèse. dont les travaux ont aidé à bâtir cette thèse : Joris Bionnier et Virginie Lebillon du CEREMA, Marilyse Cottet de l’ENS Lyon, et Mireille Boyer de Naturellement,Concept Cours d’Eau.je remercie chaleureusement mes parents qui faire petit mais la sagesse de me faire raisonnablement intelligent ont eu l’indélicatesse de me aussi pour témoigner ma. Merci gratitude d’avoir et financémon amour mes àétudes mon etfrère d’avoir Pierre, toujours été là pour moi. Au final, un doctorat, c’est pas mal pour quelqu’un soutenuqui ne voulait et supporté pas faire durant d’études. les bonsJ’en profite et les mauvais moments ainsi qu’à ma très chère Emilie Chatonplume Vidal. Merci de m’avoir , j’aurais eu du mal à terminer sansDurant vous… ces presque 4 année immense merci à Renaud Jaunatre, Philippe Janssen et s, j’ai eu la chance de bénéficier de l’aide de beaucoup de collègues d’Irstea ou d’ailleurs. Un 5 Clément Viguier qui, au- scientifiques ou statistiques, sont devenus des amis. Un très grand merci aussi à mes collègues et amis Vincent Breton, Delphinedelà d’avoir Jaymond, répondu Frédéric à des Bray, centaines Paul Cavaillé, de mes Laurent interrogations Borgniet, Damien Buttiglieri, Emilie Gentilini et Solange Leblois pour votre aide inestimable et pour toute e l Je suis également très reconnaissant à Isabelle Boulangeat, Björn Reineking, Arnaud Guyennon, Nathan Daumergue,s les discussions François passionnantesLavallée, Thomas que Spiegelberger,l’on a eu et qu Philippe’on aura Poupart, encore. Olivier Forestier, Soraya Rouifed, Yoan Paillet, Gregory Loucougaray, Thomas Cordonnier, Georges Kunstler, Austin Haffaden, Jean-Jacques Brun, Fred Ousset, Eric Mermin, Amandine Erktan, Joseph Jean-Matthieu Monnet, , Pascal Tardif, Patrick Vallet, Laurent Bergès, Katerina Berchová-Bimová, Franck Bourrier, François Véron et Barbara Lamberti- RaverotBrůna, Jan pour Wild, votre aide à différentes étapesPetr de monPyšek travail. Je voudrais par ailleurs exprimer ma reconnaissance, mon profond respect et mon affection pour certain.e.s collègues sans qui pas grand-chose ne tournerait rond dans ce labo : Catherine, Corinne, Christelle, Nathaly, Jérôme, Anne-Sophie, Thomas, qui m’ont souvent aidés et Rousset, mes deux stagiaires, pour leur aide précieuse. Gwenola, Jimmy et Rachel. J’en profite pour également remercier Manon Racle et Emeline Bien évidemment, je me dois de remercier comme il se doit tous les peut-être pas aidé directement pour mon travail mais qui ont joué un grand rôle dans copains d’Irstea qui ne m’ont ama eu santé des jours mentale où vous pour étiez toutes ma les seule discussions motivation passionnantes à venir travailler, ou les alorsbarres merci de rire à vous que :l’on Dédé a pu et Gilles,avoir autour Jonatremble, d’un café, Coralie, d’une pizza,Mihaï, d’une Jean-Baba, bière, d’unBaptiste, verre Séb,de vin Yves, ou encore Hugues, en montagne.Lucas, Simon, Il y Charles, Laurent, Jeff, Marine, Alice et Claire ! ! Merci aussi aux copains du foot, de l’escalade, et de l’équipe Irstea avec laquelle on a enfin ramené la coupe à la maison sans qui je hui : Sylvain Bigot, Franck Giazzi, Sandra Rome et Elise BeckIl me tient également à cœur de mentionner dans ces remerciements certaines personnes n’en serais pas là aujourd’ du CREA qui qui m’avez transmis votre passion ; au cours des nombreuses années où j’ai poli les bancs de l’IGA ; Anne Delestrade, Christophe Randin, Brad Carlson et toute l’équipe m’avez tant aidé et tant appris mais aussi Etienne d’ASTER, Roland, Gabriel et tous les collègues avec qui j’ai enseigné à l’UFR de Biologie. moments passés ensemble, au boulot, aux apéro-balcons, au SPT, aux 7-Laux ou ailleurs. Merci à Je remercie aussi infiniment tous les amis d’Irstea & Co pour votre aide