DOCSLIB.ORG

Determinants of Economic Backwardness of the Tribals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Determinants of Economic Backwardness of the Tribals DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC BACKWARDNESS OF THE TRIBALS (A CASE OF THE HMAR TRIBE OF SOUTH ASSAM) By Dr. Lalzawmlien International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC BACKWARDNESS OF THE TRIBALS (A CASE OF THE HMAR TRIBE OF SOUTH ASSAM) By Dr. Lalzawmlien (This work was submitted by Dr. Lalzawmlien as a Ph.D. Thesis for the partial fulfillment of Ph.D. degree in Department of Economics, M.G. School of Economics and Commerce, Assam University, Silchar. Dist-Cachar, State-Assam, INDIA in the year 2011) 2013 International E - Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in International E - Publication 427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA Phone: +91-731-2616100, Mobile: +91-80570-83382 E-mail: [email protected] , Website: www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in © Copyright Reserved 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-93-83520-22-0 International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in Preface The problem of economic backwardness and poverty among the tribal’s of the country in general and those of backward region like South-Assam in particular is outstanding. The economic development of the region also depends on the development of these people. Hence it was felt necessary to make a concentrated study on the determinants of economic backwardness of the tribal’s with special reference to the Hmar tribe of South-Assam. The study mainly aims at investigating the existing economic conditions of the Hmar Tribe in respect of their economic activities, indebtedness, income and occupational pattern so as to identify the factors behind their economic backwardness and to recommend ways and means of their economic uplift. For that, an attempt has been made to put together as much evidence available including census, Commission Reports, Surveys and several other studies. But unfortunately, the census department did not have any community wise data for the Scheduled Tribe (Hills) including the Hmar in South-Assam. So, the study is based entirely on primary data collected from the cross section of the Hmar tribe. The study is the outcome of PhD research work and a Minor Research Project granted by UGC, NERO. Guwahati, Assam. I express my deep debt of gratitude to the Secretary and other official staff of UGC, NERO, Guwahati, Assam for financing this project. This work has been prepared under the expert guidance of Professor (Dr) Mahmood Alam Ansari, Department of Economic, Assam University, Silchar. My words are inadequate to express my sense of gratitude and indebtedness to him. My sincere thanks are due to the authorities and staff of Assam University Library Silchar, Guwahati University Library, Janata College Kabuganj Library, Omio Kumar Institute Library Guwahati, Library of Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Directorate of Census Opperations, Guwahati, Deputy Directors of Economic and Statistics, Silchar, Government Press, Guwahati, JNU Library, Delhi for granting me facilities for my reference works. International Science Congress Association i International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in I also convey my thanks to all the Headman and villagers of Hmar villages of Cachar district for their kind co-operation during my field work. My special thanks are due to my friend Raltawnluoi Intovate, Junior Engineer PWD, Silchar, S.K. Khobung, Zonal Officer, Assam State Housing Board, Silchar and my wife Dr. Lalpeklawm Hmar and my father Late Rokhum, who left this miserable world on 8 th August 2013 due to cancer for all their help and co-operation to enable me to complete this work. Finally, I place on record my thanks to Dr. Suprabir Dutta Roy Principal, Janata College, Kabuganj who has given me necessary leave of absence and encouragement for undertaking and completion of this work. DR. LALZAWMLIEN International Science Congress Association ii International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in Contents Titles Pages List of contents iv List of Tables vi List of Figures xii List of Maps xiii Chapter-1 Introduction 1 1.1. Hmar- A Neglected Backward Tribe 1.2. Economic Status of Assamese Tribes 1.3. Selection of South Assam and Hmar Tribe 