From Super Grid Transformers to Supercars
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Asia Pacific Super Grid – Solar Electricity Generation, Storage and Distribution
DOI 10.1515/green-2012-0013 Green 2012; 2(4): 189–202 Andrew Blakers*, Joachim Luther and Anna Nadolny Asia Pacific Super Grid – Solar electricity generation, storage and distribution Abstract: This paper explores the large scale transmission tries have rapidly growing economies leading to rapidly of solar electricity to Southeast Asia from Australia. growing energy demand (2). The continent of Australia Despite the expense and losses incurred in long distance has a population of 23 million people and an average pop- transmission of Australian solar electricity, it appears to ulation density of 3 people per square kilometer. Australia be competitive with locally produced solar electricity is well endowed with indigenous energy resources. In par- because of high insolation levels in Australia. Supplemen- ticular, Australia has immense solar energy resources in tation of locally produced electricity (both from renewable the centre and northwest (3). and conventional sources) with power from Australia, to- A glance at the South East Asian page of a world atlas gether with substantial integrated energy storage, would shows a long and narrow chain of islands between Austra- allow a high solar electricity fraction to be achieved in lia and the Malay Peninsula. Major desert regions exist to Southeast Asia. the north (central China) and south (central and north west Australia). This dipole suggests the possibility of Keywords: solar energy, HVDC, photovoltaics, energy storage, transporting large quantities of solar electricity to South renewable energy East Asia via high voltage cables from large solar farms located in Australia, and solar and wind farms in China. PACS® (2010). 88.05.Lg The latitudes are 20°S and 40°N respectively, which would provide seasonal balance to the solar resource from each region. -
Power Grid Connection and Its Technical Issues
Power Grid Connection and its Technical Issues The fourth in a 2020 series of webinars from the Clean Energy Ministerial Regional and Global Energy Interconnection Initiative May 26, 2020 1200(GMT)/2000(GMT+8, Beijing Time) Duration: 1 hour Event Link: https://meeting.tencent.com/s/5WUWiqfd9c1a(Conference ID: 950 855 652) Speaker: Prof. Ryuichi Yokoyama (Waseda University) The webinar will address: ➢ What are the current status and challenges of power grid connection in Japan and the rest of the world? ➢ Which technical performance is better in High Voltage Direct Current transmission regarding Line Commuted Converter (LCC) or Voltage Source Converter(VSC) ? ➢ What impacts does the COV-19 have on the development of energy interconnection in future? Ryuichi Yokoyama is a Professor Emeritus of Waseda University, a Life Fellow of IEEE, a Senior Life Member of IEE of Japan, a member of CIGRE. He is also Chairman of Standardization Commissions of Electric Apparatus in METI Japan. He received the degrees of B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, in 1968, 1970, and 1974 respectively. After working in Mitsubishi Research Institute, from 1978 through 2007, he was a professor in the Faculty of Technology of Tokyo Metropolitan University. Since 2007, he had been a professor of the Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering in Waseda University. His fields of interests include planning, operation, control and optimization of large-scale environment and energy systems, and economic analysis and risk management of deregulated power markets. About the Regional and Global Energy Interconnection (RGEI) Initiative The RGEI Initiative was established at the 9th Clean Energy Ministerial meeting in Copenhagen/Malmö in May 2018. -
Europe's Supergrid
PROTECTING EUROPEAN CIVILISATION: EUROPE’S SUPERGRID Eddie O’Connor Marcos Byrne Introduction 1. What Europe will look like in 2050. I. What will our electrical demand be? II. How influential will rooftop solar and storage be? III. What effect will electric vehicles have on this demand? IV. How will the demand be met by renewables? 2. What Resources are available to meet this demand. I. Where will the main sources of generation be located? II. How can we access the areas of great potential? 3. How we can distribute this renewable energy. I. How do we interconnect countries with great wind and/or solar resources with those with weaker renewable resources? II. What are the challenges involved? Hemispheric Temperature Change – Annual Mean Hemispheric Temperature Change - 5-Year Running Mean 1.4 1.2 Northern Hemishpere 5-Year Running Mean 1 Southern Hemisphere 5-Year Running Mean 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 Hemispheric Temperature Change (C) Change Temperature Hemispheric -0.4 -0.6 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 EU 2020 Strategy and the Paris Climate Agreement • 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels). • 20% of EU energy from renewables • This target varies between countries depending on their starting points. • 20% increase in energy efficiency. • The 2020 strategy feeds into future targets such as reducing EU emissions by 40% by 2040. • All EU countries are also part of the Paris Climate Agreement. Source: UNEP What does European demand look like now? EU Electricity Generation by Fuel Type 4,000 3,500 3,335 3,269 -
