Jilin Urban Development Project

Home , Baicheng, Baishan, Jiangyuan District, Jingyu County, Liaoyuan, Linjiang

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 46048-001 March 2014

People’s Republic of China: Jilin Urban Development Project

FINAL REPORT (Volume V of V)

Prepared by HJI Group Corporation

Costa Mesa, CA, USA.

For Jilin Provincial Government

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 15 January 20141)

Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = $ 0.1667 $1.00 = CNY 6.000

ABBREVIATIONS

1 Due to the uncertainty of future change of the exchange rate, a fixed currency exchange rate is assumed and used for the analysis of the project.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Supplementary Appendix 11 Poverty and Social Analysis

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

POVERTY AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2. RATIONALE ...... 2 3. METHODOLOGY ...... 3 3.1. Household Survey ...... 3 3.1.1 Brief Introduction ...... 3 3.1.2 Sample Size and Distribution ...... 4 3.2 Focus Group Discussion ...... 5 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AREA ...... 7 4.1 Project Beneficiaries Identification ...... 7 4.2 Geography and Project Area ...... 7 4.3 Demographics ...... 8 4.4 Economic Development and Income ...... 9 4.5 Employment...... 10 4.6 Education ...... 11 5. SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS ...... 11 5.1 Baishan ISWM System ...... 11 5.1.1 Situation and Problems of Garbage Management System ...... 12 5.1.2 Residents’ Opinions and Suggestions ...... 13 5.1.3 Family Garbage Disposal and 3R Awareness ...... 14 5.1.4 Willingness to Pay ...... 16 5.1.5 Positive and Negative Impact on Local Residents ...... 16 5.1.6 Negative Impact on Local Residents ...... 17 5.2 Baicheng ISWM System ...... 17 5.2.1 Situation and Problems of Garbage Management System ...... 17 5.2.2 Residents’ Opinions and Suggestions ...... 18 5.2.3 Family Garbage Disposal and 3R Awareness ...... 19 5.2.4 Willingness to Pay ...... 21 5.2.5 Positive Impact on Local Residents ...... 22 5.2.6 Negative Impact on Local Residents ...... 22 5.3 Water Supply Management in Baishan ...... 23 5.3.1 Complaints for Water Supply Improvement ...... 23 5.3.2 Concerns about the New Water Supply System ...... 25 5.3.3 Water Consumption and Willingness to Pay ...... 25 5.3.4 Positive and Negative Impact ...... 26

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 5.4 Urban Roads and Municipal Services in Baicheng ...... 26 5.4.1 Comments on Local Traffic ...... 27 5.4.2 Traffic Mode ...... 28 5.4.3 Positive Impact...... 28 5.4.4 Negative Impact and Traffic Safety ...... 29 6. POVERTY ANALYSIS ...... 30 6.1 Overall Poverty Profile ...... 30 6.2 Poverty Reduction Program in Project Cities ...... 31 6.3 Povery Profile in Survey Areas ...... 32 6.4 Overall Poverty Reduction Role of the Project ...... 34 6.4.1 Increase Direct and Indirect Jobs and Income...... 34 6.4.2 Improve Living Environment and Reduce Incidence of Diseases ...... 35 6.4.3 Boost Economic Growth and Reduce Poverty ...... 36 7. GENDER ANALYSIS ...... 36 7.1 Overall Gender Profile ...... 36 7.2 Gender Mainstreaming Strategy Review ...... 36 7.3 Women Program in Project Cities ...... 37 7.3 Positive Impacts on Women ...... 38 7.3.1 Employment Promotion ...... 38 7.3.2 Life Burden Relief ...... 39 7.3.3 Women’s Participation Promotion ...... 39 7.5 Gender Action Plan ...... 39 8. ETHNIC MINORITY ...... 39 8.1 Overall Ethnic Minority Profile ...... 39 8.2 Impacts by Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...... 40 8.3 Impacts of the Project ...... 40 9. SOCIAL RISKS AND MANAGEMENT ...... 40 9.1 Involuntary Resettlement ...... 41 9.2 Landfill Impact Control in Baicheng ...... 41 9.3 Affordability and Willingness to Pay ...... 42 9.4 Traffic Safety ...... 42 9.5 Social Action Plan ...... 42

Tables:

Table 1: Project Components…..…………………….……..………………..……………………….……….1 Table 2: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baishan ...... 4 Table 3: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baicheng- ...... 4 Table 4: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baicheng- ...... 5 Table 5: Focus Group Discussions for Baishan Components ...... 6 Table 6: Focus Group Discussions for Baicheng Components ...... 6 Table 7: Affected People and Area by Different Components of the Project ...... 7 Table 8: Demographic Data of the Project Areas ...... 9

iii

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Table 9: Economic Development (2012) ...... 9 Table 10: Per Capita Annual Income (2012) ...... 10 Table 11: Employment Situation (2012) ...... 10 Table 12: Education Status (2012) ...... 11 Table 13: General Attitude to the Environmental Sanitation of Baishan (%) ...... 13 Table 14: Main Issues of Existing Solid Waste Management in Baishan (%) ...... 13 Table 15: Complaints of Residents for Improvement of Solid Waste Management ...... 13 Table 16: Family Garbage Disposal ...... 14 Table 17: Attitude to 3R Based on Household Survey ...... 14 Table 18: Attitude to Solid Waste Management...... 15 Table 19: Suggestions for Supporting Design and Strengthening Public Participation Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 20: General Attitude to the Environmental Sanitation of Baicheng (%) ...... 18 Table 21: Main Issues of Existing Solid Waste Management in Baicheng (%) ...... 18 Table 22: Appeals of Residents for Improvement of ISWM ...... 19 Table 23: Knowledge about 3R ...... 19 Table 24: Family Garbage Disposal ...... 19 Table 25: Attitude to 3R ...... 20 Table 26: Attitude to Solid Waste Management...... 20 Table 27: Suggestions for Supporting Design and Strengthening Public Participation ...... 21 Table 28: Key Issues Caused by the Landfill ...... 222 Table 29: Comments on Existing Water Supply Based on Household Survey (%) ...... 24 Table 30: Dissatisfaction with Water Supply Based on FGDs (%) ...... 24 Table 31: Water Failure and Its Impact Based on Household Survey (%) ...... 24 Table 32: Water Conservation ...... 25 Table 33: Concerns about the New Water Supply System (%) ...... 25 Table 34: Water Meter and Consumption (%) ...... 25 Table 35: Willingness to Connect Based on Household Survey (%) ...... 25 Table 36: Confidence to Pay ...... 25 Table 37: Main Reasons that People Agree to Pay for the Service ...... 26 Table 38: Satisfaction with Local Traffic (%) ...... 27 Table 39: Major Traffic Problems Traffic (%) ...... 27 Table 40: Traffic Mode Based on Household Survey (%) ...... 28 Table 41: Traffic Time Based on Household Survey (%) ...... 28 Table 42: If Benefit from the Project (%)...... 29 Table 43: Positive Impacts of the Project (%) ...... 29 Table 44: Negative Impacts of the Project (%) ...... 29 Table 45: Urban Poverty Status in Project Areas (January 2013) ...... 30 Table 46: Rural Poverty Status in Project Areas (January 2013) ...... 31 Table 47: Urban Poor Classification in Project Areas (January 2013) ...... 31 Table 48: Dibao Allowance in Project Areas (January 2013) ...... 32 Table 49: Age of the Poor ...... 33 Table 50: Annual Income (CNY) ...... 33 Table 51: Claimed Causes of Poverty (%) ...... 34

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Table 52: Employment and Income Creation of Each Component during Construction ...... 34 Table 53: Employment and Income Creation of Each Component during Operation ...... 35 Table 54: Urban Poor Classification in Project Areas (January 2013)………………………… ………...36

Figures: Figure 1: Map of Project Areas ...... 8 Figure 2: Existing Garbage Transport Chain ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3: The Existing Garbage Transport Chain in Taobei of Baicheng Error! Bookmark not defined.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

1. INTRODUCTION

1. The proposed Jilin Urban Development Project (Project) will be implemented in Baishan and Baicheng cities, respectively, of Jilin Province of P.R. China. Jilin Province is located in the central part of the northeastern region of P.R. China, bordering Russia and North Korea in the east and southeast, respectively. Jilin has a total area of 187,000 km2 and a total population of 27.5 million by the end of 2012. Its capital city is Changchun, which lies 270 km northwest of Baishan City and 300 km southeast of Baicheng City, respectively. 2. Baishan is a prefecture-level city of Jilin province, with an area of 17,485 km2 and a population of 1.28 million by the end of 2012. Baishan administrates 6 districts/city (county level) /counties, and its Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District are the project areas in which Baishan components will be implemented. 3. Like Baishan, Baicheng is a prefecture-level city of Jilin province as well, with an area of 25,685 km2 and a population of 2 million by the end of 2012. Baicheng administrates 5 district/cities (county level) /counties, and its Taobei District is the project area in which Baicheng components will be implemented. 4. Baishan is rich in water resources. However, urban water supply insufficiency and water deterioration in recent years have become main factors that restrict the socio-economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. Meanwhile, with rapid urbanization, management of increasing amounts of urban solid waste has become a major challenge in Baishan. Similarly, Baicheng is facing some issues in its rapid urbanization process, lack of urban infrastructures and solid waste management are two of the issues. 5. The Project aims to solve the above problems, and improve the living conditions of urban residents in two cities as well. The Project consists of four components: (i) streamlining integrated solid waste management (ISWM) based on 3R principles in Baishan; (ii) ISWM based on 3R principles in Baicheng; (iii) improving water supply services in Baishan; and (iv) constructing urban roads with associated facilities in Baicheng. Details of subproject components are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Project Components

Components Description Unit Capacity

A. Baishan ISWM System 455 ( a) adding garbage collection trashes and transport equipment for sorting garbage at resource ton/day 1. Efficient ISWM (b) upgrading 15 existing garbage collection stations 30 (c) constructing a garbage sorting plant System in Baishan (d) expending an existing Tangzigou garbage landfill 320 & Baicheng, B. Baicheng ISWM System 420 respectively ( a) adding garbage collection trashes and transport equipment for sorting garbage at resource ton/day (b) constructing 12 garbage stations 50 ( c) constructing a garbage sorting plant A. Main water transmission pipeline 2. Improved Water (a) Hunjiang District transmission pipeline km 24.33 Supply (b) Jiangyuan District transmission pipeline km 6.87 Management in B. A new water supply treatment plant m3/d 50,000 Baishan C. Water distribution piping network km 55.38

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report A. Urban roads 3 2.47 (a) Sanhuan Road 11 .30 (b) Xiangyang Road 4.50 (c) Xinhua Xi Road 2.72 (d) Shengli Road 2.07 (e) Chunyang Road km 3.88 (f) Xingfu Bei Jie 1.33 (g) Nan Yi Jie 1.02 (h) Taoerhe Road 2.66 (i) Xinggong Road 2.98 B. Bridge m 330.00 3. Improved C. Water Supply Piping Network km 37.27 Coverage of Urban D. Sanitary Sewer Roads and ( a) Piping network km 63.23 Municipal Service (b) Pump stations #1 (Xingfu Bei Jie/Sanhuan m3/d 16,000 in Baicheng Road) m3/d 3,000 (c) Pump station #2 (Changbai Road/Sanhuan Road) E. Stormwater ( a) Piping network km 6 0.34 (b) Pump stations #1 (Xinggong Road/G302) L/s 10,479 (c) Pump station #2 (Changbai Road/Sanhuan L/s 11,000 Road) F. 10 KV Power Supply Line km 33.00 G. Communication Line km 33.00 H. Heating Level I Piping Network km 14.10 4. Improved A. Project implementation support Capacity & Institutional B. Institutional Capacity Development Arrangement

2. RATIONALE

6. Promoting Employment and Facilitating Poor Alleviation -- According to the household survey (HS), the annual poor family income of project areas is only CNY8,486 in Baishan, CNY11,250 in Taobei and CNY9,840 in Xijiao of Baicheng, respectively. Not all the poor households are covered by Diabo. Both of the official statistics and the survey data showed that underemployment and unemployment are the key reasons that make urban residents poor. Job creation will definitely and effectively reduce the poverty in project areas. 7. Improving Water Supply Services and Living Conditions -- Local residents, especially the poor will be provided with an access to better water supply services. Both of the HS and focus group discussions (FGDs) on water supply management have shown their complain for currently bad water supply services. The water supply component of the Project will meet all the residents’ urgent demands in terms of water quality, pressure and water failure, and further improve local residents’ living conditions. 8. Improving Solid Waste Management and Living Environment -- The components of ISWM systems in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively, will implement a solid waste management improvement plan and invest in municipal solid waste facilities in Hunjiang District of Baishan City and Taobei District of Baicheng City, respectively. It will target the sustainable development in urban sanitation, environmental protection and health improvement in the project area. All the residents living in these two districts will benefit gain access to a better and sustainable living environment.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 9. Integrated Urbanization and Regional Economic Development – Like in other cities of China, the urbanization process in Baicheng is accelerating. The improvement of urban r oads and related infrastructure plays a key role to integrate the urban and rural development in full compliance with the city’s master plan for urbanization. The road network construction in the west suburb (Xijiao) of Baicheng City is part of the 12th Five-Year Plan for Baicheng Economic and Social Development. The survey showed that almost all the local residents support the project and believe they will benefit from it.

3. METHODOLOGY

10. This Poverty and Social Assessment (PSA) is undertaken in line with the ADB guidelines related to safeguard policies, and prepared by safeguard specialists of a consultant team of the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) based on different social issues related to the Project. 11. The PSA aims at contributing to local poverty reduction, and social and economic development through the Project. The objectives of the PSA are to optimize the project design through social considerations in order to produce maximum social benefits, particularly to the poor, women, and other socially disadvantaged groups, and to ensure the social dimensions are fully incorporated into the project final design. In details, the objectives of the assessment include the following items: (i) draw the socio-economic and poverty profiles of the project area based on primary and secondary data; (ii) assess the project’s potential positive and negative impacts, and analyze the project’s potential social benefits, poverty reduction benefits and social risks; (iii) analyze the impact of the Project on the poor and identify pro-poor design and implementation opportunities; (iv) maximize benefits for local women, also encourage their participation in the project design; (v) incorporate social safeguard issues, such as ethnic minorities’ issue, involuntary resettlement and other risks; and (vi) put forward action plans to avoid or reduce any negative impacts. 12. In order to (i) achieve the objectives of the PSA, (ii) have a better understanding of specific socioeconomic situations, (iii) facilitate analysis of the outcomes of the Project on local social development, and (iv) develop a reasonable assessment, the methods of literature study, socio-economic household questionnaire surveys, FGDs, stakeholder consultation workshops and key informant interviews have been used.

3.1. Household Survey

3.1.1 Brief Introduction

13. A stratified sample was applied in the HS to ensure reasonably reliable independent estimates. The stratification is made on two levels: on the first level each directly affected subdistrict (street administration office or town) is considered a single stratum; and on the second level, community committees considered the substratum. The sample size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the stratum. The HS was conducted in all 8 of affected urban sub-districts of Hunjiang District in Baishan City and all 10 urban sub-districts of Taobei District in Baicheng City. 14. The HS focused on as the follows. It is worth pointing out that the bottom income group (20% of the lowest) was classified as the poverty group in the PSA. All the data on poverty

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report group in this HS were analyzed separately and compared with other groups. (i) Basic household information such as income composition and expenditure, living conditions, normal or poor family; (ii) Awareness on the project; (iii) Household water consumption, sanitation, public health, affordability, coverage, satisfaction on current water service in Baishan; (iv) Solid waste situation and relevant issues in Baishan: 3R, public trash bin management, affordability, public health, street-sweeping services, etc; (v) Solid waste situation and relevant issues in Baicheng: 3R, public trash bin management, affordability, public health, street-sweeping services, etc; (vi) Traffic mode and relevant issues such as access, affordability, mobility, public transport, traffic safety, and etc in Baicheng; (vii) Willingness to pay; and (viii) Gender: the questions reflect gender issues scatter through all sections of the questionnaire.

3.1.2 Sample Size and Distribution

15. The HS samples consist of (i) 200 beneficiary households in Baishan (for both solid waste management and water services in Hunjiang District of Baishan City); (ii) 200 beneficiary households for solid waste management in Taobei District of Baicheng City; and (iii) 100 beneficiary households for road network in Xijiao Street Office of Taobei District. The sampling household distributions are presented in Table 2 (Solid Waste Management and Water Supply Services in Baishan), Table 3 (Solid Waste Management in Baicheng), and Table 4 (Road Network and Relevant Infrastructures in Baicheng). Table 2: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baishan Component 1 & 2: Solid Waste Management and Water Supply Services

Subdistrict Population (10,000) % Sample Size (HH) (Street) 29.67(sample population, population in Total 100 200 Hunjiang District) Dongxing 4.9 16.5 33 Jiangbei 2.34 7.9 16 Tonggou 3.14 10.6 21 Xinjian 4.79 16.1 32 Banshi 1.12 3.8 8 Hekou 2.09 7.0 14 Hongqi 6.88 23.2 46 Chengnan 4.41 14.9 30

Table 3: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baicheng- Component 3: Solid Waste Management (urban Taobei District)

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Street Household Population (person) Sample Size (HH) Affected Area Urban residents 116,857 261,696 200

Changqing 24,084 56,759 41

Mingren 13,807 31,232 23

Haiming 15,440 33,343 26

Existing Xinhua 15169 34,491 26 Urban 214,794 Area Tiedong 6,059 12,381 10 Guangming 8,893 19,905 15

Xinli 7,487 15,197 13

Chengnan 5,505 11,486 11

New Baoping 6,755 16,866 12 Urban 46,902 Area Xingfu 13,658 30,036 23

Table 4: Sample Size and Distribution of Household Survey in Baicheng- Component 4: Road Network and Infrastructures (Rural Xijiao Street) Sample size Sample Village Population Household Note (HH) Xijiao Street 21,933 (affected 8,540 100 (affected directly) directly) 15 villages in total in Xijiao Street (7 out of Baoping 2,850 870 23 15 are picked Chaoyang 1,470 326 9 randomly as samples). Since Households Baosheng 1,996 608 16 affected by land acquisition and Chunyang 1,565 330 9 resettlement have been interviewed by Zhujia 1,809 420 11 resettlement survey, they are excluded in Daijia 1,580 500 14 this socio-economic survey. Erlong 2,017 648 18

3.2 Focus Group Discussion

16. Based on the project features and affected areas, a total of six FGDs were designed and conducted. Local residents were invited to discuss issues related to the project design, including (i) water supply services in Baishan; (ii) solid waste management, urban environmental sanitation and snow removal in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively; and (iii) traffic mode, comments and suggestions about the new road network in Baicheng. Eight to twelve of local residents for each FGD were invited to the discussion. Each FGD had half or more female participants.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 17. Six FGDs were conducted to assess specific impacts on affected groups. Participatory Appraisal was used during the discussions to make sure that the opinions from them could be fully expressed. Six FGDs are presented in Table 5 (Baishan) and Table 6 (Baicheng), respectively. Table 5: Focus Group Discussions for Baishan Components

Component Community Participant Date Topic

3R, tariff, the main Hongxing 11 urban participants problems of urban Baishan Solid Afternoon, Community, (7 women), among sanitation, what do Waste 15th July Hongqi Street, which 3 from Dibao they need most from Management 2013 Hunjiang District Family, solid waste management Sangongdi Baishan Water 9 urban poor (4 men, Afternoon, Community, Water tariff and Supply Services 5 women), all Dibao 16th July Jiangbei Street, affordability (the water supply households;. 2013 services of the Hunjiang District Project will only Water quality Chengqiang 11 urban residents (4 increase a new Afternoon, problems and Street, men, 7 women) , 3 water source for 17th July waterborne disease Jiangyuan from Dibao Family, Jiangyuan 2013 due to the existing District residents.) water source Total 31 3 FGDs

Table 6: Focus Group Discussions for Baicheng Components

Component Community Participant FGD Topic 3R, tariff, the main Baihe problems of urban 10 urban residents (5 Afternoon,9 Community, sanitation, what do women), 2 from th July Changqing they need most from Dibao, 2013 Baicheng Solid Street solid waste Waste management Management The impact of Baomin Farm, 12 workers (9 men, 3 Morning, sewage, waste gas, (Daqintala women), 2 from 9th July dust, noise and Village), Dibao 2013 stench from the Taohe Town landfill Baicheng Road Baoping Primary 8 Students (5 boys Afternoon,1 Traffic safety, traffic Network and School, XiJiao and 3 girls) and 2 0th July mode change, Infrastructures Street female teachers 2013 public transtport

Total 32 3 FGDs

18. Secondary information was collected from the local statistics bureau, other relevant government organizations, statistic yearbooks and websites. In addition, various related research and other study reports in the project areas have been collected. Secondary data are used to complement the primary data and for corroboration of the poverty and social assessment of the Project. Secondary data collection, stakeholder consultation workshops, key informant interviews, and field observations are applied mainly to draw the

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report socio-economic and poverty profiles. The HS and FGDs are used to assess the needs of affected people, estimate the benefits, and assess the public support and participation.

4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AREA

4.1 PROJECT BENEFICIARIES IDENTIFICATION

19. According to the initial field visiting conducted by the PPTA consultant team and feasibility study reports provided by the project implementing units (PIUs), the project will affect a total of about 1.12 million people in the project areas; see the details in Table 7 as follows. Table 7: Affected People and Area by Different Components of the Project

No. Component Affected People Affected Area

Component I: streamlining ISWM 0.33 million Urban inhabitants in Hunjiang District 1 based on 3R principles in Rural residents in Minhua Village of 350 Baishan Qidaojiang Town in Hunjiang District Component II: streamlining ISWM 2 based on 3R principles in 0.52 million Urban inhabitants in Taobei District Baicheng 0.16 million Urban inhabitants in Hunjiang District Component III: improving water Urban inhabitants in Jiangyuan 3 0.27 million supply services in Baishan District Rural residents in Shangdianzi Village 400 of Hekou Street of Hunjiang District Component IV: constructing Rural residents in Xijiao Street of 4 urban road with associated 26,839 Taobei District facilities in Baicheng Total beneficiary people 1.12 million

Source: Statistic Yearbook of Baishan and Baicheng (2012); Feasibility Study Reports of the Project.

4.2 Geography and Project Area

20. Jilin Province is located in in the central part of the northeastern region of P.R. China, bordering Russia and North Korea on the east and southeast, respectively, and Heilongjiang Province and Liaoning Province on the north and south, respectively. Jilin had a total area of 187,000 km2 and a total population of 27.5 million by the end 2012. Its capital is Changchun, which lies 270 km northwest of Baishan City and 300 km southeast of Baicheng City, respectively. The location of Jilin Province is presented as the left map of Figure 1. 21. Baishan is a prefecture-level city of Jilin province, with an area of 17,485 km2 in 2012. Baishan administrates 6 districts/city (county level)/counties (see the middle map of Figure 1), including districts of Hunjiang and Jiangyuan, Linjiang City, and counties of Fusong, Jingyu and Changbai Korean Autonomous County. Hunjiang District, with an area of 1,388 km2, and Jiangyuan District, with an area of 1,348 km2, are the project areas in which Baishan components of the Project will be implemented. Hunjiang is the main project area than

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Jiangyuan since the components of water supply and solid waste management will be implemented in the district. The only part of the Baishan component implemented in Jiangyuan will be the provision of the new water source for water supply. 22. Baicheng is a prefecture-level city of Jilin province as well, with an area of 25,685 km2 in 2012. Baicheng administrates 5 district/cities (county level)/counties, including Taobei District, cities of Taonan and Da’an, and counties of Zhenglai and Tongyu. Taobei District, with an area of 2,525 km2 is the project area in which Baicheng components will be implemented (see the right map of Figure 1). Specifically, the solid waste management will be implemented in the entire district of Taobei, and the road network construction will implemented in Xijiao Street Administration Office, western Taobei.

Figure 1: Map of Project Areas 4.3 Demographics

23. Jilin Province had a total population of 27.5 million by the end 2012, of which 53.7% was urban and 46.3% is rural. The gender ratio (male to female) was 104.2. Baishan City had a population of 1.28 million by the end 2012. The population in Hunjiang and Jiangyuan were 0.33 million and 0.27 million, respectively. The urbanization rate of Baishan City was 68.9%, higher than the provincial level of 53.7%. Baicheng City had a population of 2 million in 2012. Taobei District, the project area, had a total of population of 0.52 million. The urbanization rate of Baishan City was only 38.9%. Rural residents still accounted for the majority of total population. 24. Based on the Fifth and Sixth National Census and the yearbooks of Jilin Province, the demographics of two project areas for the last twelve years had the following features: (i) the rate of population growth in the last decade (2000-2010) had decreased sharply compared to the previous decade (1990-2000). From 2000 to 2010, the average annual rate of population growth in Baishan and Baicheng, are -0.12% (vs. 0.34%) and 0.04%, respectively; (ii) family size was reduced from 3.05 to 2.48 in Baishan, and 3.3 to 2.68 in Baicheng; (iii) gender ratio had decreased from 106.5 to 104 in Baishan, and 105.1 to 103.2 in Baicheng; (iv) education level had increased. The illiteracy rate of adults dropped from 5.69% to 3.79% in Baishan, and 4.95% to 1.39% in Baicheng; (v) in general, ageing of the population continued due to the birth rate decreasing. Seniors over 65 years old accounted for 10.32% from 2010’s 5.71% in Baishan, and 7.98% from 2010’s 10.2% (the proportion of 14-64 year-old raised); and (vi) the urban concentration of population distribution increased. Almost half of population was living in Hunjiang and Jiangyuang districts in Baishan, in particular Hunjiang. In Baicheng, currently 25.46% (23.94% in 2010) of the population is living in Taobei District.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 25. Demographic data showed that in the last decade, the population in rural counties in Baishan and Baicheng had been shrinking, people kept migrating out of undeveloped rural areas to urban area of the cities (Hunjiang District and Taobei District), which accelerated the urbanization progress. In 2011, the natural population growth rate in Hunjiang (urban Baishan) is 2.88‰, higher than Baishan City. Jiangyuan District, as the skirts of Baishan, held a negative population growth rate in the meantime. According to the feasibility study report (FSR) of the Baishan component, the population in 2020 in Hunjiang is estimated 0.35 million, the urbanization level will be further raised. In Baicheng, based on the prediction in the FSR of the Baicheng component, the total population will reach 2.1 million by 2020, and the urbanization rate will be 60.78%. Taobei District will be the main urban residential area. Table 8: Demographic Data of the Project Areas

Natural Proportion Population Population (District) of the Urbani - Gender Province / Population Density Growth Population in zation Ratio City/District 2 (million) (person/km Rate the City Rate (Female

) in 2011 (%) (%) =100) ‰ 20000 -201 Jilin Province 27.5 147 2.9 -- 53.7 104.2 Baishan City 1.28 74 2.1 -- 68.9 104.0 Hunjiang 0.33 262 2.88 25.56--28.13 78.9 103.6 District

Jiangyuan 0.27 188 -0.08 19.78--19.62 75.7 103.0 District Baicheng City 2 78 2.93 --- 38.9 102.1 Taobei District 0.52 205 1.94 23.94--25.46 56.0 98.7 Source: Communiqués of Sixth National Census of the PRC, Jilin Province, Baishan, Baicheng City, 2010; Yearbook of Jilin, 2012

4.4 Economic Development and Income

26. In 2012, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Jilin province was CNY1,193.8 billion. The per capita GDP of Jilin province was CNY43,412, which ranks 11th nationally among 31 provincial regions. A secondary industry (manufacture and construction, etc.) contributes the most to the provincial economy. 27. In the past few years, the economy of both Baishan and Baicheng had experienced fast growth. The annual growth rate of GDP increased 12.4% and 12.2% in 2012 over 2011 (see Table 9) in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively, as the same level as the provincial average of 12%, but significantly higher than the national average of 7.8%. In 2012, at the prefectural city level among all 9 cities of Jilin Province, Baishan stayed in the middle and Baicheng remained bottom in terms of per capita GDP. However, the existing level of infrastructures in Baicheng City does not quite meet the increasing requirements. Table 9: Economic Development (2012) Increase of Per Capita GDP GDP over GDP Per Capita Ranking in Jilin Proportion of City/ That in (CNY 100 GDP Province Three Province Previous 2 million) (CNY) /and Industries 1 Year Nationally (%)

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Baishan 600.6 46,853 5 12.4 8.9:59.6:31.5 Baicheng 615.4 30,571 9 12.2 18.0:47.7:34.3 Jilin 11,937.82 43,412 11 12.0 11.8:53.4:34.8 Province Source: Statistical Communiqués of Baishan, Baicheng, and Jilin Province, 2012 Note 1: there are 9 prefectures and municipal cities in Jilin Province, and 31 provincial level regions in mainland China. Note 2: “three Industries” denotes primary industry (agriculture), secondary industry (manufacture, construction, etc.) and tertiary industry (transportation, services, etc.). 28. Generally, Jilin is one of the moderately developed provinces in the P.R. China. Both its economic development level and living standard are close to the national average. In 2012, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents in Jilin was CNY20,208, while the net per capita income of farmers in rural areas was CNY8,598, which was 17.7% lower and 8.6% higher than the national average, respectively. The income levels of urban and rural residents in Baishan and Baicheng are quite same as the provincial average. As for the annual increase rates, the income of both urban and rural residents at all level have experienced double-digit growth. Detailed income information is presented in Table 10. Table 10: Per Capita Annual Income (2012)

Annual Per Annual Per Capita Increase over Capita Increase over City/Province/ Disposable 2011 Net Income of 2011 Nation Income of (%) Rural Residents (%) Urban Residents (CNY) (CNY) Baishan 21,282 15.1 -- -- Baicheng 20,154 13.1 6,200 12.5 Jilin Province 20,208 12.3 8,598 14.5 National 24,565 12.6 7,7 91 13.5 Source: Statistical Communiqués of Baishan, Baicheng, Jilin Province and the national, 2012

4.5 Employment

29. Based on the official statistics and its analysis reports, the local labor supply is sufficient for now and in a few coming years. With the birth rate decreasing and ageing accelerating, the employment pressure will be released gradually, but the cost of labor will be increasing. 30. Over the last decade, employment promoting had been the priority task for the local governments in both Baishan and Baicheng. The registered urban unemployment rates had remained low and stable. More information about employment is presented in Table 11. Table 11: Employment Situation (2012)

New ly Urban Total Increased Reemployment Registered City/District Employment Employment in in 2012 Unemployment (person) 2012 (person) Rate (%) (person) Baishan City 191,812 57,902 17,807 3.4

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Hunjiang District 14,414 4,525 3.9 118,428 Jiangyuan District 9,917 4,350 4.1 Baicheng City 194,389 50,000 12,000 3.8 Taobei District 94,424 11,601 2,478 3.2 Source: Social Safeguard and Human Resource Bureau in Baishan and Baicheng

4.6 Education

31. In the past decade, the local governments had invested heavily in education, and the education levels of the residents have been developed in both of Baishan and Baicheng. The basic information of the education system in Baishan and Baicheng are presented in Table 12. Table 12: Education Status (2012)

Elementary Junior High Senior High Vocation School Collage City School School School School Student School Student School Student School Student School Student Baishan 203 56,824 92 31,681 14 20,889 21 7,353 NA NA Baicheng NA 110,311 NA 54,930 NA 30,527 NA 8,136 3 NA

Source: Statistical Communiqués of Baishan and Baicheng, 2012

NA = not available

5. SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

32. The Project includes (i) ISWM based on 3R principles in both Baishan and Baicheng cities; (ii) improving water supply services in Baishan; and (iii) constructing urban road with associated facilities in Baicheng. In order to assess the impacts of the project on local residents and understand their demands and opinions thoroughly, a socio-economic household survey was conducted in Hunjiang and Jiangyuan districts of Baishan, and Taobei District of Baicheng in July 2013. At the same time six FGDs for different groups including poor (Dibao), women, primary school students and teachers, and other community residents. Besides, key informants interviews on municipal and community level were conducted as well from April to July 2013. Based on the survey reports, the impact of each component is analyzed and assessed in detail in the following sections. 33. The analysis in this section is mainly based on the results of the HS reports and FGD reports. All of the HS and FGDs were carried out in the project areas and all the HS respondents and FGD participants are the direct beneficiaries of the Project.

5.1 Baishan ISWM System

34. The Baishan ISWM system component will be implemented including (i) sorting kitchen garbage, recyclable garbage and other garbage at garbage resource in selected sub-districts

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report by adding garbage trashes and transport trucks; (ii) upgrading 15 existing garbage collection stations by using new equipment; (iii) sorting garbage in a landfill by establishing a garbage comprehensive treatment plant; and (iv) expending an existing landfill in Hunjiang District, urban Baishan. A solid waste management improvement plan will be developed during the project implementation. It will target the sustainable development in urban sanitation, environmental protection and health improvement in the project area. The direct beneficiaries of this component will be all residents living in Hunjiang District. The key benefits include: (i) by investing in new sanitation facilities such as public garbage trashes (tanks) to help 0.33 million people gain access to safe and sustainable sanitation; (ii) by managing waste disposal to minimize environmental impact; and (iii) by public participation to promote public awareness of sustainable environmental and health development.