1.4. Objectives and Hypotheses of Study 1.5. Scope, Significance and Limitations 1.6. Chapterization Scheme Chapter-2 Review of Literature on Tribal Economy 24 2.1. Tribe, Indian Constitution and Tribal Study: A Background 2.2. Underdevelopment and Tribal Concept: A Framework 2.3. Resource Backwardness: Land and Forest 2.4. Determinants of Tribal Poverty: Occupation, Low Income and Savings 2.5. Growth and Backwardness: State Intervention under Planning 2.6. Remarks Chapter-3 Concepts, Methodology and Analysis Design 77 3.1. A Framework of Concepts 3.2. Methodology: Data Collection and Sampling Technique 3.3. Analysis Design and Statistical Tools Chapter-4 Backwardness: 102 A Descriptive Profile of Sample Hmar 4.1. Household and Occupations 4.2. Land Resource 4.3. Methods of Production: Jhum and Grazing 4.4. Income and Savings 4.5. Credit and Indebtedness 4.6. Entrepreneurship and Livelihood Chapter-5 Backwardness: Search for Economic Determinants 142 5.1. Backwardness and Determinants 5.2. The Regression Models 5.3. Income Regression Model 5.3.1. Occupation Determining Income International Science Congress Association iii International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in 5.3.2. Land Dependency 5.3.3. Saving Impacting Income 5.4. Saving Regression Model 5.4.1. Occupation and Savings Relations 5.4.2. Role of Land in Savings 5.4.3. Saving from Divergent Occupations Chapter-6 Backwardness: An Exploration of Non-Economic 177 Factors and Constraints 6.1. Non-Economic Dimension: Civil Amenity, Health and Mortality 6.2. Regression Models: Family, Literacy and Health 6.4. Constraints and Problems Conclusion 203 Appendix-1 Hmar- A Social, Cultural and Political Profile 210 Appendix-2 Mode of Production in Tribal Economy 222 Bibliography 228 About the author 243 International Science Congress Association iv International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in List of Tables Table Numbers Title of Tables Page Number 1.1 Population wise distribution of cultivators and 11 Workers in Assam and South Assam: 2001 1.2 Percentage of Land Utilization in Assam and 11 South Assam: 1999-2000 1.3 Gross Cropped Area and its Percentage share 12 of reporting Area in south Assam and Assam: 1981-82, 1997-98, and 1999-2000 1.4 Distribution of Population of Tribes in Assam: 14 1991 and 2001 Census 1.5 Hmar Population of 1991 and 2001 Census: 15 State-Wise 3.1 List of Hmar Sample Villages and Number of Sample 93 Household in south Assam: 2007-08 4.1 Demographic and Household Profile of Sample 105 Hmar: 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.2 Nature and type of Sample Household and Characteristic: 106 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.3 Size of Sample Hmar Household in Cachar, Assam: 108 2007-08 4.4 Type of Housing among Sample Hmar in 109 Cachar (Assam): 2007-08 4.5 Type of Occupation among Sample Hmar Household: 111 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.6 Types of Occupation of Hmar Sample Household: 112 2007-08(Cachar, Assam) 4.7 Cross Tabulation of Household and Occupation wise 113 Distribution of Sample Hmar Household: 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.8 Household and Occupation wise Distribution of Sample 114 Hmar Household: 2007-08, (Cachar, Assam) International Science Congress Association v International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in 4.9 Land Type of the Hmar Sample Household: 117 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.10 Particulars of Land Resource among Sample Hmar: 117 2007-08 Cachar, Assam 4.11 Size of Land Holdings by Individual Sample Hmar 118 Household in Cachar (Assam): 2007-08 4.12. Number of Hmar Sample Household in 119 Cachar (Assam): Size class-of- land-Holdings-wise: 2007-08 4.13 Particulars of Livestock and Cattle of the Hmar Sample 121 Household: 2007-08, (Cachar, Assam) 4.14. Average Annual Expenditure on Hireing Labor by 124 the Sample Hmar Household for Jhum Cultivation: 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.15. Number of Earning Members in the Hmar Sample 126 Household: 2007-08 (Cachar, Assam) 4.16. Average Annual Income of Sample Hmar Household in 128 Cachar, Assam: 2007-08 4.17. Average Annual Savings of the Hmar Sample Household 129 in Cachar, Assam: 2007-08 4.18. Annual Indebtedness among Sample Hmar Household 132 in Cachar, Assam: 2007-08 4.19. Level of Education among the Hmar Sample Household: 137 