A Road Map to Deliver Smart Grid in the UK Simon Skillings
A Road Map to Deliver Smart Grid in the UK Simon Skillings Summary The concept of a ‘smart grid’ involves the combination of instrumentation, communications and analytics that allows power network infrastructure to be operated in a dynamic and efficient manner as opposed to the ‘passive’ operational approach which is currently the norm in the UK. There exists general consensus that the challenges of climate change and system security, in particular the ability to accommodate significant volumes of decentralised and renewable generation, requires that the network infrastructure must be upgraded to enable smart operation. Failure to do so will act as a major obstacle in the transition to a low carbon economy. A second important aspect of network development involves the construction of a number of strategic interconnections across the North Sea to create a new off-shore grid. This opens up the opportunity to more fully exploit the vast untapped potential of off-shore wind energy. However, there are a series of obstacles which have hitherto hindered progress in upgrading the network. In particular, the current regulatory regime is not well designed to encourage network operators to embrace new technological opportunities and this is exacerbated by the extent of the risk and uncertainty involved. The government has a key role to play in injecting the necessary momentum by providing strong direction to the regulator on the outcomes that must be delivered. In addition, the government needs to ensure the appropriate financing routes are in place that will enable Ofgem to set a regulatory framework that leads to a low cost of capital for investors whilst retaining the necessary management incentives on network operators to deliver the required outcomes. -
National Grid Electricity Transmission Nationalgrid Annual Summary 2014/15 Network Innovation Allowance
National Grid Electricity Transmission nationalgrid Annual Summary 2014/15 Network Innovation Allowance Click here to enter Welcome 02 This is the second Annual Summary of National Grid Electricity Transmission’s Welcome(NGET) projects under the Network Innovation Allowance (NIA). 2014/15 has been a year of enhanced focus on innovation in Electricity Transmission, with a Strategy number of successful initiatives implemented into our ways of working. update We have further enhanced our innovation our organisational design review for capabilities and partnerships, delivering innovation. This will provide enhanced a balanced consumer-value focused clarity of responsibilities and accountabilities portfolio of projects through our Network for selecting, prioritising and delivering Innovation Allowance (NIA). We have also innovation projects and implementing Our portfolio of innovation projects been successful in securing funding for our successful outcomes into day-to-day covers the full spectrum of our strategic Smart Frequency Control (EFCC) Network business operations. A panel of Directors priorities, with work progressing on Innovation Competition (NIC) project. from all of National Grid’s UK RIIO-regulated opportunities reflecting long-term and Innovation can be summed up as the business has been established with short-term potential. To leverage the best act of matching what is needed with what accountability for our UK technology and value for GB consumers we have been is possible, to deliver a better outcome. innovation strategy. The energy systems in Great Britain (GB) proactively sharing the knowledge gained are undergoing fundamental changes. from our research and innovation activities This, coupled with the changing ways in with other network owners. This has been which consumers use energy, means that We have done some done through a knowledge sharing forum what is needed to maintain safe, reliable fantastic work in innovation for the Onshore and Offshore Transmission and affordable energy is rapidly evolving. -
Galloper Wind Farm Eastern Super Grid Transformer Project Environmental Statement – Chapter 3 Project Details February 2014 Document Reference – GWF/25/02/2014
Galloper Wind Farm Eastern Super Grid Transformer Project Environmental Statement – Chapter 3 Project Details February 2014 Document Reference – GWF/25/02/2014 Galloper Wind Farm Limited CONTENTS Page 3 PROJECT DETAILS 3.1 Introduction 1 3.2 Outline Project Description 2 3.3 Alternatives Considered 2 3.4 Onshore Substation 3 3.5 Items to be Constructed under the DCO 4 3.6 Cabling 7 3.7 Sealing End Compound, Gantries, and Overhead Lines 7 3.8 Changes to the Galloper Wind Farm Onshore Site 7 3.9 Project Programme 8 3.10 Pre-Construction Site Investigations 8 3.11 Onshore Construction 9 3.12 Environmental Management during Construction 9 3.13 Commissioning 10 3.14 Substation Overview 10 3.15 Decommissioning 11 3.16 Local Community Relations 11 3.17 References 11 Figures Figure 3.1 Plan and elevation of Eastern Super Grid Transformer 5 Figure 3.2 Galloper Layout showing proposed redundant elements 6 Appendices 3.1 Galloper Wind Farm Construction Code of Practice Galloper Wind Farm – Eastern Super Grid Transformer Project Environmental Statement – Chapter 3 Project Details Final February 2014 3 PROJECT DETAILS 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 This chapter of the Environmental Statement (ES) presents the details of the Galloper Wind Farm (GWF) Eastern Super Grid Transformer (ESGT) scheme and describes the construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning components of the project, which would primarily comprise: • Securely fenced ESGT compound containing the following plant (see Figure 3.1): o One 400/132kVsuper grid transformer including cooling -
