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Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan Ryuichi YOKOYAMA 横山 隆一 Waseda University 早稲田大学 名誉教授 1 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Outline of Presentation ・ Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy ・ Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer ・ Features of Power System and Issues on International Connection in Japan 2 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy 3 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Paradigm Shift toward Best Energy Mix from Nuclear-Centered Generation Mix Generation Mix based on Large Scale Plants Thermal Plant Hydro Plant Residence Factory Wind Tsunami Nuclear Plant Generation 2011 Storage Storage Transmission Distribution Distribution Network Substation PV Generation Network Energy Saving Local Generation Best Energy Mix based on Distributed Generation and Network Generation Generation Battery Energy Storage GE with Fossil Energy with Sustainable Energy Lead Battery Ni-MH Battery － － e → 放 電 e → 負負 極 極 正正 極 極 ↑ e － e － ↓ H 2 O H 2 O N iO O H ← e － 水 素 H + - LNG Thermal Plant (1GW) － － e － → OH OH N i( O H ) 2 水 素 吸 蔵 合 金 オ キ シ 水 酸 化 ニ ッ ケ ル - Gas Combined Cycle (0.3GW) EDLC Li-Ion Battery 電子 － → e 放 電 - Gas Engine (10KW – 1MW) 負 極 正 極 Li+ - IGCC (Clean Coal Generation) 炭素材料 (黒鉛層間化合物) 遷移金属酸化物 - Fuel Cell 空のLi+サイト 4 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Issues in Power System Operation by Large Scale Instillation of Sustainable Energy ○ By large scale installation of sustainable energy such as PV generation, new problems in power grids ; Excess energy, Voltage increase and Shortage of frequency control capacity occur. ○ Necessity of power stabilization control to keep their own functionality of power networks ） （％） Output Deviation of PV Generation in Voltage Increase and Reverse Power in Distribution Networks 70 Summer 60 Fine Distribution ～ － ～ － 50 Load Load ～ － Disconnection Day Substation Load Load Load 40 100/200V Voltage 30 Cloudy 6６00V MEGA Solar 20 Reverse Power Generation Capacity （ Rainy Reverse power : PV generated power flows into grids １０７Ｖ 10 Permissible Range Reverse power （ Voltage Time) (1016V) 0 ９５Ｖ Ratio 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 No Reverse Distance from Substation transformer Power Smart HEMS Meter Shortage of Frequency Control Capacity SumSum of of demand demand and and Excess of ２０ ） PV outputwind output fluctuations control limit deviations LFC : Load 太陽光 Frequency 増加 Control DemandChange minutesdeviartion ±1～2 % Components under Components （ Demand of Total demand Onedeviation Electric hour Battery Vehicle 5 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Autonomous Micro Grid for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy Utility Grid Back Up Intelligent Fuel Cells Control System ICT-based Monitoring, Communication and Control Loop Network Wind Generator Domestic Customers Battery Energy Storage System Large Customers GE PV generation Electricity/Heat Supply Gas Engine, CGS 6 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Changes of Power System Structure by Introducing Smart Technology 7 7 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Toward Future Power Delivery Networks Stable Power Supply Reasonable Price Low Carbon Society Generation Mix by Large Scale Plants VulnerabilityThermal to Plant Remote Generation Natural Disaster Large ScaleHydro Plant Power SystemResidence Long Transmission Factory Wind Nuclear Generation Parasite Storage Storage Cost/Benefit Plant Transmission Distribution Distribution Micro Grid NetworkFutureSubstation Social InfrastructurePV Generation Smart Grid Network Smart & Eco Power Transfer Anti-Disaster Network Life crossing the Border Local Government Driven Electricity, Heat, Inter-regional Connection Autonomous Network Transportation Smart Community Clustered Microgrid Super Grid Eco City, Compact Town 8 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Objectives and Features of Smart Community To create social infrastructures (Smart Communities) to conduct the integrated management of life style, heat usage, transportation other than electricity for effective use of total energy. Smart Community 50% of energy consumption Electricity Infrastructure (Smart Grid) Heat Supply is by Heat and Steam Smart Use of Industrial Meter HEMS Shortage: EV Home Biomass Cogeneration Fuel Cell Surplus: Home EV Waste and Garbage Visualization of Electricity Price and Real Time appliance Control Electric Vehicle to Home Heat and Steam Network by utilizing Unused Heat Energy Energy Consumption in Transportation Change of Life Style Comfortability Transportation became Double in 30years Eco Point Today 3,250 Yen 20 KWh Charge 