2007-08(Cachar, Assam) 5.1. Results of Regression Exercises: Income Models 148 5.2. Results of Multiple Regression: Income Models 148 5.3. Results of Regression Exercises: Savings Models 149 5.4. Results of Multiple Regression: Savings Models 151 5.5. Regression Analysis Result: Monthly Average Income 153 as dependent variable and Monthly Average Income from Agriculture occupation as independent variable 5.6. Regression Analysis Result: Monthly Average Income 155 as dependent variable and Monthly Average Income International Science Congress Association vi International E – Publication www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in from Service Occupation as independent variable 5.7. Regression Analysis Result: Monthly Average Income 156 as dependent variable and Monthly Average Income from Business occupation as independent variable 5.8. Regression Analysis Result: Monthly Average Income 157 as dependent variable and Monthly Average Income from Agricultural Occupation, Service Occupation and Business Occupation as independent variable 5.9. Regression Analysis Result: Monthly Average Income 159 as dependent variable and Percentage of Private Land Owned to the total sample Household as independent variable 5.10.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 District Census Handbook-Churachandpur
    DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK-CHURACHANDPUR 1 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK-CHURACHANDPUR 2 DISTRICT CENSUSHANDBOOK-CHURACHANDPUR T A M T E MANIPUR S N A G T E L C CHURACHANDPUR DISTRICT I O L N R G 5 0 5 10 C T SENAPATI A T D I S T R I DISTRICT S H I B P Kilpmetres D To Ningthoukhong M I I From From Jiribam Nungba S M iver H g R n Ira N A r e U iv k R ta P HENGLEP ma Lei S Churachandpur District has 10 C.D./ T.D. Blocks. Tipaimukh R U Sub - Division has 2 T.D. Blocks as Tipaimukh and Vangai Range. Thanlon T.D. Block is co-terminus with the Thanlon r R e Sub-Diovision. Henglep T.D. Block is co-terminus with the v S i r e R v Churachandpur North Sub-Division. Churachandpur Sub- i i R C H U R A C H A N D P U R N O R T H To Imphal u l Division has 5 T.D. Blocks as Lamka,Tuibong, Saikot, L u D L g Sangaikot and Samulamlan. Singngat T.D. Block is co- l S U B - D I V I S I O N I S n p T i A a terminus with the Singngat Sub-Division. j u i R T u INDIAT NH 2 r I e v i SH CHURACHANDPUR C R k TUIBONG ra T a RENGKAI (C T) 6! ! BIJANG ! B G ! P HILL TOWN (C T) ! ZENHANG LAMKA (C T) 6 G! 6 3 M T H A N L O N CCPUR H.Q.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic History and Identity of the Zo Tribes in North East India
    Journal of North East India Studies Vol. 5(1), Jan.-Jun. 2015, pp. 39-50. Ethnic History and Identity of the Zo Tribes in North East India H. Thangtungnung North East India is a hotspot of identity crisis and ethnic divisions. The Chin, Kuki, Zomi and Mizo tribes who are collectively known as Zo people are no exception. They have close cultural, lingual and religious affinities and a com- mon ancestor called Zo. Historically, they have different theories of origin and migration based on their folklores, folktales and songs narrated down from one generation to another. The different origin theories like the Khul/Chhinlung or Cave origin theory, Chin Hills origin theory and Lost tribe (Manmasi) theory are among the most significant theories so far which speak, to some extent, some- thing about their history and origin. Of late, the Lost Tribe theory has gained momentum which claims that the Zo tribes are among the ten lost tribes of Israel, particularly from the tribe of Manasseh. Israeli Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar had recognised them as descendents of Israel in 2005, which was also approved by the Israeli government. Many have consequently immigrated to the ‘Holy Land’. In this backdrop, this paper is attempts to critically analyse and assess the ethnic origin of the Zo people with special reference to the lost tribe theory. Based on cultural and oral traditions, and Biblical sources, it also attempts to support that the Zo people are the ten lost tribe of Israel by substantiating various arguments to validate this origin theory. Keywords: Zo, Khul origin theory, Chin Hills theory, Lost tribe, Manmasi Introduction The Zo people are indigenous tribes of Manipur and Mizoram in Northeast India, Bangladesh and Chin State of Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodo Syllabus CBCS AUS-3