Using of HVDC Technology in Super Grids Ines Bula University for Business and Technology, [email protected]
University of Business and Technology in Kosovo UBT Knowledge Center UBT International Conference 2017 UBT International Conference Oct 27th, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Using of HVDC Technology in Super Grids Ines Bula University for Business and Technology, [email protected] Valmira Hoxha University for Business and Technology, [email protected] Edin Bula University for Business and Technology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference Part of the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bula, Ines; Hoxha, Valmira; and Bula, Edin, "Using of HVDC Technology in Super Grids" (2017). UBT International Conference. 142. https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference/2017/all-events/142 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Publication and Journals at UBT Knowledge Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in UBT International Conference by an authorized administrator of UBT Knowledge Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Using of HVDC Technology in Super Grids Ines Bula1, Valmir Hoxha2, Edin Bula 3 1,2,3 UBT – Higher Education Institution, Lagjja Kalabria, 10000 p.n., Prishtine, Kosovo {ines.bula, valmir.hoxha}@ubt-uni.net; [email protected], Abstract. This paper describes the HVDC system, its organization, as well as advantages over the AC system. Implementation of this system will help to make Europe sustainable energy independent which will require a renewable generation portfolio where much of this portfolio will be fueled by wind and will be developed offshore as it is presented in this paper. -
Solutions for Smart and Super Grids with HVDC and FACTS
Technical article ■ Authors: M. Claus, D. Retzmann, D. Sörangr, K. Uecker Solutions for Smart and Super Grids with HVDC and FACTS Answers for energy. Content 0. Abstract 3 I. Introduction 3 II. HVDC and FACTS Technologies 3 A HVDC Developments 4 B FACTS Developments 5 III. Security and Sustainability of Power Supply with HVDC and FACTS 5 A Neptune HVDC Project – USA 5 B Basslink HVDC – Australia 6 C Prospects of HVDC in India 6 D Prospects of HVDC in China 7 E HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation 8 F Prospects of VSC HVDC 9 IV. Conclusions 9 V. References 12 2 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry 27 - 31 October 2008 Solutions for Smart and Super Grids with HVDC and FACTS M. Claus, D. Retzmann1, D. Sörangr, K. Uecker Siemens AG Erlangen, Germany [email protected] Abstract— Deregulation and privatization are posing new grid of the future must be secure, cost-effective and challenges to high-voltage transmission systems. High-voltage environmentally compatible [2]. The combination of these power electronics, such as HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) three tasks can be tackled with the help of ideas, intelligent and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), provide the solutions as well as innovative technologies. The combination necessary features to avoid technical problems in heavily loaded of these three tasks can be solved with the help of ideas, power systems; they increase the transmission capacity and system stability very efficiently and assist in preventing intelligent solutions as well as innovative technologies. cascading disturbances. Environmental constraints, such as Innovative solutions with HVDC and FACTS have the energy saving, loss minimization and CO2 reduction, will also potential to cope with the new challenges. -
Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan
Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan Ryuichi YOKOYAMA 横山 隆一 Waseda University 早稲田大学 名誉教授 1 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Outline of Presentation ・ Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy ・ Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer ・ Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan 2 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy 3 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Paradigm Shift toward Best Energy Mix from Nuclear-Centered Generation Mix Generation Mix based on Large Scale Plants Thermal Plant Hydro Plant Residence Factory Wind Tsunami Nuclear Plant Generation 2011 Storage Storage Transmission Distribution Distribution Network Substation PV Generation Network Energy Saving Local Generation Best Energy Mix based on Distributed Generation and Network Generation Generation Battery Energy Storage GE with Fossil Energy with Sustainable Energy Lead Battery Ni-MH Battery - - e → 放 電 e → 負負 極 極 正正 極 極 ↑ e - e - ↓ H 2 O H 2 O N iO O H ← e - 水 素 H + - LNG Thermal Plant (1GW) - - e - → OH OH N i( O H ) 2 水 素 吸 蔵 合 金 オ キ シ 水 酸 化 ニ ッ ケ ル - Gas Combined Cycle (0.3GW) EDLC Li-Ion Battery 電子 - → e 放 電 - Gas Engine (10KW – 1MW) 負 極 正 極 Li+ - IGCC (Clean Coal Generation) 炭素材料 (黒鉛層間化合物) 遷移金属酸化物 - Fuel Cell 空のLi+サイト 4 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Issues in Power System Operation by Large Scale Instillation of Sustainable Energy ○ By large scale installation of sustainable energy such as PV generation, new problems in power grids ; Excess energy, Voltage increase and Shortage of frequency control capacity occur. -