5.1.1 Situation and Problems of Garbage Management System

35. Currently, municipal environment and sanitation division (ESD) is in charge of garbage cleaning and collecting in Hunjiang of Baishan. There are fixed garbage dumping points close enough to every residential building in every community. Usually, people dump their garbage to the carts at the dumping points. The workers of the ESD collect and clean the garbage carts twice a day at 9am and 2:30pm, and transport the garbage to the roadside. Garbage vehicles that the ESD sends out transport the garbage to garbage collection stations twice a day as well. Ultimately, the garbage is transported to the landfill from garbage collection stations. Carts Garbage Vehicle Solid Garbage Tanks Collection Stations Landfill Waste

Garbage Vehicle

Figure 2: Existing Garbage Transport Chain in Baishan 36. Baishan ESD has nineteen garbage collection stations with self-loading transport trucks, among which fifteen are in operation. All garbage collection stations were constructed from 1995 to 2006. However, the operation and management of the system of garbage collection and treatment still remain in 1990s level, which generates a series of environmental risks, summarized as follows:

● Without sorting and sorting facilities, mixed domestic garbage is collected and transported to a landfill directly. The garbage is not sorted at garbage recourse or landfill. Only part of paper products, plastic and glass garbage would be recycled spontaneously by local residents. These kinds of garbage can be sold to special waste stuff collection stations.

● Lack of compression transport equipment result in secondary pollution during collecting and transferring, inefficiency and high cost of transfer, and irregular garbage removal.

● Organic perishable garbage such as kitchen garbage are collected together with other domestic garbage, which makes mixed-garbage high moisture content, and further generates leaking, rotten smell and other sanitation problems.

● No garbage trucks could be sealed to avoid garbage falling around during transfer.

● Existing snow removal trucks and other facilities are not functional enough to meet the

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report cleaning needs. 37. Up to now, there have been no official or self-organized recycling programs launching in Baishan.

5.1.2 Residents’ Opinions and Suggestions

38. The results of the HS showed that 46% of respondents expressed their disappointment and dissatisfaction about the environmental sanitation of urban Hunjiang. Their dissatisfaction (poor and very poor) about street sanitation, the sanitation of their own neighborhood and the complaint channels are between 30% and 40% as presented in Table 13. Table13: General Attitude to the Environmental Sanitation of Baishan (%) Very Very G ood Average Poor Good Poor 1. General environmental sanitation of urban 2.0 9.0 43.0 24.5 21.5 Hunjiang 2.Street sanitation 2.5 16.0 48.0 19.0 14.5 3. Environmental sanitation of my 3.0 18.5 39.0 18.5 21.0 neighborhood 4. Complaint mechanism about 3.5 9.5 38.5 20.0 18.5 environmental sanitation Source: HH survey report 39. As for solid waste management in Hunjiang, street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s main concerns. Besides, people are not quite satisfied with garbage cleaning and collecting.

Table 14: Main Issues of Existing Solid Waste Management in Baishan (%)

Very Very Main Issues G ood Average Poor Good Poor 1 Street watering 1.0 9.5 21.0 25.5 43.0 2 Snow removal in winter 4.5 25.5 28.5 18.0 23.5 3 The amount of trash bins 1.0 26.0 41.0 16.5 15.5 4 Garbage cleaning not in time 1.0 27.0 39.0 15 18.0 Source: HH survey report 40. According to the FGD reports, in Hunjiang the main issues in this garbage transport chain (Figure 2) are: (i) the garbage carts are not big enough to contain all the garbage, so there are always garbage on the ground; (ii) without collecting in time, food waste would smell, especially in summer; (iii) most of the garbage vehicles are worn-out and leaking, which makes streets filthy and smelly; (iv) restaurants dump their food waste to residential garbage carts, which pollutes the environment of community; and (v) since there is no facilities for snow removal, all the snow cleaning work with intensity has to be conducted by hands. 41. Based on the HS and FGDs, the complaints of residents for the improvement of solid waste management in Baishan are concluded summarized as follows in Table 15.

Table 15: Complaints of Residents for Improvement of Solid Waste Management

No. Complaints and Suggestions 1 I ncrease garbage bins and carts for residents, restaurants and streets 2 R enew or upgrade garbage vehicles

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 3 I ncrease snow removal facilities 4 Improve garbage colleting service 5 Improve street watering

5.1.3 Family Garbage Disposal and 3R Awareness

42. Although there is no recycling system in current solid waste management in Baishan and not even half of them are knowledgeable of 3R, most of the residents have been classifying domestic garbage by collecting and selling recycled waste. There are some solid waste collectors in every community that actually help implement 3R and maintain the sanitation at the same time. 43. According to the HS report, the majority of the interviewed households sell the recycled waste like paper products, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal (specific data are presented in Table 16). Due to the lack of recycling mechanism, hazardous waste such as battery, paint, expired medicine is dumped directly with other garbage together. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more. Table 16: Family Garbage Disposal Dump Other Types of Garbage Sell Garbage Dump (Specify) bins site 1.Food waste 0 59.5 39 1 2.Paper/cardboard 74 15.5 7.5 3 3.Plastic and rubber 76 15.5 5.5 3 4. E-waste (household electrical appliances, 62.5 13 7.5 17 computer, cell phone, etc.) 5. Metals 73 16.5 4.5 6 6. Glass 18 52 26 4 7. Old clothing 7 39 19 35 8. Hazardous waste 1.5 57.5 39 2

44. According to the FGD reports, half of the participants claimed that they had collected and sold all kinds of recycled waste. The other who don’t collect and sell usually including all Dibao households, claimed that their families didn’t have much recycled waste since they barely buy bottle beverage or newspaper for reducing household expenditure. 45. Most of the HS respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper products, glass and plastic bottles for sell. A total of 92.5% of the respondents expressed that they would be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate trash bins for collection purposes even without any income if a recycling program was set up. 74% of the respondents would like to know more information about how and what types of garbage they could compost, reuse and recycle. Table 17: Attitude to 3R Based on Household Survey

Attitude to 3R Vote % 1. I have collected paper (book, magazine or paper boxes) and bins (glass and plastics) 96.5 from my home waste and sell to garbage collectors for many years. 2. 3R is very important, and a good way to save natural resource and protect environment, 96.5 3. If a recycling program was set up, would you be willing to separate waste into separate 92.5 bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes(even without any income

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report for your action)? 4. Would you like more information about how and what types of garbage you can compost, reuse, and recycle in order to reduce the amount of garbage that you need to get 74 rid of? 46. A total of 90% of the FGD participants acknowledged the importance of 3R to the environment. The participants and community representatives expressed their support if the government formulate policies of 3R and implement them determinedly with coordinated measures and facilities. 47. As for how to promote 3R in Baishan, 92.5% of the respondents consider that individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in their communities. 98% of the respondents believe that environmental education should be conducted in communities and schools. But most of them don’t think lack of facilities is the main reason people litter on the streets. Half of respondents consider that the government could do better to address the garbage issue and an official award/penalty system can be introduced. Table 18: Attitude to Solid Waste Management No. Yes % 1 Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my 92.5 community. 2 Environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. 98 4 People throw garbage on the streets or litter because they have no other means of 23 getting rid of (disposing of) their garbage. 5 The local government is not doing enough to fix the garbage problem. 51.5 6 It is better for sorting and collection of different waste in household if an official 86.5 award/penalty system can be introduced

48. Both the HS and FGDs presented that most people are willing to classify their solid waste, but either they do not know how, or there are no waste sorting facilities at all. The public enthusiasm about 3R could be transferred to public awareness if channeled properly. Suggestions to strengthen public awareness and public participation are presented in Table 19. Table 19: Suggestions to Strengthen Public Awareness and Participation

No. Suggestions It is better to sort domestic garbage at garbage resource such as household, restaurants, units and companies. Trashes or bins for garbage sorting should be provided for residents and communities. 1. Sorting The knowledge about sorting should be taught in school and community through all kinds of channels such as booklet/flyer, lecture, workshop, and public media. Food waste should be collected separately to reduce environment pollution;

2. Organic Waste Organic waste should not be mixed with other solid waste; Treatment Promote the use of household waste shredder to reduce organic waste; government subsidy and is suggested.

3. Hazard Waste Hazard waste collection system should be established;

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Treatment The knowledge about hazard waste should be taught in school and community through all kinds of channels such as booklet/flyer, lecture, workshop, and public media. Solid waste management is one of tasks of community management. 4. Community Community committee should strengthen solid waste management and should Management be supported by the local ESD and street administrative offices.

5. Sanitation Sanitation workers training. Workers 3R knowledge lectures for residents in community and students in school should be organized regularly; 6 . 3R Knowledge A simple and quick-learned method of classification should be printed as and Environment household flyers for free; Protection Media campaigns and other public activities that help spread the idea of 3R should be adopted. 7. Institution An official award/penalty system should be introduced and implemented Establishment strictly ;

5.1.4 Willingness to Pay

49. In Baishan, the present monthly fee for solid waste collection, disposal and cleaning is CNY2-5 each household. No participants in the FGDs considered the existing charge unaffordable. However, according to the ESD, only 70 to 80% solid waste management fee can be collected. Some residents and units tried to find any reason to refuse to pay the fee. 80% of the FGDs participants believed that the improvement of solid waste management would help collect management fee; and they are willing to pay more for a better solid waste management service. According to the estimated results provided by the economist of the PPTA, the average willingness to pay (WTP) for monthly solid waste fee is CNY27.51 per household under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels in Baishan. Therefore, as long as the solid waste management was improved effectively, raising solid waste rate properly on current level would be feasible. However, the poor expressed that more expensing on waste management will affect their life, plus they don’t make as much as waste as the non-poor. The participants in the FGDs have come to an agreement that the poor and other disable-households should be exempt from it.

5.1.5 Positive and Negative Impact on Local Residents

50. The direct output of this component will be the environment improvement and the consequent living standard improvement of the residents who live in the project area. Since most of the residents’ appeals and suggestions (sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2) are already included in the present project design, launching this project will meet people’s demands to the full extent, and benefit them in many ways, including (i) environmental improvement and consequent living standard improvement; (ii) higher civilization level with increasing 3R popularization and public participation; and (iii) more opportunities of employment and income increasing directly by the Project and indirectly by economic growth promotion.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

5.1.6 Negative Impact on Local Residents

51. The negative impact of this component on local residents would come from two aspects. One is the land acquisition of landfill. Another is that the new solid waste management might raise management fee. 52. Negative impact of land acquisition on affected villagers in Minhua Village of Qidaojiang Town in Hunjiang District was analyzed in a resettlement plan. 53. In section 5.1.4, it is concluded that local residents are willing to pay for a better service, and a proper increase of solid management fee will not compromise most people’s affordability. For the poor, an exemption or a subsidy mechanism regarding waste management charging system should be established to minimize the negative impact on them.

5.2 Baicheng ISWM System

54. The Baicheng ISWM system component will be implemented including (i) sorting kitchen garbage, recyclable garbage and other garbage at garbage resource in selected sub-districts by adding garbage trashes and transport trucks; (ii) improving solid waste collection by constructing 12 garbage collection stations; and (iii) sorting garbage in a landfill by establishing a garbage comprehensive treatment plant in Taobei District, urban Baicheng. A solid waste management improvement plan will be developed during the project implementation. It will target the sustainable development in urban sanitation, environmental protection and health improvement in the project area. The direct beneficiaries of this component will be all the residents living in Taobei District. The key benefits include: (i) by investing in new sanitation facilities such as public garbage tanks and trucks to help 0.52 million people gain access to a better and sustainable living environment; (ii) by managing waste disposal to minimize environmental impact; and (iii) by public participation to promote public awareness of sustainable environmental and health development.

5.2.1 Situation and Problems of Garbage Management System

In Baicheng, the municipal environmental sanitation division (ESD) is responsible for the garbage cleaning and collecting in Taobei District. As the same as that in Baishan, fixed garbage dumping points are close enough to every residential building in every community. The garbage transport chain is the same as that in Baishan as well (Figure 3). To date, no sorting programs or any recycling programs have ever launched in Baicheng.

Carts Garbage Vehicle

Solid Garbage Tanks Collection Stations Landfill Waste Garbage Vehicle

Figure 3: The Existing Garbage Transport Chain in Taobei of Baicheng 55. Baicheng ESD has five garbage collection stations, four out of them are in operation

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report including Yuehua, Mafang, Tiehe and Law Court. There are in total forty-six vehicles in use, including five sweeping vehicles, two cleaning vehicles, seven compression vehicles, one bulldozer, two tractor shovels, and other necessary vehicles and equipment. Neither the quality nor the quantity of these vehicles and equipment meet the demand for cleaning and transferring solid waste in Taobei. The insufficiency of equipment and underdeveloped entire solid waste system cause the following environmental risks:

● Without sorting and sorting facilities, mixed domestic garbage is collected and transported to a landfill. Only part of paper products, plastic and glass would be recycled spontaneously by local residents for selling to special waste stuff collection stations.

● Lack of compression transport equipment result in secondary pollution during collecting and transferring, inefficiency and high cost of transfer, and irregular garbage removal.

● No garbage trucks could be sealed to avoid garbage falling around during transfer.

● Existing snow removal trucks and other facilities are not functional enough to meet the cleaning needs.

5.2.2 Residents’ Opinions and Suggestions

56. The results of the HS showed that only 16% of respondents expressed their disappointment and dissatisfaction about the environmental sanitation of urban Taobei. Their dissatisfaction (poor and very poor) about street sanitation, the sanitation of their own neighborhood and the complaint mechanism are between 9% and 14% as presented in Table 20. It showed that most of respondents were satisfied with current solid waste management of Baicheng. Table 20: General Attitude to the Environmental Sanitation of Baicheng (%) Very Very G ood Average Poor Good Poor 1. General environmental sanitation of 5.0 29.5 49.5 13.5 2.5 urban Taobei 2.Street sanitation 11.5 35.0 44.5 8.0 1.0 3. Environmental sanitation of my 12.0 35.5 38.5 13.0 1.0 neighborhood 4. Complaint mechanism about 11.5 26.5 32.5 20.0 9.5 environmental sanitation

57. As for solid waste management in Taobei, street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s main concerns. Table 21: Main Issues of Existing Solid Waste Management in Baicheng (%)

Very Very Main Issues G ood Average Poor Good Poor 1 Street watering 0.5 5.0 15.0 29.5 38.0 2 Snow removal in winter 9.0 30.0 28.5 20.0 12.0 3 The amount of trash bins 2.5 23.0 43.0 22.5 9.0

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Source: The household survey report of the Project. 58. According to the FGD reports, the garbage transport chain (Figure 3) and existing issues of waste management are quite similar as those in Hunjiang of Baishan, including: (i) the garbage carts are not big enough to contain all the garbage, there are always garbage thrown away on the ground; (ii) without collecting in time, food waste would smell, especially in summer; (iii) most of the garbage vehicles are worn-out and leaking, which makes streets filthy and smelly; (iv) restaurants dump their food waste to residential garbage carts, which pollutes the environment of community; and (v) since there is no facilities for snow removal, all the snow cleaning work with intensity has to be conducted by hands. 59. Based on the HS and FGDs, the complaints of residents for the improvement of solid waste management in Baicheng are concluded summarized as follows in Table 22. Table 22: Appeals of Residents for Improvement of ISWM

No. Appeals and Suggestions 1 Increase garbage bins and carts for residents, restaurants 2 Renew or upgrade garbage vehicles 3 Increase snow removal facilities 4 Improve garbage colleting service 5 Improve street watering

5.2.3 Family Garbage Disposal and 3R Awareness

60. According the HS, no more than 20% of the respondents knew of 3R. Men are more knowledgeable about 3R than women. Non-Dibao and Non-poor knew better about 3R than Dibao and the poor. Table 23: Knowledge about 3R Knownlege of Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-poor Men Women 3R Yes 17.5 0 19.4 10.0 19.4 24.6 14.7

61. Although there is no recycling system of solid waste in Baicheng and not more than 20% of respondents are knowledgeable of 3R, they have been used to collecting recyclable waste like paper products, glass and plastic bottles for sell. There are specialized solid wastes collectors in every community that actually help implement 3R and maintain the sanitation at the same time. 62. According to the household survey report, the majority of the interviewed households sell the recyclable waste like paper products, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal (specific data are presented in Table 24). Due to the lack of recycling mechanism, hazardous waste such as battery, paint, expired medicine is dumped directly with other garbage together. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more. There is a small number of people dump their garbage on the street or in the yard. According to the FGD reports, more than half of the participants claim that they collect and sell all kinds of recycled waste. Table 24: Family Garbage Disposal Types of Garbage Sl el Dump Other

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Garbage Dump O n the (Specify) In Yard Bins Site Street 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.Food waste 1 38.5 50 1 8 1.5 2.Paper/cardboard 85 3.5 0 6 3 2.5 3.Plastic and rubber 80.5 12 7.5 0 4 2 4. E-waste (household electrical appliances, 88 1 0.5 0 0.5 10 computer, cell phone, etc.) 5. Metals 89.5 2 1 0 0 7 6. Glass 33.5 28.5 25 0.5 3 9.5 7. Old clothing 28 9.5 19 0.5 0.5 42.5 8. Hazardous waste 3.5 38 48.5 0.5 5 4.5 63. Most of the respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper products, glass and plastic bottles for sell. A total of 94.5% of the respondents expressed that they would be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate trash bins for collection purposes even without any income if a recycling program was set up. 65.5% of the respondents would like to know more information about how and what types of garbage they could compost, reuse and recycle. Table 25: Attitude to 3R To the following questions, please answer with either: Yes , % Yes, no, or don’t know. 1. I have collected paper (book, magazine or paper boxes) and bins (glass and plastics) 97.5 from my home garbage and then sell to garbage collectors for many years. 2. 3R is very important, and a good way to save natural resource and protect environment, 94.5 3. If a recycling program was set up, would you be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes(even without any income 94.5 for your action)? 4. Would you like more information about how and what types of garbage you can compost, reuse, and recycle in order to reduce the amount of garbage that you need to get 65.5 rid of?

64. As for how to promote 3R in Baicheng, a total of 96.5% of the respondents considered that Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my community. 96.5% of the respondents believed that environmental education should be conducted in communities and schools. But only 34.5% of them thought lack of facilities would be the main reason people litter on the streets. 58.5% of respondents considered that the government could do better to address the garbage issue. The majority like to support that an official award/penalty system can be introduced. Table 26: Attitude to Solid Waste Management Questions Yes , % Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my 96.5 1 community. 2 Environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. 96.5 People throw garbage on the streets or litter because they have no other 34.5 4 means of getting rid of (disposing of) their garbage. 5 The Local Government is not doing enough to fix the garbage problem. 58.5 It is better for sorting and collection of different waste in household if an 90 6 official award/penalty system can be introduced

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 65. 90% of the FGD participants acknowledged the importance of 3R to the environment. The participants and community representatives expressed their support if the government formulate policies of 3R and implement them determinedly with coordinated measures and facilities. 66. Both the HS and FGDs presented that most people are willing to classify their solid waste, but either they do not know how, or there are no waste sorting facilities at all. The public enthusiasm about 3R could be transferred to public awareness if channeled properly. Suggestions to strengthen public awareness and public participation are presented in Table 27. Table 27: Suggestions to Strengthen Public Awareness and Participation

No. Suggestions It is better to sort domestic garbage at garbage resource such as household, restaurants, units and companies. Trashes or bins for garbage sorting should be provided for residents and communities; 1. Sorting The knowledge about sorting should be taught in school and community through all kinds of channels such as booklet/flyer, lecture, workshop, and public media. Food waste should be collected separately to reduce environment pollution;

2. Organic Waste Organic waste should not be mixed with other solid waste; Treatment Promote the use of household waste shredder to reduce organic waste; government subsidy and is suggested.

Hazard waste collection system should be established; 3. Hazard Waste The knowledge about hazard waste should be taught in school and community Treatment through all kinds of channels such as booklet/flyer, lecture, workshop, and public media. Solid waste management is one of tasks of community management. 4. Community Community committee should strengthen solid waste management and should Management be supported by the local ESD and street administrative offices. 5. Sanitation Sanitation workers training. Workers 3R knowledge lectures for residents in community and students in school should be organized regularly; 6 . 3R Knowledge A simple and quick-learned method of classification should be printed as and Environment household flyers for free; Protection Media campaigns and other public activities that help spread the idea of 3R should be adopted. 7. Institution An official award/penalty system should be introduced and implemented Establishment strictly ;

5.2.4 Willingness to Pay

67. In Baicheng, the present monthly fee for solid waste collection, disposal and cleaning is CNY2-5 each household. No participants in the FGD considered the existing charge unaffordable. 80% of them believe that the improvement of solid waste management would

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report help collect management fee; and they are willing to pay more for a better solid waste management service. According to the estimated results provided by the economist of the PPTA, the average WTP for monthly solid waste fee is CNY27.51 per household under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels. Therefore, as long as the solid waste management was improved effectively, increasing solid waste rate properly on current level would be acceptable. However, the poor expressed that more expensing on waste management would affect their life, plus they don’t make as much as waste as the non-poor. The participants in the FGDs have come to an agreement that the poor and other disable-households should be exempt from it.

5.2.5 Positive Impact on Local Residents

68. The Baicheng ISWM system component targets urban solid waste management modernization, sustainable development, environmental protection and health improvement. The direct output of this component will be the environment improvement and the consequent living standard improvement of the residents who live in the project area. Since most of the residents’ complaints and suggestions (sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2) are already included in the present project design, launching this component will meet people’s demands to the full extent, and benefit them in many ways, including (i) environmental improvement and consequent living standard improvement; (ii) higher civilization level with increasing 3R popularization and public participation; and (iii) more opportunities of employment and income increasing directly by the Project and indirectly by economic growth promotion.

5.2.6 Negative Impact on Local Residents

69. The negative impact of this component on local residents would come from two aspects. One is that the new solid waste management might raise management fee. Another is the impact of the landfill on the residents living the 5th Group of Baomin Farm (original Daqintala village). 70. In section 5.2.4, it is concluded that raising solid management fee properly will not compromise most people’s affordability, and they expressed clearly that they are willing to pay for a better service. For the poor, an exemption or a subsidy mechanism regarding waste management charging system should be established to minimize the negative impact on them. 71. Daqintala used to be a village in Horqin Grassland in 1950s. To date, it has been already replaced by Baomin Farm for decades and grassland has been changed to rice farmland, but the name of Daqintala is preserved. No Mongolians are living in the farm but Han farm workers. 72. An existing landfill has been affecting their life for eight years severely by offensive odor, plastic bag pollution, dust, noise, and etc. For the last few years, the pollution on underground water has been felt by the villagers since they use groundwater for both of drinking and irrigating. However, no official inspection, examination and evaluation on the underground water quality have been conducted so far. Currently, the underground water quality is their major concern among all the issues caused by the landfill. Detailed description about the issues caused by the landfill is presented in Table 28. Table 28: Key Issues Caused by the Landfill Issues and R anking by Season Specific Influence Concerns magnitude

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Shallow underground water is undrinkable at all. The quality of deeper Underground water 1 All the year well water is uncertein. The underground pollution water is used for drinking an irrigating in Baomin Farm. Offensive odor 2 Spring, Seve er from spring to autumn, no way to summer and avoid or prevent. autum n Plastic bags 3 Spring mainly A ll over the land have to be picked up before the farmland is planted in spring. Dust from the 4 All the year S evere whenever windy, have to have landfill window shut. Noise of garbage 5 All the year Loud and annoying vehicles 73. The landfill has not done any good to the village and villagers. The existing landfill will be closed in one or two years, which partly solve the problems of offensive odor, plastic bags and dust. However, the underground water pollution will keep going worse if there is not any substantive improvement for leachate from organic garbage. 74. To mitigate the effects of the landfill on villagers, a scheme and measure system shall be considered. The existing landfill has no equipment to collect and treat leachate that may cause odor and underground water pollution problems. This landfill will be closed by covering earth and other materials, which should solve the odor problem. However, the underground water pollution can’t be solved with a simple method. It is required that the project implementing unit should examine the quality of the underground water surrounding the existing landfill, especially the area near Baomin Farm. 75. A new landfill was constructed completely near the existing landfill. The new landfill is equipped with a gas and leachate collection and treatment system. The leachate will be treated with a set of equipment and make the leachate meet standards required for its discharge. In addition, organic garbage (most of them are from residues of kitchens or foods) will be separated or sorted from other solid waste before its discharge into the new landfill as designed by the component, which will avoid odor production.

5.3 Water Supply Management in Baishan

76. The Baishan water supply services component includes (i) building water transmission pipeline for Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District, respectively; and (ii) building a water supply treatment plant and water distribution piping network for Hunjiang. It will considerably improve the water supply services of Baishan. The direct beneficiaries of this component will be a part of the residents living in Hunjiang and all the residents in Jiangyuan District, particularly the people in urban Hunjiang District. The key benefits include: a newly built water plant for 0.16 million people in Hunjiang; and a new and safer water source for 0.27 million people in Jiangyuan District. Moreover, the environment and people’s health will be improved as well.

5.3.1 Complaints for Water Supply Improvement

77. According to the survey results, the overall comments on the existing water supply in Baishan are not high in terms of the all indicators of water quality and water service (Table 29). More than 30% of the respondents considered that the color, taste, cleanliness, 24/7 service and pollution are either poor or very poor.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Table 29: Comments on Existing Water Supply Based on Household Survey (%) Very Good G ood Average Poor Very Poor 1. Color 6 26.5 33.5 18.5 15.5 2. Taste 5.5 25 35.5 19 15 3. Smell 6 26.5 39 16 12.5 4. Cleanliness 5.5 25 31 21.4 17 5. 24/7 service 4 27 35 20.5 13.5 6. Water pressure 7 36 33 14.5 9.5 7.Pollutants 9 24.5 27.5 22 17 78. Similar conclusions have been drawn from the FGDs in Hunjiang and Jiangyuan that water pressure, water quality, water failure and no notice in advance are the key issues of the existing water supply in Baishan. Table 30: Dissatisfaction with Water Supply Based on FGDs (%) Main Problems about Water Quality and Water Service in Hunjiang and Jiangyuan District 1. Low water Pressure No water during water consuming peak time (like cooking time); L ow water flow; Taking 2 hours for water-store at night in Hunjiang. 2. Bad water quality Unknown impurities and pollutants in water; Bad taste with boiling tea; W ater turbid in summer in Jiangyuan. 3. Frequent water failure Water tank needed to store water for water failure 4. Bad service Few notice prior to water failure 79. The HS showed that only 12.5% of the interviewed households said that they have never experienced water failure. 53% of respondents reflected that water failure happened once a month on average. There was no notice prior to water failure in 40.7% of the cases. 86.8% of the cases, water failure lasted within 12 hours. To cope with frequent water failure, 94.1% of the poor and 83.9% of the non-poor have water tank at home to store water for cases of water failure. 12.1% of the non-poor claimed that they would buy water during water failure which the poor families would never do. Table 31: Water Failure and Its Impact Based on Household Survey (%) Water Failure and Its Impact on Residents % 1.Very often 23 2.Twice a month on average 11 Frequency of water failure 3. Once a month on average 53 4. Never happened 12.5 1. All the time 35.8 Notice Prior to Water Failure 2 . Sometimes 23.5 3. Never 40.7 1.W ithin 6 hours 46.7 2- . 6 12 hours 40.1 Water Failure Duration 3. 12-24 hours 11 4. More than 24 hours 2.2 1.H ave a water tank home to store water in case 85.8 How to Cope with Water Failure 2 . Carry water from other neighborhood 4.4 3.B uy water 9.8

80. It is found out that most of the local residents have the awareness of water conservation even though there are very few campaigns for water saving in their communities. For ordinary people, water saving equals money saving (Quoted from the participants in Hunjiang FGD). It

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report explains that 77% of the interviewed households reuse water for water saving with no difference between poor and non-poor. Table 32: Water Conservation Method Vote , % 1. Water reuse 77 2. Use water-saving devices at home 9.5

5.3.2 Concerns about the New Water Supply System

81. The critical concern about the coming new water supply system is water price. 80% of the respondents worry that the water rate will be raised. 33.5% of them worry that land occupation, noise and dust by civil works for pipe installation might affect their life. Table 33: Concerns about the New Water Supply System (%) All HHs 1. Water rate and cost increased 80 2. Land occupation, noise, dust, and other negative impact during construction 33.5 3. Other 7

5.3.3 Water Consumption and Willingness to Pay

82. In Baishan, the present water rate is CNY2.5-3 per ton. Based on the survey, 86.5% of interviewed households have water meter installed. More non-Dibao and non-poor households have installed water meter than Dibao and the poor households. Similarly, Non-Dibao and non-poor households consume more water and spend more on water than Dibao and the poor households as well. Overall, the water consumption each household is 5.3 ton/month, and monthly water cost is CNY16.7 per month. Table 34: Water Meter and Consumption (%) All Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Together 1.Water Meter Installed 86.5 69.2 89.1 72.5 90.0 2.Water consumption (ton/month) 5.3 3.5 5.5 3.9 5.6 3.monthly cost (Yuan/month) 16.7 10.5 17.4 12.8 17.5

Table 35: Willingness to Connect Based on Household Survey (%) Willing to Connect Poor Non -Poor Both Together Yes 100.0 90.6 92.5 No 0 9.4 7.5

83. Based on the HS, a total of 92.5% of the respondents are willing to have the new water supply connected. The other 7.5% (all come from non-poor households) expressed that they are satisfied with the existing water supply. Since the poor are living in relatively poor communities with poorer facilities, they support the new water supply more than the non-poor. Moreover, 91.5% of the residents are confident to afford to pay the bill. 84% of the respondents want the water supply to be improved to benefit their families. Table 36: Confidence to Pay

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Confidence to Pay Dibao Non-Dibao Both Together % 96.2 95.0 95.1 Note: The number of Dibao HHs is 26, while the number of non-Dibao is 159, and the total is 185.

Table 37: Main Reasons that People Agree to Pay for the Service Both Why We Want to Pay Dibao Non-Dibao Together I want the water supply to be improved, it will benefit %6 84. 84.0 84.1 my family Water cost is not a problem for my failily % 38.4 23.1 25.3 As a responsible citizen, I would like to contribute to %3 42. 41.7 41.8 my environment I worry about the health risk caused by polluted river % 53.8 46.2 47.3

84. The FGDs showed that the local residents are willing to pay more for better water quality and better service. According to the estimated results provided by the economist of the PPTA team, the average WTP for water supply is CNY4.13 per ton under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels of all sampled residents in Baishan, which is lower than water rate of CNY4.88 per ton priced by the Project. For non-poor households, if the water rate is priced as CNY4.88 per ton, the monthly water cost would be CNY27, which accounts for only 0.75% of their monthly family income (annual non-poor family income is CNY42,456). It will not affect non-poor’s life. However, in the same situation, the monthly water cost would be CNY19, which accounts for 2.6% of their monthly family income (annual poor family income is CNY8,684). It will possibly bring poor families extra financial burden.

5.3.4 Positive and Negative Impact

85. The construction and operation of the water transmission pipelines for Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District, new water supply treatment plant and water distribution piping network for Hunjiang, will bring a comprehensive improvement to the water supply service in Baishan. All of the residents’ complaints and requirements for water service (section 5.3.1) will be met to the full extent, and further substantially improve local people’s life standard. Specifically, the positive impact in terms of water service itself includes: (i) water quality will be improved; (ii) water pressure will be increased; (iii) frequent water failure will be solved; and (iv) water service will be improved. In addition, the component will create jobs opportunities and promote income increasing. 86. The negative impact of this component on local residents will come from two aspects. One is the land acquisition. Another is that the new water supply system might raise water rate and increase the family water cost accordingly. Considering the low income status of the poor, an exemption mechanism or a government subsidy system is suggested to be established when the operation of the new water supply starts. 87. Negative impact of land acquisition on affected villagers in Shangdianzi Village of Hekou Street of Hunjiang District was analyzed in a resettlement plan for land acquisition and resettlement of this component.

5.4 Urban Roads and Municipal Services in Baicheng

88. The Baicheng Urban Roads and Municipal Service component includes building nine (9)

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report roads with associated facilities in Xijiao Street. Most part of this project area is now farmland and rural residence. The new road network will connect the urban town and the rural area in the west suburb of Baicheng together. It will considerably improve the local infrastructure and accelerate the urbanization process. The direct beneficiaries of this component will be all the rural residents living in Xijiao Street of Taobei District. The key benefits include: traffic improvement; public transportation improvement; and more traffic convenience. Moreover, the living environment will be improved as well.