et tous les bons r à tes côtés cesLulu dernières pour ta années bonne malgré humeur, ta passionta gentillesse irrationnelle un peu pour naïve, les et canassons pour avoir ! Merci subie à non Etienne sans pour t’en tonplaindre humour, un nombre ta classe raisonnablement légendaire, et ton élevé bar, de qui piques, auront ça toujours m’a fait du bien d’évolue , de plaisir et de réconfort. Merci à Anouk pour ton calme, ta fraicheur, ta patience et pour le été une source d’inspiration ! Merci à fait que tu nous laisses toujours ta part de saucisson et de whisky, et ça c’est bieng Gaëlle pour ton engagement, ton peps, et pour les débats captivants que l’on a pu avoir. 6 Clément, je ne peux décemment pas te remercier encore une fois, et pourtant tu le mérites, Grandole est moins sympathique depuis que tu es parti. Naturellement, merci aussi à Thibaud, Céline, Xavier, Rémi et Marie qui avez le courage et surtout la chance de partager vos vies avec cette bande de loustiques et qui êtes si plaisants à apprendre à connaitre. Cette longue liste de personnes à qui je dois tant ne serait bien entendu pas complète si j oubliais l si ça n lorence, Gaugau, Mati le’y costaud, esJérémie amis ,qui au m’ontroi Gu supporté le baron depuis de la tanttrap, d’années à Mathieu, et qui m’ont rendu Tenadoudouuuu, meilleur, même Protinours,’est pasBlatisse, toujours Gigeounette, flagrant. leMerci bon doncBen, Yoà Yoyo, & No, Zoé, Moga, Paula, Rémy, F Berthet dit John-Miguel dit le Taupier, Amé, Hélène la briseuse de rotule et pachon, Vivus,Clem’, Vivien, Simon, Pathilde
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Japanese Knotweed Fallopia Japonica (Houtt.) R. Decr. Or Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb
    Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) R. Decr. or Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) R. Decr. or Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt ex Maxim. Bohemian knotweed Fallopia × bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey or Polygonum ×bohemicum (J. Chrtek & Chrtkovß) Zika & Jacobson [cuspidatum ×sachalinense] Family: Polygonaceae Synonyms for Fallopia japonica: Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Moldenke, P. zuccarinii (Small) Small, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. var. compactum (Hook. f.) Bailey, P. zuccarinii Small, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Other common names: Japanese bamboo, fleeceflower, Mexican bamboo Synonyms for Fallopia sachalinensis: Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai, Tiniaria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Janchen Other common names: none Synonyms for Fallopia x bohemica: none Other common names: none Invasiveness Rank: 87 The invasiveness rank is calculated based on a species’ ecological impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and response to control measures. The ranks are scaled from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a plant that poses no threat to native ecosystems and 100 representing a plant that poses a major threat to native ecosystems. Description Japanese knotweed is a perennial plant that grows from long, creeping rhizomes. Rhizomes are thick, extensive, and 5 to 6 meters long. They store large quantities of carbohydrates. Stems are stout, hollow reddish-brown, swollen at the nodes, and 1 ¼ to 2 ¾ meters tall. Twigs often zigzag slightly from node to node. Leaves are alternate, 5 to 15 cm long, and broadly ovate with more or less truncate bases and acuminate tips. They have short petioles. Plants are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. Inflorescences are many-flowered, branched, open, and lax.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of a Proposed Significant Natural Area at Mt Iron, Wanaka
    EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AREA AT MT IRON, WANAKA R3762 EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED SIGNIFICANT NATURAL AREA AT MT IRON, WANAKA Coprosma shrubland on the southwest faces at the Allenby Farms site, Mt Iron. Contract Report No. 3762 March 2017 (Revised and updated) Project Team: Kelvin Lloyd - Report author: vegetation and flora Mandy Tocher - Report author: herpetofauna Brian Patrick - Report author: invertebrates Prepared for: Allenby Farms Ltd P.O. Box 196 Wanaka 9343 DUNEDIN OFFICE: 764 CUMBERLAND STREET, DUNEDIN 9016 Ph 03-477-2096, 03-477-2095 HEAD OFFICE: 99 SALA STREET, P.O. BOX 7137, TE NGAE, ROTORUA Ph 07-343-9017, 07-343-9018; email [email protected], www.wildlands.co.nz CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. SITE CONTEXT 1 3. METHODS 1 4. ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT 4 5. INDIGENOUS VEGETATION AND HABITATS 5 5.1 Kānuka scrub and shrubland 5 5.2 Coprosma scrub and shrubland 6 5.3 Exotic grassland and herbfield 7 5.4 Swale turf 8 5.5 Cushionfield 8 6. FLORA 8 6.1 Species richness 8 6.2 Threatened and At Risk plant species 12 6.3 Pest plants 12 7. BIRDS 13 8. LIZARDS 14 8.1 Overview 14 8.2 “Remove from SNA” zone 14 8.3 Alternate SNA 18 9. INVERTEBRATES 18 9.1 Overview 18 9.2 Mixed Coprosma-dominant shrubland 18 9.3 Kānuka scrub and shrubland 19 9.4 Rock outcrop habitats 19 9.5 Open grassland and turf 19 10. PEST ANIMALS 20 11. ECOLOGICAL VALUES 20 11.1 District Plan (2009) - Section 6c Significance 20 11.2 Proposed District Plan - Section 6c Significance from Policy 33.2.1.9 22 11.3 Significance summary 23 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Asclepias Syriaca L.) After a Single Herbicide Treatment in Natural Open Sand Grasslands László Bakacsy* & István Bagi
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Survival and regeneration ability of clonal common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) after a single herbicide treatment in natural open sand grasslands László Bakacsy* & István Bagi Invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity, human health, and economies worldwide. Clonal growth is a common ability of most invasive plants. The clonal common milkweed Asclepias syriaca L. is the most widespread invasive species in Pannonic sand grasslands. Despite of being an invader in disturbed semi-natural vegetation, this plant prefers agricultural felds or plantations. Herbicide treatment could be one of the most cost-efective and efcient methods for controlling the extended stands of milkweed in both agricultural and protected areas. The invasion of milkweed stand was monitored from 2011 to 2017 in a strictly protected UNESCO biosphere reserve in Hungary, and a single herbicide treatment was applied in May 2014. This single treatment was successful only in a short-term but not in a long-term period, as the number of milkweed shoots decreased following herbicide treatment. The herbicide translocation by rhizomatic roots induced the damage of dormant bud banks. The surviving buds developing shoots, growth of the milkweed stand showed a slow regeneration for a longer-term period. We concluded that the successful control of milkweed after herbicide treatment depends on repeated management of treated areas to suppress further spreading during subsequent seasons. Currently, invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity, human health, and economies 1–4. It has been esti- mated that the fght against invasive species and the damage caused by them in European Union accounts for a minimum of 9.6–12.7 billion euros annually, and this amount is expected to rise to 20 billion euros annually1,5–7.
