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Forestry Handbook British Columbia

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Forestry Handbook British Columbia Forestry Handbook for British Columbia Fifth Edition, PDF Part 2 Editors Susan B. Watts, Ph.D., RPF Lynne Tolland, M.Sc. Published by The Forestry Undergraduate Society Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Forestry handbook for British Columbia / editors, Susan B. Watts, Lynne Tolland. -- 5th ed. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-88865-447-2 1. Forests and forestry--British Columbia. 2. Forests and forestry. I. Watts, Susan B., 1952- II. Tolland, Lynne III. University of British Co- lumbia. Forestry Undergraduate Society. SD146.B7F68 2005 634.9’09711 C2004-907361-3 Original Adobe Pagemaker layout by Patsy Quay Adobe InDesign CS layout ,vector diagrams and 2013 PDF by Jamie Myers UBC, Faculty of Forestry. Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Forest Sciences Centre 2005-2424 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 CANADA Email: [email protected] Web: www.forestry.ubc.ca Tel: 604-822-2727 Fax: 604-822-8645 © Copyright 2005 UBC, Faculty of Forestry FOREST GENETICS Y.A. El-Kassaby, Ph.D., K.Ritland, Ph.D., C.E. Ritland, Ph.D., S.N. Aitken, Ph.D., J.Bohlmann, Ph.D. and J.Krakowski M.Sc. Introduction ......................................................................................................................474 Adaptation ........................................................................................................................474 Forest Genetic Resources and Tree Improvement ...............................................................477 Tree Improvement in BC ...................................................................................................481 Forest Genetics and Biotechnology ....................................................................................482 Genetic markers and their use in forestry .....................................................................482 Types of markers ..........................................................................................................482 Sampling .....................................................................................................................482 Marker applications .....................................................................................................483 Genomics ....................................................................................................................483 Somatic embryogenesis ................................................................................................485 Importance of clonal testing ........................................................................................485 Implementation of SE .................................................................................................486 FOREST PROTECTION FIRE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT J. Beck, Ph.D. RPF, J. Parminter, M.F., RPF, M. Alexander, Ph.D. RPF, E. MacDermid, T. Van Nest, A. Beaver and S. Grimaldi, RFT Fire Ecology and Types of Fire ...........................................................................................490 Fire History .......................................................................................................................491 Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Groups .................................................................................492 Natural Disturbance Types ................................................................................................492 Post-fire Succession............................................................................................................493 Aboriginal Burning............................................................................................................493 The Settlement Era ............................................................................................................494 Fire Control and Fire Management ...................................................................................494 Fire and Resource Management .........................................................................................495 Prescribed Burning ............................................................................................................495 Combustion ......................................................................................................................496 Fuel Chemistry ..................................................................................................................496 Heat Transfer .....................................................................................................................497 Fire Spread ........................................................................................................................498 Fire Acceleration ................................................................................................................499 Fire Growth .......................................................................................................................500 Frontal Fire Intensity .........................................................................................................501 Crown Fires .......................................................................................................................503 Fire Control Strategies .......................................................................................................504 Fire Control Tactics ...........................................................................................................504 Reducing heat ..............................................................................................................504 Reducing air and oxygen ..............................................................................................504 Removing fuel .............................................................................................................505 The Fire Environment .......................................................................................................505 Fuel .............................................................................................................................505 Weather .......................................................................................................................507 Topography .................................................................................................................508 The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System ...............................................................509 The Fire Weather Index System ....................................................................................509 The Fire Behaviour Prediction System ..........................................................................511 XIII Applications .................................................................................................................513 Decision Support Systems .................................................................................................513 Fire Growth .......................................................................................................................514 Fire Modelling ...................................................................................................................514 Smoke Production .............................................................................................................515 Smoke Dispersion .............................................................................................................515 Health Effects ....................................................................................................................516 Fire Prevention ..................................................................................................................517 Fuel Management..............................................................................................................518 Fire Detection ...................................................................................................................519 Fire Reporting ...................................................................................................................520 Fire Fighter Safety .............................................................................................................520 Community Safety ............................................................................................................521 Legislation, Policy and Procedures .....................................................................................522 The Ministry of Forests Act .........................................................................................522 The Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act ....................................................522 Forest Fire Prevention and Suppression Regulation ............................................................523 Integrating Fire and Land Management ............................................................................523 FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT J.A. McLean, Ph.D., R.P.Bio., B. van der Kamp, Ph.D. and A.L. Behennah, B.Sc. Introduction ......................................................................................................................528 Federal, provincial and individual licensee responsibilities for surveying and managing forest health .................................................................................................................528 Forest Health
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