    THREE YEAR DEGREE COURSE (BA General Programme) CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM BODO SYLLABUS ASSAM UNIVERSITY, SILCHAR Approved by the 5 th special meeting of BUGS in Urdu, Persian, Bodo, Nepali, Mizo and Hmar languages held on 14 th August 2018 at 11:30 a.m. at the department of Urdu. 1 TDC (CBCS) COURSE STRUCTURES Approved in the meeting of CBCS Syllabus Preparation Committee held on 14-08-2018 BA pass / BCom Pass / BBA Pass A. PASS SUBJECTS: Credit Marks 8 Core Papers of 2 Pass Subjects as 8x6=48 8x100=800 Discipline Specific Core (DSC) Course (4 Papers each Subject) 4 Elective Papers of 2 Pass Subject as 4x6=24 4x100=400 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course (2 Papers each subject) 4 Skill Based Papers of DSC 1 subjects as Skill 4x4=16 4x50=200 Enhancement Course (SEC) Course B. LANGUAGE SUBJECTS 2 Core papers of English as Language Subject 2x6-12 2x100=200 2 Core Subject of MIL/ALTE as language Subject 2x6=12 2x100=200 C. ELECTIVE SUBJECT 2 Elective papers of a Subject other than Pass Subjects as 2x6=12 2x100=200 Generic Elective (GE) Course D. Compulsory subject as Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC ) 1 Compulsory paper of either English Communication or 1x4=4 1x50=50 MIL Communication as AECC-1 1 Compulsory paper of Environmental Studies as AECC-2 1x4=4 1x50=50 Semester-wise distribution of Papers Pass Subject Languag Elective Compulsory Semester-wise total e Subject Subjects SE s M CORE DSE SEC ENGL& GE AECC1 AECC2 Papers Credits Marks Credits=6 Credits= 4 Credits=4 MIL Credits=6 Credits=4 Credits=4 Marks=100 Marks=100 Marks=50 Credits=6 Marks=100 Marks=50 Marks=50 Marks=100 I DSC1 ENGL -I Eng/MIL 4 22 350 DSC2 Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Asho Daniel Tignor
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2018 A Phonology Of Hill (kone-Tu) Asho Daniel Tignor Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Tignor, Daniel, "A Phonology Of Hill (kone-Tu) Asho" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2364. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2364 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PHONOLOGY OF HILL (KONE-TU) ASHO by Daniel Tignor Bachelor of Science, Harding University, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota August 2018 i PERMISSION Title A Phonology of Hill (Kone-Tu) Asho Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naga Language Groups Within the Tibeto-Burman Language Family
    TheNaga Language Groups within the Tibeto-Burman Language Family George van Driem The Nagas speak languages of the Tibeto-Burman fami­ Ethnically, many Tibeto-Burman tribes of the northeast ly. Yet, according to our present state of knowledge, the have been called Naga in the past or have been labelled as >Naga languages< do not constitute a single genetic sub­ >Naga< in scholarly literature who are no longer usually group within Tibeto-Burman. What defines the Nagas best covered by the modern more restricted sense of the term is perhaps just the label Naga, which was once applied in­ today. Linguistically, even today's >Naga languages< do discriminately by Indo-Aryan colonists to all scantily clad not represent a single coherent branch of the family, but tribes speaking Tibeto-Burman languages in the northeast constitute several distinct branches of Tibeto-Burman. of the Subcontinent. At any rate, the name Naga, ultimately This essay aims (1) to give an idea of the linguistic position derived from Sanskrit nagna >naked<, originated as a titu­ of these languages within the family to which they belong, lar label, because the term denoted a sect of Shaivite sadhus (2) to provide a relatively comprehensive list of names and whose most salient trait to the eyes of the lay observer was localities as a directory for consultation by scholars and in­ that they went through life unclad. The Tibeto-Burman terested laymen who wish to make their way through the tribes labelled N aga in the northeast, though scantily clad, jungle of names and alternative appellations that confront were of course not Hindu at all.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section H