    [Show full text]
  • UHPLC Analysis of Reynoutria Japonica Houtt. Rhizome Preparations Regarding Stilbene and Anthranoid Composition and Their Antimycobacterial Activity Evaluation
    plants Article UHPLC Analysis of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Rhizome Preparations Regarding Stilbene and Anthranoid Composition and Their Antimycobacterial Activity Evaluation Fabian Alperth, Lena Melinz, Johannes-Paul Fladerer and Franz Bucar * Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (L.M.); johannes.fl[email protected] (J.-P.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-316-380-5531 Abstract: Reynoutria japonica Houtt. is a critical invasive alien plant in Europe and North America with a drastic impact on native flora. However, R. japonica has medicinal potential, especially as a source of stilbenes. In order to explore the potential of simple extractions of R. japonica, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of fresh R. japonica rhizome infusion, decoction, and macerates with ethanol by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and UHPLC-DAD, with a focus on major constituent groups of stilbenes and anthranoids. Since R. japonica rhizome extracts showed antimicrobial potential in the past, we also evaluated the antimycobacterial effect of raw R. japonica extracts for the first time against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Of thirty-four characterized substances, six were stilbenes and twelve anthranoids. The main constituents, four trans-stilbenes and eight anthranoids, were quantified in a validated UHPLC-DAD method. The 38% ethanol macerate showed high stilbene (155.078 mg/100 g Citation: Alperth, F.; Melinz, L.; fluid extract) and low anthranoid content (5.420 mg/100 g fluid extract), while decoction showed the Fladerer, J.-P.; Bucar, F. UHPLC µ Analysis of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. highest anthranoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Habitats, Rare Plants and Root Traits
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Novel Habitats, Rare Plants and Roots Traits A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University by Paula Ann Greer Lincoln University 2017 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science. Abstract Novel habitats, rare plants and root traits. by Paula Ann Greer The loss of native plant species through habitat loss has been happening in NZ since the arrival of humans. This is especially true in Canterbury where less than 1% of the lowland plains are believed to be covered in remnant native vegetation. Rural land uses are changing and farm intensification is creating novel habitats, including farm irrigation earth dams. Dam engineers prefer not to have plants growing on dams. Earth dams are consented for 100 years, they could be used to support threatened native plants. Within the farm conversion of the present study dams have created an average of 1.7 hectares of ‘new land’ on their outside slope alone, which is the area of my research.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics That Make the Fallopia Genus (Polygonaceae) Highly Invasive
    Ecological Questions 16/2012: 23 – 27 DOI: 10.2478/v10090-012-0002-6 Characteristics that make the Fallopia genus (Polygonaceae) highly invasive Justyna Sołtysiak, Teresa Brej Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50–363 Wrocław, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Representatives of the Fallopia genus: Fallopia japonica, Fallopia sachalinensis and Fallopia × bohemica are known as successful invaders, wide spread throughout Europe and North America. This paper focuses on the invasive Fallopia complex and presents some features (a wide ecological amplitude, high competition abilities, sexual reproduction by hybridization) responsible for the fact that all species of the Fallopia genus are aggressive and noxious invaders. Key words: plant invasion, Fallopia japonica, Fallopia sachalinensis, Fallopia × bohemica. 1. Introduction cies of exotic plants have been introduced as a crop and have escaped to become established in natural ecosystems Biological invasions belong to the main problems of con- (Pimentel et al. 2007). temporary ecology and they are considered as a signifi- Recent research were dedicate to invasive species, de- cant component of global changes, connected with human spite that fact scientist still try to find the answer for the activity (Vitousek et al. 1997; Vilá et al. 2007; McKinney question: what characteristics make them invasive? (Rej- 2006). mánek 1995). The major point of the biological invasions was the The article is dedicated to the Fallopia genus, whose discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, some species are known as successful invaders, wide which has facilitated exchange of goods between new and spread in Europe and North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Fallopia Japonica – Japanese Knotweed