5.4.1 Comments on Local Traffic

89. The satisfaction with local traffic is quite low. Only 8% of the respondents expressed that they are quite satisfied with the local traffic. 37% of the respondents are not satisfied with the traffic in the project area. Compared to males, the comments from females are slightly better. Table 38: Satisfaction with Local Traffic (%) Quite Somewhat No Both Together 8 55 37 Male 8 48 44 Female 8 62 30

90. The overall traffic condition in the project area is relatively poor since it is located in undeveloped countryside. Bad road condition is voted as the most severe issue in traffic by 54% of the respondents. Indiscriminate parking, poor street lighting, bad condition of sidewalk, lack of traffic signs and lights, mix of motorized and non-motorized are serious problems by more than or close to 50% of the respondents. 36% of the respondents complain about the lack of public transportation. Compared to other more urgent traffic issues, the demand for public transport is not very strong, simply because most of the local residents live and work in a small circle. Specific comments on traffic issues are presented in Table 39. Table 39: Major Traffic Problems Traffic (%) Major Minor Not a Issue problem problem problem 1. Difficult for pedestrians to cross the road 23.0 47 30 2. Lack of traffic signs/lights 45 36 17 3. Jaywalking 49 32 18 4. Indiscriminate parking 52 28 18 5. Mix of motorized and non-motorized traffic 44 37 17 6. Bad Road conditions 54 33 12 7.The conditions of sidewalks are poor/pot-holes/muddy or 47 33 19 slippery for pedestrians 8.The conditions of sidewalks are poor/pot-holes/muddy or 44 32 21 slippery for cyclists 9. Lack of sidewalks for pedestrians 41 36 21 10 .Lack of bicycle lanes 40 36 21 11 . Poor street lighting 51 39 10 12 .Frequent traffic jams 27 29 43 13 .Lack of public transport 36 31 32 14 .High cost of public transport 18 28 52

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

5.4.2 Traffic Mode

91. The main traffic tools in Xijiao Street are bus, bicycle and motorcycle. The difference between the poor and non-poor, male and female is not much. Since most local rural residents live within a radius of 2 kilometers, they do not spend much time on going to work, school and other daily activities. The average time consumed by going to work, school and shopping is 22, 14 and 27 minutes, respectively. 92. The traffic safety FGD carried out at Baoping Primary School showed the similar results as the HS. Since the school is located in walking distance from where students live, the students go to school by walking. Teachers like to take bus, private car or walk to school. Although bus-taking is not students’ major traffic mode, public transport is still in demand for students who go to the schools in urban towns. Table 40: Traffic Mode Based on Household Survey (%)

Bicycle Motorcycle Bus Private car Walking Total 31 18 34 2 13 Poor 35 15 35 0 10 Non -Poor 30 18.8 33.8 2.5 13.8 Male 24 22 32 2 16 Female 28 14 36 2 10 Table1 4 : Traffic Time Based on Household Survey (%)

Purpose Time Consumed Go to work 22 Go to school(children) 14 Daily shopping 27

5 .4.3 Positive Impact

93. A total of 92% of the respondents considered that they would benefit from the component. More than 90% of the respondents believed that they would benefit from more convenient and faster transport, better living environment and quality and public transport improvement. 85% of the respondents believed that they would benefit from more opportunities of job or business and property value increase. 94. The direct output of this component will be a new urban road network with improved traffic conditions, which will generate a number of positive impacts. The improved road network and traffic conditions could benefit all residents from both the project and non-project areas. The general positive impacts include: (i) better access to urban town. The present traffic conditions in the project area are all undeveloped farmland and rural residential places. The component will integrate the whole development district together; (ii) more public transport service. With road network improvement and urbanization, local governments will provide more public transportation services in the project area. Since bus-taking is the top one of traffic mode, local people will benefit more from public transportation improvement; (iii) less traffic safety risk. Sidewalks, traffic lights, street lights, non-motorized vehicle lanes and traffic management systems have been included in the component design. All these could enable pedestrians and cyclists enjoy safer walking and biking. Accordingly, the risk of traffic

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report accident will be reduced; and (iv) economic growth and urbanization promotion. Improved local infrastructural facilities, more convenient traffic and municipal services will promote urbanization and regional economic growth, and create more employment opportunities as well. Table 42: If Benefit from the Project (%)

Attitude Yes No No Idea Total 92 6 2

Table 43: Positive Impacts of the Project (%)

Positive Impacts % 1. More convenient and faster transport (for shopping, going to school or work, 98 entertaining, going to public services (like hospital) 2. More opportunities of job or business 85 3. Public transport improvement 94 4. Value increasing of property 84 5. Better living environment and quality 97 6. Higher economic rent return 68

5.4.4 Negative Impact and Traffic Safety

95. According to the HS, the key concern about the component might bring is traffic safety risk (Table 44). 50% of the respondents, women in particular, worry that traffic safety would be the issue the component could bring. 96. All the traffic issues people complained about such as poor street lighting, mix of non-motor with motor lane that are leading to traffic safety risk. The component is designed with proper street lighting, sidewalk, non-motor lane and motor lane separated, which surely will reduce traffic safety risk in the project area. Other traffic safety issues like indiscriminate parking will not be the safety risk with improved traffic management. Table 44: Negative Impacts of the Project (%)

Negative Impacts %

1. Traffic safety problems 50 2. Not convenience for pedestrian or bicycle travel 29 3. More traffic costs 39 4. Air or noise pollution 30 5. Less opportunities of job or business 39 6. Higher house rent 2 97. The traffic safety was the main topic in the FGD carried out at Baoping Primary School. The traffic safety of students has been a primary concern in school. Teachers take care of the students leaving every day after school. So far there has not been any traffic accidents happened at school. The teachers believed that the risk would be reduced if the new road network could divert the traffic. 98. There is safety education once a week in the school. Every Friday, the students have a

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report safety class regarding traffic safety, food safety, environmental safety. Traffic safety awareness and knowledge have been introduced to teaching content for years. Both of the teachers and students believed that educational activities about traffic safety would be welcomed at school. Moreover, children with good traffic behavior will definitely have a positive effect on their parents. 99. To mitigate traffic safety risk, the newly opened road network will stress public safety awareness education to reduce traffic safety risk. The project implementing agency (IA) and local governments should pay more attention to traffic safety education and have a detailed program to conduct in communities and schools.

6. POVERTY ANALYSIS

6.1 OVERALL POVERTY PROFILE

100. To ensure the basic livelihood of urban and rural residents, the P.R. China instituted a subsistence security system for urban residents in 1999 and for rural residents in 2007, which specifically are called Urban Minimum Living Standard Scheme (UMLSS, or Urban Dibao) and Rural Minimum Living Standard Scheme (RMLSS, or Rural Dibao). As urban poverty line, Urban Minimum Living Standard (UMLS) varies over time and regions. Based on the local economic development, deferent municipal government promulgates its own regulations and the Minimum Living Guarantee Line (MLGL). People are defined as urban poor if their per capita monthly income is less than the MLGL. The urban poor are entitled to basic subsistence allowances. Since 2007, more and more rural poor (whose income under rural poverty line) have been covered by RMLSS. As their urban peers, the rural poor covered by RMLSS are entitled rural basic living allowances. In practice, like UMLS, Rural Minimum Living Standard (RMLS) varies over time and regions as well. Rural poverty lines in most of developing areas are lower than the latest issued national rural poverty line (CNY2,300 per person per year in 2011) in different degrees. Based on the above official standards, the urban poor and rural poor in the following tables and contexts of this section are defined as the people covered by UMLSS and RMLSS (Dibao). 101. According to the list latest released in 2012 by the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, eight counties in Jilin province are designated as poverty-stricken counties, among which 50% belong to Baishan and Baicheng, including Jingyu County of Baishan, and Zhenlai County, Tongyu County and Da’an City of Baicheng. Table 45: Urban Poverty Status in Project Areas (January 2013) Urban Poor Urban Per Capita Urban Poor in Urban Urban Poor Poverty Line Area Subsidy (person) Population (household) (CNY/month) (CNY/month) (%) Jilin Province 884,427 5.99 537,861 291 239.56 Baishan 109,938 12.47 69,069 280 221.98 Hunjiang 33,683 12.94 19,147 280 200.1 District Jiangyuan 24,065 9.87 14,127 280 172.78 District Baicheng 79,582 10.23 45,564 297 206.69 Taobei District 28,451 9.74 15,923 297 208.99 Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn, the official website of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC. Civil Bureau of Baishan

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

and Baicheng. 102. In 2012, a total of 537,861 households and 884,427 urban residents in Jilin province enjoyed subsistence allowances for urban poor. The urban MLS line of Jilin, Baishan and Baicheng are CNY291, 280 and 297, respectively. The total number of the urban poor in Baishan and Baicheng enjoying the subsistence allowances in January 2013 were 109,938 and 79,582, respectively, accounting for 12.43% and 9% of the total urban poor of Jilin province. 103. As presented in Table 45 and Table 46, Baishan and Baicheng held much higher urban and rural poverty incidence than provincial level. The urban poverty line in Baishan was slightly lower than the provincial average and the urban poverty line in Baicheng was slightly higher than the provincial level. The rural poverty lines in Baishan and Baicheng were CNY1,560 per year and CNY1,600 per year, respectively. With the rapid economic growth, the urban and rural poverty lines in the project areas were increased by 16% and 10%, respectively in the past two year. However, the urban and rural poverty lines are still lower than the national urban average of CNY330 per month and the rural average of CNY2,186 per year. Table 46: Rural Poverty Status in Project Areas (January 2013) Rural Poor in Rural Poor Rural Poverty Per Capita Rural Poor Area Rural (househol Line Subsidy (person) Population (%) d) (CNY/Year) (CNY/month) Jilin Province 783,214 6.15 567,283 1,730 111.71 Baishan 43,359 10.89 35,403 1,560 96.35 Hunjiang 8,290 11.91 6,221 1,560 112.62 District Jiangyuan 6,015 9.17 4,071 1,560 124.25 District Baicheng 97,960 8.02 78,506 1,600 88.28 Taobei District 22,206 9.71 17,516 1,600 95.23 Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn, the official website of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC. Civil Bureau of Baishan and Baicheng.

6.2 POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM IN PROJECT CITIES

104. According to the key informant interviews, the FGDs and the annual reports of civil affairs bureaus of Baishan and Baicheng, unemployment, diseases, physical disability, and lack of labor are the main reasons for being poor households in the project cities (see Table 47). In Baishan and Baicheng, the underemployed and unemployed accounted for 76.1% and 72.6% of total urban Dibao, respectively.

Table 47: Urban Poor Classification in Project Areas (January 2013) Urban Dibao Senior Disabled Three Underemployed & Underage City/District Population Citzen (person) ”no” Unemployed (person) (person) (person) Baishan City 109,027 9,828 885 13,744 82,973 12,273 Hunjiang 33,264 3,557 202 3,818 25,405 4,041 Jiangyuan 24,062 1,498 103 2,419 18,747 2,861 Baicheng City 79,086 4,259 499 13,457 57,440 8,183

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report

Taobei 28,038 895 189 4,515 20,377 3,146 Data Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn, the official website of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC.

Table 48: Dibao Allowance in Project Areas (January 2013) Aggregate Aggregate Rural Per Expenditure on Urban Per Capita Expenditure on Capita Urban Subsistence Rural Area Subsistence Subsistence Allowances Subsistence Allowances Allowances (CNY/month) Allowances (CNY/month) CNY10,000 CNY10,000 Jilin Province 21,187.7 239.56 7,546.2 96.35 Baishan 2,440.4 221.98 488.3 112.62 Hunjiang 674 200.1 103 124.25 Jiangyuan 415.8 172.78 53.1 88.28 Baicheng 1,644.9 206.69 932.9 95.23 Taobei 594.6 208.99 140.6 63.32 Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn, the official website of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC. Civil Bureau of Baishan and Baicheng. 105. The poverty alleviation work in the project areas of Baishan and Baicheng has been implemented by the civil affairs bureau, poverty relief office (focus on rural poverty alleviation), women’s federation (focus on women poverty alleviation) and other departments concerned. To date, Dibao has become the most important social safeguard system of poverty alleviating in China. Based on financial capability, local governments allocate funds for the Dibao. In the project areas in January 2013, 12.94% of the urban residents in Hunjiang District and 9.74% of the urban residents in Taobei District have been covered by Dibao, and they receive CNY 200 and 209 of subsistence allowance each month in Hunjiang and Taobei, respectively. The per capita spending on rural poor is only half of the urban poor (see Table 48). Besides cash allowance, the governments at all levels have implemented plenty of projects to improve poor people’ life and help them relieve from poverty.

6.3 POVERTY PROFILE IN SURVEY AREAS

106. Considering that the withdrawal mechanism of Dibao is not sound, the analysis of survey results assumed that the respondents whose incomes are the lowermost portion (20%) are the poor. As predicted, in all three project areas, some of the poor households are not covered by Dibao, on the other hand, some families whose income are basically normal are still covered by Dibao. In this report, both of the data of Dibao and the poor are used to analyze the characteristics of poor people in project areas. 107. Based on the survey in Hunjiang of Baishan, 26 out of 200 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounting for 13%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, “5 bao1”, education and some other temporary subsidy are received by a few Dibao households. In Taobei of Baicheng, 20 out of 200 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounting for 10%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, disease subsidy is received by a few Dibao households. In Xijiao Street, 15 out of 100 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounted for 15%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, medical subsidy, water and electricity subsidy are received by Dibao households.

1 “5 Bao” is also called “five guarantees family”, means that the aged, the infirm, the disabled, old widows and orphans are taken care of by the government in five ways which are food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 108. There are significant differences between the poor and non-poor in many aspects, including demographics, income and housing status, education level, health status and etc. (1) Older on Average 109. In all three project areas, the average age of the poor group is higher than the non-poor group. In Hunjiang of Baishan and Taobei of Baicheng, the average age of the urban poor is less than 50. The average age of rural poor is 54 years old. Table 49: Age of the Poor Age of the Poor and Hunjiang, Baishan Taobei, Baicheng Xijiao Street, Taobei Non -Poor Poor Non -Poor Poor Non -Poor Poor Non -Poor Male 50 46 50 47 55.7 45.9 Female 47 43 50 46 53.2 45.2

(2) Low Income and Poor Housing Status 110. According to the survey results, in all three project areas, Dibao households have lower percentage of owned homes. 111. In Hunjiang of Baishan, the average annual family income of the poor is CNY8,684, and the mean of annual family income of the non-poor is CNY43,456. As presented in Table 50, the poor households hold lower income than Dibao households in term of mean value and median value. The survey results about family assets and expenditure have drawn the same conclusions. In Taobei of Baicheng, the average annual family income of Dibao is CNY14,005, higher than the income of the poor of CNY11,250. The mean value of annual family income of non-Dibao and non-poor are CNY46,393 and CNY51,130, respectively. In Xijao Street of Taobei, the average annual family income of Dibao is CNY21,920, much higher than the income of the poor of CNY9,840, and the mean of annual family income of the non-poor is CNY42,300. As other project areas, the poor households hold lower income than Dibao households. But there is no much significant difference between the family assets and expenditure of Diabo and the poor households. Table 50: Annual Income (CNY)

Component Value Total Dibao Non -Dibao Poor Non -Poor Mean 36,642 19,542 39,212 8,684 43,456 Hunjiang, Baishan Midian 30,000 9,200 30,000 9,600 30,000 Mean 43,154 14,005 46,393 11,250 51,130 Taobei, Baicheng Midian 30,000 12,000 35,000 10,000 36,000 Mean 35,808 21,920 38,259 9,840 42,300 Xijiao Street, Taobei Midian 30,000 20,000 30,000 10,000 30,000

(3) High Unemployment 112. The unemployment among Dibao and the poor are much higher than the non-Dibao and non-poor. The unemployment is more severe among male members than female in Dibao or poor households. In Dibao or poor households, fewer people engage in formal occupation. Women in particular, work as short-time hired labors. (4) Low Education and Health Status 113. In all three project areas, significantly, poor people or Dibao family members have

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report lower education than non-poor or non-Dibao. Moreover, non-poor people or non-Dibao family members have significantly better health than non-poor or non-Dibao. (5) Cause of Poverty 114. In all three project areas, lack of labor, disease, unemployment and disabled are their main claimed causes that people are stuck in poverty. Table 51: Claimed Causes of Poverty (%) Claimed Causes of Poverty Hunjiang, Baishan Taobei, Baicheng Xijiao Street, Taobei Disease of Family Members 50.0 40 33.3 Disabled Family Members 34.6 30 20 Lack of Labor 65.4 70 40 Low Education Level 30.8 20 13.3 Unemployment 34.6 65 33.3

6 .4 OVERALL POVERTY REDUCTION ROLE OF THE

PROJECT

6.4.1 Increase Direct and Indirect Jobs and Income

115. The Project will create jobs during its construction and operation. In the project construction in Baishan, labors will be needed to conduct civil works and equipment installation for the construction of the water supply plant and landfill, and pipeline laying. In the project construction in Baicheng, job opportunities will be brought by the construction of the road network and landfill. In the project operation, labors will be hired for management, maintenance, and services of the urban solid waste management, water supply plant, urban road network, and other facilities built by the Project. 116. Both of the official data and the survey data showed that the underemployment and unemployment are the key reasons that make local residents poor, offering jobs will definitely and effectively reduce the poverty in project areas. 117. In total, the project components will provide 3,370 full-time jobs during four years construction and 321 full-time jobs during operation. All the jobs, in particular the ones requiring no special skills and unskilled, will give priority to the poor and women. Based on the current wage level of temporary workers in construction works in Jilin Province, skilled workers will be paid more than CNY100 per day, and unskilled workers will be paid more than CNY80 per day. The jobs brought by the Project will effectively increase the poor’s income. During the operation, vulnerable groups in project areas will be given priority to obtain jobs such as swiping, cleaning, meter reading, water rate collecting, etc after being trained. The detail job position and income created by each component are presented in Table 52 and 53.

Table 52: Employment and Income Creation of Each Component during Construction

Direct Indirect Tech - Job Component Subproject Skill Unskilled Subtotal Income Income Manager Position position position position position CNY position CNY

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report million million Construction I. Streamlining of Landfill, ISWM in Collection 12 26 84 122 2.930 138 3.961 Baishan Stations and Sorting Plant Construction II. Streamlining of Collection ISWM in 4 10 30 44 1.046 49 1.413 Stations and Baicheng Sorting Plant Water Supply III. Water Supply 25 55 170 251 6.016 282 8.120 Services in Plant Baishan Pipelines 71 142 497 711 16.957 800 23.034 Road and IV. Roads Bridge 125 251 878 1,255 29.921 1,411 40.647 Network in Construction Baicheng Related 99 361 528 988 53.033 1,111 32.004 Infrastructures Total 337 846 2,187 3,370 109.903 3, 791 109.178 Source: Calculation based on investment of each component in the feasibility study reports of the Project. Table 53: Employment and Income Creation of Each Component during Operation

Direct Component Tech -Manager Skill Unskilled Subtotal Income position position position position CNY million I. Streamlining ISWM in 1 21 45 67 1.9884 Baishan II. Streamlining ISWM in 1 26 39 66 1.9908 Baicheng III. Water Supply Services 6 49 20 75 2.4432 in Baishan IV. Roads Network in 11 11 91 113 3.3300 Baicheng Total 19 107 195 321 9.7524 Source: Calculation based on scale of new facilities or information in the feasibility study reports of the Project..

6.4.2 Improve Living Environment and Reduce Incidence of Diseases

118. By means of efficient solid waste management and water supply, the urban environment and hygienic conditions in Baishan and Baicheng would be improved effectively. The improvement of urban environmental hygiene and cleaner drinking water will improve people‘s health by reducing incidence of diseases. The poor would benefit more from improved sanitation and cleaner water supply, simply because compared to non-poor, the health status of the poor are relatively lower, and they are more vulnerable to diseases as well. Accordingly, the medical cost would be reduced. 119. In the FGDs on local solid waste management and water supply services, participants didn’t think some diseases were caused directly by existing garbage collection method and tap water. Although they complained about dirty garbage collection sites near their apartment buildings in residence communities, dispersed garbage on ground, bad smell, and many fly on garbage in summer, they didn’t think their sick in the past year were caused directly from the dirty environment. Almost the same to drinking water, they concerned for

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report polluted water source would cause health problems, and thought the untreated spring water tasted better than the tap water, but they didn’t think the existing tap water really caused their health problems in the past years. The results of the HS also didn’t show the correlation between respondents’ sick in the past year and the existing solid waste management and water supply services. The reason caused the results is life habits of local people. They like to eat heated food and drink boiled water.

6.4.3 Boost Economic Growth and Reduce Poverty

120. The launching of the Project will improve the urban environment by solid waste management component, boost urbanization by road network construction and safe drinking water supply, and improve people’s heath level. Further, the changes that the Project brings will promote the city image, optimize the investment environment and tourism environment, and ultimately improve urban competitiveness. Other than the job opportunities created by the Project, the improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness will attract more investments and more industries, which will significantly increase job opportunities and reduce the poverty in Baishan and Baicheng.

7. GENDER ANALYSIS

7.1 OVERALL GENDER PROFILE

121. Over the past ten years, the gender ratio (male to female) in the project areas have dropped into relatively normal range with 104 in Baishan and 102 in Baicheng. Based on the poverty classification statistics in January 2013, urban women poor accounted for 51.5% of the urban poor in Baishan and 53.6% in Baicheng; rural women poor accounted for 47.9% of the rural poor in Baishan and 44% in Baicheng.

Table 54: Urban Poor Classification in Project Areas (January 2013) Urban Dibao Rural Dibao City/ F emale F emale Population Population District (person) (person) (person) (person) Baishan City 109,027 56,124 43 ,212 20 ,707 Hunjiang 33,264 16,784 8,9 28 4,3 18 Jiangyuan 24,062 12,668 6,5 01 2,9 99 Baicheng City 79,086 42,365 98 ,448 43 ,271 Taobei Dist. 28,038 14,883 22 ,173 118 ,06

Data Source: http://www.mca.gov.cn, the official website of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC.

7.2 GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY REVIEW

122. Over the last decade, Chinese governments at all levels have proclaimed and publicized a series of programs for Chinese Women's Development. Women's rights and interests have been integrated into national economic and social-development plans. Several

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report additional and related laws and regulations have been implemented. As a result of these initiatives and laws, Chinese women's status has been improved in political, economic and social aspects. 123. Since the National Program on the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020) (the New Program) was issued by the Chinese government in August 2011, gender equality has become a basic state strategy of China. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of the basic state strategy of gender equality and the all-round development of Chinese women. The New Program is a part of China’s policy program for the protection of human rights. It sets 57 major targets. The targets cover seven fields, namely, (i) health, (ii) education, (iii) economy, (iv) political participation, (v) social security, (vi) environment and (vii) law. Altogether, 88 policy measures are called for to ensure implementation of the New Program. In a nutshell, the New Program highlights a new starting point of historic significance in China’s endeavor to protect women’s rights and promote women’s development. 124. In accordance with the requirements of central government and provincial government, a series of policies and programs aiming at women development and gender mainstreaming have been implemented in Baishan and Baicheng. The aim of all the policies and programs is to let vulnerable groups of women enjoy equal rights and equal access to opportunities and social welfare. 125. As the primary executive unit, local Women’s Federation Association (FWA) has been in charge of most of the program implementing. All programs and related activities aim at protecting the rights and welfare of women and children in both urban and rural areas. FWA is the appropriate organization that help the project achieve the gender development goal. The EA and IAs, with the support of the local FWA and other government authorities, shall organize community environment and sanitation education, garbage sorting management, traffic safety, water conservation and drinking water safety campaign for women and children, and offer skill training and job opportunities to the women.

7.3 WOMEN PROGRAM IN PROJECT CITIES

126. From 2000 to 2010, the Program on Women’s Development (I) had been implemented in Baishan and Baicheng. The Program on Women’s Development, hereinafter referred to as the “the Women Program”, was issued to ensure equality for women in exercising their rights in accordance with the law, and in participation in economic and social development. The Women Program is fully in accordance with the relevant provisions in the National Program on the Development of Chinese Women and the 10th Five-year Plan in Jilin Province. 127. The implementation of the Women Program (I) was evaluated in 2011. 87% of the detailed goals had been achieved in (i) employment, (ii) participation in decision and management, (iii) education, (iv) health, (v) law, and (vi) environment. The second 10-year Program on Women’s Development (II) (2011 to 2020) has started to implement, which continues to focus on the improvement of women’s living standard, social status, and the process of gender mainstreaming. 128. In addition, the women’s federations at all level have launched various programs and projects to improve women’s development and accelerate the progress of gender mainstreaming in accordance with their own specific conditions in Baishan and Baicheng, summarized as follows. (1) Employment Promotion

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report (i) Baishan:  “5511” Project was implemented from 2011, in which included supporting 5,000 women for stockbreeding, 5,000 women for greenhouse planting, 10,000 women for special planting (such as ginseng), and funding CNY100 million;  Helped and recommended 100 women to obtain microcredit, created 300 jobs for women. (ii) Baicheng:  Skill training: vocational skill 16 courses, 1,540 women were involved in 2012;  CNY35 million microcredits issued and CNY24.47 million discount government loans for 3,656 women, created 6,325 jobs for women in 2012. (2) Poverty Alleviation (i) Baishan:  Theme programs for helping poor women and children, single mothers with donation of CNY369,850;  Supporting poor women by discount government loans;  9 handicraft training courses for 260 poor women in 2012, commercial and technical school is designated as the handicraft training base for poor single mothers;  Free inspection of breast cancer and cervical cancer for rural poor women for 2,484 women in 2011. (ii) Baicheng:  Four skill training courses for helping 200 poor single mothers funded by Women Federation of Beijing in 2012;  Theme programs for raising CNY3.25 million and helping 5,247 women and 400 poor girls;  Free examination of breast cancer and cervical cancer for rural poor women for 5,600 women in 2012, free treatment for 20 female patients of breast cancer and cervical cancer.

7.3 POSITIVE IMPACTS ON WOMEN

7.3.1 Employment Promotion

129. Based on the survey, in Baishan, the unemployment rate of women is higher than men. More women, especially in Dibao and poor households, work as unstable short-time hired labors. In general, the main income source in family is still men. But in some poor households women have to support the family by themselves. In Baicheng, the rate of laid-off or unemployment is pretty high too. The unemployment is more severe among women than men in Dibao or poor households. In Dibao or poor households, very few women engage in formal occupation.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 130. The Project will create jobs during its construction and operation. Skilled and unskilled labors are both required. Since women have the same education level and health status as men in project areas, no extra training is necessary particularly for women. All the jobs, in particular the ones requiring no special skills, will give priority to the poor and women. The job opportunities the project offers will increase women’s employment level and long-term development. Considering physical conditions, women are suggested to take 20%-30% of the jobs. Women, poor women in particular, will benefit in income increasing and capacity building.

7.3.2 Life Burden Relief

131. According to the water supply FGDs in Baishan, women are responsible for daily life. The low water pressure, frequent water failure and no notice of water failure in advance have seriously affected their life. To cope with the water supply issues, many of them have to store water for daytime use during the night. Two hours estimated on average will be saved if the water supply service could get improved by the Project.

7.3.3 Women’s Participation Promotion

132. To promote public participation, a series of campaigns and activities will be conducted by the local government and IAs during the construction and operation. Women as the main party will make the outcome of participation more effective. For instance, the survey results showed that women take care of the garbage dumping at home either in poor or non-poor family and men are more knowledgeable about 3R than women, which will make women a better target group for 3R and environmental protection campaigns.

7.5 GENDER ACTION PLAN

133. ADB has prioritized this project for gender mainstreaming. Consequently, a gender action plan (GAP) has been developed to enhance gender impacts. The GAP addresses: (i) equality of project benefits and opportunities designed to share between men and women; (ii) systematic approaches created to reduce gender disparities in the project areas; (iii) sex disaggregated data collection before, during, and after the project implementation; and (iv) female representation increase in the decision-making process at all management levels. The project implementing units shall implement the GAP during the project construction and the GAP implementation will be monitored by an independent agency and reported to ADB by the executing agency (EA). The GAP is presented as a separate appendix.

8. ETHNIC MINORITY

8.1 OVERALL ETHNIC MINORITY PROFILE

134. At present, as the major ethnic minority, approximately 50,000 Korean are living in Baishan; most of them are living in Changbai Korean Autonomous County. Han consists of the main population in urban Baishan, Hunjiang District. A small number of Manchu, Korean

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report Hui and Mongolian are composed of the ethnic minorities. As urban residents, minorities in Baishan do not have much particular cultural and living characteristics from Han people, in particular Manchus, the majority of ethnic group. In the household survey of Hunjiang Baishan, eight out of 200 sampled households, or 4% of the total sampled households are ethnic minorities, including five Manchus, one Korean, one Mongolian and one Hui. 135. In Baicheng, there are 138,600 ethnic minorities including 78,000 Mongolians and 51,000 Manchus, account for 6.9% of the total population. Most of the minorities, especially Mongolian, are living in rural counties. Ethnic minorities in Taobei District are widely scattered and mostly integrated into Han in terms of socioeconomic characteristics and cultural custom, in particular Manchu. In the household survey of Xijiao Street, seven out of 100 sampled households are ethnic minorities, including three Manchus, two Mongolians, one Korean and one Hui. In the household survey of Taobei District, 13 out of 200 sampled respondents are minorities including eight Manchus, three Hui, one Korean and one Mongolian. Ethnic minority was analyzed as a separate group in the solid waste management component survey report, no much significant difference from Han has been found.

8.2 IMPACTS BY LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

136. According to resettlement plans of the Project, land acquisition and resettlement in the Baishan components will affect 146 people, including 2 Manchus, while in the Baicheng components, it will affect 1,768 people, including 43 ethnic minority people, mainly Manchus and Mongolian. Most of the affected minority persons are married with Han persons in the project area. They are living in the same social environment with Han people and have the similar cultural activity and understand Chinese well. Their households’ economic levels are similar to pure Han households in the project area. Affected ethnic minority people will be compensated for the land acquisition and resettlement in the same standards with Han people in the project area as addressed in resettlement plans. In addition, their livelihood recovery will be monitored and evaluated during the project implementation.

8.3 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

137. Main negative impacts of the project on local ethnic minority people are land acquisition and resettlement. However, the affected ethnic minority people are quite few, and they are living in the same society with Han people and have similar cultural and economic activities. In addition, they will be compensated for the land acquisition and resettlement. Therefore the directly negative impacts are little and controlled. However, all ethnic minority people living in Hunjiang District of Baishan, and Taobei District and Xijiao Street of Baicheng will be benefited by the Project in (i) improved water quality and services; (ii) improved sanitation environment by upgrading urban solid waste management; and (iii) improved road network and public transportation. In addition, they will have opportunity to be employed by the Project during the construction and operation. 138. Therefore, no indigenous people development plan and specific action is required considering the ethnic minority distribution and characteristics in the project areas.

9. SOCIAL RISKS AND MANAGEMENT

139. To achieve zero adverse impact of the bank’s policy, the potential social issues and risks that the project brings should be addressed. The potential social issues and management suggestions are the follows.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 9.1 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT

140. The risks caused by land acquisition and resettlement were analyzed in the resettlement plans prepared for each component of the Project. Land acquisition will cause potential income lose of affected farmers, while house demolition will affect normal life of affected people and community change. 141. Based on public consultation, compensation standards for land acquisition and house demolition have confirmed. The compensation will be based on full replacement values of affected physical structures and assets. In addition, practical measures to promote livelihood restoration of affected people are prepared and will be implemented during the project construction in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Monitoring and evaluation on implementation the resettlement plans will be conducted by IAs and external monitoring agencies.

9.2 LANDFILL IMPACT CONTROL IN BAICHENG

142. In Baicheng, the existing landfill has been affecting normal life of people living near the landfill by offensive odor, plastic bags, dust, noise, and etc. The existing landfill has no equipment to collect and treat leachate that may cause odor and underground water pollution problems. For the last few years, the pollution on underground water has been felt by the residents in Baomin Farm since they use underground water for both of drinking and irrigating. This landfill will be closed by covering earth and other materials, which should solve the odor problem. However, the underground water pollution can’t be solved with a simple method. Currently, underground water quality is the residents’ major concern among all the issues caused by the landfill. It is required that the project implementing unit should examine the quality of the underground water surrounding the existing landfill, especially the area near Baomin Farm. 143. A new landfill was constructed completely near the existing landfill. The new landfill is equipped with a gas and leachate collection and treatment system. The leachate will be treated with a set of equipment and make the leachate meet standards required for its discharge which will control new pollution of underground water. In addition, organic garbage (most of them are from residues of kitchens or foods) will be separated or sorted from other solid waste before its discharge into the new landfill as designed by the component, which will avoid odor production. 144. To guarantee the safety of drinking and irrigating water, an inspection or evaluation is recommened to be conducted as soon as possible. And to mitigate the overall negotive impacts of the landfills on residents surrounding the landfills in Baishan and Baicheng, a specific and feasible scheme and measure system shall be considered diring the project dsign, and practical measures shall be taken during the project construction. 145. According to the national standard of «Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Garbage Landfill» (GB16889-2008), underground water quality of landfills must be monitored. An environmental management plan (EMP) has prepared for the Project, which include the measure to monitor and anlyze the quality of underground water near the project landfills. The EMP will be implemented by Ias during the project construction and operation. Local environment monitoring agency will be responsible for the moniroting and analysis.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11 (TA 8172-PRC) Final Report 9.3 AFFORDABLITY AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY

146. In Baishan, if the water rate is priced as CNY4.88 per ton as the project designed, the monthly water cost would account for 2.6% of poor family’s income. It will possibly bring poor families extra financial burden. Considering the low income status of the poor, an exemption mechanism or a government subsidy system is suggested to be established to minimize the negative impact on the poor. 147. Similarly, an exemption mechanism or a government subsidy system is suggested as well to mitigate the effects of solid waste management fee rising to the poor in Baishan and Baicheng.

