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Timber Cruise Reference Guide (Fsh 2409.12)

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Timber Cruise Reference Guide (Fsh 2409.12) TIMBER CRUISE REFERENCE GUIDE (FSH 2409.12) ENDORSEMENT Measurements for volume determination of this timber meet current Region Five cruising standards. Name: _______________________________ Phone Number: ________________________ Forest: _______________________________ District: ______________________________ USDA – Forest Service R5-2400-28A (Rev. 2/2016) TIMBER CRUISE REFERENCE GUIDE (FSH 2409.12) Original release 05/2011 Revisions: Page 24, Section “Trees that Fork” 1/18/2012 Page 20, Incense-cedar basal scar chart 3/5/2014 Page 12, Incense-cedar (Oligoporus amarus) fungus Pencil Rot information 02/29/2016 Page 13, Red Ring Rot - Phellinus (Fomes) pini Fungus information 02/29/2016 Page 14, Young growth ponderosa pine deduction 02/29/2016 Page 19, Pine and Douglas-fir large scar with rot Deduction rule 02/29/2016 Page 1 SPECIES CODES Alpha Alpha Code Species Code Species DF Douglas-fir RF Red fir PP Ponderosa pine ES Engelmann spruce JP Jeffrey pine SS Sitka spruce SP Sugar pine MH Mountain hemlock WP Western white pine WH Western hemlock LP Lodgepole pine IC Incense-cedar KP Knobcone pine PO Port Orford-cedar WF White fir WR Western red-cedar BASAL AREA FACTOR (BAF) and PLOT RADIUS FACTOR BAF PRF to face PRF to center 5 3.847 3.889 10 2.708 2.750 15 2.203 2.245 20 1.902 1.944 25 1.697 1.739 30 1.546 1.588 40 1.333 1.375 46.94 1.227 1.269 50 1.188 1.230 54.44 1.137 1.179 60 1.081 1.123 62.50 1.058 1.100 70 0.997 1.039 71.11 0.989 1.031 80 0.930 0.972 80.28 0.928 0.970 90.00 0.874 0.916 75.62 1.000 To calculate other PRFs: PRF(Center) = 8.696 BAF PRF(Face) = PRF(Center) - 0.042 Page 2 Plot Calculations Variable Plot Limiting Slope Distance LDs = DBH X PRF X SCF LDs = Limiting Slope Distance DBH = Diameter at Breast Height PRF = Plot Radius Factor SCF = Slope Correction Factor Fixed Plot Limiting Slope Distance Plot Radius to face = Plot Radius - (.5*DBH / 12) Plot Radius to face X SCF= LDs Notes: Measured Distance must be at or within the limiting distance for a borderline tree to be counted. Slope distance is measured from the point center to the face of the tree. Cruise Method Codes: 100 = Classic 100% 3P = Classic 3P 3PPNT = 3P Point FIX = Fixed Plot F3P = Fixed Plot, 3P Subsample PNT = Point (Variable Plot) P3P = Point, 3P Subsample STR = Sample Tree S3P = Sample tree, 3P Subsample FCM = Fixed Plot Count/Measure PCM = Point Count/Measure Page 3 Relaskop Bar Widths: Distance Width from Width value to tree “A” to “B” of each bar 33' 1' 2" 66' 2' 4" 99' 3' 6" 132' 4' 8" Circular Plot Measurements Radius Acre Feet Meters 1/100 11.8 3.59 1/50 16.7 5.08 1/40 18.6 5.67 1/20 26.3 8.02 1/10 37.2 11.34 1/ 7 44.5 13.56 1/ 5 52.7 16.06 1/ 4 58.9 17.95 1/ 3 68.0 20.73 1/ 2 83.3 25.39 PLOT RADIUS = 13865* ACRE (in feet) Example: 1/20 acre plot radius = 13865*1/ 20 = 26.3 Finding plot spacing: (#acres /# plots *43560) Page 4 Prism Keep the prism over the point, position its face so it is perpendicular to the tree being measured. When more than 10% slope is involved between tree and prism, rotate the prism around the line of sight by exactly the angle of slope between the prism and the tree’s DBH. Page 5 Techniques for Measuring trees with Abnormalities at DBH Relaskop: Although any Basal Area Factor (BAF) can be used,the 75.6 Basal Area Factor (BAF) is the most convenient and is located