    Fallopia japonica – Japanese knotweed Japanese knotweed, sometimes referred to What is it? as donkey rhubarb for its sour red spring shoots, is a perennial plant in the Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). It has large broad green leaves; tall, thick, sectioned and somewhat reddish zigzagging stems; and racemes of small papery flowers in summer. Photo by Liz West 2007 Other scientific names (synonyms) for Japanese knotweed are Reynoutria japonica and Polygonum cuspidatum. When does it grow? Shoots emerge from rhizomes (modified underground stems) from late March to mid-April. A spring freeze or deep frost can top kill new growth, but new shoots readily crop up from the hardy rootstalks. Growth continues rapidly once the weather begins to warm reaching heights up to 10 feet or greater by summer. R. Buczynski 2020 4.15.2020 Where is it from? Japanese knotweed is native to eastern Asia and was introduced to the United Kingdom in the 1800’s as a vigorous garden ornamental. Before becoming illegal to plant in England it was horticulturally introduced from the UK to the United States. Where is it now? Japanese knotweed has been reported extensively in the Northeastern U. S. and is currently present in all three counties (Hunterdon, Morris, and Somerset) within the upper Raritan watershed where it continues to spread into moist disturbed areas along waterways. Photo by Roger Kidd © Why is it invasive? Although knotweed can spread by seed, it is most effective at spreading underground via rhizomes that extend outward as well as downward, producing new shoots up to 70 feet away. If detached from the plant, small fragments of rhizome can survive and produce new plants wherever they land.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article
    z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 06, pp.4750-4756, June, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.35599.06.2019 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE COURTSHIP AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED DESID SPIDERS, BADUMNA LONGINQUA AND BADUMNA INSIGNIS (ARANEIDAE: DESIDAE) *1Marianne W. Robertson and 2Dr. Peter H. Adler 1Department of Biology, Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522 2Department of Entomology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: We studied the development and reproductive behavior of two sympatric New Zealand spiders, Received 18th March, 2019 Badumna longinqua and Badumna insignis (Araneae: Desidae), in the laboratory. Both species have Received in revised form intersexual size dimorphism and, within each species, males vary up to 35-fold in size. Females of B. 24th April, 2019 longinqua produce up to 12 egg sacs, and those of B. insignis produce up to 18 sacs. Clutch size and Accepted 23rd May, 2019 number of egg sacs is positively correlated with adult female longevity, but not female weight, in both Published online 30th June, 2019 species. Courtship in B. longinqua is longer and entails more acts than in B. insignis. Both species exhibit prolonged copulation. The number of palpal insertions during copulation is not correlated with Key Words: clutch size, length of sperm storage, female longevity, male weight, or female weight in either Development, Courtship, species, but number of insertions is positively correlated with relative male weight in B. longinqua Copulation, Reproductive Isolation, and time until first oviposition in B.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocket Guide for Western North Carolina Partnership (SACWMP), 2011
    DO NOT BUY Invasive Exotic Plant List Produced by the Southern Appalachian Cooperative Weed Management pocket guide for western north carolina Partnership (SACWMP), 2011 Western North Carolina has to offer! offer! to has Carolina North Western ) allegheniensis Rubus do not buy these invasives buy natives or alternatives ( Blackberry Allegheny ) alba Quercus ( Oak White of beautiful native plants that that plants native beautiful of ! Mimosa (Silk Tree) Albizia julibrissin Common Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) ) nigra Juglans ( Walnut Black Eastern Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) multitude the enjoy and environment, To use your pocket guide: ) virginiana Diospyros ( Persimmon Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) whole the of quality the to Add counts. ) pumila Castanea ( Chinquapin the environment a favor on both both on favor a environment the 1 Print on letter-size paper. Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii Mountain Pepperbush (Clethra acuminata) wildlife for great Virginia Sweetspire (Itea virginica) doing are you plants, native planting Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) By habitat. species’ of loss the and 2 Cut along outer black line. are the spread of invasive exotic plants plants exotic invasive of spread the are ) fistulosum Eupatorium Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidii Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) ( Weed Pye Joe ) ) purpurea (Echinacea Coneflower Purple Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) Carolina North Western in problems 3 Fold on dotted blue lines. ) syriaca Asclepias ( Milkweed Common Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium fistulosum)
    [Show full text]
  • Inter Subfamily Comparison of Gut Microbial Diversity in Twelve Wild