9.4 TRAFFIC SAFETY

148. To mitigate traffic safety risk, the newly opened road network will stress public safety awareness education to reduce traffic safety risk. The project implementing units and local governments should pay more attention to traffic safety education and have a detailed program to conduct in communities and schools in Taobei District of Baicheng. 149. During the pipe installation and civil work, the local traffic is affected by various vehicles, earthmoving, construction materials and equipment, working workers. Traffic congestions and traffic safety problems might be raised. The EA and project implementing units shall cooperate with local traffic police departments and community organizations near the work sites in preparation of practical measures to reduce traffic accidents. Special attentions shall be paid to the work sites near schools Hunjiang and Jiangyuan districts of Baishan.

9.5 SOCIAL ACTION PLAN

150. A social action development plan (SDAP) will be prepared for the project implementation. Any positive impacts shall be enhanced and implemented by project implementing units and related agency, while all the above social risks to be caused by the Project and all the vulnerabilities of the poor and women shall be considered in the SDAP. The project implementing units shall implement the SDAP during the project construction and the SDAP implementation will be monitored an independent agency and reported to ADB by the EA. The SDAP is presented as a separate appendix.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Supplementary Appendix 11B Social Economic Survey Report

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY REPORT

Table of Contents

1. SUMMARY OF SURVEY ...... 1 2. SURVEY RESULT ANALYSES ...... 1 2.1 Basic Information ...... 1 2.1.1 General Information of Respondents ...... 1 2.1.2 Percentage of Owner Occupied Homes ...... 3 2.1.3 Education Level of Different Groups...... 4 2.1.4 Health Status of Different Groups ...... 5 2.1.5 Occupation of Different Groups ...... 6 2.1.6 Income, Expenditure and Assets ...... 8 2.2 Perception and Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Baishan ...... 12 2.2.1 General Attitude to the Component ...... 12 2.2.2 Family Garbage Disposal ...... 13 2.2.3 Existing solid waste management system ...... 14 2.2.4 General Attitude to 3R and Solid Waste Management ...... 14 2.3 Perception and Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Baicheng ...... 15 2.3.1 General Attitude to the Component ...... 15 2.3.2 Family Garbage Disposal ...... 15 2.3.3 Existing Solid Waste Management System ...... 16 2.3.4 General Attitude to 3R and Solid Waste Management ...... 16 2.4 Perception and Evaluation of Water Supply in Baishan ...... 17 2.4.1 General Attitude to Existing Water Supply ...... 17 2.4.2 Water Failure and Water Conservation ...... 18 2.4.3 Concerns about the New Water Supply System ...... 18 2.4.4 Water Consumption ...... 19 2.4.5 Willingness to Pay ...... 19 2.5 Perception and Evaluation of Road Network Construction in Baicheng ...... 20 2.5.1 General Comments on Local Traffic ...... 20 2.5.2 Traffic Mode ...... 21 2.5.3 Positive and Negative Impacts ...... 21 3. CONCLUSIONS ...... 22

Tables:

Table 1: General Information of Respondents in Hunjiang, Baishan ...... 1 Table 2: General Information of Respondents in Taobei, Baicheng ...... 2 Table 3: General Information of Respondents in Xijiao Street, Taobei ...... 3 Table 4: Percentage of Owner Occupied Homes in Project Areas (%) ...... 4 Table 5: Education Level of Different Groups in Project Areas (%) ...... 4 ii

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report Table 6: Heath Status of Different Groups in Project Areas (%) ...... 5 Table 7: Occupation of Different Economic Group (%) ...... 7 Table12: Annual Government Subsidy (CNY)...... 11 Table13: Claimed Causes of Poverty (%) ...... 11 Table14: Age of the Poor ...... 12 Table 15: General Attitude to the Environment of Baishan ...... 12 Table 16: General Attitude to the Solid Waste Management in Baishan ...... 12 Table 17: Who Is Doing the Dumping Job at Home? ...... 13 Table 18: How to Deal with Garbage? ...... 13 Table 19: Knowledge about 3R ...... 14 Table 20: Attitude to 3R ...... 14 Table 21: Attitude to Solid Waste Management ...... 14 Table 22: General Attitude to the Environment of Baicheng ...... 15 Table 23: General Attitude to the Solid Waste Management in Baicheng ...... 15 Table 24: Who Is Doing the Dumping Job at Home? ...... 15 Table 25: How to Deal with Garbage? ...... 16 Table 26: Knowledge about 3R ...... 16 Table 27: Attitude to 3R ...... 17 Table 28: Attitude to Solid Waste Management ...... 17 Table 29: Attitude to Existing Water Supply Services (%) ...... 17 Table 30: Frequency of water failure (%) ...... 18 Table 31: Notice Prior to Water Failure (%) ...... 18 Table 32: Water Failure Duration (%) ...... 18 Table 33: How to Cope with Water Failure (%) ...... 18 Table 34: Water Conservation (%) ...... 18 Table 35: Concerns about the New Water Supply System ...... 18 Table 36: Water Meter and Consumption ...... 19 Table 37: Willingness to Connect...... 19 Table 38: Confidence to Pay...... 19 Table 39: Main reasons that people agree to pay for the service ...... 19 Table 40: Main Reasons that People Do Not Agree to Pay for the Services ...... 20 Table 41: Satisfaction with Local Traffic (%) ...... 20 Table 42: Major Traffic Problems Traffic (%) ...... 20 Table 43: Traffic Mode (%) ...... 21 Table 44: Traffic Time (%) ...... 21 Table 45: If Benefit from the Project (%) ...... 21 Table 46: Positive Impact of the Project (%) ...... 21 Table 47: Negative Impact of the Project (%) ...... 22 Table 48: Knowledge and Support ...... 22

Figures:

Figure 1: Occupation of Male and Female In Hunjiang of Baishan ...... 6 Figure 2: Occupation of Male and Female in Taobei of Baicheng ...... 7

iii

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

1. SUMMARY OF SURVEY

1. The objectives of the household survey (HS) during the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) for the Jilin Urban Development Project (Project) are to collect primary data and information on social issues and respondents’ opinions on the Project. The data and information will be used to construct a socioeconomic profile of the intended clients/ beneficiaries and other key affected groups, to analyze potential impacts of the Project on local social development and the target groups, and to assess the target groups’ needs and opinions in regard to the solid waste management, water supply services, and road network construction in the project areas, Baishan City and Baicheng City of Jilin Province. 2. The HS was conducted in eight urban subdistricts of Hunjiang District of Baishan City and ten urban subdistricts of Taobei District of Baicheng City, respectively, in July 2013. These subdistricts will be affected directly by the Project. A stratified sample was applied in this survey to ensure reasonably reliable independent estimates. The sample size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the stratum. The HS mainly focused on family information, perception and evaluation of Baishan and Baicheng’s development and project impacts. 3. The HS samples consist of three groups, including (i) 200 beneficiary households in Baishan for both solid waste management and water supply services in Hunjiang District, (ii) 200 beneficiary households for solid waste management in Taobei District of Baicheng, and (iii) 100 beneficiaries’ households for road network in Xijiao Street of Taobei District. A total of 500 questionnaire copies were handed out, and 500 valid copies were recovered, with a validity rate of 100%. The survey data was analyzed using the software SPSS19.0. It is worth pointing out that the bottom income group (20% of the lowest) is classified as the poverty group.

2 SURVEY RESULT ANALYSES

4. The total 500 sampled households are divided into three (3) groups based on the project components and project areas. In each group, the sampled households are divided further into four subgroups including (i) Dibao and Non-Dibao; (ii) Poor and Non-poor; (iii) Male and Female; and (iv) Han and ethnic minorities. Since no significant difference has been found between Han and ethnic minorities, all the analysis in this survey report and a separate poverty and social analysis (PSA) report are based on the other three sub-grouped data.

2.1 Basic Information

2.1.1 General Information of Respondents

5. In the whole group of 200 urban respondents in Hunjiang District of Baishan City, females account for 81.5%. 74% of the respondents are 40 to 60 years old, and the average of age is 45. The married account for 81% of the respondents. Eight out of all are ethnic minorities, including five Manchus, one Korean, one Mongolian and one Hui. Ethnic minority is not analyzed as a separate group in this report due to the two following reasons: (i) the sample size is too small; and (ii) as the main ethnic group, most of the Koreans in Baishan are living in Changbai County; the Project will not affect them. Figure 1 in section 2.1.5 showed the occupation of the respondents. Table 1: General Information of Respondents in Hunjiang, Baishan 1

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Attribute Type Basic Situation Sample Size Percentage % Male 39 19.5 Gender Female 161 81.5 30-40 32 17 Age 40-60 137 74 >60 17 9 Han 192 96 Ethnicity Minorities 8 4 Primary School or Below 16 8 Middle School 44 22 Education High School or Vacation School 90 45

College and Above 50 25 Non -Dibao 174 87 Economic Status Dibao 26 13 Married 162 81 Single 11 5.5 Marital Status Widowed 9 4.5 Divorced/Separated 18 9 Note: the occupation of the respondents sees figure1 in section 2.1.5

6. In the whole group of 200 urban respondents in Taobei District of Baicheng City, females account for 71.5%. The age of the respondents ranges between 20s and 60s, and the majority are from 40 to 60 years old, accounting for 74%. The married account for 86% of the respondents. 13 out of 200 respondents are minorities including eight Manchus, three Hui, one Korean and one Mongolian. Ethnic minority is analyzed as a separate group in this subproject report, but no significant difference between minorities and Han has been found. Figure 2 in section 2.1.5 showed the occupation of the respondents. Table 2: General Information of Respondents in Taobei, Baicheng

Attribute type Basic Situation Sample Size Percentage %

Male 57 28.5 Gender Female 143 71.5 <30 14 7 30-40 44 22 Age 40-60 104 52 >60 38 19 Han 187 93.5 Ethnicity Minorities 13 6.5

Primary School or Below 15 7.5 Education Middle School 47 23.5 High School or Vacation School 80 40

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

College and Above 58 29 Non -Dibao 180 90.0 Economic Status Dibao 20 10.0 Married 172 86 Single 12 6 Marital Status Widowed 7 3.5 Divorced/Separated 9 4.5

7. In the whole group of 100 respondents in Xijiao Street, females and males account for 50%, respectively. The age of the respondents ranges between 20s and 60s, and 69% are from 30 to 60 years old. Seven out of all are ethnic minorities, including three Manchus, two Mongolians, one Korean and one Hui. Ethnic minority is not analyzed as a separate group in this report due to the two following reasons: (i) the sample size is too small; and (ii) ethnic minorities are scattered in Xijiao Street with no much particular cultural and living characteristics from Han people, in particular Manchus. The married account for 85% of the respondents. The education level of them is relatively low, 80% of them have been to primary and middle school. Most of the respondents engage in agricultural production. Table 3: General Information of Respondents in Xijiao Street, Taobei

Attribute type Basic Situation Sample Size Percentage %

Male 50 50 Gender Female 50 50 ＜30 8 8.0 30-40 38 38.0 Age 40-60 31 31.0 ＞60 23 23.0 Han 93 93 Ethnicity Minorities 7 7 Primary School or Below 35 35 Middle School 45 45 Education High School or Vacation School 15 15 College and Above 5 5 Non -Dibao 85 85 Economic Status Dibao 15 15 Married 89 89 Single 4 4 Marital Status Widowed 3 3 Divorced/Separated 4 4

2.1.2 Percentage of Owner Occupied Homes

8. In all three project areas, Dibao households have lower percentage of owner occupied 3

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report homes. Table 4: Percentage of Owner Occupied Homes in Project Areas (%)

Component In Dibao Inn No -Dibao

Solid Waste Management and Water Supply Services in Baishan 57.7 88.4

Solid Waste Management in Baicheng 70.0 92.8

Road Network in Xijiao Street, Taobei District of Baicheng 80 94

2.1.3 Education Level of Different Groups

9. In all three project areas, there is no significant difference between the education levels of male and female in three project areas. Apparently, poor people or Dibao family members have lower education than non-poor or non-Dibao. Table 5: Education Level of Different Groups in Project Areas (%)

Hunjiang District (Solid Waste Management Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor and Water Supply Services in Baishan) Primary School or Below 6.8 21.1 5.1 11.5 6.0 Middle School 23.9 42.1 21.7 38.5 21.3 High School or Vocation Male 41.5 36.8 42.0 30.8 43.3 School College and Above 27.8 0 31.2 19.2 29.4 Subtotal 100 100 100 100 100 Primary School or Below 9.7 44.2 6.0 24.1 7.0 Middle School 20.4 44.4 17.9 34.5 17.8 High School or Vocation Female 47.8 11.1 51.8 37.9 49.7 School College and Above 22.1 0 16.7 3.5 25.5 Subtotal 100 100 100 100.0 100.0 Taobei District (Solid Waste Management in Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Baicheng) Primary School or Below 6.1 15.8 5.0 20.7 3.3 Middle School 25.6 52.6 22.4 37.9 23.2 High School or Vocation Male 37.2 31.6 37.9 31.0 38.4 School College and Above 31.2 0 34.8 10.4 35.1 Subtotal 100 100 100 100 100 Primary School or Below 8.7 22.2 7.3 12.8 7.6 Middle School 21.4 38.9 19.7 30.8 19.1 Female High School or Vocation 41.6 38.9 42.1 43.6 41.4 School College and Above 30.9 0 28 12.8 31.9

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Subtotal 100 100 100 100.0 100.0 Xijiao Street, Taobei District (Road Network in Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Baicheng) Primary School or Below 35 47 34 37 34 Middle School 44 40 44 53 42 High School or Vocation Male 16 6 17 10 17 School College and Above 5 6 5 0 7 Subtotal 100 100 100 100 100 Primary School or Below 36 33 36 36 36 Middle School 46 42 45 56 43 High School or Vocation Female 16 25 13 7 16 School College and Above 2 0 2.5 1 2 Subtotal 100 100 100 100.0 100.0

2.1.4 Health Status of Different Groups

10. Based on the survey results showed in Table 6, there is no significant difference between the health status of male and female in three project areas. Apparently, non-poor people or non-Dibao family members have significantly better health than non-poor or non-Dibao. Table 6: Heath Status of Different Groups in Project Areas (%)

Hea lth Status (Solid Waste Management and Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Water Supply Services in Baishan) Good 70.6 15.0 77.7 25.9 78.7 Medium 13.6 15.0 13.4 25.9 11.3 Male Chronic Deceases 11.3 40.0 7.6 29.6 8.0 Disabled or else 4.5 30 1.3 18.6 2 Good 72.4 5.9 79.2 42.9 77.7 Medium 15.7 35.3 13.7 32.1 12.7 Female Chronic Deceases 9.2 47.1 5.4 25.0 6.4 Disabled or else 2.7 11.7 1.7 0 3.2 Health Status (Solid Waste Management in Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Baicheng) Good 81.1 47.4 85.1 51.7 86.8 Medium 12.2 15.8 11.8 27.6 9.3 Male Chronic Deceases 5.0 21.1 3.1 13.8 3.3 Disabled or else 1.7 15.8 0 6.9 0.7 Good 79.1 72.2 79.8 59.0 84.1 Medium 13.3 11.1 13.5 23.1 10.8 Female Chronic Deceases 6.6 16.7 5.6 15.4 4.5 Disabled or else 1.0 0 1.1 2.6 0.6

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Hea lth Status (Road Network in Baicheng) Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Good 78.4 66.7 80.5 73.7 79.5 Medium 12.4 26.7 9.8 15.8 11.5 Male Chronic Deceases 9.3 6.7 9.8 10.5 9.0 Disabled or else 0 0 0 0 0 Good 74.7 58.3 77.3 71.4 75.3 Medium 12.6 16.7 12.0 14.3 12.3 Female Chronic Deceases 11.5 25.0 9.3 7.1 12.3 Disabled or else 1.1 0 1.3 7.1 0

2.1.5 Occupation of Different Groups

11. Based on the survey results in Baishan, the rate of overall laid-off or unemployment is pretty high. 23.1% of the male members and 25.7% of female members (excluding adult children) from the interviewed households are either laid-off or unemployed. Grouped data in Table 7 showed that the unemployment among Dibao and the poor are much higher than the non-Dibao and non-poor. The unemployment is more severe among male members than female in Dibao or poor households. Much more people in Dibao and poor households, women in particular, work as short-time hired labors. 12. More males than females work in enterprises and more females than males are self-employed. The distribution of respondents’ occupation is showed as Figure 1.

Figure 1: Occupation of Male and Female In Hunjiang of Baishan

13. As same as that in Hunjiang of Baishan, the survey results of Taobei of Baicheng showed that the rate of laid-off or unemployment is pretty high too. 13.9% of the male members and 19.9% of female members (excluding adult children) from the interviewed households are either laid-off or unemployed. Grouped data in Table 7 showed that the unemployment among Dibao and the poor are much higher than the non-Dibao and non-poor. The unemployment is more severe among female members than male in Dibao or poor households. In Dibao or poor households, fewer people engage in formal occupation. More males than females work in enterprises and more females than males are self-employed. The distribution of respondents’ occupation is showed as Figure 2.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Figure 2: Occupation of Male and Female in Taobei of Baicheng

14. In Xijiao Street of Taobei of Baicheng, most of the interviewed households engage in agricultural production and small businesses. Table 7: Occupation of Different Economic Group (%) Occupation of Different Groups (Solid Waste Non-Po Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Management and Water Supply Services in Baishan) or Civil servant 0 12.1 0 9.3 Employee of an enterprise 0 28.0 0 29.3 Self-employed 5.0 14.0 7.4 14.0 Farmer 0 6.4 0 6.7 Professional (teacher, lawyer, nurse, Male 5.0 1.9 7.4 1.3 accountant, etc.)

Retired 0 10.2 7.4 9.3 Household duties 10.0 0 3.7 0.7 d- Lai off/unemployed 45.0 20.4 44.4 19.3 Others (including all kinds of part-time) 35.0 10.2 29.6 10.0 Subtotal 100.0 100 100 100 Civil servant 0 0.6 0 0.6 Employee of an enterprise 0 15.0 3.7 15.4 Self-employed 0 6.0 0 6.4 Farmer 0 3.6 0 3.8 Professional (teacher, lawyer, nurse, 0 0 0 0 Female accountant, etc.) Retired 0 8.4 0 9.0 Household duties 18.8 3.0 3.7 4.5 d- Lai off/unemployed 25.0 25.7 33.3 24.4 Others (including all kinds of part-time) 56.2 37.7 59.3 35.9 Subtotal 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Occupation of Different Groups (Solid Waste Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poo

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Management in Baicheng) r Civil servant 0 8.7 0 9.3 Employee of an enterprise 5.3 31.1 13.8 31.1 Self-employed 10.5 16.1 10.3 16.6 Farmer 5.3 1.9 3.4 2.0 Professional (teacher, lawyer, nurse, 0 3.1 0 3.3 Male accountant, etc.) Retired 10.5 21.7 13.8 21.9 Household duties 21.1 0.6 10.3 1.3 d- Lai off/unemployed 31.6 11.8 31.0 10.6 Others (including all kinds of part-time) 15.8 5.0 17.2 4.0 Subtotal 100 100 100 100 Civil servant 0 6.7 0 7.6 Employee of an enterprise 11.1 22.5 15.4 22.9 Self-employed 5.6 9.6 2.6 10.8 Farmer 0 1.1 0 1.3 Professional (teacher, lawyer, nurse, 0 1.1 0 1.3 Female accountant, etc.) Retired 5.6 25.8 28.2 22.9 Household duties 22.2 6.2 7.7 7.6 d- Lai off/unemployed 50.0 16.9 33.3 16.6 Others (including all kinds of part-time) 5.6 10.1 12.8 8.9 Subtotal 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2.1.6 Income, Expenditure and Assets

15. In Hunjiang of Baishan, males contribute more to family income than females, in particular non-poor or non-Dibao households. In poor and Dibao households in Hunjiang Baishan, 42.5% and 19.2% depend on females financially. 16. In general, males contribute more to family income than females in Taobei of Baicheng. In poor households, 35% depend on females financially. 17. In Xijiao Street of Taobei of Baicheng, in 60% of the interviewed households, males contribute as same as females. Males are the main income source in non-poor or non-Dibao households.

Table 8: Proportion of income from male and female (%) Proportion of Income from Total Dibao Non -Dibao Poor Non-Poor M ale and Female 100% from Male 16.5 50.0 11.5 30.0 13.1 Solid Waste Management and Male more/female less 49.5 7.7 55.7 17.5 57.5 Water Supply in Half/half 19.2 17.2 7.5 20.0 Baishan 17.5 Male less/female more 5.5 3.8 5.7 2.5 6.3 8

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Female 100% 13.0 19.2 12.1 42.5 5.6 100% from Male 15.0 30.0 13.3 15.0 15.0

Solid Waste Male more/female less 30.5 10 32.8 10.0 35.6 Management in Half/half Baicheng 38.0 35.0 38.3 30.0 40.0 Male less/female more 7.0 10.0 6.7 10.0 6.3 Female 100% 13.0 15.0 12.8 35.0 7.5 100% from Male 18.0 26.7 16.5 40.0 12.5 Male more/female less 13.0 6.7 14.1 5.0 15.0 Road Network in Half/half Baicheng 60.0 53.3 61.2 45.0 63.8 Male less/female more 5.0 6.7 4.7 5.0 5.0 Female 100% 4.0 6.7 3.5 5.0 3.8

18. Considering that the withdrawal mechanism of Dibao is not sound, the analyses of survey results assume that the respondents whose incomes are the lowermost proportion (20%) are the poor. 19. In Hunjiang of Baishan, it is found that the average annual family income of the poor is CNY8,684, and the mean of annual family income of the non-poor is CNY43,456. As presented in Table 9, the poor households hold lower income than Dibao households in terms of mean value and median value. The survey results about family assets and expenditure have drawn the same conclusions. The distribution of income is presented in Figure 3. 20. In Taobei of Baicheng, the average annual family income of Dibao is CNY14,005, higher than the income of the poor of CNY11,250. The mean value of annual family income of non-Dibao and non-poor are CNY46,393 and CNY51,130, respectively. 21. In Xijao Street of Taobei of Baicheng, the average annual family income of Dibao is CNY21,920, much higher than the income of the poor of CNY9,840, and the mean of annual family income of the non-poor is CNY42,300. As other project areas, the poor households hold lower income than Dibao households. But there is no much significant difference between the family assets and expenditure of Diabo and the poor households.

Table 9: Annual Income (CNY)

Component Value Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Solid Waste N 199 26 173 40 159 Management and Water Mean 36,642 19,542 39,212 8,684 43,456 Supply Midian 30,000 9,200 30,000 9,600 30,000 Services in Baishan Min 2,000 2,000 7,000 2,000 13,000 Max 960,000 240,000 960,000 13,000 960,000 N 200 20 180 40 160 Mean 43,154 14,005 46,393 11,250 51,130 Solid Waste Management in Midian 30,000 12,000 35,000 10,000 36,000 Baicheng Min 2,000 2,400 2,000 2,000 20,000 Max 480,000 36,000 480,000 20,000 480,000 N 100 20 80 Road Network Mean 35,808 21,920 38,259 9,840 42,300 in Baicheng Midian 30,000 20,000 30,000 10,000 30,000 9

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Of which, wage 6,213 11,753 10,922 6,213 11,753 income Of which, seasonal 3,067 6,141 5,680 3,067 6,141 work Of which, agricultrual 9,333 12,176 11750 9,333 12,176 production

Figure 3: Curve of Income in Hunjiang of Baishan

Table10: Annual Expenditure (CNY)

Component Value Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-Poor Solid Waste Management and Mean 30,632 31,381 30,524 12,337 35,234 Water Supply Services in Midian 24,000 10,000 28,000 9,800 30,000 Baishan Solid Waste Mean 25,513 11724 27,045 10,956 29,152 Management in Baicheng Midian 20,000 10,042 22,000 10,000 25,000 Road Network in Mean 25,664 16,760 27,235 15,470 28,213 Baicheng Midian 20,000 10,000 20,000 10,000 30,000

Table1: 1 Family Assets (CNY)

Component Value Total Dibao Non -Dibao Poor Non -Poor Solid Waste Management Mean 178,071 51,013 197,057 52,543 209,453 and Water Supply Services in Midian 155,000 40,150 181000 8,000 182,000 Baishan Solid Waste Mean 219,600 106,285 232,191 230,226 216,943 Management in Baicheng Midian 175,000 70,700 185,000 150,050 185,000 Road Network Mean 189,983 79,160 209,540 85,753 191,045

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

in Baicheng Midian 105,000 81,000 108,000 92,000 107,000

2.1.6 Poverty Profile

22. As predicted, in all three project areas, some of the poor households are not covered by Dibao, on the other hand, some families whose income are basically normal are still covered by Dibao. 23. Based on the survey in Hunjiang of Baishan, 26 out of 200 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounting for 13%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, “5 bao”1, education and some other temporary subsidy are received by a few Dibao households. 24. In Taobei of Baicheng, 20 out of 200 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounting for 10%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, disease subsidy is received by a few Dibao households. 25. In Xijiao Street of Taobei District of Baicheng, 15 out of 100 interviewed households are covered by Dibao, accounted for 15%. Dibao allowances are their main subsidy source. Besides, medical subsidy, water and electricity subsidy are received by Dibao households. Table12: Annual Government Subsidy (CNY)

Project Area C ategory N o. of HH Mean Median Min Max Dibao 25 3,2 78 3,0 00 1,0 00 12 ,600 5 bao 17 61 0 0 1,0 04 Hunjiang, Education 16 4 0 0 60 Baishan O thers 6 207 0 0 0 Total 25 3,6 87 3,0 60 1,0 00 12 ,600

Taobei, Dibao 20 3,7 95 4,0 40 3 6,0 74 Baicheng Disease 20 57 0 0 500 Dibao 15 1,1 86 1,0 20 2 7,0 20

Xijiao, Taobei, Medical 15 13.3 0 0 200.0 Baicheng O thers 15 6.6 100 Total 15 2, 129.3 1,0 50 600 7,0 20

26. In all three project areas, lack of labor, disease, unemployment and disabled are their main claimed causes that people are stuck in poverty. Table13: Claimed Causes of Poverty (%) Xijiao Street, Taobei, Claimed Causes of Poverty Hunjiang, Baishan Taobei, Baicheng Baicheng Disease of Family Members 50.0 40.0 33.3 Disabled Family Members 34.6 30.0 20.0

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Lack of Labor 65.4 70.0 40.0 Low Education Level 30.8 20.0 13.3 Unemployment 34.6 65.0 33.3

27. In all three project areas, the average age of the poor is higher than the non-poor. In Hunjiang of Baishan and Taobei of Baicheng, the average age of urban poor is less than 50. The average age of rural poor is 54 years old. Table14: Age of the Poor Age of the Poor and Xijiao Street, Taobei, Hunjiang, Baishan Taobei, Baicheng Non -Poor Baicheng Poor Non -Poor Poor Non -Poor Poor Non -Poor Male 50 46 50 47 55.7 45.9 Female 47 43 50 46 53.2 45.2

2.2 Perception and Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Baishan

2.2.1 General Attitude to the Component

28. The evaluation that the respondents made for the environment of Hunjiang is not high, 46% of them expressed their disappointment about the environmental sanitation of urban Hunjiang. Table 15: General Attitude to the Environment of Baishan Very Very Good Average Poor Good Poor 1. General environmental sanitation 2.0 9.0 43.0 24.5 21.5 of urban Hunjiang 2.Street sanitation 2.5 16.0 48.0 19.0 14.5 3. Environmental sanitation of my 3.0 18.5 39.0 18.5 21.0 neighborhood 4. Complaint mechanism about 3.5 9.5 38.5 20.0 18.5 environmental sanitation 29. As for waste management in Hunjiang, street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s key concerns. Besides, people are not quite satisfied with garbage management in terms of cleaning and collecting. Table 16: General Attitude to the Solid Waste Management in Baishan

Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor 1. The amount of trash bins 1.0 26.0 41.0 16.5 15.5 2. The distance to trash bins 4.0 45.5 27.5 8.5 14.5 3. Solid waste collection 5.0 36.0 34.5 13.0 11.5

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

4.Garbage transport 5.0 37.0 35.5 11.0 11.5 5. Garbage disposal 5.0 35.0 35.5 12.5 12.0 6.Daily street-sweeping 5.5 27.5 37.0 17.0 13.0 7. Street watering 1.0 9.5 21.0 25.5 43.0 8.Snow removal in winter 4.5 25.5 28.5 18.0 23.5 Others issues that you 9. Garbage cleaning not in time complain about or 10. More trash bins demand (specify) 11. Water pollution

2.2. 2 Family Garbage Disposal

30. Apparently, women take care of the garbage dumping at home either in poor or non-poor family. Table 17: Who Is Doing the Dumping Job at Home?

Who is doing the dumping job % 1. Adult man; 30 2. Adult woman; 76 3. Elderly man; 4.5 4. Elderly woman; 2.0 5. Children 0.5

31. The majority of the interviewed households would sell the recycled garbage like paper product, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal (specific data are presented in Table 18). Due to the lack of recycling mechanism, hazardous waste such as battery, paint, expired medicine is dumped directly without any treatment. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more.

Table 18: How to Deal with Garbage? Dump Other Sell Garbage Dump On the In Yard (Specify) Types of Garbage bins site street 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.Food waste 0 59.5 39 0 0 1 2.Paper/cardboard 74 15.5 7.5 0 0 3 3.Plastic and rubber 76 15.5 5.5 0 0 3 4. E-waste (household 62.5 13 7.5 0 0 17 electrical appliances, computer, cell phone, etc.) 5. Metals 73 16.5 4.5 0 0 6 6. Glass 18 52 26 0 0 4 7. Old clothing 7 39 19 0 0 35 8. Hazardous waste 1.5 57.5 39 0 0 2

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

2.2.3 Existing solid waste management system

32. Monthly fee for solid waste collection, disposal and cleaning is CNY2 to 5 each household. 40% of the respondents express that there has never been any sanitation awareness programs in their community.

2.2.4 General Attitude to 3R and Solid Waste Management

33. Men are more knowledgeable about 3R than women. But there is no significant difference between Dibao and non-Dibao, poor and non-poor. Table 19: Knowledge about 3R Knownlege of Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-poor Men Women 3R Yes 43.5 42.3 43.7 45.0 43.1 56.4 40.4

34. Most of the respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper product, glass and plastic bottles for sell. A total of 92.5% of the respondents express that they would be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes even without any income if a recycling program was set up. 74% of the respondents would like to know more information about how and what types of garbage they could compost, reuse and recycle. Table 20: Attitude to 3R To the following questions, please answer with either: Yes , % yes, no, or don’t know 1. I have collected paper (book, magazine or paper boxes) and bins (glass and plastics) 96.5 from my home garbage and then sell to garbage collectors for many years. 2. 3R is very important, and a good way to save natural resource and protect environment, 96.5 3. If a recycling program was set up, would you be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes(even without any income 92.5 for your action)? 4. Would you like more information about how and what types of garbage you can compost, reuse, and recycle in order to reduce the amount of garbage that you need to get 74 rid of?

35. A total of 92.5% of the respondents consider that Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my community. 98% of the respondents believe that environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. But most of them don’t think lack of facilities is the main reason people litter on the streets. Half of respondents consider that the government could do better to address the garbage issue. 86.5% support that an official award/penalty system can be introduced. Table 21: Attitude to Solid Waste Management Questions Yes % 1 Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my 92.5 community. 2 Environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. 98 4 People throw garbage on the streets or litter because they have no other means 23 of getting rid of (disposing of) their garbage. 5 The Local Government is not doing enough to fix the garbage problem. 51.5

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

6 It is better for sorting and collection of different waste in household if an official 86.5 award/penalty system can be introduced

2.3 Perception and Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Baicheng

2.3.1 General Attitude to the Component

36. The evaluation that the respondents made for the environment of Hunjiang is not bad, 16% of them expressed their disappointment about the environmental sanitation of urban Taobei. Table 22: General Attitude to the Environment of Baicheng Very Very Good Average Poor Good Poor 1. General environmental 5.0 29.5 49.5 13.5 2.5 sanitation of urban Hunjiang 2.Street sanitation 11.5 35.0 44.5 8.0 1.0 3. Environmental sanitation of my 12.0 35.5 38.5 13.0 1.0 neighborhood 4. Complaint mechanism about 11.5 26.5 32.5 20.0 9.5 environmental sanitation 37. As for waste management in Taobei, street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s key concerns. Table 23: General Attitude to the Solid Waste Management in Baicheng Very Good Average Poor Very Poor Good 1. The amount of trash bins 2.5 23.0 43.0 22.5 9.0 2. The distance to trash bins 3.5 28.5 40.0 18.0 10.0 3. Solid waste collection 10.0 50.5 34.0 4.5 1.0 4.Garbage transport 11.0 55.5 27.5 5.0 1.0 5. Garbage disposal 9.0 50.0 28.5 11.5 1.0 6.Daily street-sweeping 8.0 44.0 36.5 10.5 1.0 7. Street watering 0.5 5.0 15.0 29.5 38.0 8.Snow removal in winter 9.0 30.0 28.5 20.0 12.0

2.3.2 Family Garbage Disposal

38. Apparently, women take care of the garbage dumping at home either in poor or non-poor family. Table 24: Who Is Doing the Dumping Job at Home?