approximately in the middle of the fifth white bar to the right of "0" on the scale (see diagram on page 3 for approximate location). Attach measuring tape to the center of the tree and while viewing through the relaskop, back away until the tree is centered and touching between "0" on left side of the scale and the middle of the fifth white bar to the right. At this point, the distance in feet away from the tree equals the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) in inches. For example, a 24.3 foot distance equates to a 24.3 inch DBH. The relaskop adjusts for slope when measuring diameters at any height above the ground. When measuring diameter, take two measurements at the same hight and at right angles (90 degrees) to each other and average those values. Add the appropriate taper to estimate DBH. Use the relaskop for abnormal diameters by shooting above DBH and adjusting for taper. Use this method only if the point on the stem where the diameter resumes normal taper cannot be measured with a tape. Prism Consider slope correction to accurately determine diameters. Measure from center of tree to a point where the measured tree appears borderline through the prism. Divide that distance by the Plot Radius Factor (PRF) for the Basal Area Factor (BAF) used. Example: BAF= 20 PRF to center of tree = 1.944 Borderline Distance = 35 feet as viewed through prism. 35/1.944 = 18.004 diameter = 18.0 inches Page 6 Tree Taper Species Location Taper Incense-cedar West-side 3" for each 8' Incense-cedar East-side 4" for each 8' all other species 2" for each 8' Note: This is a guideline only and if representative tree taper samples are measured, the measured tree taper will prevail. Leaning Trees: Trees leaning 25 percent (about 15 degrees) or more from vertical require special height measuring techniques. Two options for estimating leaning tree heights are listed below. Slope Correction Factor Method: 1. Measure vertical height to tree tip from a point perpendicular to tree lean. 2. Measure angle of tree lean, reading from the side of clinometer (in Degrees). 3. Subtract the degree reading from 90 4. Find slope correction factor for step 3 angle. 5. Multiply vertical height by slope correction factor. Page 7 Example: Vertical height = 100 ft. Clinometer reading = 61° (a = 61) 90° - 61° = 29° Slope Correction Factor for 29°= 1.14 Corrected height = 100 * 1.14 = 114 ft Pythagorean Theorem 1. Determine the horizontal distance by measuring from the tree bole to a point directly under the tip of the leaning tree (a). 2. Determine the vertical distance from the ground to the tip of the tree (b). 3. Determine the actual tree height by using the Pythagorean theorem. 2 2 Tree Height = a b Leaning Tree PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM 1. Determine horizonal Pythagorean Theorem. distance from bole of tree 3. Calculate actual Ht. using to point directly under tip. Side a c a 2 b2 2. Determine Vertical 2 2 distance from ground Tree height a b to tip of tree. c Side b b a 66 ft Example 1: Tree Height = a = 20 b = 75 Tree Height = 202 752 Tree Height = 400 5625 Tree Height = 6025 = 77.6 or 78 feet. Page 8 Methods for Reducing Bias when Sampling Close to Boundaries There are two methods approved for use in R5 when trees within the population being sampled lie close to the boundary of the tract. The Mirage method has been used extensively but has limitations with irregular boundaries and other settings such as pockets of inclusion. The Walk through method has fewer limitations. Consistently use one of these methods in plot sampling when points fall inside, but near the unit boundary. Consider only trees INSIDE the unit for cruise trees. Procedure for Using the Mirage Method: 1. Determine “in” trees from the original sample point and list them (inside unit only). 