Scientific American: a Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy 08/16/2006 06:42 PM
Scientific American: A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy 08/16/2006 06:42 PM June 26, 2006 A Power Grid for the Hydrogen Economy Cryogenic, superconducting conduits could be connected into a "SuperGrid" that would simultaneously deliver electrical power and hydrogen fuel By Paul M. Grant, Chauncey Starr and Thomas J. Overbye On the afternoon of August 14, 2003, electricity failed to arrive in New York City, plunging the eight million inhabitants of the Big Apple--along with 40 million other people throughout the northeastern U.S. and Ontario--into a tense night of darkness. After one power plant in Ohio had shut down, elevated power loads overheated high-voltage lines, which sagged into trees and short-circuited. Like toppling dominoes, the failures cascaded through the electrical grid, knocking 265 power plants offline and darkening 24,000 square kilometers. That incident--and an even more extensive blackout that affected 56 million people in Italy and Switzerland a month later-- called attention to pervasive problems with modern civilization's vital equivalent of a biological circulatory system, its interconnected electrical networks. In North America the electrical grid has evolved in piecemeal fashion over the past 100 years. Today the more than $1-trillion infrastructure spans the continent with millions of kilometers of wire operating at up to 765,000 volts. Despite its importance, no single organization has control over the operation, maintenance or protection of the grid; the same is true in Europe. Dozens of utilities must cooperate even as they compete to generate and deliver, every second, exactly as much power as customers demand--and no more. -
'Supersmart Grid' Could Connect up Renewable Energy Across Europe
4 June 2009 ‘SuperSmart Grid’ could connect up renewable energy across Europe Renewable energy could help Europe meet twin goals: a more secure energy supply and climate change mitigation. A recent study describes a new approach to electricity distribution in the form of a ‘SuperSmart Grid’. This supports both long-distance transmission and decentralised energy generation and could enable a 100 per cent renewable electricity system by 2050. A major problem with renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, is that supply is often intermittent, causing fluctuations and strain on the grid system. In addition, the current European grid system is unable to meet rising energy demands and needs to be transformed. Proposals for overcoming these problems include 1) a large-scale grid to transmit electricity from renewable sources over long distances, a ‘Super Grid’, and 2) decentralising production of renewable electricity from distributed, small installations, such as micro turbines, fuel cells or biogas digesters: a ‘Smart Grid’. The researchers, working under the EU CIRCE project1, suggest that these two proposals could be combined to create the SuperSmart Grid (SSG). This would transmit electricity over a wide area and connect up smaller, distributed generation installations. An efficient SSG would also even out any fluctuations over a wide area. The authors argue that a 100 per cent renewable electricity system is necessary if Europe is to meet its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60-80 per cent, compared with pre-industrial levels by 2050, (in line with the policy to limit the global average temperature increase to not more than 2ºC) and that the SSG would enable this system. -
The Prospect for an Australian–Asian Power Grid: a Critical Appraisal
energies Review The Prospect for an Australian–Asian Power Grid: A Critical Appraisal Edward Halawa 1,2,*, Geoffrey James 3, Xunpeng (Roc) Shi 4,5 ID , Novieta H. Sari 6,7 and Rabindra Nepal 8 1 Barbara Hardy Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia 2 Centre for Renewable Energy, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia 3 Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] 4 Australia China Relations Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] 5 Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 6 Department of Communication, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia; [email protected] 7 The School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK 8 School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Auckland Campus, Albany 0632, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-8-8302-3329 Received: 17 October 2017; Accepted: 11 January 2018; Published: 15 January 2018 Abstract: Australia is an energy net self-sufficient country rich in energy resources, from fossil-based to renewable energy. Australia, a huge continent with low population density, has witnessed impressive reduction in energy consumption in various sectors of activity in recent years. Currently, coal and natural gas are two of Australia’s major export earners, yet its abundant renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, and tidal, are still underutilized. The majority of Asian countries, on the other hand, are in the middle of economic expansion, with increasing energy consumption and lack of energy resources or lack of energy exploration capability becoming a serious challenge.