Who is doing the dumping job % 1. Adult man 20 2. Adult woman 62.5

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

3. Elderly man 3 4. Elderly woman 13.5 5. Children 1

39. The majority of the interviewed households would sell the recycled garbage like paper product, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal (specific data are presented in Table 25). Due to the lack of recycling mechanism, hazardous waste such as battery, paint, expired medicine is dumped directly without any treatment. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more. There is a small number of people dump their garbage on the street or in the yard. Table 25: How to Deal with Garbage? Dump Other Sell Garbage Dump On the In yard (Specify) Types of Garbage bins site street 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.Food waste 1 38.5 50 1 8 1.5 2.Paper/cardboard 85 3.5 0 6 3 2.5 3.Plastic and rubber 80.5 12 7.5 0 4 2 4.- E waste (household 88 1 0.5 0 o.5 10 electrical appliances, computer, cell phone, etc.) 5. Metals 89.5 2 1 0 0 7 6. Glass 33.5 28.5 25 0.5 3 9.5 7. Old clothing 28 9.5 19 0.5 0.5 42.5 8. Hazardous waste 3.5 38 48.5 0.5 5 4.5

2.3.3 Existing Solid Waste Management System

40. Monthly fee for solid waste collection, disposal and cleaning is CNY2 to 5 each household. 44% of the respondents express that there has never been any sanitation awareness programs in their community.

2.3.4 General Attitude to 3R and Solid Waste Management

41. Men are more knowledgeable about 3R than women. Non-Dibao and Non-poor know better about 3R than Dibao and the poor. Table 26: Knowledge about 3R Knownlege of Total Dibao Non-Dibao Poor Non-poor Men Women 3R Yes 17.5 0 19.4 10.0 19.4 24.6 14.7

42. Most of the respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper product, glass and plastic bottles for sell. A total of 94.5% of the respondents express that they would be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes even without any income if a recycling program was set up. 65.5% of the respondents would like to know more information about how and what types of garbage they could compost, reuse and recycle.

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report Table 27: Attitude to 3R To the following questions, please answer with either: Yes yes, no, or don’t know % 1. I have collected paper (book, magazine or paper boxes) and bins (glass and plastics) 97.5 from my home garbage and then sell to garbage collectors for many years. 2. 3R is very important, and a good way to save natural resource and protect 94.5 environment, 3. If a recycling program was set up, would you be willing to separate waste into separate bags, and dump into separate dustbins for collection purposes(even without 94.5 any income for your action)? 4. Would you like more information about how and what types of garbage you can compost, reuse, and recycle in order to reduce the amount of garbage that you need to 65.5 get rid of? 43. A total of 96.5% of the respondents considered that Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my community. 96.5% of the respondents believe that environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. But only 34.5% of them think lack of facilities is the main reason people litter on the streets. 58.5% of respondents consider that the government could do better to address the garbage issue. The majority support that an official award/penalty system can be introduced. Table 28: Attitude to Solid Waste Management Questions Yes % 1 Individuals should play an important role in the garbage management in my 96.5 community. 2 Environmental education should be taught in communities and schools. 96.5 4 People throw garbage on the streets or litter because they have no other 34.5 means of getting rid of (disposing of) their garbage. 5 The Local Government is not doing enough to fix the garbage problem. 58.5 6 It is better for sorting and collection of different waste in household if an official 90 award/penalty system can be introduced 2.4 Perception and Evaluation of Water Supply in Baishan

2.4.1 General Attitude to Existing Water Supply

44. The overall comments on the existing water supply services in Baishan are not high in terms of the index in Table 29. More than 30% of the respondents consider that the color, taste, cleanliness, 24/7 service and pollution are either poor or very poor. Table 29: Attitude to Existing Water Supply Services (%) Very Very Good Average Poor Good Poor 1. Color 6 26.5 33.5 18.5 15.5 2. Taste 5.5 25 35.5 19 15 3. Smell 6 26.5 39 16 12.5 4. Cleanliness 5.5 25 31 21.4 17 5. 24/7 service 4 27 35 20.5 13.5 6. Water pressure 7 36 33 14.5 9.5 7.Pollutants 9 24.5 27.5 22 17

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

2.4.2 Water Failure and Water Conservation

45. Only 12.5% of the interviewed households said there has never been a water failure. 53% of respondents reflected that water failure happened once a month on average. 40.7% of the cases, there was no notice prior to water failure. 86.8% of the cases, water failure lasted within 12 hours. To cope with frequent water failure, 94.1% of the poor and 83.9% of the non-poor have water tank home to store water in case of water failure. 12.1% of the non-poor claim that they would buy water during water failure, but the poor families would never do. 46. 77% of the interviewed households reuse water for water saving. There is no difference between poor and non-poor families. Table 30: Frequency of water failure (%)

1.Very often 10 times a month on average 23 2.Sometimes Twice a month on average 11 3. Very few Once a month on average 53 4. Never happened 12.5

Table 31: Notice Prior to Water Failure (%)

1 . All the time 35.8 2 . Sometimes 23.5 3 . Never 40.7

Table 32: Water Failure Duration (%)

1 .within 6 hours 46.7 2 . 6-12 hours 40.1 3 . 12-24 hours 11 4. more than 24 hours 2.2

Table 33: How to Cope with Water Failure (%)

Method Total Poor Non -Poor 1.H ave a water tank home to store water in case 85.8 94.1 83.9 2 . Carry water from other neighborhood 4.4 5.9 4.0 3.B uy water 9.8 0 12.1

Table 34: Water Conservation (%) Yes 1. Water reuse 77 2. Use water-saving devices home 9.5

2. 4.3 Concerns about the New Water Supply System

47. 80% of the respondents are concerned that the water rate would be raised. 33.5% of them worried that land occupation, noise and dust by civil work would affect their life. Table 35: Concerns about the New Water Supply System

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Total Poor Non-Poor 1. Water rate and cost increased 80 80 80 2. Land occupation, noise, dust, and other 33.5 37.5 32.5 negative impact during construction 3. Other 7 5 7.5

2. 4.4 Water Consumption

48. The present water rate is CNY3 per ton in Baishan. 86.5% of interviewed households have water meter installed. More non-Dibao and non-poor households have installed water meter than Dibao and the poor households. Similarly, Non-Dibao and non-poor households consume more water and spend more on water than Dibao and the poor households as well. Overall, the water consumption each household is 5.3 ton/month, and monthly water cost is CNY16.7 per month. Table 36: Water Meter and Consumption

Total Dibao Non -Dibao Poor Non -Poor 1.Water Meter Installed 86.5 69.2 89.1 72.5 90.0 2.Water consumption (ton/month) 5.3 3.5 5.5 3.9 5.6 3.monthly cost (Yuan/month) 16.7 10.5 17.4 12.8 17.5

2.4.5 Willingness to Pay

49. A total of 92.5% of the respondents are willing to have the new water supply connected. The other 7.5% (all come from non-poor households) expressed that they are satisfied with the existing water supply. Since the poor are living in relatively poor communities with poorer facilities, they will support the new water supply more than the non-poor. 50. According to the estimated results provided by the economist of the PPTA, the average WTP for water supply is CNY4.13 per ton under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels of all sampled residents in Baishan. Table 37: Willingness to Connect Willing to Connect Poor Non -Poor Total Yes 100.0 90.6 92.5 No 0 9.4 7.5

51. 91.5% of the residents were confident to afford to pay the bill. Table 38: Confidence to Pay Confidence to Pay Dibao(N=26) Non -Dibao(N=159) N=185 % 96.2 95.0 95.1

52. 84% of the respondents wanted the water supply to be improved to benefit their families. Table 39: Main reasons that people agree to pay for the service Why We Want to Pay Dibao Non -Dibao Total I want the water supply to be improved, it will benefit %6 84. 84.0 84.1 my family

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

Water cost is not a problem for my failily %4 38. 23.1 25.3 As a responsible citizen, I would like to contribute to %3 42. 41.7 41.8 my environment I worry about the health risk caused by polluted river %8 53. 46.2 47.3

Table 40: Main Reasons that People Do Not Agree to Pay for the Services Non -Dibao Total Dibao N=14 N=14 I do not really want/need the improved service, % 0 42.9 42.9 because it will not benefit my household The water tariff is too high; I cannot afford it % 0 57.1 57.1 My current water supply system is satisfactory % 0 57.1 57.1 This village has other priority problems which need to % 0 28.6 28.6 be solved before water supply problem I’m not particularly worried about the health risks of 0 14.3 14.3 polluted rivers and surroundings in our area It is an excuse to raise tariff, I boycott such service 0 35.7 35.7 even if I can afford_ 2.5 Perception and Evaluation of Road Network Construction in Baicheng

2.5.1 General Comments on Local Traffic

53. The satisfaction with local traffic is not quite low. Only 8% of the respondents expressed that they are quite satisfied with the local traffic. Compared to males, the comments from females are slightly better. Table 41: Satisfaction with Local Traffic (%)

Quite Somewhat No

Total 8 55 37 Male 8 48 44 Female 8 62 30

Table 42: Major Traffic Problems Traffic (%) Major Minor Not a Issue problem problem problem 1. Difficult for pedestrians to cross the road 23.0 47 30 2. Lack of traffic signs/lights 45 36 17 3. Jaywalking 49 32 18 4. Indiscriminate parking 52 28 18 5. Mix of motorized and non-motorized traffic 44 37 17 6. Bad Road conditions 54 33 12 7.The conditions of sidewalks are poor/pot-holes/muddy or 47 33 19 slippery for pedestrians 8.The conditions of sidewalks are poor/pot-holes/muddy or 44 32 21 slippery for cyclists 10.Lack of sidewalks for pedestrians 41 36 21 20

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

11.Lack of bicycle lanes 40 36 21 12. Poor street lighting 51 39 10 13.Frequent traffic jams 27 29 43 14.Lack of public transport 36 31 32 15.High cost of public transport 18 28 52

2.5.2 Traffic Mode

54. The main traffic tools in Xijiao Street are bus, bicycle and motorcycle. The difference between the poor and non-poor, male and female is not much. Since most local rural residents live within a radius of 2 kilometers, they don not spend much time on going to work, school and other daily activities. The average time consumed by going to work, school and shopping is 22, 14 and 27 minutes respectively. Table 43: Traffic Mode (%)

Bicycle Motorcycle Bus Private car Walking Total 31 18 34 2 13 Poor 35 15 35 0 10 Non -Poor 30 18.8 33.8 2.5 13.8 Male 24 22 32 2 16 Female 28 14 36 2 10

Table 44: Traffic Time (%) Purpose Time Consumed Go to work 22 Go to school(children) 14 Daily shopping 27

2.5.3 Positive and Negative Impacts

55. A total of 92% of the respondents considered that they would benefit from the proposed project. Most of them believed they would benefit in many ways as presented in Table 47. 50% of the respondents worried that traffic safety would be the issue the project could bring. Women, in particular, worried more than men. Table 45: If Benefit from the Project (%)

Attitude Yes No No Idea Total 92 6 2

Table 46: Positive Impact of the Project (%)

Positive Impacts % 1. More convenient and faster transport (for shopping, going to school or work, entertaining, 98 going to public services (like hospital)

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report

2. More opportunities of job or business 85 3. Public transport improvement 94 4. Value increasing of property 84 5. Better living environment and quality 97 6. Higher economic rent return 68

Table 47: Negative Impact of the Project (%)

Negative Impacts %

Traffic safety problems 50 Not convenience for pedestrian or bicycle travel 29 More traffic costs 39 Air or noise pollution 30 Less opportunities of job or business 39 Higher house rent 2

3. CONCLUSIONS

56. The conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Data Group 57. To analyze the data specifically, four groups are divided including Dibao and Non-Dibao, Poor and Non-poor, Male and Female, Han and minorities. Since no significant difference has been found between Han and minorities, all the analysis in this survey report and the poverty and social analysis (PSA) report are based on the other three grouped data. (2 ) Support to the Project 58. In Baishan, 25% of the respondents had heard of the component before the survey, and 99% of the respondents expressed their support after a brief explanation of the component. In Baicheng, 18.5% of the respondents had heard of the solid waste management component and 13% of the respondents had heard of the road network component before the survey. And more than 98 of the respondents expressed their support after a brief explanation of the components. Table 48: Knowledge and Support

Knowledgeable of Support the Component the component component % % Solid Waste Management and Water Supply Services in 25 99 Baishan Solid Waste Management in Baicheng 18.5 99.5

Road Network in Baicheng 13 98

(3) Solid Waste Management in Baishan

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report 59. The evaluation that the respondents made for the environment of Hunjiang is low, 46% of them are quite not satisfied with the environmental sanitation of urban Hunjiang. Street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s key concerns. Besides, people are not quite satisfied with garbage management in terms of cleaning and collecting. 60. The majority of the interviewed households would sell the recycled garbage like paper product, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal. Hazardous waste such as battery, paint, and expired medicine is dumped directly without any treatment. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more. 61. Most of the respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper product, glass and plastic bottles for sell. They all expressed to support 3R in Baishan. 62. According to the estimated regression results, the average WTP for monthly solid waste fee is CNY27.51 per household under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels. (4) Solid Waste Management in Baicheng 63. The evaluation that the respondents made for the environment of Hunjiang is not bad, 16% of them expressed their disappointment about the environmental sanitation of urban Taobei. Street watering, snow removal in winter, the amount of trash bins are the people’s key concerns. 64. The majority of the interviewed households would sell the recycled garbage like paper product, plastic and rubber product, E-waste and medal. Due to the lack of recycling mechanism, hazardous waste such as battery, paint, expired medicine is dumped directly without any treatment. Compared to non-poor households, poor households tend to deal with recycled garbage by selling more. There is a small number of people dump their garbage on the street or in the yard. 65. Most of the respondents have realized how important 3R to the environment, and they have been collecting recyclable waste like paper product, glass and plastic bottles for sell. They all expressed to support 3R in Baicheng. 66. According to the estimated regression results, the average WTP for monthly solid waste fee is CNY27.51 per household under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels. (5) Water Supply Services in Baishan 67. More than 30% of the respondents considered that the color, taste, cleanliness, 24/7 service and pollution are either poor or very poor. 68. Water failure is a serious problem in Hunjiang. 53% of respondents reflected that water failure happened once a month on average. 40.7% of the cases, there was no notice prior to water failure. 86.8% of the cases, water failure lasts within 12 hours. To cope with frequent water failure, 94.1% of the poor and 83.9% of the non-poor have water tank home to store water in case of water failure. 69. People have a strong awareness of water conservation, 77% of the interviewed households reuse water for water saving. 70. Water rate rising is the main concern people have about the Project. 71. Overall, the water consumption each household is 5.3 ton/month, and monthly water cost is CNY16.7 per month. A total of 92.5% of the respondents are willing to have the new water supply connected. The poor will support the new water supply more than the non-poor. 91.5% of the residents were confident to afford to pay the bill. 84% of the respondents wanted the water supply services to be improved to benefit their families. 72. According to the estimated regression result, the average WTP for water supply is CNY4.13

Jilin Urban Improvement Project Supplementary Appendix 11B (TA 8172-PRC) Interim Report per ton under the given conditions of income, asset and education levels of all sampled residents in Baishan. (6) Road Network in Baicheng 73. The satisfaction with local traffic is not quite low. Only 8% of the respondents expressed that they are quite satisfied with the local traffic. 74. The main traffic tools in Xijiao Street are bus, bicycle and motorcycle. The difference between the poor and non-poor, male and female is not much. Since most local rural residents live within a radius of 2 kilometers, they don not spend much time on going to work, school and other daily activities. The average time consumed by going to work, school and shopping is 22, 14 and 27 minutes, respectively. 75. A total of 92% of the respondents considered that they would benefit from the Project. 50% of the respondents worried that traffic safety would be the issue the Project could bring. Women, in particular, worried more than men.

Initial Environmental Examination

March 2014

PRC: Jilin Urban Development Project

Prepared by the Jilin Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Inter-bank average exchange rate as of December 2013) Currency Unit - Yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = US$ 0.1613 US$ 1.00 = CNY 6.2

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected person BCMG - Baicheng Municipal Government BEDZ - Baicheng Economic Development Zone CIEE - Consolidate Initial Environmental Examination CNY - Chinese Yuan BOH - Bureau of Health BSMG - Baishan Municipal Government CSC - Construction supervision company DFR - Draft Final Report DMF - Design and monitoring framework EA - Executing Agency EHS - Environmental, health and safety EIA - Environment Impact Assessment EIRR - Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP - Environmental Management Plan EMS - Environmental monitoring station EMU - Environment management unit EPB - Environmental Protection Bureau EPD - Environmental protection department FGD - Focus group discussion FIRR - Financial Internal Rate of Return FSR - Feasibility Study Report FYP - Five year plan GAP - Gender action plan GDP - Gross Domestic Product GHG - Greenhouse Gas GRM - Grievance redress mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination ISWM - Integrated solid waste management

ITS - Intelligent transportation system JPDRC - Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission JPEPD - Jilin Provincial Environmental Protection Department JPFD - Jilin Provincial Financial Department JPG - Jilin Provincial Government JPSLR - Jilin Provincial State Land and Recourse Bureau LAR - Land Acquisition and Resettlement LIC - Loan implementation consultant LIEC - Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant MEP - Ministry of Environmental Protection MOF - Ministry of Finance MSW - Municipal Solid Waste Mu - Chinese Land Measuring Unit (1 hector = 15 mu) NDRC - National Development and Reform Commission NRW - Non -revenue water O&M - Operation and Maintenance OPF - Operators of project facility PCGs - Project city governments PCU - Passenger Car Unit PIC - Project Implementation Consultant PMO - Project Management Office PPCU - Project Public Complaint Unit PPMS - Project Performance Management System PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRC - People’s Republic of China PSA - Poverty and Social Assessment RP - Resettlement Plan SAP - Social action plan SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TBD - To be determined TOR - Terms of Reference WRD - Water Resources Department WSP - Water Supply Plant WWTP - Wastewater treatment plant

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 12

A. BACKGROUND ...... 12 B. PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 12 C. MAJOR BENEFITS AND PROJECT FEATURES ...... 13 D. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 15 E. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)...... 16 F. CONCLUSION ...... 17

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 18

A. OVERVIEW ...... 18 B. THE PRC’S ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS ...... 18 C. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ...... 20 D. APPLICABLE ADB POLICIES AND WORLD BANK’S EHS ...... 21 E. ASSESSMENT STANDARDS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 21 F. THE PRC’S ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND THE EIA APPROVAL PROCESS .... 27

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 29

A. NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 29 B. PROJECT IMPACT, OUTCOME AND OUTPUTS ...... 32 C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMPONENT ...... 35 D. DUE DILIGENCE FOR THE ASSOCIATED AND/OR LINKED FACILITIES ...... 46

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE) ...... 51

A. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF JILIN PROVINCE ...... 51 B. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF BAICHENG CITY ...... 52 C. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINES OF THE PROJECT SITE ...... 55 D. SENSITIVE RECEPTORS WITHIN PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ...... 60 E. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF BAISHAN CITY ...... 61 F. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT SITES - BAISHAN ...... 63 G. ENVIRONMENT SENSITIVE RECEIVERS WITHIN PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ...... 73

V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 75

A. POSITIVE IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ...... 75 B. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO PROJECT LOCATION, PLANNING, DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASES ...... 78 C. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION (ALL COMPONENTS) ...... 79 D. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION ...... 89 E. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 114

VI. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ...... 116

VII. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 121

A. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 121 B. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 121 C. FIRST ROUND OF CONSULTATION ...... 122 E. PUBLIC CONSULTATION CONDUCTED BY THE PPTA CONSULTANTS (INCLUDING SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS) ...... 127 F. FUTURE CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 127

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ...... 128

A. INTRODUCTION ...... 128 B. STEP-BY-STEP GRM PROCEDURE ...... 128

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 131

X. CONCLUSION ...... 132

ATTATCHMENT 1 - Environmental management plan (EMP)

Map A: Location of Roads and Bridges in Baicheng (Component I)

Map B: Solid Waste Management (transfer stations and sorting/composting plant) in Baicheng (Component II)

Map C: Location of Improved Water Supply System in Baishan (Component IV)

Map D: Water Distribution Network in Baishan (Component IV)

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was prepared for the proposed Jilin Urban Development Project (the project) in the cities of Baicheng and Baishan in Jilin Province, the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The IEE has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) on the basis of (i) three domestic environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports prepared by two domestic EIA Institutes, (ii) three project Feasibility Study Reports (FSRs), (iii) a Planning EIA for Baicheng Economic Development Zone (BEDZ); (iv) social and economic assessments conducted under the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA), (v) two project cities’ urban development master plans; and (vi) discussions between the ADB missions, PPTA consultants, Jilin Provincial Government (GPG) and two project city governments (PCGs).

2. Baishan and Baicheng are two prefecture capitals located in remote and poor regions of Jilin Province, which are the main urban centers1 of their regions. In Baicheng City, due to lack of road infrastructure the city center is disconnected from the BEDZ; new residential areas were developed without proper connection with other parts of the city; residents who have settled into newly developed residential communities within BEDZ lack of proper municipal services including water supply, sewer and stormwater drainage. Currently it is estimated that about 100,000 residents (almost one third of the total urban population) are not yet connected to the municipal sewer network and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) leading to a sewer collection rate of about 30% only.

3. The current daily water supply capacity of Baishan City is 80,000 m3, which cannot guarantee 24 hours water supply to some residential communities. The water supply capacity will increase to serve the 305,000 population in 2020 according to the city’s master plan. Moreover, high rate (>65%) of non-revenue water (NRW) occurs due to poor management and aged and low standard pipeline, which has also resulted in energy loss, high water tariff, and low service coverage. The current water supply capacity is far from meeting the city’s water demand.

4. The daily generation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in the cities of Baicheng and Baishan is 480 tons and 350 tons, respectively. Currently, there are no any sorting, recycling, reducing or reusing facilities/measures for the MSW management, and open containers and facilities are mostly used for the MSW collection and transportation, which result serious environmental and sanitation concerns. Also, lack of collection system in the cities leads to the presence of many illegal MSW dump sites within the urban areas resulting serous environmental and sanitation problems.

B. Project Components

5. The proposed Project consists of five components. Each component includes several subcomponents, which are summarized below.

6. Component I - Improved Urban Infrastructure in Baicheng: The component will improve the

1 Their direct influence area is estimated to over 1 million and 2 million populations respectively (i.e., urban population of municipalities, 2015 projections)

urban infrastructures and municipal services in the south and west urban areas in the city. The component includes: (i) construction of nine urban roads with a total length of 32.4 km including two 20 m span bridges and one twin cell railway underpass; (ii) 36.9 km water supply piping network; (iii) 63.2 km sewer pipeline, including a pump station; (iv) 59.9 km stormwater pipeline with two pump stations; (v) 33 km 10 kV power line; (vi) 33 km communication line; (vii) 1,582 street lights, traffic control and traffic management system; and (viii) landscaping.

7. Component II - Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management in Baicheng: The Baicheng MSW Component includes: (i) a 20 ton/d composting facility, including a 30 ton/d MSW sorting facility; (ii) construction of 12 new MSW transfer stations; (iii) upgrading of MSW management equipment including 12 self-loading trucks, 30 movable MSW compaction containers, 12 MSW compaction trucks, 4 kitchen garbage collection trucks, 50 MSW carts, and one construction material recycling machine; (iv) upgrading city cleaning and maintenance vehicles and equipment including 36 street cleaning and sweeping vehicles, 20 snow cleaning trucks, 10 water spray trucks, 10 sewer suction trucks and 5 sewer cleaning trucks, 10 construction waste trucks, MSW carts, trash and recycling bins.

8. Component III - Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management in Baishan: The Baishan MSW Component will improve and upgrade the existing MSW management systems by introducing the 3R concept of reducing, reusing and recycling. The component includes: (i) construction of a new MSW sanitary landfill with a daily capacity of 330 ton/day; (ii) establishment of a 20 ton/d composting site including 30 ton/d MSW sorting facility; (iii) rehabilitation of 15 MSW transfer stations; (iv) upgrading MSW handling equipment park including 15 self-loading trucks, 30 MSW compaction containers, 2 MSW compaction trucks, 4 kitchen garbage collection trucks, 15 MSW carts, and a construction waste recycling machine; (v) procurement of city cleaning vehicles and equipment including 4 sewer suction trucks, 15 street sweeping vehicles, 18 snow cleaning trucks, two moveable toilets, sewer pipe cleaning pipe, trash collection carts and tricycles, trash and recycle bins.

9. Component IV – Improved Water Supply Management in Baishan: The component will improve the water supply system in Baishan with safe and reliable drinking water supply and reduce non-revenue water (NRW). The component includes: (i) a 6.8 km water transmission line from Xibeicha Reservoir to Jiangyuan District; (ii) a 21.1 km water transmission line to the new WTP in Hunjiang District; (iii) a new 50,000 m3/d WTP; (iv) upgrade 11.1 km of existing water supply piping network and construction of 44.2 km water distribution pipeline; (v) water leakage detection and repair equipment; and (vi) capacity building in operation and maintenance of the existing water supply system to reduce NRW loss and provide better service.

10. Component V - Improved Capacity and Institutional Arrangements: The component will provide support for project implementation on project management, institutional strengthening, environmental management, capacity development and training.

C. Major benefits and project features

11. The project will bring significant benefits to about 1.12 million residents in the project cities including 0.60 million people in Baishan and 0.52 million people in Baicheng by improving water supply system, solid wastes disposal and urban transport network: (i) In Baishan, the project will help reduce non-revenue water (NRW) in Baishan from 65% to 35% and implement water supply monitoring and control system (SCADA) to improve energy efficiency, resulting in annual water savings of 6.4 million m3 and energy savings of 7.3 million kWh; (ii) In Baicheng, the wastewater collection rate will be increased

by 9,000 m3 per day, significantly reducing annual pollution load to the environment. The project will promote low-carbon transport modes by dedicating separate bus priority and non-motorized lanes. Curbside stormwater collection and infiltration will be piloted along three project roads to mitigate the risk of waterlogging induced by increased urban soil sealing; (iii) The solid waste management components will significantly improve waste management practices by promoting source-segregation and recycling of domestic waste (kitchen waste, recyclates such as glass, metal, clothes) and composting of kitchen waste. As a result, approximately 14,000 tons of kitchen waste will be converted to valuable compost. Of the total direct beneficiary population, approximately 0.55 million (47.83%) are women including 0.29 million in Baishan and 0.26 million in Baicheng, 9.74% in Baicheng and 12.94% in Baishan are poor living under the urban poverty line of less than CNY200 and CNY209 per capita per month 2 , respectively.

12. Climate change mitigation and adaptation. The project will promote climate change resilience and reduce carbon emissions. The GHG emission reduction benefits of the project are derived primarily from the following major interventions: (i) construction of energy-efficient water supply system, resulting in annual power saving and GHG emission reduction by 7.3 million kWh electricity and 5,685 tons of 3 CO2, respectively; (ii) reduction the NRW from 65% to 30%, which will save 6.3875 million m clean water annually. The potential impacts due to increased frequency of extreme weather events such as rainstorms or droughts were considered, including water balance analysis for the water source of the Baishan water treatment plant, the design for high-capacity stormwater-drainage with local infiltration and storage in Baicheng, which strengthen climate change adaption. In Baishan, the water supply system will be supplied by the new Xibeicha Reservoir. However, the Dayangcha River will be kept as secondary water source to cover emergency situations, including extreme dry years. This redundancy in water sources will increase the cities’ resilience to decreased water safety that may result from global climate change. The Baicheng infrastructure component with improved road connectivity will be beneficial in coping with any increase in the incidence of natural disasters and extreme weather events that might result from future climate change. They will provide efficient and alternative routes for both emergency vehicles and escape.

13. MSW sorting and composting facilities. The proposed project applies a 3R concept for the improvement of current MSW management systems in both cities. MSW sorting and composting facilities with a capacity of 30t/d will be built in each project city. MSW received at the facility will be separated into recyclates, organic waste for composting, and the remaining portion for disposal in the landfill. The organic waste will be composted to produce organic fertilizer to be used for landscaping.

14. Capacity development for reducing non-revenue water (NRW). NRW in Baishan reaches 65%. The high NRW is contributed by leakage from the aged water supply pipes, unbilled usage, inaccurate metering, etc. The project will develop a capacity development program including institutional strengthening, staff training, advanced technology for leakage detection and repairing, water supply metering, and public awareness for water conservation to reduce the NRW from 65% to 30%.

15. Stormwater management and reuse. The Baicheng infrastructure component will introduce stormwater infiltration, collection and reuse to improve the stormwater management. A stormwater collection, storage and infiltration system located under the road landscaping strip will be introduced and installed as a demonstration feature along two roads. The system will reduce the direct discharge of polluted runoff to surface water and reduce risks of water logging as a result of increased surface

2 In 2012 price.

sealing.

16. ITS traffic management and control, bus priority lanes, traffic safety. In order to improve urban traffic safety and traffic congestion condition, the project will implement an ITS traffic management system in Baicheng, which will include a traffic monitoring system, red light and speeding violation monitoring system, and real time traffic condition displays. In addition, public bus priority lanes will be built along selected project roads. The bus priority lanes will illustrate the effectiveness of the public bus system and help the municipal government to implement more public bus priority lanes and other public transport facilities. The subcomponent will be supplemented by a comprehensive traffic safety improvement component, to be planned and implemented under the coordination of international and national transport planning and traffic safety specialists, engaged under the Project’s capacity building component. The specialist will, amongst others, conduct an urban traffic safety audit to assess the existing situation (with special focus on pedestrian and bicycle safety, and public transportation system); review and update the urban traffic safety plans of the municipality; and develop and implement a detailed work plan for improving urban traffic safety, addressing the 3E urban traffic safety program (Engineering, Education and Enforcement.

D. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures

17. Anticipated impacts during construction of all project facilities will include short episodes of increased noise and dust pollution during a few concentrated activities, such as the soil excavation for roads, water transmission lines, landfill, road base construction, and asphalt works. Other impacts during construction include earthwork (640,000m3 of cumulative cut and fill in Baishan, 930,000m3 in Baicheng) and related soil erosion; temporary interruption of municipal services and traffic disturbance; and potential health and safety risks. Surface water contamination during the excavation works (mainly in relation to the laying of water transmission lines in Baishan) is not considered significant, provided that measures defined in the EMP are applied. No environmentally sensitive or culturally significant areas will be disturbed. There are no ecologically sensitive areas within 25 km of any of the project facilities. All construction-related impacts are of a temporary nature and are covered by stringent site management and procedural provisions in the environment management plan (EMP). Environmental clauses will be included in contracts for project works to ensure that Contractors are aware of and committed to implementing environmental requirements associated with the works.

18. Potential impacts during operation of the Baicheng infrastructure component include traffic noise and air pollution at some sensitive areas along the roads including schools, hospitals, and residential areas. However, noise and air quality predictions indicate that the impact will not be significant, even in the long term. Other impacts and risks during operation include traffic safety caused by over-speed, and potential accidental spills caused by hazardous goods transportation.

19. Major environmental impacts resulting from the operation of MSW facilities include odorous gases (H2S and NH3), which will affect nearby residents, leachate from the landfill expansion site in Baishan, wastewater and noise from the proposed MSW collection and transfer stations and garbage sorting and composting sites, and traffic noise from collection vehicles. Buffer zones (5 m-wide) and greening belts (2 m-wide) will be installed around all MSW facilities. Predicted noise and odor levels at site boundary of solid waste transfer stations, composting and disposal facilities are within legislated limits. Still, nearby residents will be consulted regularly on odor and noise nuisance, and corrective actions will be defined if necessary.

20. The water supply system has few environmental, health and safety risks, and will be subject to strict operational standards. Impacts of the water extraction on local and regional water resources have been assessed through water balance analysis. The water supply plant will have no significant impact on regional water resources. The annual water demand for the water supply component is 26.78 million m3/a, which (including reservoir seepage and evaporation) amounts to 1.51% of the total annual flow of 2.11 billion m3 of Hunjiang River (Baishan section). The proposed WTP will have acceptable impacts to the areas downstream of the water intake point. A comprehensive discussion of the components impact on local and regional water resources in included in Chapter V of the IEE. Risks to water supply safety (water quality) were assessed through a multi-stakeholder water safety risk assessment that followed in principle an internationally accepted methodology. 3 Identified risks are mitigated through a series of key management measures, including (i) delineating and maintaining drinking water source protection zones for the Xibeicha Reservoir (the water source for the water supply); (ii) strengthening water quality monitoring capacity of the water supply company; and (iii) establishing an emergency preparedness and response mechanism, including and online water source monitoring system, emergency warning procedures, and alternative water supply sourcing (i.e., increasing redundancy of water supply and thus its resilience to identified risks and impacts, including climate change). Other water source protection measures and minimum water release requirements are specified in the reservoir operation specifications and draft water safety plan developed for the project.