5,000 Yen BRT（Bus Rapid Transit） Car Sharing Change of Life Style by Visualization Mobil Security Assist System by using probe Information High Speed Bus System of Energy Consumption with Private-Use Rail 9 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Configurations and Features of Smart Community Control Center to manage Nuclear and Thermal energy, information and Generation Plants transportation in the area optimally Tram with Smart Building Battery Wind Gen. Overhead Wires EV is used as Use of Tram Control Center a social infrastructure Breeze Mega Solar Charging Station Electric Bus Electric Vehicles Charging Station Shortage: EV Home Smart House Surplus: Home EV Micro Hydro Gen. Smart House PV Electric Bus (Tram in the Future) Washer, Dryer, M.W. , LED, Television A.C Fixed Battery Inverter Smart Meter Efficient Air Home Network Motor Changeable Home Gateway Conditioner Tram Li-Ion Battery in the Future Heat Pump Fuel Cell EV 10 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Smart Community Pilot Projects in Japan Outline and Scale of Yokohama Eco City Participants ImplementationKyoto Keihanna in Minato District Mirai, （Kyoto Prefecture, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas Tokyo Gas KouhokuKANSAI New SCIENCE Town CITY, and Kyoto University） ・ EV, Charging CO2▲20％ :houses, ▲30％:transportation （from 2005） Yokohama City Kanazawa Districts (Clusters) ・ BEMS, etc. Minato Mirai Area stations etc. Install PV in 1,000 houses, EV car-sharing system （Yokohama City, Toshiba, Panasonic, Nano-grid management of PVs and FCs in houses and Meidensha, Nissan, Accenture, etc.） 7MWbuildings PV (visualization generation, of demand) 4,000 Smart Grant “Kyoto eco-points” to the usage of green-energy CO2▲30％ by 2025（from 2004） Energy management system which houses, 2,000 Electric vehicles, Regional Commercial New developing Heat supply integratesbuildings HEMS, BEMS, EV area PV（27,000 kW） TargetKitakyushu to install totally City 27MW Use of heat and unused energy （Kitakyushu City, Fuji Electric Systems , GE, 4,000 Smart houses, ,2000 EVs Sustainable energy Gas IBM, Nippon Steel） Residential DemandCO2▲ Response50％（from 2005 demonstration） House area Real-time management at 70 companies Electricity Show Rooms AMI Toyota City and 200 houses ・ HEMS by BEMS/HEMS and Integrated ・ （ Energy management by HEMS, BEMS EMS in CommunityToyota City. Toyota Motor,・ ChubuEfficient Electric appliances , EV EMSEnergy system in which 3 areas coordinates ( Clustersdemand side ) ・ EMS in ClusteredPower, AreaToho Gas, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy management with the overall power system . Industries, Denso, Sharp, Fujitsu, Dream Target to reduce 30% CO2 by 2025 Incubator, etc.） CO2▲20％ :houses, ▲40％:transportation (in all Yokoyama against 2004） Use of heat and unused energy as well as electricity Demand response at more than 70 homes For 5 years, the total budget will 3100EV, V to H, to G be $ 1 billion Minato MiraiCopyright: 21 Kouhoku Ryuichi Yokoyama, New WasedaTown University,Kanazawa Japan District11 Oversea Smart Community Developments by NEDO Conclusion of MOU concerning Smart Community Projects 6 Demonstration Projects ; 4 in Implementation stage and 2 in Construction stage Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan Java Island （Indonesia） Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan 12 Smart Community Sites and Facilities in NM Range of the NEDO Project Operation Commands to DER and Storages Los Alamos to regulate PV output μEMS/Monitoring Lead Acid Battery Autonomous Commercial Building with 100KW-PV, GE,BEMES, Storage Los Alamos Los AlamosAlbuquerque Los Alamos Monitoring to regulate 1MW PV-Generation Sitepower flowLead Acid Battery μ-EMS for Microgrid Substation at the connecting point Management by US Side μEMS (5MW) PV-Output Monitoring AlbuquerqueBuildings StationeryAlbuquerque Battery PV Generation ResidencesAlbuquerque with Smart Meters Mesa Del Sol Building Implementation Facilities GE, Energy Storage and PV Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan 13 Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Autonomous and Uninterruptible Power Supply in Albuquerque The first implementation of autonomous and uninterruptible power supply for public commercial buildings in USA Connecting Isolated Isolated Connecting Voltage By controlling output of a gas engine , DER and a battery storage, Frequency the transition from Connecting State to Isolated State becomes stable. 14 Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan Energy Management in Houses and Areas ○ Energy management in larger areas is more effective than that in a single house . ○ Excess electricity stored
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