    H (The sound) H.P. 15 (Bomber) Giha (African people) [P235.5] USE Handley Page V/1500 (Bomber) Ikiha (African people) BT Consonants H.P. 42 (Transport plane) Kiha (African people) Phonetics USE Handley Page H.P. 42 (Transport plane) Waha (African people) H-2 locus H.P. 80 (Jet bomber) BT Ethnology—Tanzania UF H-2 system USE Victor (Jet bomber) Hāʾ (The Arabic letter) BT Immunogenetics H.P. 115 (Supersonic plane) BT Arabic alphabet H 2 regions (Astrophysics) USE Handley Page 115 (Supersonic plane) HA 132 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE H II regions (Astrophysics) H.P.11 (Bomber) USE Hambach 132 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-2 system USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) HA 500 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE H-2 locus H.P.12 (Bomber) USE Hambach 500 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-8 (Computer) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) HA 512 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE Heathkit H-8 (Computer) H.P.50 (Bomber) USE Hambach 512 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-19 (Military transport helicopter) USE Handley Page Heyford (Bomber) HA 516 Site (Niederzier, Germany) USE Chickasaw (Military transport helicopter) H.P. Sutton House (McCook, Neb.) USE Hambach 516 Site (Niederzier, Germany) H-34 Choctaw (Military transport helicopter) USE Sutton House (McCook, Neb.) Ha-erh-pin chih Tʻung-chiang kung lu (China) USE Choctaw (Military transport helicopter) H.R. 10 plans USE Ha Tʻung kung lu (China) H-43 (Military transport helicopter) (Not Subd Geog) USE Keogh plans Ha family (Not Subd Geog) UF Huskie (Military transport helicopter) H.R.D. motorcycle Here are entered works on families with the Kaman H-43 Huskie (Military transport USE Vincent H.R.D.
    [Show full text]
  • GOO-80-02119 392P
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 228 863 FL 013 634 AUTHOR Hatfield, Deborah H.; And Others TITLE A Survey of Materials for the Study of theUncommonly Taught Languages: Supplement, 1976-1981. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, D.C.Div. of International Education. PUB DATE Jul 82 CONTRACT GOO-79-03415; GOO-80-02119 NOTE 392p.; For related documents, see ED 130 537-538, ED 132 833-835, ED 132 860, and ED 166 949-950. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Dictionaries; *InStructional Materials; Postsecondary Edtmation; *Second Language Instruction; Textbooks; *Uncommonly Taught Languages ABSTRACT This annotated bibliography is a supplement tothe previous survey published in 1976. It coverslanguages and language groups in the following divisions:(1) Western Europe/Pidgins and Creoles (European-based); (2) Eastern Europeand the Soviet Union; (3) the Middle East and North Africa; (4) SouthAsia;(5) Eastern Asia; (6) Sub-Saharan Africa; (7) SoutheastAsia and the Pacific; and (8) North, Central, and South Anerica. The primaryemphasis of the bibliography is on materials for the use of theadult learner whose native language is English. Under each languageheading, the items are arranged as follows:teaching materials, readers, grammars, and dictionaries. The annotations are descriptive.Whenever possible, each entry contains standardbibliographical information, including notations about reprints and accompanyingtapes/records
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics
    UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title Proto-Kuki-Chin Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5283829m Author VanBik, Kenneth Publication Date 2006 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Proto-Kuki-Chin bY Kenneth VanBik B.S. (University of Yangon, Burma) 1985 M.A. (American Bapt. Sem. of the West, Berkeley) 1993 M.A. (University of California, Berkeley) 2000 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor James A. Matisoff, Chair Professor Gary Holland Professor Ian Maddieson Professor Johanna Nichols Spring 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 Abstract Proto-Kuki-Chin by Kenneth VanBik Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor James A. Matisoff, Chair The Kuki-Chin languages constitute one of the most important subgroups of the great Tibeto-Burman family. This dissertation attempts to reconstruct the sound system of the ancestor language, Proto-Kuki-Chin, by comparing the initial consonants, rhymes, and nominal tones of a large number of KC languages. This study of Proto-Kuki-Chin depends primarily on twelve languages: three from the Central Chin group: Mizo (aka Lushai), Hakha Lai, and Falam Lai; four from the Southem- Plains Chin group: Mindat Cho, Daai, Asho (aka Plains Chin), and Khumi; four from the Northern Chin group: Tedim (aka Tiddim), Paite, Thado-Kuki, and Sizang; and finally one from the Maraic group, namely Mara (aka Lakher). Chapter 1 introduces the Kuki-Chin speakers and their geographical locations, and traces the etymologies of the names Kuki and Chin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Syllable in Kuki-Chin