21. Mitigation measures and a monitoring program were defined for all identified impacts, and are included in the environment management plan (EMP) of the IEE. The EMP sets out the procedures and plans to carry out mitigation measures and monitoring during sequential stages of the project including pre-construction, construction and operation. It consists of two major plans, one for implementing mitigation measures and the other for conduct environmental monitoring. For each impact, appropriate mitigation measures are described. Internal, external and compliance monitoring and supervision will be undertaken to ensure that environmental impacts will be minimized to acceptable levels.

22. The implementation of this IEE and EMP will be supported through training and through ongoing guidance from the project implementation consultants. Training will help improve the environmental capacity of the LPMOs, PIUs and contractors and help ensure that the environmental impacts during the construction are minimized and opportunities for environmental benefits are maximized. The capacity building and training component will focus on water supply safety, MSW management promoting 3R principles, EMP implementation and supervision, and urban transport safety and public transportation.

E. Public consultation, information disclosure, and grievance redress mechanism (GRM).

23. Information disclosure and public consultation for the project components was conducted in accordance with the PRC Guideline on Public Consultation in EIA (2006) and ADB’s SPS requirements. Two rounds of public consultation were conducted, through questionnaire survey and public hearings with community representatives, and local village committees in the two project cities (June 2013 to December 2013). A total of 298 people and 21 organizations were consulted in Baicheng and Baishan, respectively. Consulted persons and organizations supported the project and believed it will benefit community health, local economy, living standards, local environmental and sanitation conditions, and effectively protect local water resources and improve the drinking water safety. Suggestions from

3 Bartram J, Corrales L, Davison A, Deere D, Drury D, Gordon B, Howard G, Rinehold A, Stevens M. Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009.

stakeholders were received, including drinking water source protection, odor control measures for the MSW facilities, good planning to avoid repeated excavation of underground pipelines, and no night-time construction to minimize noise impact to residents. A GRM has been developed in each of the project cities to receive, document, and resolve community concerns and to assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. The GRM was discussed during public consultations. Most consulted people believe the project GRM is an improvement compared with current practices.

F. Conclusion

24. The project supports the PRC’s Sustainable Urban Development Strategy4 and both cities’ Development Master Plans. Potential environmental impacts during project construction and operation were analyzed and mitigation measures were proposed in the domestic EIAs and this IEE, including the E MP. The IEE concludes that the potential adverse environmental impacts and risks associated with all the project components can be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to meet the relevant national standards and Jilin provincial regulations if the project EMP is fully implemented, particularly: (i) all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements are implemented; and (ii) the environmental management and institutional capacities of JPPMO, the PIUs and IAs are strengthened through implementation of the training and capacity building program.

4“China’s Sustainable Development Strategy”, The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences & Policy research Institute of the PRC state council, 2012.

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Overview 25. The PRC has a wide range of laws, regulations, technical guidelines and standards that govern the way in which environmental protection and environmental impact assessment for construction projects must be implemented, including for pollution prevention and control on air, noise, water, ecology and solid waste, and technical guidelines on assessing atmospheric, noise, water and ecological impacts. The domestic EIA Reports upon which this IEE is based were prepared in accordance with the PRC Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (2003), the PRC Management Guideline on EIA Categories of Construction Projects (2008), and the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2-93). B. The PRC’s Environmental Laws, Regulations, Guidelines, and Standards 26. The primary national laws and regulations that govern the EIA study of the project are provided in Table II-1 and Table II-2, respectively. Table II-3 shows the relevant local laws and regulations. Table II-1: Relevant National Laws Year No. Law Relevance to project issued 1 Environmental Protection Law 1989 2 Urban and Rural Planning Law 2008 The project relates the project cities’ master plans 3 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2005 The project involves solid wastes disposal 4 Environmental Impact Assessment Law 2003 The project includes water source protection and 5 Water Law 2002 drinking water safety 6 Cleaner Production Promotion Law 2002 The project involves low carbon WTP issue 7 Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2000 8 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law 1999 9 Land Administration Law 1999 The project includes landscaping on roadsides 10 Forest Law 1998 (green belt) and within the WTP. 11 Water and Soil Conservation Law 1991 The project involves soil erosion control 12 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2008

Table2 II- : National Administrative Regulations Year of No. Regulation Relevance to project effectiveness Regulation on Pollution Control for Protection Zone of Drinking 1 1989 Water Source 2 Regulation on EIA of Plans and Programs 2009 Regulation on Environmental Protection Management for 3 2003 Construction Projects Directive on Strengthening Wetland Protection and The project involves a 4 2004 5 Management reservoir Environmental Protection Supervision Rules for Construction 5 1998 Projects The associated Xibeicha Reservoir is located in 6 Regulation on Protection of Wild Flora 1997 Changbai Mountain where there are many wild flora

5 Reservoir is a kind of wetlands.

Year of No. Regulation Relevance to project effectiveness 7 Requirements for the EIA Summary of Construction Project 2010 Regulation on Classification of Construction Project 8 2001 Environmental Protection Management (MEP) 9 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) 2010 See No. 6 Requirement for Social Risk Assessment of Large Investment 10 2012 Projects 11 The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) 2010 See No. 6 12 National regulation for public disclosure of EIAs (NDRC) 2012

Table II-3: Local Laws and Regulations No. Law and Regulation Year issued

1 Drinking Water Source Protection Regulation of Jilin Province 2012 2 Environmental Protection Regulations of Jilin Province (revised edition) 2001 3 Construction Project Quality Management Regulation of Jilin Province 2011 4 Forest Management Regulations of Jilin Province, 2002 5 Regulation on Prime Farmland Protection in Jilin Province (revised edition) 1997 6 Regulations on Agricultural Environmental Protection in Jilin Province 2001 7 Temporary Regulations on Terrestrial Wild Animals Protection of Jilin Province, 1985 8 Surface Water Function Zoning in Jilin Province (DB22/388-2004), 2001 9 Urban Environmental Noise Functional Zoning in Jilin Province 2004 10 Regulations on Water and Soil Conservation Law of the PRC in Jilin Province, 1992 11 Urban Environmental Noise Functional Zoning in Jilin Province 1992 27. The implementation of environmental laws and regulations is supported by a series of associated management and technical guidelines, and those applicable to the proposed project are summarized in Table II-4. Table II-4: Applicable Environmental Guidelines No. Guideline Year/Code 1 Technical Guideline on EIA: Drinking Water Source Protection 2006 2 List of Construction Projects Subject to Environmental Protection Supervision 2008 3 Guideline on EIA Classification of Construction Projects 2008 4 Guideline on Jurisdictional Division of Review and Approval of EIAs for Construction Projects 2009 5 Interim Guideline on Public Consultation for EIA 2006 6 Circular on Strengthening EIA Management to Prevent Environmental Risks 2005 7 Technical Guideline on EIA: Surface Water Environment HJ/T 2.3-1993 8 Technical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for Construction Project HJ/T169-2004 9 Technical Guideline on EIA: Acoustic Environment HJ 2.4-2009 10 Technical Guideline on EIA: Atmospheric Environment HJ 2.2-2008 11 Technical Guideline on EIA: Ecological Assessment HJ 19-2011

28. The national environmental quality standard system that supports/evaluates the implementation of the environmental protection laws and regulations in the PRC is classified into two categories by function, i.e. pollutant emission/discharge standards and ambient environmental standards. The relevant main standards applicable to the proposed project are shown in Table II-5.

Table II-5: Applicable Environmental Standards No. Standard Code 1 Standard for Flood Control GB50210-94 2 Urban Ambient Acoustic Quality Standard GB3096-2008 3 Noise Limit of Industrial Enterprises GB12348-2008 4 Noise Limit for Social Activities GB22337-2008 5 Domestic Drinking Water Quality Standard GB5749-2006 6 Surface Water Quality Standard GB3838-2002 7 Standard on Pollutant Discharges from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants GB18018-2002 8 Ambient Air Quality Standard GB3095-1996 9 Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants GB16297-1996 10 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996 11 Soil Quality Standard GB15618-1995 12 Groundwater Quality Standard GB/T14848-1993 13 Noise Limit for Construction Sites GB12523-1990 14 Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use GB4284-1984 15 Pollution Control Standard for MSW Landfills GB16889-2008 16 PRC specification of Domestic MSW Sanitation Landfill CJJ17-2004

C. International Agreements 29. The PRC is signatory to a number of international agreements, including all major international agreements dealing with biodiversity and wetland protection, Climate Change etc. Those with direct and indirect implications for the project are listed in Table II-6. Table II-6: Applicable International Agreements

No. Agreement Year Purpose (relevance to project) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of Preventing the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands 1 International Importance Especially as 1975 for now and the future Waterfowl Habitat Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity (the project 2 Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 includes reforestation) Achieving stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the United Nations Framework Convention 3 1994 atmosphere (the project involves low carbon WSPs for energy on Climate Change saving and GHG emission reduction) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations 4 Framework Convention on Climate 2005 Further reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (same as above) Change Montreal Protocol on Substances That 5 1989 Protection of the ozone layer (same as above) Deplete the Ozone Layer

D. Applicable ADB Policies and World Bank’s EHS

30. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) provides the basis for the project EIA. All projects funded by ADB must comply with the SPS. The purpose of the SPS is to establish an environmental review process to ensure that projects undertaken as part of programs funded under ADB loans are environmentally sound, are designed to operate in line with applicable regulatory requirements, and are not likely to cause significant environment, health, or safety hazards. 31. The PRC domestic EIAs are prepared initially for the PRC approval processes, which are required to adopt PRC standards for the quality of water, air, and noise, etc. ADB’s SPS promotes good international practice as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines6. The principles and standards of the EHS Guidelines are adopted by the ADB’s SPS. The general guidelines, in company with the sector guidelines, will provide the context of international best practice, and contribute to establishing appropriate targets for the environmental performance. EHS guidelines of relevance to the project include guidelines on waste management, energy conservation, water conservation, hazardous materials/wastes management, noise control and sanitation; and guidelines on community and occupational health and safety. 32. Compared with PRC EIA requirements, the SPS requires a number of additional considerations, including (i) project level GRM including documentation in the EMP; (ii) definition of the project area of influence; (iii) assessment of direct, indirect, induced and cumulative impacts; (iv) due diligence of project associated facilities; (v) protection of physical cultural resources; (vi) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (vii) occupational and community health and safety requirements (including emergency preparedness and response); (viii) impacts on livelihoods through environmental media; (ix) biodiversity conservation; and (x) ensuring that the EMP includes an implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators. These requirements, which are usually weak in PRC EIAs, have been included in the domestic EIA reports to the EIA institute’s best knowledge and capacity. This project IEE generally complies with SPS requirements.

E. Assessment Standards for Proposed Project Components

a. Drinking Water Quality Standard 33. The project includes a water supply plant (WTP) in Baishan City. Operation of the WTP and quality of the treated water to be supplied to residents will require compliance with the PRC Drinking Water Quality Standard (GB5749-2006), in which 106 parameters must be met (Table II-7). Table II-7: Drinking Water Quality Standards (GB5749-2006) No. Parameter Standard Routine Parameter of Drinking Water Quality Microbiological parameter7 1 Total coliform (MPN/100ml or CFU/100ml) LD 2 Thermotoletant coliform (MPN/100ml or CFU/100ml) LD 3 Escherichia Coli (MPN/100ml or CFU/100ml) 4 Total plant count (CFU/ml) 100 Toxicological parameter

6 “World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines”, April 30, 2007, Washington, USA. http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines 7 MPN= Most Probable Number; CFU: Colony forming unit.

No. Parameter Standard 5 Arsenic (As, mg/L) 0.01 6 Cadmium (Cd, mg/L) 0.005 7 Chromium Hexavalent (Cr 6+, mg/L) 0.05 8 Lead (Pb, mg/L) 0.01 9 Mercury (Hg, mg/L) 0.001 10 Selenium (Se, mg/L) 0.01 11 Cyanide (CN-, mg/L) 0.05 12 Fluoride (mg/L) 1.0 13 Nitrate (mg/L) 10 14 Trichloromethane (mg/L) 0.06 15 Carbon tetrachloride (mg/L) 0.002 16 Bromate (when O3 is applied) (mg/L) 0.01 17 Formaldehyde (when O3 is applied) (mg/L) 0.9 18 Chlorite (when ClO2 is applied) (mg/L) 0.7 19 Chlorate (when compound chlorine dioxide is applied ) (mg/L) 0.7 Sensory Properties and General Chemical Parameter 20 Chromaticity (Unit of platinum cobalt color) 15 21 Turbidity (diffusing turbidity unit) NTU 1 22 Odor and Taste No odor, no taste 23 Appearance None 24 pH 6.5≤X<8.5 25 Aluminum (Al, mg/L) 0.2 26 Iron (Fe, mg/L) 0.3 27 Manganese (Mn, mg/L) 0.1 28 Copper (Cu, mg/L) 1.0 29 Zinc (Zn, mg/L) 1.0 30 Chloride (Cl-, mg/L) 250 31 Sulfate (SO4-mg/L) 250 32 TDS (mg/L) 1000 33 Total Hardness (CaCO3) (mg/L) 450 34 CODMn (mg/L) 3 35 Volatile phenols (phenol) (mg/L) 0.002 36 LAS (mg/L) 0.3 Radioactivity Parameter8 37 Total α radioactivity (Bq/L) 0.5 38 Total β radioactivity (Bq/L) 1 Non -Routine Parameter Microbial indicators 39 Giardia cysts (count/10L) <1 40 Cryptosporidium oocysts (count/10L) <1 Toxicological parameter (mg/L) 41 Antimonium (Sb, mg/L) 0.005 42 Barium (Ba, mg/L 0.7 43 Beryllium (Be, mg/L) 0.002 44 Boron (B, mg/L) 0.5 45 Molybdenum (Mo, mg/L) 0.07 46 Nickel (Ni, mg/L) 0.02

8 Radionuclide phase analysis is conducted if radioactivity value exceeds limits, to determine if the water is drinkable.

No. Parameter Standard 47 Silver (Ag, mg/L) 0.05 48 Thallium (Ti, mg/L) 0.0001 49 Cyan chloride (CN- mg/L) 0.07 50 Chlorodibromomethane (mg/L) 0.1 51 Bromodichloromethane (mg/L) 0.06 52 Dichloroacetic acid (mg/L) 0.05 53 1,2 -dichloroethane (mg/L) 0.03 54 Dichloromethane (mg/L) 0.02 55 THMs 1 56 1,1,1 - trichloroethane (mg/L) 2 57 Trichloroacetic acid (mg/L) 0.1 58 Trichloroaldehyde (mg/L) 0.01 59 2,4,6 - trichlorophenol (mg/L) 0.2 60 Bromoform (mg/L) 0.1 61 Heptachlor (mg/L) 0.0004 62 Malathion (mg/L) 0.25 63 PCP (mg/L) 0.009 64 HCH (total amount, mg/L) 0.005 65 Hexachlorobenzene (mg/L) 0.001 66 Dimethoate (mg/L) 0.08 67 Parathion (mg/L) 0.003 68 Bentazone (mg/L) 0.3 69 Parathion-methyl (mg/L) 0.02 70 Chlorothalonil (mg/L) 0.01 71 Carbofuran (mg/L) 0.007 72 Lindane (mg/L) 0.002 73 Chlopyrifos (mg/L) 0.03 74 Glyphosate (mg/L) 0.7 75 DDVP (mg/L) 0.001 76 Arazine (mg/L) 0.002 77 Deltamethrin (mg/L) 0.02 78 2, 4 - dichlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid (mg/L) 0.03 79 Dichloro -diphenyl-dichlorothane (mg/L) 0.001 80 Ethylbenzene (mg/L) 0.3 81 Dimethylbenzene (mg/L) 0.5 82 1,1 - dichloroethylene(mg/L) 0.03 83 1,2 - dichloroethylene(mg/L) 0.05 84 1,2 - dichlorobenzene(mg/L) 1 85 1,4 - dichlorobenzene(mg/L) 0.3 86 Trichloroethylene(mg/L) 0.07 87 Trichlorobenzene(mg/L) 0.02 88 Hexachlorobutadiene(mg/L) 0.0006 89 Acrylamide (mg/L) 0.0005 90 Tetrachloroethylene (mg/L) 0.04 91 Toluene (mg/L) 0.7 92 DEHP (mg/L) 0.008 93 ECH (mg/L) 0.0004

No. Parameter Standard 94 Benzene (mg/L) 0.01 95 Styrene (mg/L) 0.02 96 Benzopyrene (mg/L) 0.00001 97 Chloroethylene(mg/L) 0.005 98 Chlorobenzene(mg/L) 0.3 99 Microcystin-LR(mg/L) 0.001 Physical Properties and General Chemical parameters (mg/L) 100 Ammonia Nitrogen(NH3-N, mg/L) 0.5 101 Sulfide (S, mg/L) 0.02 102 Sodium (Na, mg/L) 200

Table II-8: General Parameters and Requirements for Drinking Water Disinfectant Exposure duration with Limit in water Residue in water Residues in network No. Disinfectant Water supplied (mg/L) supplied (mg/L) end (mg/L) Chlorine and free 103 4 chlorine (mg/L) ≥30 min ≥0.3 ≥0.05 Monochloramine (total 104 3 chlorine, mg/L) ≥120 min ≥0.5 ≥0.05 105 Ozone (O3, mg/L) 0.3 - 0.02/ ≥0.05 if chlorine is ≥12 min added Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2, 106 0.8 mg/L) ≥30 min ≥0.1 ≥0.02

b. Ambient Air Quality Standards

34. Assessment of ambient air quality was in accordance with “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996) Grad II standards. However, the World Bank EHS guidelines9 (see below) are based on best international practice. Both the PRC standards and EHS guidelines are used in assessment of this project, of which the specific standard values are shown in Table II-9.

Table II-9: Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard Pollutant Time Standard (mg/m3)10 EHS (mg/m3) Annual average 0.06 n/a

SO2 Daily average 0.15 0.125 -0.05 (0.02 guideline) Hourly average 0.50 n/a Annual average 0.10 0.07 -0.03 (0.02 guideline) PM10 Daily average 0.15 0.075 -0.15 (0.05 guideline) Annual average 0.08 0.04 guideline

NO2 Daily average 0.12 n/a Hourly average 0.24 0.20 guideline Daily average 4.0 n/a CO Hourly average 10.0 n/a

9 World Bank Group, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines, World Bank, Washington. 10 A new standard has been issued in 2012 (GB 3095-2012), which will only become effective on 1 Jan 2016. Until then, GB3095-1996 remains valid.

c. Acoustic Environment Quality Standards

35. In accordance with the PRC “Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard” (GB3096-2008), constructed new roads are classified as Class 4a or Class II. Sensitive areas such as schools, hospitals, nursing homes and other noise sensitive spots are evaluated in accordance with “Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard” (GB3096-2008) Grade II standards according to the environmental function zoning identified by the local EPBs. The applicable environmental noise standard values and the applicable areas are shown in Table II-10. Table II-10: Acoustic Quality Standards (dB (A)) 11 Standard PRC EHS Applicable Area Category Day Night Day Night Suburb area along the water transmission pipeline and water intake I 55 45 n/a n/a point Outdoor of schools, hospitals (nursing homes, homes for the elderly) , II 60 50 55 45 and areas beyond 50 m distance from edge of roads Area within 50 m distance from edge of roads (including pipelines under 4a 70 55 n/a n/a the roads)

d. Noise Limits for Construction Sites

36. Construction activities must be in accordance with “Noise Limits for Construction Site” standard (GB12523-90), see Table II-11. Table II-11: Noise Limits for Construction Sites Standard (dB(A)) Noise limits Daytime Night 70 55

e. Surface Water Quality Standards

37. Assessment of surface water quality focused mainly on the WTP component in Baishan City and the bridge constructions in the infrastructure development component in Baicheng City and was in accordance with Grade II standard values of “Surface Water Environment Quality Standard” (GB3838-2002) for Xibeicha Reservoir, grade III for Baishan Section of Hunjiang River, and Grade IV standard values for other components, which is shown in Table II-12. Table II-12: Surface Water Quality Standards (mg/L, pH excluded)

Parameter pH CODMn BOD5 CODcr TP TN NH 3-N Petroleum Grade II Standard 6~9 ≤4 ≤3 ≤15 ≤0.1 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.05 Grade III Standard 6~9 ≤6 ≤4 ≤20 ≤0.2 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.05 Grade IV Standard 6~9 ≤10 ≤6 ≤30 ≤0.3 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 ≤0.5 Key: BOD5= 5 days biochemical oxygen demand, CODcr = chemical oxygen demand, CODMn = permanganate index, NH3-N=ammonia nitrogen; TN = total nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus

11 World Bank Group 2007

f. Wastewater Discharge Standards

38. The local EPBs confirmed that the wastewater discharged from construction sites should be in accordance with “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996). Specific standard values are shown in Table II-13. Table II-13: Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (mg/L, pH excluded)

Parameter pH CODCr BOD5 SS NH 3-N Petroleum

Grade II Standard 6–9 150 30 150 25 10

g. Emission Standard of Air Pollutants

39. Asphalt smoke during road constructions in Baicheng and pipeline work in Baishan will be in accordance with the Grade II standard of “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants” (GB16297-1996). The standard values are shown in Table II-14. Table II-14: Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (mg/Nm3) Maximum allowable Emission Fugitive emission concentration limits for Pollutant concentration monitoring points Particles —— 1.0 Asphalt Smoke 40-75 mg/Nm3 No fugitive emission

h. Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration

40. Construction activities will cause vibration impact, and should comply with the “Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB10070－88)”. The details are shown in Table 2-15. The bridge and road works of the project are located near both sides of traffic trunk line, so the project shall comply with the fifth standard listed in Table II-15. Table II-15: Vertical (Z) Vibration Standard Value for Various Urban Areas (Unit: dB) Scope of applicable area Day Night Special residential area 65 65 Residential, cultural and educational area 70 67 Mixed area and commercial center 75 72 Industrial centralized area 75 72 Both sides of traffic trunk line 75 72 Both sides of railway main line 80 80 The PRC Policies for Reduction of Vehicle Emissions, Source: Subproject EIA Reports 41. The Government of the PRC has a comprehensive program for the control and reduction of vehicle emissions. The current program12 includes the following main focus areas connected with vehicle emissions: (i) Improvement and stricter enforcement of national emission standards for new vehicles; (ii) Improvement of conventional fuels to make them cleaner with less GHG emissions; (iii) Use of alternatives or cleaner fuels; (iv) Improved maintenance and inspection of vehicles; and (v) Encouragement for the scrapping of older high emission vehicles.

12 The PRC’s “Air Pollution Control Action Plan (2013)”, issued by Ministry of Environment Protection.

F. The PRC’s Environmental Management Institutional Framework and the EIA Approval Process

42. The PRC’s Guideline of Environmental Protection Categories of Construction Projects (2008) provides detailed classifications of the EIA study, including 23 general categories and 198 subcategories based on the project’s nature, scale and environmental sensitivity. In accordance with the guideline, this project was classified into the categories of (i) urban transportation (roads and bridges); and ii) Urban infrastructure (water supply and solid waste disposal facilities). 43. Article Sixteen (16) of the PRC EIA Law (2003) stipulates that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)13 is required for any capital construction project producing significant environmental impacts, so as to provide a comprehensive assessment of these potential environmental impacts. On 2 September 2008, the MEP released the Guideline on EIA Classification for Construction Projects, which came into effect on 1 October 2008. According to this guideline, a project is classified into one of the following three categories: i) Category A: Projects with significant adverse environmental impact, a comprehensive environment impact assessments (EIA) is required. ii) Category B: Projects with adverse environmental impacts which are of lesser degree and/or significance than those of Category A; a tabular (simplified) EIA Report is required. iii) Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impact; an Environmental Impact Registration Form is required. iv) The full EIA under PRC EIA regulations are similar to the EIA or IEE for ADB financed projects under the ADB SPS. All project components were classified as category A. 44. MEP’s Guideline on Jurisdictional Division of Review and Approval of EIAs for Construction Projects (2003) provides two prescribed lists of projects for which EIAs must be reviewed and approved. The guideline was amended in 2009 to include a list of construction projects for which EIAs require MEP’s review and approval, and a list of projects for which EIAs will be delegated to the provincial EPD. Jilin Provincial EPD was authorized by the MEP to review and approve the EIAs for all projects financed by International Financial Organizations according to the current regulation. The institutional framework for the EIA approval process in Jilin Province is summarized in Table II-16. Table II-16: Institutional Frameworks for the EIAs Approval Responsible Division Scope of work (i) Organizes experts for EIA evaluation, including compliance with appropriate laws, Jilin Provincial EPD regulations and standards; and (ii) Final EIAs approval. Environmental management and supervision during project implementation, including the Baishan and Baicheng cities’ management and supervision of the implementation and fulfillment of the environmental EPBs mitigation measures and environmental monitoring. Source: EIA Institutes

45. In the PRC, the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations rests with the environmental protection authorities within each level of government. At the national level, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) is the regulatory, enforcement and supervision authority. Each province has an environmental protection department (EPD). The environmental management authorities at the sub-provincial level or city level are the environmental protection bureaus (EPB). These authorities are supported by their environmental monitoring stations and environmental protection research institutes.

13 Full environmental impact assessment report.

46. There is an environmental monitoring station (EMS) in each of the two project cities, which are responsible for regular monitoring of ambient environmental quality and the compliance monitoring of pollution sources in the project areas. The EMSs conduct compliance monitoring for the project cities quarterly.

47. The three EIA reports for the project components were prepared by two EIA institutes14 holding a national Grade A and B certificates in accordance with the Management Guideline on Qualification of EIA Institutes (MEP Ministerial Order No. 26, 2005). The final domestic EIAs are expected to be approved by mid February 2014. The PPTA consultants are assisting the finalization of the domestic EIAs.

Table II-17: Expected Date for EIA Completion and Approval No. Component Date of Final EIA Completion EIA Approval Date 1 Baishan Water Supply Plant and Pipeline 2 Baishan Municipal Solid Wastes Disposal Facilities 17 February 2014 31 March 2014 3 Baicheng Infrastructure and Solid Wastes Disposal Facilities Source: EIA Institutes

14 China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute (Grade A EIA Institute) prepared the two EIAs for Baishan components while Jilin Xinghuan Environmental protection Company prepared the Baicheng one.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Need for the Project

48. National and provincial policies. The PRC state government is accelerating the efforts to support sustainable urbanization and social-economic development. This aims to address the problems of medium sized cities’15 fast population growth over the last decade which was not followed by adequate infrastructure investments. The current situation doesn’t allow these cities to adequately absorb the flow of rural surplus labors, slow down their social-economic development, restrict them to fully deploy their urban functions, and increase negative impact on the environment, resource and residents’ living condition. The PRC’s 12th Five-year Plan (FYP) defines clear targets and measures to encourage the balanced development at all levels of the urban hierarchies16, reduce the current gap in municipal infrastructure and improvement of urban public services. The objectives of this strategy is to support a more inclusive and sustainable urban and rural development, balance the spatial development within each province, help to build a middle class, reinforce the vital link between city and countryside and decrease the congestion of major urban areas in most big cities.

49. Jilin Province is located in the middle of northeastern PRC. Based on the PRC’s 12th FYP, among the sixteen national development strategies outlined, sustainable urbanization and environmentally friendly socio-economic development are top priorities. The Jilin provincial government has created sustainable economic and social development strategies toward stable economic development, environmental protection and improvements in residents living condition.

50. The northeastern part of the PRC including Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces used to be the heavy industrial base, especially during the 1950s to 1980s before the PRC economic reform. Almost all enterprises are large state owned companies/factories with outdated technologies and poor management. The productivity was low and the products could not meet the economic development needs in both quality and quantities. After the economic reform, many of these enterprises went bankrupt. The area suffered big economic losses at the end of the last century. In order to improve the severe condition, the PRC state council initiated the “Strategy of Revitalization of Northeastern Old Industrial Base” to promote regional economic development. The strategy identified nine aspects including economic structure adjustment, new technology application, agricultural development, infrastructure development, economic transformation, green development, social development, Regional Corporation, and continuing economic reform. In the strategy, Baishan, one of the two project cities, was identified as the demonstration city for economic transformation for resource exhausted cities, while Baicheng was identified as an important transport and logistical center in the northeast PRC as well as the Europe-Asia continent.

51. The cities of Baishan and Baicheng are two prefecture capitals located in remote and poor regions of Jilin Province. They are the main urban center of their respective region. Their development is key to balance the development of the province, provide jobs and a good livelihood to their growing population, and prevent migrant to move to provincial major cities - Changchun and Jilin - already overcrowded and reaching a critical level of congestion.

15 The cities where the population is comprised between 0.5 and 1 million people. 16 Such as the recent release of guidelines from the China’s State Council for “registered permanent residence” reform, that ostensibly makes it easier for migrants to obtain permanent urban residence in small and medium-sized cities.

52. Need for improved transport infrastructure and municipal services in Baicheng. Due to the lack of transport infrastructure and linked services such as water supply and wastewater collection, the urban center is disconnected from the Baicheng Economic Development Zone (BEDZ). New residential areas have been developed without proper connection with other parts of the city. Currently it is estimated that about 100,000 residents (about one third of the city’s total population) are not yet connected to the existing municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), resulting in wastewater collection rate of 30% only. The construction of new transport infrastructure and associated facilities including pipelines for water supply, sewer, stormwater, communication, will create a rational link between the city areas. Moreover it will open well planned urban areas, providing new residential and mixed-function areas to accommodate future residents and economic activities and organize adequately the future urban growth. The project component will improve traffic management; promote public transportation such as bus priority lane and non-motorized traffic. The project will work with Baicheng city on urban planning improvement including urban plan and zoning, and provide advice on the development and management of BEDZ and promote a green, inclusive and competitive urban development.

53. Baishan City is identified as the urban development center in southeastern Jilin for processing industry and tourist development by the provincial government. The city is located in foothills of Changbai Mountain, the city used to be a resource-dependent city with major industries of timber production and mining. Due to over-mining and implementation of government’s policy for prohibition of tree cutting, the city becomes a resource-exhausted city, and has suffered big economic loss due to the significant reduction of industrial revenues. The city is facing the challenges of the economic transformation from the forest and mining industries to and processing industry and tourism. The proposed project components will contribute the economic transformation and promote the city’s competitiveness and make the city more attractive for outside investment.

54. Water/energy savings and climate change adaptation for the water supply component. The northern PRC, including Jilin Province is vulnerable to climate change, and more droughts in the future will require greater efficiency of water use. Due to previous low technical standards, aging of pipeline networks, and current poor efficiency of water supply dispatching, current NRW loss in Baishan is as high as 65%, resulting in inefficient water use, high water tariffs and excess energy consumption. Through the construction and upgrade of water supply distribution pipelines, installation of water meters, procurement of water pipeline leakage detection and repairing equipment, the development of water supply monitoring centers, promotion of public awareness for water conservation, and adoption of improved pump systems, the project will achieve significant water savings (an estimated 35% reduction in NRW loss) and energy savings, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well. The water supply component will greatly impact on the overall financial sustainability of the water scheme.

55. Water supply safety. Recent concerns have been raised regarding the quality of the water in the PRC. Studies have pointed out that nearly 50% of so-called drinkable water is unsafe for consumption. The project will support service providers to supply safe drinking water through water quality monitoring and assurance systems and avoid the limitations associated with relying on end-product testing as a means of water safety control. The project will identify risks and control measures along the water supply system (from water source to point of use), and will help define actions and investments that would be incorporated in the project design to guarantee that the water quality meets the PRC’s Drinking Water

Quality Standard (GB5479-2006)17.

56. Rationale for integrated MSW management components. The current daily generations of MSW are 480 wet tons in Baicheng and 350 wet tons in Baishan, respectively. In Baishan, the existing landfill is being rehabilitated to include leachate collection and treatment. However, Baishan’s landfilll will reach its capacity in 3-4 years. In Baicheng, the existing landfill has already reached its design capacity and a new landfill with a capacity of 123,000 m3 is under construction. The lack of collection system in the city leads to the presence of small dump sites everywhere within the urban areas. The cities have no solid waste soirting facilities, and no strategy to promote waste reduction, reuse and recycling (3R). There is a need to construct MSW sorting and composting facilities and extend the Baishan landfill, and improve the MSW collection system in the two cities.

57. Currently, the MSW is collected and hauled to the garbage stations and then to landfill sites by open trucks, which results significant impacts to local environment and sanitation. The subproject component will improve the existing MSW collection and transferring stations, equip the MSW system with enclosed MSW trucks, compressing equipment, and two trash bin system for recycle and non-recycle MSW.

58. The Project will provide institutional capacity-building and public awareness activities in urban infrastructure development and environmental management, as well as public participation and policy reforms to ensure sustainability of the Project in the project cities. The demonstration features with particular resonance for the environment include: (i) strengthening project environmental management and monitoring capacity during the implementation of the project from design to operation; and, (ii) emphasizing environmentally friendly and climate change resilient construction and operation of the project infrastructures.

59. The proposed project aims to promote balanced and environmentally sustainable urbanization and social-economic development in the two project cities. The project will support sustainable urban transportation, urban municipal service facilities, safe drinking water supply and integrated MSW management with “3R” principals.