    Inter subfamily comparison of gut microbial diversity in twelve wild spider species of family Araneidae Kaomud Tyagi1, Inderjeet Tyagi1, Priya Prasad2, Kailash Chandra1, and Vikas Kumar1 1Zoological Survey of India 2Affiliation not available August 12, 2020 Abstract Spiders are among the most diverse groups of arthropods remarkably known for extra oral digestion. The largest effort based on targeted 16S amplicon next generation sequencing was carried out to decipher the inter subfamily comparison of gut bacterial diversity in spiders and their functional relationship. Twelve spider species belonging to three subfamilies, Araneinae (8), Argiopinae (2) and Gasteracanthinae (2) of family Araneidae have been studied. Analysis revealed the presence of 22 phyla, 145 families, and 364 genera of microbes in the gut microbiome, with Proteobacteria as the highest abundant Phylum. Moreover, the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Deinococcus Thermus were also detected. The bacterial phyla Bacteriodetes and Chlamydiae dominated in Cyclosa mulmeinensis and Neoscona bengalensis respectively. At genera level, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were the most dominant genera in their gut. In addition to this, the genus Prevotella was observed only in one species, Cyclosa mulmeinensis, and endosymbiont genus Wolbachia generally responsible for reproductive alterations was observed in one spider species Eriovixia laglaizei. Our study revealed that the gut bacterial diversity of the spiders collected from wild are quite different from the diet driven spider gut bacterial diversity as published earlier. A functional analysis revealed the involvement of gut microbiota in carbohydrate, lipid, amino acids, fatty acids and energy metabolism. Introduction Spiders (order Araneae) are arthropods that usually act as natural predators on insect pests in agricultural ecosystem (Michalko et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2017) bio-control agent for various diseases (Ndava et al., 2018), and indicator species for environment monitoring (Ossamy et al, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Control of the Invasive Fallopia Taxa
    Preface This thesis was written at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences (IPV). Lab and greenhouse/garden experiments were carried out at Bioforsk Plant Health in Ås. Supervisors of the thesis are Lars Olav Brandsæter (Associate Professor at NMBU and researcher in weed science at Bioforsk Plant Health, Ås) and Helge Sjursen, (researcher in weed science at Bioforsk Plant Health, Ås). Experiment 1 was made possible through generous financial support from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. 1 Acknowledgements My greatest thanks go to my supervisors, Lars Olav Brandsæter and Helge Sjursen, for all help, steady guidance and invaluable encouragement during the work with this thesis. Thank you for an educational and enjoyable time as your student, which has increased my interest in weed biology! A great thank also to May Bente Brurberg and Abdelhameed Elameen for all help and guidance on the genetic part of this study, and for reading through my thesis, providing valuable comments. A great thank to Even Sannes Riiser for all help with the barcoding experiment, and to Grete Lund for good and patient teaching in molecular methods. Thank you all for introducing me to the interesting field of genetics and for sharing your expertise and experience. I am greatly thankful to John P. Bailey at the University of Leicester, UK, for providing the control sample of Fallopia japonica used in the genetic analyses, for kindly taking the time to look at my herbarium specimens, and for helpful and inspiring email communication about Fallopia. I would also like to thank Marit Helgheim and Kjell Wernhus for their contributions on the fieldwork, Inger S.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Native Invasive Plants of the City of Alexandria, Virginia
    March 1, 2019 Non-Native Invasive Plants of the City of Alexandria, Virginia Non-native invasive plants have increasingly become a major threat to natural areas, parks, forests, and wetlands by displacing native species and wildlife and significantly degrading habitats. Today, they are considered the greatest threat to natural areas and global biodiversity, second only to habitat loss resulting from development and urbanization (Vitousek et al. 1996, Pimentel et al. 2005). The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation has identified 90 non-native invasive plants that threaten natural areas and lands in Virginia (Heffernan et al. 2014) and Swearingen et al. (2010) include 80 plants from a list of nearly 280 non-native invasive plant species documented within the mid- Atlantic region. Largely overlapping with these and other regional lists are 116 species that were documented in the City of Alexandria, Virginia during vegetation surveys and natural resource assessments by the City of Alexandria Dept. of Recreation, Parks, and Cultural Activities (RPCA), Natural Lands Management Section. This list is not regulatory but serves as an educational reference informing those with concerns about non-native invasive plants in the City of Alexandria and vicinity, including taking action to prevent the further spread of these species by not planting them. Exotic species are those that are not native to a particular place or habitat as a result of human intervention. A non-native invasive plant is here defined as one that exhibits some degree of invasiveness, whether dominant and widespread in a particular habitat or landscape or much less common but long-lived and extremely persistent in places where it occurs.
    [Show full text]