    JSALL 2020; aop Samson Lotven*, Kelly Berkson, James C. Wamsley, Jillian Danaher, Kenneth Van Bik and Stuart Davis The syllable in Kuki-Chin https://doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2019-2014 Abstract: The Kuki-Chin group of the Tibeto-Burman language family consists of upwards of 50 languages spoken mainly in western Myanmar, predominantly in Chin State and in neighboring areas of India and Bangladesh (Simons & Fennig (eds.). 2019. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 21st edn. Dallas Texas: SIL International. Online version. http://www.ethnologue.com/). In the many daugh- ter languages of Proto–Kuki-Chin, syllable structure simplification has yielded a synchronic situation in which individual languages are spread along a cline ranging from more conservative languages, some with complex onsets and vowel length distinctions, to more innovative languages, some with no coda consonants at all. The distribution and phonetic realization of these features vary across the Kuki-Chin group, raising a number of relevant questions about the underlying phonological representations of the Kuki-Chin syllable. This paper surveys representative structures from a variety of Kuki-Chin languages in order to highlight issues in syllable structure across these little-studied languages. In doing so, we aim to both unify observations on Kuki-Chin phonology related to the syllable, and to propose research that will further elucidate its structures. Keywords: Kuki-Chin, syllable structure, cluster simplification, voiceless sonor- ants, lateral Obstruents 1 Introduction The Kuki-Chin languages (Tibeto-Burman) show diverse syllable structure inven- tories. From the Southern Chin languages, which contain complex onsets and nasal pre-syllables, to the Maraic languages, which lack consonant clusters and *Corresponding author: Samson Lotven, Department of Linguistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Ballantine Hall, 1020 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Word Order in Biate
    ====================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 19:6 June 2019 ===================================================================== Word Order in Biate M Hemminlal Haokip, Ph.D. Scholar Department of Linguistics Assam University, Silchar 788011 [email protected] Phone: 8402023162 ====================================================================== Abstract The paper aims to discuss the word order pattern in Biate (ISO639-3), an endangered and undocumented language spoken in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, Dima Hasao (North Cachar Hills) district of Assam and some parts of Mizoram and Manipur. Biate stands for both the people and the language. It is spoken by 19,000 speakers (Ethnologue 2019). Grierson-Konow (1904) and Graham Thurgood (2003) classified Biate to the Old-Kuki sub-group of Sino-Tibetan language family. The paper will discuss and examine the word order pattern, which is one of the primary ways in which languages differ from one another. Biate is a verb-final language, with SOV as its basic word order. It exhibits a large number of characteristics expected of it as an OV language. Biate employs postpositions (PP), which follow the noun phrase they combine with. Like other Kuki-Chin languages, the genitive is indicated by the possessor which precedes the possessed item. The Adjective follows the noun (NAdj) in Biate. Noun modifiers like numerals and classifiers follow the noun. Relative clause precedes the noun (RelN) in Biate. Keywords: Biate, Kuki-Chin, Word order, Tibeto-Burman Introduction Biate is one of the recognized tribes of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Manipur under ‘Any Kuki Tribes’. The word Biate has varied meanings; the most common meaning that seems everybody accepts is worshippers, referring to a common worship of a particular deity or different worship of various deities by their ancestors from time immemorial, (Remsiama Ngamlai, 20141).