60. The project complies with the two main development agendas of environmentally sustainable growth and inclusive economic growth promoted in ADB’s long-term strategic framework 2020. It is also in line with and supports the PRC country partnership strategy (2011-2015), which will support the PRC’s over-arching strategic goal of building a “comparatively well-off” society by helping foster inclusive growth and promote environmental sustainability.

61. The project is in line with the Jilin Provincial Twelfth FYP and the project cities 2020 Master Plans. The provincial Twelfth FYP calls for economic development, environmental protection, and building environmentally and ecologically friendly urban areas and town settlements.

17 The standard of GB5749-2006 includes 106 water quality parameters.

B. Project Impact, Outcome and Outputs

62. There are five project outputs (components) as shown in Table III-1, and described below:

63. Component I - Improved Urban Infrastructure in Baicheng: The component will improve the urban infrastructure and municipal services in the south and west urban areas in the city. The component includes: (i) construction of nine urban roads with a total length of 32.4 km including two 20 m span bridges and one twin cell railway underpass; (ii) 36.9 km water supply piping network; (iii) 63.2 km sewer pipeline, including a pump station; (iv) 59.9 km stormwater pipeline with two pump stations; (v) 33 km 10 kV power line; (vi) 33 km communication line; (vii) 1,582 street lights, traffic control and traffic management system; and (viii) landscaping.

64. Component II - Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management in Baicheng: The Baicheng MSW Component includes: (i) a 20 ton/d composting facility, including a 30 ton/d MSW sorting facility; (ii) construction of 12 new MSW transfer stations; (iii) upgrading of MSW management equipment including 12 self-loading trucks, 30 movable MSW compaction containers, 12 MSW compaction trucks, 4 kitchen garbage collection trucks, 50 MSW carts, and one construction material recycling machine; (iv) upgrading city cleaning and maintenance vehicles and equipment including 36 street cleaning and sweeping vehicles, 20 snow cleaning trucks, 10 water spray trucks, 10 sewer suction trucks and 5 sewer cleaning trucks, 10 construction waste trucks, MSW carts, trash and recycling bins.

65. Component III - Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management in Baishan: The Baishan MSW Component will improve and upgrade the existing MSW management systems by introducing the 3R concept of reducing, reusing and recycling. The component includes: (i) construction of a new MSW sanitary landfill with a daily capacity of 330 ton/day; (ii) establishment of a 20 ton/d composting site including 30 ton/d MSW sorting facility; (iii) rehabilitation of 15 MSW transfer stations; (iv) upgrading MSW handling equipment park including 15 self-loading trucks, 30 MSW compaction containers, 2 MSW compaction trucks, 4 kitchen garbage collection trucks, 15 MSW carts, and a construction waste recycling machine; (v) procurement of city cleaning vehicles and equipment including 4 sewer suction trucks, 15 street sweeping vehicles, 18 snow cleaning trucks, two moveable toilets, sewer pipe cleaning pipe, trash collection carts and tricycles, trash and recycle bins.

66. Component IV – Improved Water Supply Management in Baishan: The component will improve the water supply system in Baishan with safe and reliable drinking water supply and reduce non-revenue water (NRW). The component includes: (i) a 6.8 km water transmission line from Xibeicha Reservoir to Jiangyuan District; (ii) a 21.1 km water transmission line to the new WTP in Hunjiang District; (iii) a new 50,000 m3/d WTP; (iv) upgrade 11.1 km of existing water supply piping network and construction of 44.2 km water distribution pipeline; (v) water leakage detection and repair equipment; and (vi) capacity building in operation and maintenance of the existing water supply system to reduce NRW loss and provide better service.

67. Component V - Improved Capacity and Institutional Arrangements: The component will provide support for project implementation on project management, institutional strengthening, environmental management, capacity development and training.

Table III-1: Overview of Project Components and Subcomponents

No Description Type/ Category Unit Length/ Capacity 1 Improved Urban Infrastructure in Baicheng A Urban Roads and Bridges 1 Third Ring Road Urban Major m 11,304 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 24 m twin bridge) Railroad Underpass 2 Xiangyang Street (w/bus priority lanes) Urban Major m 4,505 3 Xinhua Xi Road (w/bus priority lanes) Urban Major m 2,724 4 Shengli Road Urban Major m 2,068 5 Xingfu Bei Street Urban Major m 1,330 6 Nanyi Street Secondary m 1,024 7 Taoerhe Road Secondary m 2,657 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 30 m) 8 Chunyang Road Branch m 3,881 9 Xinggong Road Branch m 2,927 subtotal = 32,420 B Municipal Service Facilities Water Supply m 36,932 Sanitary Sewer m 63,229 Stormwater m 59,890 No. 1 Stormwater Pump Station (Xinggong Road/G302, Capacity = 10,479 L/s) No. 2 Stormwater Pump Station (at existing pump station site, Capacity = 11,000 L/s) Power Supply 10 KV km 33 Communication km 33 Street Lighting each 1,582 Traffic Control and Traffic Management set 1 2 Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management in Baicheng a. Municipal Solid Waste Sorting and Composting Center ton/day 30

b. Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station 28 ton/day each 12 c. Urban Cleaning Equipment, MSW Container & Trash Bin set 1 d. Urban Infrastructure Maintenance Equipment Misc. 3 Integrated Solid Waste Management in Baishan a. Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill t/d 330 b. Municipal Solid Waste Sorting and Composting Center t/d 30 c. Municipal Solid Waste Collection Station ea 15 d. Urban Cleaning Equipment, MSW Container & Trash Bin Misc. 4 Improved Water Supply Management in Baishan a. Water Transmission Lines to Hunjiang and Jiangyuan Jiangyuan Water Transmission Line 30,000 m3/d m 6,800 Hunjiang Water Transmission Line 50,000 m3/d m 21,140 b. Water Treatment Plant for Hunjiang 50,000 m3/d c. Water Distribution Network in Hunjiang Upgrading existing water piping network m 11,138

No Description Type/ Category Unit Length/ Capacity New water piping network m 44,240 5 Improved Capacity & Institutional Arrangement A Project implementation support B Institutional Capacity Development including environmental management Source: Draft Project Administration Manual (February 2014)

68. The project has the following special features:

• MSW sorting and composting facilities. The proposed project applies a 3R concept for the improvement of current MSW management systems in both cities. MSW sorting and composting facilities with a capacity of 30t/d will be built in each project city. MSW received at the facility will be separated into recyclates, organic waste for composting, and the remaining portion for disposal in the landfill. The organic waste will be composted to produce organic fertilizer to be used for landscaping.

• Non-revenue water (NRW) management. NRW in Baishan reaches 65%. The high NRW is contributed by leakage from the aged water supply pipes, unbilled usage, inaccurate metering, etc. The project will develop a capacity development program including institutional strengthening, staff training, advanced technology for leakage detection and repairing, water supply metering, and public awareness for water conservation to reduce the NRW from 65% to 30%.

• Stormwater management and reuse. The Baicheng infrastructure component will introduce stormwater infiltration, collection and reuse to improve the stormwater management. A stormwater collection, storage and infiltration system located under the road landscaping strip will be introduced and installed as a demonstration feature along two roads. The system will reduce the direct discharge of polluted runoff to surface water and reduce risks of water logging as a result of increased surface sealing.

• ITS traffic management and control, bus priority lanes, traffic safety. In order to improve urban traffic safety and traffic congestion condition, the project will implement an ITS traffic management system in Baicheng, which will include a traffic monitoring system, red light and speeding violation monitoring system, and real time traffic condition displays. In addition, public bus priority lanes will be built along selected project roads. The bus priority lanes will illustrate the effectiveness of the public bus system and help the municipal government to implement more public bus priority lanes and other public transport facilities. All major roads will have separate lanes for non-motorized traffic. Pedestrian-priority traffic lights, safety islands, crosswalks (zebra lines), and boarding bays/islands will be established at all intersections. The subcomponent will be supplemented by a comprehensive traffic safety improvement component, to be planned and implemented under the coordination of international and national transport planning and traffic safety specialists, engaged under the Project’s capacity building component. The specialist will, amongst others, conduct an urban traffic safety audit to assess the existing situation (with special focus on pedestrian and bicycle safety, and public transportation system); review and update the urban traffic safety plans of the municipality; and develop and implement a detailed work plan for

improving urban traffic safety, addressing the 3E urban traffic safety program (Engineering, Education and Enforcement.

C. Detailed Description of the Project Components and Subcomponent (1) Component I –Improved Urban Infrastructure in Baicheng

a. Urban Roads and Bridges

69. There are nine urban roads and two bridges in the subcomponent as shown in Map A. The roads and bridges are located in the southwestern part of the city which is the new urban development area. The area has been developed in the last decade and the part of the road network has already been constructed. The project component will build new urban roads according to the development master plan, and improve the urban traffic management so that the road network can be functional properly. The summary of the proposed roads and bridges including the classification, right-of-way, design speed, design load and the length is shown in Table III-2.

Table III-2: Summary of Proposed Roads and Bridges Width Design Speed Design Live Length No Name Classification (m) (km/h) Load (m) 1 Third Ring Road Urban Major 55 50 BZZ-100 11,304 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 24 m twin bridge) Urban -A

Railroad Underpass (two twin cell culverts: 8.5+11.5 m )

2 Xiangyang Street (bus priority lanes) Urban Major 55 50 BZZ-100 4,505 3 Xinhua Xi Road (bus priority lanes) Urban Major 55 50 BZZ-100 2,724 4 Shengli Road Urban Major 45 50 BZZ-100 2,068 5 Xingfu Bei Street Urban Major 45 50 BZZ-100 1,330 6 Nanyi Street Secondary 30 40 BZZ-100 1,024 7 Taoerhe Road Secondary 30 40 BZZ-100 2,657 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 30 m) Urban -A

8 Chunyang Road Branch 35 3,881

9 Xinggong Road Branch 20 30 BZZ-100 2,927 Total = 32,420

RC= reinforced concrete, Source: PPTA Consultants, 70. There are five urban major roads, two urban secondary roads, two branch roads, two bridges and one railway underpass. The detailed cross sections for each road and the bridges are summarized in Table III-3.

Table III-3: Cross Section for Each Road and Bridge (Unit: m) Road/bridge SW NMV Sep MV Med MV Sep NMV SW Total 1. Third Ring Road 2.5 6.0 3.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 3.5 6.0 2.5 55.0 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 24 m twin bridge) 2.5 6.0 3.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 3.5 6.0 2.5 55.0 Railroad Underpass 2.5 6.0 3.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 3.5 6.0 2.5 55.0 2. Xiangyang Street (w/bus priority lanes) 3.0 5.5 3.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 3.5 5.5 3.0 55.0 3. Xinhua Xi Road (w/bus priority lanes) 3.0 5.5 3.5 11.5 8.0 11.5 3.5 5.5 3.0 55.0 4. Shengli Road 3.0 6.0 2.5 11.0 0.0 11.0 2.5 6.0 3.0 45.0 5. Xingfu Bei Street 3.0 6.0 2.5 11.0 0.0 11.0 2.5 6.0 3.0 45.0 6. Nanyi Street 5.0 0.0 2.0 8.0 0.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 30.0 7. Taoerhe Road 5.0 0.0 2.0 8.0 0.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 30.0 20 m RC Void Slab Bridge (W = 30 m) 5.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 30.0 8. Chunyang Road 3. 0 4.0 3.0 7.5 0.0 7.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 35.0

9. Xinggong Road 5.5 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 5.5 20.0 SW = sidewalk, NMV = non-motor vehicle lane; Sep = separation belt, Med = middle separation belt, source: PPTA Consultant

b. Municipal Service Facilities

71. In conjunction with the roads construction, the associated municipal facilities will be constructed, including pipelines for water supply, sewer, stormwater drainage, cables of power supply and communication, street lighting, traffic management facility and landscaping.

72. Water supply pipeline. The new water supply pipeline with the length of 36.9 km will be installed along the proposed roads. Based on the alternative study of piping material, it has been determined that for the pipe with the diameter of 400 mm or smaller, PE (polyethylene) pipe will be used, while for the pipe with larger diameters, the ductile iron pipe will be used. Water flow monitoring meters will be installed at the key control points of the pipelines.

73. Sewer pipeline. The new sanitary sewer pipes will be installed along the new and rehabilitated roads. The sewer pipes will be connected to the existing sewer network that is connected to the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A total of 63.2 km sewer pipe will be installed along the new urban roads (Table III-5). In addition to the pipe network, one pumping station will be built.

74. Stormwater drainage. The 59.9 km long stormwater drainage pipes will be laid under the roads. A demonstration section with the stormwater management features for pollutants removal, rainwater infiltration, underground storage and detention will be build. The scheme of the stormwater management system is illustrated in Figure III-1. In addition to the pipe network, two stormwater pump stations will be built to lift the stormwater to the drainage channel due to the extreme flat condition in the urban area.

Figure III-1: Curbside Stormwater Management for Infiltration

75. Cables of power supply and communication. The 10KV power supply lines with the length of

33 km will be laid under the roads; The 33 km long underground communication cable will be installed along the roads, including underground conduits and 120 manholes. 76. Traffic control. The traffic management system will be installed in the urban roads, which includes 37 traffic signals, a fiber optical network, and a large LED traffic information display screen.

(2) Component II - Baicheng Integrated MSW Management Component

77. The scheme of the MSW management system is shown in Figure III-2. At the selected residential communities, a double bin system to separate kitchen and non-kitchen waste is used. In addition, the recycle stations will be setup at the selected communities to collect and recycle paper and cardboard, plastic and glass, clothes, etc. The collected recycle items will be sent to the recycle stations scattered in Baicheng, which are privately operated businesses for profits and it’s popular in the PRC. The kitchen waste will be collected, transported to the sorting and composting center, in which he kitchen waste will be separated for composting, the composted fertilizer will be used for urban landscaping. The remaining non-usable waste will be transported to the landfill site for sanitation disposal. Currently in PRC, there is high percentage of construction waste in the municipal solid waste due to rapid urbanization and construction activities. The project will procure a construction waste recycling machine for each project city and place it at the sorting and composting center to treat the construction waste. The generated recycling materials can be used for landfill cover soil or the backfill materials for road and other construction.

Figure III-2: Scheme of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Baicheng (Top) and Baishan (Bottom)

78. Sorting and composting plant. The center part of the component is to build a demonstration organic waste composting facility with pre-sorting capacities to separate compostable, non-recyclable

38 and recyclable waste prior to composting. The key control parameters for the composting plant are summarized in Table III-4. The plant’s daily treatment capacity is 30 ton/day. The waste received in the plant will be conveyed and sorted through semi-automated techniques to separate paper, cardboard, plastic, metal and other usable parts for recycle and reuse, the organic parts for composting, and the remaining parts for final disposal in the landfill site. The sorting plant will occupy about 1.9 ha of land and the major structures in the plant include sorting workshop, storage, administration building, composting fields, wastewater tank. The major equipment in the sorting plant includes receiving and feeding, sorting and separating, conveying, composting, moving and packing. The detailed equipment list is shown in Table III-5. Waste sorting will be done manually, supported by semi-automated techniques (such as solid waste lifter, conveyors, magnetic metal removers, etc).

Table III-4: Design Parameters for Sorting and Composting Facilities - Baicheng No Name Unit Quantity 1 Daily sorting capacity ton/d 30 2 Area occupied ha 1.9 3 Daily composting capacity ton/d 20 4 Building area m2 1,311 5 Buildings i) Sorting workshop m2 520 ii) Storage m2 691 iii) Administration building m2 100 iv) Wastewater tank m3 150 Source: PPTA Consultant

Table III-5: Sorting and Composting Equipment – Baicheng No Name Type Unit Quantity Sorting Plant 1 Receiving hopper 3000x4500 each 1 2 Plate type feeder B1300x4400 each 1 3 Spreader B1300xØ800 each 1 4 Loading conveyor B1200x12200 each 1 5 Sorting platform 1 B4000x4500 each 1 6 Roller sorting machine Ø2000x6000 each 1 7 Output conveyor 1 B800x6500 each 1 8 Output conveyor 2 B800x6000 each 1 9 Magnetic metal remover RCDD-08 each 1 10 Output conveyor 3 B1000x12000 each 1 11 Sorting platform 2 B4000x4500 each 1 12 Output conveyor 4 B1000x8000 each 1 13 Lubricant and hydraulic oil set each 1 14 Solid waste lifter QD50 -105-B each 1 15 Work platform & stairs - set 1 16 Electronic control system - set 1 17 Air fresher system N = 8.0 kw each 1 18 Packing machine HPA-50 each 1 19 Receiving container HPA-50 each 16

Composting Plant - 20 Loader 3t each 2 21 Turner 146 kw each 1 22 Movable roller sieving machine 10 t/h each 1 23 Packing machine with scale - each 1 Construction Material Recycling 24 Movable construction waste recycling machine 180 t/h each 1 Source: PPTA Consultant

79. MSW transfer stations. The project will build 12 new MSW transfer stations. The proposed new MSW transfer stations will use advanced technologies and equipment for MSW handling. For each of the transfer station, one lifting truck will be equipped, with a total of 30 fully sealed compaction containers. In addition, 12 enclosed MSW compaction trucks will be purchased to collect and transport the MSW to the landfill site. The upgrade also includes the purchase of 49 small MSW carts and 4 kitchen garbage collection truck. The control parameter and equipment list for the transfer station is shown in Table III-6. And the locations of the MSW transfer stations are shown in Figure III-4.

Figure III-3: Location of Baicheng MSW Transfer Stations

Table III-6: Design Parameters and Equipment for MSW Transfer Stations – Baicheng No Name Type Unit Quantity 1 New MSW transfer station enclosed each 12 Storage capacity ton/d 28 Transfer station area 160 2 Movable MSW compaction container set 30 3 Self-loading truck 25t each 12 4 Enclosed MSW compaction truck each 12 4 Enclosed MSW cart 0.5t each 50 5 Kitchen garbage collection truck 6 m3 each 4 Source: PPTA Consultants

(3) Component III - Baishan Integrated MSW Management

80. Sorting and Composting plant. Similar to Baicheng MSW Component, the Baicheng MSW Component includes a demonstration MSW sorting and composting plant. The design parameters for the sorting and composting facilities are summarized in Table III-7, and the detailed equipment is shown in Table III-8.

Table III-7: Design Parameters for Sorting Plant - Baishan No Name Unit Quantity 1 Daily sorting capacity ton/day 30 2 Daily composting capacity ton/day 20 3 Area occupied ha 2.65 4 Building area m2 1,311 5 Buildings i) Sorting workshop m2 520 ii) Storage m2 691 iii) Administration building m2 100 iv) Wastewater tank m3 150 Source: PPTA Consultants

Table III-8: Summary of Sorting and Composting Equipment – Baishan No Name Type Unit Quantity Sorting Plant 1 Receiving hopper 3000x4500 each 1 2 Plate type feeder B1300x4400 each 1 3 Spreader B1300xØ800 each 1 4 Loading conveyor B1200x12200 each 1 5 Sorting platform 1 B4000x4500 each 1 6 Roller sorting machine Ø2000x6000 each 1 7 Output conveyor 1 B800x6500 each 1 8 Output conveyor 2 B800x6000 each 1 9 Magnitude metal remover RCDD-08 each 1 10 Output conveyor 3 B1000x12000 each 1 11 Sorting platform 2 B4000x4500 each 1 12 Output conveyor 4 B1000x8000 each 1 13 Lubricant and hydraulic oil set each 1

No Name Type Unit Quantity 14 Solid waste lifter QD50 -105-B each 1 15 Work platform & stairs set 1 16 Electronic control system set 1 17 Air fresher system N = 8.0 kw each 1 18 Packing machine HPA-50 each 1 19 Receiving container HPA-50 each 16 Composting Plant 20 Loader 3t each 2 21 Turner 146 kw each 1 22 Movable roller sieving machine 10 t/h each 1 23 Packing machine with scale each 1 Construction Material Recycling 24 Movable construction waste recycling machine 180 t/h each 1 Source: PPTA Consultants

81. Transfer stations. The Baishan MSW Component includes construction of 15 MSW transfer stations. Currently, there are 19 existing MSW transfer stations in the urban area, in which 15 stations will be upgraded the other 4 will be eliminated. Most of these transfer stations were built 20 or more years ago with low design standards. The technology will be identical to Baicheng. The control parameters and equipment list for the transfer station are shown in Table III-9.

Table III-9: Equipment for MSW Transfer Stations – Baishan No Name Building Area (m2) Capacity (t/d) Distance to Landfill (km) 1 Upgrade MSW collection stations: 1) Hekou Station 136 18 8.0 2) Yangguang Station 100 20 7.0 3) Diantie Road Station 86.4 26 6.0 4) Huimin Station 129.4 28 5.0 5) Jiefang Station - - - 6) Jinhe Station 118.4 28 2,5 7) Xingtai Station 147.29 26 4.5 8) Aimin Station 95.58 28 4.5 9) Tuanjie Station 93.6 - - 10) Xiaocheku Station 93.8 20 3.0 11) Tongjiang Station 88.8 - - 12) Gulan Station 91.2 28 3.5 13) Xinbei Station 128.7 26 5.0 14) Minhua Station 132 26 6.5 15) Jianxi Station 85.8 - - 16) Xianmingcun Station 129.6 20 9.6 17) Caizheng Station 127.5 10 9.0 18) Xiaobanshi Station 100.4 26 10.6 19) Tonggou Station 137.7 10 3.0 2 Equipment List: 1) Movable compaction MSW container 17 m3 each 30 2) Armed self-loading truck 25t each 15 3) Air fresher system each 15 4) Enclosed compaction MSW truck 12 m3 each 2 5) Enclosed MSW cart 2.2 m3 each 15 6) Kitchen garbage collection truck 6 m3 each 2

7) Kitchen garbage collection truck 4.8 m3 each 2 Source: PPTA Consultant

82. Landfill. The Baishan MSW Component includes the construction of Phase II of the municipal sanitary landfill. The site is large enough to accommodate the new landfill with a design operation period of 8 years. The design capacity is 530,000 m3 and the daily treatment capacity will be 330 tons. A leachate treatment facility with a treatment capacity of 150 m3/d has been completed in 2013, which will be put into operation before the end of March 2014. The capacity of the facility is sufficient for the treatment of leachate generated by the proposed landfill expansion. The treatment process of the facility is filtration + MVC evaporation + deionization (DI). The effluent of the leachate treatment facility will meet the PRC Pollution Control Standard for MSW Landfill (GB16889-2008). The landfill expansion work will comply with PRC design code for sanitary landfills (CJJ17-2004). The major structures of the landfill include exterior and interior dams, water blocking dam, drainage pipe, water proofing, gas collection system. The design parameters of the landfill are summarized in Table III-10.

Table III-10: Design Parameters for Landfill Expansion No Item Unit Quantity 1 Total landfill capacity m3 530,000 2 Daily treatment capacity t/d 330 3 Service year (w/ existing site) yr 8 4 Landfill: i) Exterior dam (top El 551 m) m 48 ii) Interior separation dam (top El 560 m) m 59 iii) Water blocking dam (top El 575 m) m 48 iv) Drainage pipe mm 1800 v) Leachate collection & treatment set 1 vi) Gas collection system set 1 vii) Leaking proofing - HDPE sheet set 1 Source: PPTA Consultants

(4) Component IV - Baishan Improved Water Supply

83. The component will build (i) two water transmission pipelines, one for Hunjiang District (to supply new project water treatment plant, WTP), and another for Jiangyuan District (to supply the existing Jiangyuang WTP18); (ii) one new WTP in Hunjiang District (to supplement the existing Nashan WTP), with the treatment capacity of 50,000 m3/d; and (iii) build and upgrade water distribution piping network in Hunjiang District. The water source will be the new Xibeicha Reservoir that is under construction will be completed and put into operation before the end of 2015 according to the plan. The due diligence for the associated reservoir is in the section below. 19

84. Water Supply Plant. Based on the alternative study during the PPTA, the final WTP site is selected at a high ground outside Shangdianzi Village. The site elevation is 520 m ASL, which is about 45 m higher than that of Hunjiang urban area and 60 m lower than that of the water source at Xibeicha Reservoir. The site elevation is ideal for power conservation, where the both raw water and supplied water can mostly by gravity with minimum need for power consumption. The design parameters and

18 To replace the current unreliable water source (Dayangcha River) which will be kept as emergency water source for the Jiangyuan WTP. 19 Nanshan WTP will continue its normal operation, and will be the alternative water source in case of accidental contamination of the Xibeicha water source.

43 structures for the WTP are shown in Table III-11 and Table III-12, respectively.

Table III-11: Design Parameters for the WTP No Name Unit Quantity Remark 1 Design capacity m 3/day 50 ,000 2 Plant area ha 4.5 3 Source water pre-chlorination mg/L 2.0 4 Water turbidity - Water source NTU 35-70 - Water output NTU 0.5 5 D osage of aluminum sulfate mg/L 30.0 Max – 60.0 6 P ercentage of self-water usage 6% Source: PPTA Consultants

Table III-12: Major Structures in the WTP No Item Unit Quantity Remark 1 Water mixing house (12x38.1 m) 2 story a. water mixing (9x12 m) - Water tank 6.2x5.7x9.0 m each 1 b. Coagulation workshop 29.1x12.0 m - aluminum sulfate storage tank (4.4x12x4.5 m) each 2 - aluminum sulfate liquid tank (1.8x1.8x42.7 m) each 3 - sodium carbonate tank (1.8x1.8x2.7 m) each 1 - sodium carbonate liquid tank (1.8x1.8x2.7 m) each 2 2 Water treatment house (90x42m) 2 story - Mixing and settlement tank (44.25x14.4x6.1m) each 2 - V shape filtration tank (22.8x10x4.8 m) each 1 - Flushing pump station (6x16.5x7 m) each 1 - Compress air station (6x10.5x5.7 m) each 1 3 Clean water tank (42x30x4 m) each 2 4 Chlorination house (15x12x3.6 m) each 1 5 Recycle water tank (15x6x4.9 m) each 2 6 Sludge tank (15x6x4.9 m) each 1 7 Sludge condense house (36x18x6.6 m) each 1 8 Sludge condense tank (9 diameter x 6.2 m) each 2 - Sludge balance tank (4.5x3.6x4.2 m) each 2 - Sludge dewater house (12x10.5x5.7 m) each 1 9 Sludge storage shed (12x7.5x5.7 m) each 1 10 Administration building m2 1,000 11 Repair workshop & storage (28x13.2 m) m2 740 12 Boiler house m2 300 13 Security guard house m2 25 Source: PPTA Consultants

85. SCADA System and NRW Reduction. A conventional water treatment process of coagulation - sedimentation - filtration - disinfection (chlorination) was designed for the WTP in the FSR (Figure III-4). In order to improve the operation energy efficiency and NRW reduction, a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system will be installed, which are shown in Table III-12. More than 10,000 water meters will be installed in the water supply network (the number will be identified in the detailed design). Three residential communities were selected as demonstration District Metering Area by installing water flow meters and monitoring system to check the water leakage situation, in addition, the advanced water leakage detection and repairing equipment will be procured for the NRW reduction.

Table III-13: Major Components of SCADA System No Item Unit Quantity 1 RTU set 20 2 GPRS Terminal set 20 3 Power measurement box set 20 4 Measuring box set 20 5 Power supply system set 1 Source: PPTA Consultant Table III-14: Water Leaking Detection and Repairing Equipment No Item Unit Quantity 1 Leaking sounding instrument each 4 2 Leaking checking instrument each 3 3 Correlator each 2 4 Area leakage monitoring system set 1 5 Metal pipe locator set 4 6 Pavement drilling machine set 1 7 Sounding rod each 8 8 Measuring wheel each 2 9 Leaking detection and repairing vehicle each 2 Source: PPTA Consultant

86. Water Transmission Pipeline. The alignments of the water transmission pipelines from Xibeicha Reservoir to the districts of Jiangyuan and Hunjiang have been relocated from the riverbed in the draft FSR to the underground during the PPTA due to operation and maintenance concern. Both the pipelines will start from the Xibeicha Reservoir. The Jiangyuan pipeline will run about 6.8 km to the existing Jiangyuan WTP, while the Hunjiang pipeline will run 21.14 km to the new WTP at Shangdianzi Village (the proposed WTP site). Ductile iron pipes will be used for the pipelines.

87. Water Distribution Piping Network. The subcomponent of water distribution network improvement include the upgrade and replacing part of the existing water pipes in the existing urban area and laying new water supply pipes. Based on the alternative study on pipe materials, it is proposed that ductile iron pipe will be used for pipe diameter larger than 300 mm and PE pipe will be used for smaller pipes.

Figure III-4: Treatment Process of the Proposed Baishan WTP (Source: FSR)

(5) Component V - Improved Capacity & Institutional Strengthening

88. The objectives of the component are to improve the EA and IA’s management and technical capacities to ensure the smooth implementation of the project. The component will provide technical and managerial support to the EA/IA’s on project and contract management, bid and procurement, financial disbursement management, and environmental management. The consultants will introduce and implement new concepts and technologies for 3R MSW management, low carbon water supply, urban development and planning, urban infrastructure management and maintenance, public transportation, etc. The proposed subcomponents include:

i) Project Implementation Support – To provide project implementation support on project and contract management, procurement, bidding document preparation, financial and disbursement management, safeguard monitoring and reporting for environmental, resettlement and social issues. ii) MSW Management – To provide training and technical support for the further development and implementation of the proposed integrated MSW system. The program will continue to provide support on development and implementation of the MSW system to ensure the successful implementation of the project. iii) Operation and Management of Water Supply System – To provide training and technical support on the implementation of NRW reduction program and water conservation plan. For NRW reduction program, the consultants will provide the guidance on the installation of flow meters, SCADA system, DMA system, and provide training on leakage detection and institutional strengthening. For the implementation of WTP, the consultant will help to update and refine the WTP; provide technical supports for upgrading the monitoring and water source protection system, and conduct training for the operation and maintenance staffs of the IA. iv) Road Safety – To provide assistance to improve urban road safety. Road safety has becoming a big problem due to the rapid urban development and fast growing number of vehicles. In general, urban road safety can be improved in the three interrelated aspects, sometimes referred as “Three E” system, which are: i) engineering to design the road without safety black spot; ii) education to educate the driver as well as the public to raise safety awareness; and iii) enforcement to enforce the traffic regulation and laws. v) Pedestrian and Public Transport Oriented Urban Transport – To provide technical assistance and training on the implementation of the proposed Baicheng Infrastructures component with special attention to the pedestrian and bicycle facilities, the bus priority lanes, street parking, and ITS application for urban traffic control. vi) Environmental Management – To provide technical and managerial assistance and training on the environmental management during the project implementation including construction sites environmental management, major environmental impacts and mitigation measures, internal and compliance environmental monitoring, low carbon water supply system, power conservation and GHG emission reduction. The detailed training topics are listed in the EMP.

D. Due Diligence for the Associated and/or Linked Facilities

(a) The Xibeicha Reservoir

89. The water source of the proposed Baishan WTP is the Xibeicha Reservoir, which is currently under construction, and will be completed and put into operation in 2016. The following paragraphs describe the reservoir in terms of its planning, engineering design, implementation status, and environmental implications. The reservoir’s operational regime and related impacts are discussed in

para. 198-205.

90. FSR and Design. The Xibeicha Reservoir is designated for municipal water supply (primary purpose), hydropower and flood control (secondary purposes). The FSR was prepared by the Tonghua Hydropower Design Institute, and approved by Jilin Provincial Water Resource Department (WRD) in 2002, with budget estimate of CNY 296.93 million. The preliminary design was completed jointly by the Yinhe Hydropower Design Co. and Bashan Municipal Hydrology & Hydropower Design Institute in 2009, and approved by the Jilin WRD in 2009 with the approval document No. of Ji-Water-Tech-2009-590.

91. Engineering and Construction. The reservoir structure is a rock-fill dam with concrete face, side-bank spillway. The diversion structure (conduit system) is located on the right bank of the river, with a length of 4,469 m. It will connect with the planned hydropower plant and the proposed WTP through the transmission pipeline. The major design parameters are shown in Table III-15, and the applicable design specifications are as follows: (i) Flood Control Standard of Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engineering (SL252-2000); (ii) Design Specification of Rock-Filling with Concrete Faced Dams (SL228-98); (iii) Design Specification for Earth-Rock Dams (SL274-2001); (iv) Design Specification for Reservoir Spillways (SL253-2000); (v) Design Specification For Hydraulic Tunnel (SL279-2002); and (iv) Specification for Stone masonry Dam (SL25-2006). The reservoir design has been reviewed by the PPTA team and is considered compliant with PRC design specifications for drinking water reservoirs. A small hydropower plant with a capacity of 3.2 MW is planned to be constructed in Wucha village. The plant will utilize hydro potential to generate GHG emission-free electricity and export it to the regional grid. Four turbines, with an output capacity of 800 kW each, will be installed in two power houses that will be continuously maintained by local personnel. The resulting power will be transported to the next sub-station of the regional power supply system where it is fed into the grid. Through this, the fuel mix will be upgraded with renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 7,000 tons of CO2 will be reduced every year. The Consultant has reviewed the reservoir design, and concluded that it was sound and basically compliant with relevant design specifications. The IA and the EIA institute reconfirmed that the design of the reservoir and all its approval documents (including FSR, preliminary design and detail design, as well as the EIA) remain valid. The reservoir is currently under construction, and will be completed and put into operation before end of 2016.

