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Contents Part A. Part B. B 1. Oppression, 1776

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Contents Part A. Part B. B 1. Oppression, 1776 CO NTENTS PART A . PART B . O RESSION 1 7 6 - 1 6 1 . 7 8 5 B PP , RE ONSTR TI N RE RES I 1 - 1 B2 . O S ON 865 900 C UC P , B3 REKINDLIN CIVIL RI TS 1 900 -1 94 1 . G GH , B4 IRT OF THE IVIL RI TS MOVEMENT 1 4 - . 9 1 1 954 B H C GH , B MODERN IVIL RI TS MOVEMENT 1 955 - 1 5 . 964 C GH , B THE SE OND REV L I N 1 - 1 6 . O T O 965 976 C U , PART C . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ART D DETERMINATIONS OF SITE SI NIFI AN E P . G C C EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SITES T E I LIO RAP Y PAR . B B G H SOURCES CONSULTED RECOMMENDED READIN G ONS LTIN I STORIANS PART F . C U G H LIST OF TABLES NATIONAL ARK SERVI E IV IL RI TS RELATED INTER RETATION TA BLE 1 . P C C GH P BY MINORITY GROUP 2 NATIONAL ISTORI LANDMARKS AND NATI ONAL ARK NITS BY TABLE . H C P U CIVIL RIGHTS ERA S EXAM LES OF LA ES A SSO IA TED WIT IVIL RI TS EVENTS AND TABLE 3 . P P C C H C GH LIST OF APPENDICES DIX RONOLO Y OF IVIL RI T IN AMERI A APPEN 1 . CH G C GH S C 2 RONOLO Y OF AMERI AN INDIA HT o A PP ENDIX . CH G C N CIVIL RIG S EyENgS EXECUTI VE SUMMARY I ntroduction C r r - In 1 999 the US . ong ess autho ized the National Park Service to conduct a multi state study of civil ri ghts sites to determine the appropriateness of including these sites in the A s rt f t N l P r S m . a o i s N H r L m r ur r r m ationa a k yste p ational isto ic and a ks S vey p og a , the N P r S r r r r ofAm r H r OAH ational a k e vice in pa tne ship with the O ganization e ican isto ians ( ) , prepared this civil rights framework study to assist the National Park Service in identifying r r r r The and p io itizing those a eas of histo y significant in illustrating the civil rights story . framework Should assist planners in evaluating proposals by Congress and others for t m The r rt o r r r r r . additions the pa k syste , histo ic t ails , and he itage a eas epo will also assist in the identification ofsites for National Historic Landmark designation and help nominating r r I r r r autho ities in states , fede al agencies , and ndian t ibes identify p ope ties that should be nominated and listed in the National Register of H istoric Places . M ethodology ’ N P r r m r B r S t r . The eginning the p ocess , ational a k e vice staff developed the s udy s pa a ete s — study used a period ofsignificance beginn ing in 1 776 when the Decla ra tion of “ — Indep endence declared that all men are created equal and ending in 1 976 to encompass the civil ri ghts movement of minority groups following adoption of the 1 964 Civil Rights t T r r r m r r r r x r Ac . he se o scope cove ed the ight to equal t eat ent unde the law ega dless of ace, , r Pr Act r m T sexual o ientation . ovisions of the se ve as subthe es within the study . hese include r mm m m the ight to vote, access to public acco odations , public education , and equal e ploy ent opportunity . Q AH scholars worked with the National Park Service to produce a historical overview f r i o U S . r for m A r Am r N placing civil ights w thin the context histo y wo en, f ican e icans , ative Am r A s r r Am r La A . e icans , tinos , sian e icans, and gays and lesbians the wo k p oceeded the r m mm r r r m Overview identified othe the es such as i ig ant ights , c i inal justice, and the ’ r r r The I r r r . American ndian nations st uggle to etain thei sove eignty, lands, ights, and cultu e r m histo ians also identified exa ples of nationally Significant people, places and events ‘ m r ri ht v nt r s e e s . U associated with civil ights , and co piled a ch onology of civil g sing this rm N P r S r r r rm r r info ation , ational a k e vice histo ians and planne s dete ined how well ep esented B on r r f these sites are within the country . ased the histo ical ove view and an analysis o m r . existing civil ights sites , the study akes the following findings and conclusions St udy Findi ngs The findings concentrate on which themes and minority groups need further intensive study to assist with the preservation and interp retation of sites that convey how the civil rights r movement influenced both national and eve y day life . ' c i il r h re a e sites ha ve bee de ifie a n d er re e . The rr 1 . M a ny v ig ts l t d n i nt d int p t d cu ent status ofthe National Park Service c ivil rights story is most readi ly sem ifi ndividua ls are of r m r M r L r K , Jr. who p o inent statu e such as a tin uthe ing, , and well known events like ‘ ' 1 965 S m V R m r M the el a oting ights a ch . ost sites represent pivotal moments in civil rights r or m r of t histo y the lifeti e wo k activists . Of heNational Historic Landmarks identified in T 2 24 r , a e Afr Am r 1 3 m able associated with ican e icans , with wo en , 3 with Am eri can I 1 A Am r ndians , and each with sian e icans and the gay/lesbian movement.National Park “ Service units and National Historic Trails that interpret civil rights include 8 associated A r Am r 3 m 2 with f ican e icans , with wo en , and each with Asian Am ericans and American T f I . o r r Am r W r W r ndians opics inte p etation include Japanese e ican o ld a H internment , , m 5 r Am r In wo en histo y in voting , e ican dian expulsion and the American Indian M m A fii can Arnerican r f r ove ent , and civil ights ef o ts in voting, public school r . r r deseg egation , and civil ights gene ally . A numb er ofci il ri ht related ites ha e not been identified a nd in r r v g s s v te p eted . The r r m histo ians cont ibuting to this study list any events , places , and people in the overview are m rt ri hts ‘stor that i po ant in the civil g y that have not been recogn ized . This list is not m r or m r N P co p ehensive definitive, but e ely assists ational ark Service staff with assessing are r r W , r . m r r r how well these Sites ep esented in the count y ithin ino ity g oups , the invento y r is m for L Am ri In A Am W of civil ights sites li ited atinos, e can dians, and sian ericans . ithin m of mm m m r t the es , the topics public acco odations , equal e ploy ent , and housing a e no well r r ep esented . No o era ll int r r ti n t l n xi t I r v e p e ve co cep p a e s s . nte pretive planning was the topic of a December 1 997 meeting between twenty- four representatives from the National Park S r B rm m C R In tu C R M m e vice , the i ingha ivil ights sti te, the National ivil ights useu , and the U er F r T r met C H m Ri I r r niv sity of South lo ida . his g oup at a ivil and u an ghts nte p etive Plann ing Workshop with the goal of recommending how interpretive planning could The r rm contribute to the effective interpretation of civil and human ri ghts .
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