    [Show full text]
  • Volume X – II Winter 2018
    Contemporary Social Scientist Vol :X-II Winter 2018 MZU ISSN No: 2230 - 956X 1 CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENTIST (A National Refereed Journal) Vol :X-II Winter 2018 ISSN No: 2230 - 956X SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, MIZORAM UNIVERSITY (A Central University) TANHRIL, AIZAWL – 796004 MIZORAM, INDIA 1 Contemporary Social Scientist Vol :X-II Winter 2018 MZU ISSN No: 2230 - 956X 2 CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENTIST (A National Refereed Journal) Vol :X-II Winter 2018 ISSN No: 2230 - 956X Prof. Zokaitluangi Editor in Chief Dean, School of Social Sciences, Mizoram University & Professor, Department of Psychology, MZU SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MIZORAM UNIVERSITY (A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY) TANHRIL, AIZAWL – 796004 MIZORAM, INDIA e-mail : [email protected] 2 Contemporary Social Scientist Vol :X-II Winter 2018 MZU ISSN No: 2230 - 956X 3 CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENTIST (A National Refereed Journal) Vol :X-II Winter 2018 ISSN No: 2230 - 956X School of Social Sciences Patron: Vice Chancellor, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India Editor in Chief: Professor Zokaitluangi, Dean , Shool of Social Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India Archives (hard copy) Editorial Board: Prof. J.K. PatnaikDepartment of Political Science, MZU Vol: I - 1 Prof. Srinibas Pathi, Head, Department of Public Administration, MZU Prof. O. Rosanga, Department of History & Ethnography, MZU Vol: I - 2 Prof. Lalrintluanga, Department of Public Administration, MZU Prof. Lalneihzovi, Department of Public Admn, MZU Vol: II - 1 Prof. C. Lalfamkima Varte, Head, Dept. of Psychology, MZU Prof. H.K. Laldinpuii Fente, Department of Psychology, MZU Vol: II - 2 Prof. E. Kanagaraj, Department. of Social Work, MZU Prof. J. Doungel, Department of Political Science, MZU Vol: III - 1 Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14: Tibeto-Bvrman Languages of the Himalayas
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series A-86 PAPERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN LINGUISTICS NO. 14: TIBETO-BVRMAN LANGUAGES OF THE HIMALAYAS edited by David Bradley Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Bradley, D. editor. Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 14:. A-86, vi + 232 (incl. 4 maps) pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-A86.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics specialises in publishing linguistic material relating to languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Linguistic and anthropological manuscripts related to other areas, and to general theoretical issues, are also considered on a case by case basis. Manuscripts are published in one of four series: SERIES A: Occasional Papers SERIES C: Books SERIES B: Monographs SERIES D: Special Publications FOUNDING EDITOR: S.A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: M.D. Ross and D.T. Tryon (Managing Editors), T.E. Dutton, N.P. Himmelmann, A.K. Pawley EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender KA. McElhanon University of Hawaii Summer Institute of Linguistics David Bradley H.P. McKaughan La Trobe University University of Hawaii Michael G. Clyne P. Miihlhausler Monash University Universityof Adelaide S.H. Elbert G.N. O'Grady University of Hawaii University of Victoria, B.C. K.J. Franklin KL. Pike Summer Institute of Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics W.W.Glover E.C. Polome Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Texas G.W.Grace Gillian Sankoff University of Hawaii University of Pennsylvania M.A.K.
    [Show full text]