2. Measure the shortest perpendicular distance to the unit boundary from the sample point. 3. Measure (extend) an equal distance beyond the boundary (outside unit). 4. Establish a “correction point” to determine “in” trees. 5. Determine “in” trees from the “correction point” and record those trees inside the unit and previously selected in the original point. These trees will be recorded twice. Page 9 Procedure for Using the Walkthrough Method: 1. Determine “in” trees from the original sample point and record them (inside unit only). 2. Measure the distance and direction from the sample point to the center of each “in” tree. 3. “Walkthrough” the same distance and direction past the center of the tree. 4. If the point so located falls outside of the unit boundary, tally that tree twice. In the above example, trees 1 and 2 would be tallied twice. 200' 202.0 204.0 206.0 208.0 210.0 212.0 214.0 216.0 218.0 220.0 222.0 224.0 226.0 228.0 230.0 150' 151.5 153.0 154.4 156.0 157.5 159.0 160.5 162.0 163.5 165.0 166.5 168.0 169.5 171.0 172.5 132' 133.3 134.6 136.0 137.3 138.6 139.9 141.2 142.6 143.9 145.2 146.5 147.8 149.2 150.5 151.8 100' 101.0 102.0 103.0 104.0 105.0 106.0 107.0 108.0 109.0 110.0 111.0 112.0 113.0 114.0 115.0 66' 66.7 67.3 68.0 68.6 69.3 70.0 70.6 71.3 71.9 72.6 73.3 73.9 74.6 75.2 75.9 50' 50.5 51.0 51.5 52.0 52.5 53.0 53.5 54.0 54.5 55.0 55.5 56.0 56.5 57.0 57.5 33' 33.3 33.7 34.0 34.3 34.7 35.0 35.3 35.6 36.0 36.3 36.6 37.0 37.3 37.6 38.0 25' 25.3 25.5 25.8 26.0 26.3 26.5 26.8 27.0 27.3 27.5 27.8 28.0 28.3 28.5 28.8 Slope Distance For Distance Slope Slope Correction for Clinometer for SlopeCorrection 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Factor Slope Correction % 10-17 18-22 23-26 27-30 31-33 34-35 36-39 40-42 43-44 45-47 48-49 50-51 52-54 55-56 57-59 Slope 19 22 23 26 27 28 29 30 13-14 15-16 17-18 20-21 24-25 Degrees Slope Page 10 200' 234.0 236.0 238.0 242.0 244.0 248.0 250.0 254.0 258.0 262.0 266.0 270.0 274.0 278.0 282.0 150' 175.5 177.0 178.5 181.5 183.0 186.0 187.5 190.5 193.5 196.5 199.5 202.5 205.5 208.5 211.5 132' 154.4 155.8 157.1 159.7 161.0 163.7 165.0 167.6 170.3 172.9 175.6 178.2 180.8 183.5 186.1 100' 117.0 118.0 119.0 121.0 122.0 124.0 125.0 127.0 129.0 131.0 133.0 135.0 137.0 139.0 141.0 66' 77.2 77.9 78.5 79.9 80.5 81.8 82.5 83.8 85.1 86.5 87.8 89.1 90.4 91.7 93.1 50' 58.5 59.0 59.5 60.5 61.0 62.0 62.5 63.5 64.5 65.5 66.5 67.5 68.5 69.5 70.5 33' 38.6 38.9 39.3 39.9 40.3 40.9 41.3 41.9 42.6 43.2 43.9 44.6 45.2 45.9 46.5 25' 29.3 29.5 29.8 30.3 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.8 32.3 32.8 33.3 33.8 34.3 34.8 35.3 Slope Distance For Distance Slope Slope Correction for Clinometer for SlopeCorrection 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.37 1.39 1.41 Factor Slope Correction % 60-61 62-63 64-66 67-69 70-71 72-74 75-76 77-79 80-82 83-85 86-88 89-91 92-94 95-98 99-100 Slope 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Degrees Slope Page 11 Page 12 Cull Indicators and Suggested Deductions Timber Cruising Handbook FSH 2409.12 Chapter 20 Note: Cruisers shall use the guidelines contained in this section unless documented local information is available.
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