Table III-15: Main Characteristic of The Xibeicha Reservoir No. Items Unit Quantity 1 Catchment area km2 128 2 Average runoff flow m3/s 1.62 3 Design flood level m 715.85 4 Check flood level m 717.28 5 Normal water level m 713.40 6 Regulating characteristics of the reservoir - Single year regulation 7 Total storage capacity of the reservoir m3 16. 63 million 8 Maximum discharge volume of the spillway m3/s 485 9 Type of the dam - Rock -filled dam 10 Crest length m 305.3 11 Maximum height of the dam m 62.05 12 Type of the discharge structure - Spillway 13 Size of the spillway m 20 14 Length of the water tunnel m 4,469 15 Capacity of hydropower plant kW 3,200 (4x800) 16 Annual power generation kWh/a 12.85 million 126°32’ E, 42°06’N (Wucha 17 Location of hydropower plant - Village)

92. EIA for the Reservoir. An EIA for the reservoir was prepared in 2007/2008, and approved by the Jilin Provincial EPD on 25 November 2008 (document No. of Jilin_En2008-304). The EIA confirms that the reservoir is feasible from an environment point for view, and defines, amongst others, the need to ensure that the Xibeicha River downstream of the Xibeicha Reservoir receives a minimum flow at all times in accordance with the rule on minimum flow provision (0.14 m3/s)20, and the establishment of drinking water source protection zone (Chapter V of the IEE). The EIA concludes that the Xibeicha River is a small mountain stream, populated by common carp, loaches and catfishes, and that it is not a habitat for migratory fish. The tailrace of the planned hydropower plant is downstream of the Xibeicha reservoir. Thus the power plant is virtually not making any difference on the environment downstream of the reservoir.

(b) Linked MSW landfills

93. Baishan landfill and leachate treatment facility. The existing MSW landfill in Baishan was completed and put into operation in 2007, with a total capacity of 1.05 million tons (daily capacity of 350 tons) and a total area of 7.91 ha. The designed service lift is 8 years (from 2007 to the end of 2014).

94. The volume of landfill leachate in the rainy season (about 100 days) and dry season are 30m3/d and 10m3/d, respectively. The annual leachate generation is 4,150 m3/a, which is expected to double to triple after completion of the new landfill expansion (60-90 m3/d in rainy season and 20-40 m3/d in dry season). The leachate treatment facility with treatment capacity of 150m3/d has been completed in 2013, which will be put into operation before the end of March 2014. The capacity of the facility is adequate for treatment of leachate generated by the proposed landfill expansion. The treatment process of the facility is filtration + MVC evaporation + deionization (DI). The effluent of leachate treatment facility is anticipated to meet the PRC Pollution Control Standard for MSW Landfill of GB16889-2008. This will be confirmed through regular monitoring during the operation phase of the project.

95. Baicheng landfill and leachate treatment facility. There are two existing MSW landfills in the city. The Baicheng North Landfill is located nearby Yujia Village, with a total area of 2.0 ha. The landfill was built on natural lowland in 2002 without anti-seepage layer. The landfill was put into operation in 2002 and 370,000 tons of MSW have been disposed since then. The landfill was closed recently. The existing Baicheng South MSW landfill is located 10 km southeast of the urban area, with a total area of 44.4 ha and a total capacity of 3.39 million tons (including Phase I of 1.17 million tons and Phase II of 2.22 million tons). Phase I was put into operation in 2006, and will be closed in 2014. Phase II is ready for operation; the designed service life of the Phase II is 13 years (2014-2027).

96. The current leachate treatment plant, which adopts a combined UASB+H/O process, was completed in 2013, with a treatment capacity of 100 m3/d, and a current treatment load of 20 m3/a leachate. The effluent of the treatment facility is used as dust control spray water on the landfill site. Once Phase II of the landfill is put into operation, the leachate generation is expected to increase to 50 m3/d (mid-term) and 80 m3/d (long-term). The designed capacity of the leachate treatment facility is adequate.

97. The proposed Baicheng sewer pipeline sub-component will discharge 9,000 m3/d of domestic wastewater to the existing Baicheng WWTP. In Baishan, the project will increase wastewater discharge by approximately 40,000 m3/d (assuming an 80% water supply-to-wastewater conversion factor).

20 The minimum flow of 0.14 m3/s was defined based on (i) dry year flow (P=90%) in Xibeicha River; (ii) assessed need to ensure continuous flow in the downstream river for guaranteeing the river ecology and fishes survival.

Therefore due diligence for the existing WWTPs was conducted by the EIA institutes and the PPTA consultants during the PPTA, which is descripted below.

98. The existing WWTP in Baicheng. There is an existing WWTP in Baicheng City with a total designed treatment capacity of 100,000 m3/d, which adopts an activated sludge treatment process. The effluent of WWTP complies with Class 1-B of the PRC Discharge Standard of Pollutants from Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002). The WWTP was put into operation in June 2010 by Singapore Santar Group (a BOT project). Due to lack of sewer collection network, the current operation load of WWTP is less than 50%. The proposed ADB financed sewer pipeline work will increase the sewage collection rate by 18% (or 9,000 m3/d) according to the domestic EIA report. The existing WWTP has sufficient spare capacities to cope with this increased wastewater volume.

Table III-16: Performance of Baicheng WWTP Quality of Current Influent Quality of Current Effluent (average Class-B Standard I Parameter 21 (average concentration) concentration) GB18918-2002

CODcr 50 0 mg/l ≤60 mg/l 60

BOD5 300 mg/l ≤20 mg/l 20 SS 400 mg/l ≤20 mg/l 20 TN 50 mg/l ≤20 mg/l 20 22 NH 3-N 35 mg/l ≤8 mg/l 8/15 TP 4 mg/l ≤1 mg/l 1 pH 6-9 --- 6-9 Source: the EIA Report

99. The existing WWTP in Baishan City. The WWTP in Baishan City adopts the Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology (CAST) process with a treatment capacity of 50,000 m3/d. The WWTP will be expanded to 100,000 m3/d in 2015-2016 (before WTP completion date). The WWTP was put in normal operation in October 2010. The effluent of the WWTP complies with the Class I-B standard of GB18918-2002 (Table III-17).

Table III-17: Performance of Baishan WWTP Quality of Current Influent (average Quality of Current Effluent (average Class I-B Standard Parameter concentration) concentration) GB18918-2002

CODcr 450 mg/l ≤60 mg/l 60

BOD5 30 0 mg/l ≤20 mg/l 20 SS 30 0 mg/l ≤20 mg/l 20 TN --- ≤20 mg/l 20

NH3-N 35 mg/l ≤8 mg/l 8/15 TP 3 mg/l ≤1 mg/l 1 pH ------6-9 Source: the EIA Report

100. According to the FSRs and the domestic EIAs, as well as the due diligence conducted jointly by the EIA institutes and the PPTA Consultant, the existing WWTPs in the two project cities have sufficient treatment capacities to receive the wastewater that will be collected in the proposed sewer pipeline networks (including additional wastewater generated by the proposed WTP in Baishan). The effluent from the WWTPs meets the PRC Standard of GB18918-2002. Overall, the impact of the proposed components on the surface water quality is anticipated to be positive if the WWTPs keep normal

21 The PRC “Pollutants Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater Plants”. 22 8 mg/l -water temperature >12 ; and 15 mg/l- water temperature ≤12

℃ ℃

operation, and all mitigation measures are implemented. Internal monitoring of basic parameters (pH, BOD, SS) by facility operators, and regular compliance monitoring by the local EPBs during operation will assess possible unanticipated impacts of the project on water quality, and additional mitigation measures and corrective actions will be defined if necessary.

Figure III-5: The existing WWTPs in the cities of Baishan and Baicheng

(d) Linked Baishan Water Supply Plants (WTP)

101. The WTP in Hunjiang District. The only existing WTP in Hunjiang Disctrict, Nanshan WTP, is located in southern Hunjiang District with a current treatment capacity of 80,000 m3/d. The water source of the WTP is the Qujiaying Reservoir, with a storage capacity of 20.3 million m3. The treatment process at the WTP is coagulation – sedimentation – filtration and disinfection (chlorination). The current water supply capacity cannot meet the district’s water demand of 130,000 m3/d, and the WTP site has no space for expansion.

102. The WTP in Jiangyuan District. The existing Jiangyuan WTP, with a treatment capacity of 30,000 m3/d, is working far below its treatment capacity, due to high fluctuations of yield of its only water source, the Dayangcha River. The river’s water quantity and quality cannot meet the requirements: the quality of the water source fluctuates greatly and partly exceeds the PRC Drinking Water Quality Standard (GB5749-2006), partly caused by upstream pollution through ore and coal mines. The proposed water transmission pipeline will supply the Hiangyuan WTP from the Xibeicha Reservoir; the Dayangcha River will be kept as secondary water source to cover emergency situations, such as in case of interruptions of the main transmission line, or during extreme dry years. This dual water sourcing will increase redundancy and thus resilience of the water supply system for Jiangyuan District, recognized as a key climate change adaptation measure. The treatment process at the WTP is coagulation – sedimentation – filtration and disinfection (chlorination). The WTP is technical sound and does not need major repairs or upgrades. The mode of the Jiangyan WTP’s operation will not change, only the source of its water. Overall, the supply of the Jiangyuan WTP will significantly improve, and no current water user will be worse off.

IV. ESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE)

103. The description of the environment (biophysical and socio-economic) before the project implementation establishes (i) the environmental settings within which the project components will be implemented, and therefore the needs to be designed to suit, and (ii) the environmental values, which will be changed (either negatively or positively) by the project. The baseline environmental monitoring and survey undertaken by local environmental monitoring stations in Baicheng and Baishan, as well as the two EIA Institutes for each of the project components was determined by the feature of the component and proposed the environmental parameters which were relevant to their impact assessment.

A. Environmental Setting of Jilin Province

104. Jilin Province is located in the middle of the northeast of the PRC with the longitude from 121°38’ to 131°19’ E and the latitude from 40°52’ to 46°18’ N. The province borders Liaoning Province in the south, Heilongjiang Province in the north, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) in the west, Russian Federation in the east, and North Korea in the southeast across the Yalu River. The province covers an area of 187,400 km2, accounting for 2% of the nation’s total. The total population of the province was 27.5 million in 2012, accounting for 2% of the nation’s total, with the agricultural population of 12.73 million and non-agricultural population of 14.77 million. The provincial capital is Changchun and there are seven prefecture level cities (Jilin, Siping, Tonghua, Baishan, Liaoyuan, Baicheng, and Songyuan) and one minority autonomous state (Yanbian Korean Autonomous State). The GDP of the province achieved 1,193 billion CNY in 2012. The administrative division of Jilin Province is shown in Figure IV-1.

105. Jilin Province is located at the east of Eurasia and has temperate continental monsoon climate with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The average temperatures in January range from -200C to -140C. The average temperature in July is 200C. The annual average frost-free season range 100 to 160 days. The annual sunshine duration is about 2,259 to 3,016 hours. The average annual precipitation is 400-800 mm, mostly occurring during July to September.

106. The eastern part of Jilin Province is the mountainous area of the Changbai Mountains, with an elevation of more than 1,000 m, and the Jidong Hills, 500 m above sea level or lower. Other mountain ranges include the Jilinhada, Zhangguangcai, and Longgang mountains. Jilin is drained by the Yalu and Tumen rivers in the extreme southwest (which together form the border between the PRC and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea), by tributaries of the Liaohe River along the southern border, and by the Songhua and Nenjiang rivers, both eventually flowing into the Amur. In the western part of the province are the Songhua–Liao Plains, whose low and flat western section is the grain production base of the province. The catchment area of Songhua River is 128,200 km2, which accounts for 65.1% of the province’s area. The area of Liaohe River is 12,900 km2, Tumen River is 33,200 km2, Yalu River is 61,900 km2, and Suifen River is 2,400 km2.

107. Jilin Province is one of the PRC’s six major forested areas. Stretching about 500 km, the Changbaishan Mountains are renowned for their biodiversity and natural beauty. The land used for forestry in the province covers 9.72 million ha, accounting for 51.37% of the province’s total and ranking 12th in the country. The province’s forest coverage is 42.4%. The highest summit in the province, the White Cloud Peak of the Changbaishan Mountains, is 2,691 m above sea level. The prairies in western Jilin are in the center of the Songhua–Nenjiang Prairies, one of the famous grasslands in the PRC. The prairies are known for their rich forage grasses, most of which are perennial rootstock and bushy grasses. They are also one of the breeding bases of commercial cattle and fine-wool sheep in northern PRC. There are 4.379 million ha of grassland in the province, mainly in its western and eastern parts. Its

western part is the easternmost edge of the Euro-Asian grassland, where there are rich water resources and good-quality grass.

108. Jilin province is a nationally important commodity grain and soybean producer. In the agricultural areas, the main farm crops are corn, soybean, paddy rice, wheat, barley, and sorghum. Other important crops are beans, sugar beet, flax, and tobacco.

Songyuan City Changchun City Jilin City Yanbian Korean Baicheng Autonomous State City

Siping City

Liaoyuan City Baishan City Tonghua City

Figure IV-1: Administrative division of Jilin Province

B. Environmental Setting of Baicheng City

(a) Geography, Topography and Geology

109. Baicheng Municipality is located in the northwest of Jilin Province with the longitude from 121°38’ to 124°22’ E and the latitude from 44°13’57’’ to 46°18’ N. It is bordered with Songyuan City in the south and east, Inner Mongolia in the west, and Heilongjiang Province in the north. The territory of the city is about 230 km in north-south direction and 211 km in the east-west direction with a total area of 25,685 km2. It is the connection point of Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang Province. Under its jurisdiction there are one district of Taobei, where the project will be located in, two counties of Tongyu and Zhenlai, and two county-level cities of Taonan and Daan. The total area of Baicheng is 26,000 km2 with the total population of 2.029 million.

110. The topography of Baicheng from north to southeast are orderly low mountains, hill and plain, and the northwest site is higher. The northwestern part is at the extension of the Large Xingan Mountain

with the elevation at about 300-663 m ASL, the northeastern and southern parts are in hinterland of Songnen Plain with the elevation at about 130-140 m ASL. Baicheng is located on the quaternary alluvial fan by Tao’er River, and the geology is quaternary sediment layer, under which is clay layer, then the gravel bed. The seismic intensity is Grade VII. The main soil type is black earth.

(b) Meteorology and Climate

111. Baicheng has temperate continental monsoon climate with long, cold winters and short, mild summers. The spring is dry and windy, and the autumn is short and cool. The average annual precipitation is 430 mm, mostly occurring during May to September. The characteristic values of local meteorological parameters are shown in Table IV-1.

Table IV-1: Main Meteorological Parameters of Baicheng City Weather elements Unit Value

Annual average temperature °C 5.1 Extremely high temperature °C 40.6 Extremely low temperature °C -42 Average air pressure 100Pa 995.8 Annually average precipitation mm/a 430 Extremely maximum precipitation mm/a 726.3 Average wind speed m/s 3.5 Average evaporation amount mm/a 1,006 Maximum frozen earth depth mm 2,430 Dominant wind direction in the entire year W Average annual sunlight duration hour/a 2,919 Average annual frost free season day 144 Source: EIA report

112. There are nine (9) rivers in Baicheng Municipality, including Nen River, Tao’er River, Huolin River, Jiaoliu River, Najin River, Hu’erda River, Erlongtao River, Emutai River and Wenniugechi River. Within the territory, the Nen River flows from the Shijiazi Village of Dandai Town in Zhenlai County, and out of Baicheng at Sikeshu Village in the Daan, with a total length of 150 km in the territory of Baicheng. The Tao’er River, the first tributary of Nen River, begins at Taobei District, through the Yueliang Lake and flows into Nen River, whose total length in the territory of Baicheng is 285.83 km. There are more than 700 small lakes and ponds in Baicheng with the total area of 270,033 hectares (ha), which is beneficial for aquaculture and irrigation.

113. Baicheng city is located in a semi-arid area with limited surface water resources but rich in groundwater resources. 23 The annual average water resources in Baicheng are 2.272 billion m3 in total, of which surface water runoff is 189 million m3 (8.32% of the total) and groundwater is about 2.083 billion m3 (91.68% of the total). There are eight (8) reservoirs including Yuelingpao, Xianghai, Qunchang, Chuangye, Tuanjie, Xinglong, Shengli and Wujianfang, which are the major water sources in the municipality with a total storage capacity of 1.717 billion m3.

23 http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GHQJ200403004.htm

114. There is no surface water body within the project area, except an artificial channel to be constructed before 2016 according to the city’s master plan. The nearest Tao’er River is 25 km away from the project site.

(d) Ecological resources

115. Baicheng City has 1.17 million ha farmland (45.43% of the city’s total area); 405,900 ha of forest land (11.6%); and 377,600 ha of wetland areas. It has two national natural reserves (Xianghai and Momoge) and the Baolawendu provincial natural reserve, which belong to inland wetland and water ecological protection zones. There are 600 vegetation varieties, and 296 breeds of bird, in which the red-crowned crane, white-napped crane, white crane, white-head crane, white stork, white ibis and bustard etc. belong to treasure birds under national protection. The nature reserve areas are the key resting sites for the migration of East Asia migratory birds. Table IV-2 lists the natural reserves’ distance and direction to the Baicheng project site.

Table IV-2: Natural Reserve and Park in Baicheng Municipality Distance and direction to Project No. Name of Reserve/park Location Site 1 Momoge National Natural Reserve Zhenpen County 71 km northeast 2 Xianghai National Natural reserve Tongyu County 62 km southwest 3 Nen River Bay National Wetland Park Da’an City 102 km east 4 Balawendo Provincial Natural Reserve Tongyu County 114 km south Source: the EIA Institute

116. The Baicheng project components will be located in the urban area, where ecological resources are limited due to high population density and activity. Local fauna are mainly made up of grassland and farmland animals. The wild animals include hare, golden weasel, field mouse, magpie, crow and sparrow. The domestic EIA confirmed that there were no legally protected or endangered species within the project’s area of direct influence.

(e) Social and economic conditions

117. The total population of Baicheng City was 2.029 million in 2011, in which the agricultural population is 0.689 million and non-agricultural population is 1.34 million. There are 30 ethnic minority groups in Baicheng. The major ethnic groups are Mongol, Man, Hui and Korean. The ethnic minority population accounted for about 6% of the total population in 2011. (see also para. 140)

118. The GDP of Baicheng City reached CNY 61.54 billion in 2012. The ratios of the first, second, and tertiary sectors were 18.2%, 48.8% and 33.0%, respectively. This indicates that industrial production is the main contributor to the local economy and that the tertiary sector is also important for the local economy. The gross agricultural output value was CNY 19.99 billion in 2012, an increase of 11.4% over the previous year. The average income per capita for urban population was CNY30, 571 in 2012, an increase of 11.7% over the previous year.

119. Baicheng has five energy mineral resources, which are petroleum, natural gas, coal, oil shale and oil sand, in which the oil reserve is 195,8 million ton, and natural gas is more than 270 billion m3, and by the end of 2009 the coal reserve is 7.7 million ton. Mining is a pillar industry for the city’s economy.

C. Environmental Baselines of the Project Site

(A) Baicheng City 120. Environmental baseline monitoring for Baicheng City was conducted by Baicheng Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station (EMS) during the project preparation. The monitoring results are summarized below.

(a) Surface water quality - Baicheng

121. The baseline monitoring of surface water quality within the project impact area was performed during 24-26 Oct. 2013 along the drainage channel and at Dadongpo Pond (the drainage receiving water body). Three points were selected for the monitoring: point #1 is the domestic sewer drainage channel before the Baicheng WWTP (which will receive and treat wastewater collected in the project sewers); point #2 is after the WWTP treatment; and point #3 is the effluent receiving water body (Dadongpo Pond). The monitoring points are shown in Table IV-3 and Figure IV-2, and the monitoring results are presented in Table IV-4.

Table IV-3: Baseline Surface Water Monitoring Locations - Baicheng No. Description of Monitoring Location Purpose of monitoring The point in the urban drainage channel 1 km prior to the #1 Influent of the WWTP Baicheng industrial park #2 The drainage channel 1 km downstream of the WWTP (effluent of the WWTP) #3 Waste water discharge receiving area (Dadongpo Pond) 7.5 km downstream of the WWTP Source: domestic EIA report Table IV-4: Surface Water Quality in Baicheng City (mg/L, except for pH) Monitored Class III Standard of Class II Standard of #1 #2 #3 Parameter GB3838-2002 GB9 1891 -2002 pH 7.46 7.48 7.46 6-9 6-9

CODCr 248 36 26 20 100

BOD5 80 17 16 4 30 SS 60 19 17 --- 30

NH 3 -N 47.4 9.1 8.4 1.0 30 Source: Domestic EIA report.

122. According to Table IV-4, the five monitored parameters at the #2 point met the Grade II Standard of Pollutants Discharge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (18918-2002), which shows that the existing WWTP is operating properly. The four parameters of CODCr, BOD5, SS and NH3-N at the #3 point exceeded the Grade III standard of GB3838-2002, especially for NH3-N, caused by discharge of untreated domestic wastewater, and non-point source pollution (agriculture).

(b) Groundwater quality - Baicheng

123. Groundwater quality in the project area was monitored by the Taobei District EMS on 28 November 2013. The monitoring locations are shown in Table IV-5 and Figure IV-2. The monitoring results are shown in Table IV-6. The national Grade III Groundwater Quality Standard of GB14848-93 applies to the project site according to the local environmental functional zoning.

Table IV-5: Description of Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Locations - Baicheng

Sampling Code Monitoring Location Well depth (m) #1 Mafang Road 20 #2 Erlong Village 25 #3 The existing landfill site 30 Source: Domestic EIA report

Table IV-6: Groundwater Quality - Baicheng (mg/L, except for pH and coliform) Parameter 1# 2# 3# Grade III Standard of GB14848-93 pH 7.15 7.08 7.24 - NH 3 -N 0.085 0.080 0.076 0.2 CODMn 0.5L 0.5L 0.68L 3.0 Total coliforms <3 94 <3 ≤3 Source: Domestic EIA report

124. Table IV-6 shows that the three monitored parameters of pH, NH3-N and CODmn met the Grade III of the National Groundwater Quality Standard, and the total coliform of #2 point exceeded the standard, most likely as a result of contamination by untreated domestic wastewater discharge.

125. Daily average ambient air quality was monitored by the EMS for seven consecutive days in August 2013. Six samples were taken within the project area, in which the first four sites (#1 to #4) were monitored for the infrastructure component, while the last two sites (#5 and #6) were for the MSW component. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure IV-2 and Table IV-7, and the baseline data are shown in Table IV-8. The applicable standard is Grade II of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).

Table IV-7: Baseline Air Monitoring Locations - Baicheng Sampling Monitoring Location Description Code #1 Erlong Village West (upwind) of the project area #2 Baicheng Normal college Middle of the project area #3 Xiangyang Village South of the project area #4 Changqing Village North of the project area #5 Mafang Waste transfer station Air quality at a typical existing MSW transfer station #6 MSW Sorting/composting Center Air quality at the location for the MSW Sorting/composting Facility Source: the EIA Report Table IV-8: Daily Average Concentrations of the Monitored Pollutants – Baicheng Monitoring Monitoring Concentration Class II Standard of EHS Assessment Parameter Location Range GB3095-1996 Guideline Result #1 0.053 -0.081 Meet #2 0.052 -0.081 Meet #3 0.052 -0.080 Meet 3 PM 10 (mg/m ) 0.15 0.075-0.15 #4 0.053 -0.077 Meet #5 0.057 -0.092 Meet #6 0.056 -0.085 Meet #1 0.089 -0.129 Meet 3 TSP (mg/m ) 0.3 - #2 0.086 -0.134 Meet

Monitoring Monitoring Concentration Class II Standard of EHS Assessment Parameter Location Range GB3095-1996 Guideline Result #3 0.090 -0.130 Meet #4 0.088 -0.140 Meet #5 0.095 -0.144 Meet #6 0.094 -0.145 Meet #1 0.016 -0.027 Meet #2 0.018 -0.029 Meet

3 #3 0.018 -0.028 Meet SO2 (mg/m ) 0.15 0.125-0.05 #4 0.018 -0.028 Meet #5 0.019 -0.028 Meet #6 0.018 -0.028 Meet #1 0.019 -0.028 Meet #2 0.018 -0.026 Meet #3 0.019 -0.026 Meet 3 NO2 (mg/m ) 0.12 0.04-0.20 #4 0.020 -0.027 Meet #5 0.020 -0.028 Meet #6 0.020 -0.029 Meet Source: Domestic EIA Report.

Figure IV-2: Environmental Baseline Monitoring Locations and Environmental Sensitive Receptors for Baicheng Infrastructures and MSW Components (Source: the EIA Institute)

126. According to Table IV-8, the quality of the monitored ambient air in the project area all met the Grade II of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996), as well as the guideline values

recommended in the World Bank Group’s EHS Guidelines.

(d) Acoustic environment - Baicheng

127. Noise monitoring within the project area was conducted on 28 October 2013 at or nearby each of the construction sites. Thirteen points were selected in the BEDZ for the monitoring. The monitoring points are shown in Figure IV-2 and Table IV-9, and the monitoring results are listed in Table IV-10 below.

Table IV-9: Baseline Noise Monitoring Locations for the Project - Baicheng Sampling Monitoring Location Sensitive Receptor Description Code #1 Xingfubei Street Chengfeng Village 60m southeast of the road 40m west of the road (first floor of #2 Xiangyang Street Handicapped school the school) #3 Xiangyang Street Handicapped school Second floor of the school #4 Xiangyang Street Handicapped school Third floor of the school #5 Xiangyang Street Baicheng Center Hospital 160m west of the road #6 Sanhuan Road Baiping Middle School 40m west of the road #7 Sanhuan Road Erlong Village 20m west of the road #8 Sanhuan Road Chaoyang Village 80m west of the road #9 Sanhuan Road Hujiatun 20m north of the road #10 Sanhuan Road Orchard 200m north of the road #11 Tao’erhe Road Xiangyang Village 60m south of the road #12 Mafang Waste transfer Station Residential area 160m west of the project #13 MSW Sorting/composting Site Plant --- Source: domestic EIA report

Table IV-10: Baseline Noise Monitoring Data - Baicheng (dB(A)) No. Monitoring Result GB3096-2008 EHS Guideline Assessment Result Day 48.1 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #1 Night 43.6 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 49.2 70 (Grade 4a) 55 Meet #2 Night 43.8 55 (Grade 4a) 45 Meet Day 48.5 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #3 Night 44.2 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 48.3 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #4 Night 41.6 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 49.2 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #5 Night 42.3 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 52.7 70 (Grade 4a) 55 Meet #6 Night 41.9 55 (Grade 4a) 45 Meet Day 53.2 70 (Grade 4a) 55 Meet #7 Night 42.1 55 (Grade 4a) 45 Meet Day 51.3 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #8 Night 40.5 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 48.3 70 (Grade 4a) 55 Meet #9 Night 41.2 55 (Grade 4a) 45 Meet Day 43.7 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #10 Night 39.6 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet #11 Day 51.6 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet

No. Monitoring Result GB3096-2008 EHS Guideline Assessment Result Night 42.3 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 53.9 60 (Grade II) 55 Meet #12 Night 46.7 50 (Grade II) 45 Meet Day 51.5 65 (Grad III) --- Meet #13 Night 42.6 55 (Grade III) --- meet Source: Domestic EIA Report

128. The monitoring results (Table IV-10) show that the sound levels of the proposed MSW sorting and composting site met the Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) – Grade III (65 dB(A) for daytime and 55 dB(A) for nighttime). Other monitoring locations met the applicable standards of Grade 4a (70 dB(A) for daytime and 55 dB(A) for nighttime) and Grade II (60 dB(A) for daytime and 50 dB(A) for nighttime). All points complied with the EHS Guideline value (55 dB(A) for daytime and 45 dB(A) for nighttime).

D. Sensitive Receptors within Project Area of Influence

129. Sensitive receptor for impacts during both construction and operation of the project components have been identified in the domestic EIA Report, these comprise nearby villages, school etc. (Figure IV-2 above and Table IV-11).

Table IV-11: Sensitive Receptors within Project Area of Influence - Baicheng No. Project Sensitive receiver No. of household Distance & Direction of Rd

1 Xinhuaxi Road Erlong Village (K)24 100 30m north of the road 2 Chunyang Road Chaoyang Village (L) 14 80m south of the road 3 Xingfubei Street Changqing Village (B) 23 50m east of the road Chengfeng Village (A) 20 45m north of the road Orchard Village (D) 51 60m west of the road Baoping Middle School (I) 200 65m west of the road Baoping Primary School(J) 150 80m east of the road 4 Sanhuan Road Erlong Village (K) 100 65m west of the road Chaoyang Village (L) 62 90m west of the road Baosheng Village (M) 87 85m east of the road Xiangyang Village (P) 37 45m on both sites of the road 5 Tao’erhe Road Xiangyang Village (P) 18 40m on both sites of the road The Center Hospital (E) 200 150m west of the road The Special School (F) 230 35m west of the road 6 Xiangyang Street The Teachers College (G) 720 40m east of the road Baosheng Village (M) 87 80m south of the road 7 Shengli Road Chaoyang Village (L) 62 60m south of the road 8 Nanyi Street Xiangyang Village (P) 37 45m east of the road 9 Xinggong Road - - -

24 Letter on Figure IV-3

No. Project Sensitive receiver No. of household Distance & Direction of Rd

10 MSW Sorting and Composting Site - Source: The EIA Report.

E. Environmental Setting of Baishan City

(a) Geography, Topography and Geology

130. Baishan City is located in the southeast of Jilin Province, at about 292 km south of Changchun City (the provincial capital), with the longitude from 126°07’ to 128°18’ E and the latitude from 41°21’ to 42°49’ N, in the western side of the Changbai Mountain. The city is surrounded by Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the east, Tonghua City in the west, Jilin City in the north, and North Korea in the south across the Yalu River. The city is located in the mountainous area of Changbai Mountain, covered with thick forest. The total area of the city is 17,485 km2 with the population of 1.308 million (including an urban population of 467,000). The total GDP was CNY53.1 billion in 2012, ranked 8th among all 49 cities/counties in Jilin Province, and the GDP per capita was CNY41,325, ranked 12th in the province. The annual disposable income for the urban resident was CNY18,483, ranked as the second from the last among all nine prefectures and cities.

131. Baishan City is located in the west side of the Changbai Mountain, with the dimension of 180 km from east to west and 163km from north to south. The Changai lava plateau and Jingyu lava plateau cover the most area of the city. There are two mountain ranges of Longgang and Laoling in Baishan City, the elevation of Longgang Mountain range is 800-1200 m ASL with the relative height of 500-700 m, and the elevation of Laoling Mountain range is 1000-1300 m ASL with the relative height of 500-800 m. The seismic intensity in the project area is Grade VI. The main soil types in the project area are brunisolic soil, albic soil, and black earth.

(b) Meteorology and Climate

132. Baishan City has temperate continental monsoon climate with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The average annual precipitation is 883.4 mm, mostly occurring during May to September. The annual average temperature is 4.6℃. The characteristic values of local meteorological parameters are shown in Table IV-12.

Table IV-12: Main Meteorological Parameters of Baishan City Weather elements Unit Value Average temperature °C 4.6 Max. temperature °C 36.5 Min. temperature °C -242. Annually average precipitation mm/a 883.4 Average wind speed m/s 2.35 Average annual evaporation mm/a 1,096 Maximum frozen earth depth mm 1,650 Dominant wind direction SW A verage annual sunlight hrs 2,259 Average annual frost free season days 140

Source: Domestic EIA report

133. There are two river systems (Yalu River and Songhua River) in the area, in which the Yalu River is the main river system. The Yalu River originates from the northwest of the Laoyeling Mountain; the Hunjiang River is the biggest tributary of the Yalu River. In the area, the dry season of a year is from December to March, the spring flood season is from April to June while the summer flood season is from July to August. The City is located on the upstream of the Hunjiang River, with an average flow of 20.9 m3/s, and a total average annual runoff volume of 420 million m3. There is one middle-size reservoir (Qujiaying reservoir) and four small-size reservoirs in the city, with the total storage capacity of 34.79 million m3.

134. The Xibeicha River is a first tributary of Hunjiang River with the total length of 19.25 km, the total catchment area of 157.1 km2, and the current average flow of 1.62 m3/s (51.2 million m3/a). the associated Xibeicha Reservoir is located on the midstream of the Xibeicha River with the total designed capacity of 13.5 million m3 and dead storage of 0.6073 million m3. Downstream the reservoir, the Xibeicha River follows 9 km before it merges into the Hunjiang River. The length of Hunjiang River in Baishan Municipality is 67.7 km with the river basin area of 1,734.2 km2, and the average annual flow of Hunjiang River is 2.11 billion m3.

135. The groundwater of Baishan City is divided into five types, interstitial water from rock, fissure water from basalt, fissure water from clastic rock, fissure water from carbonate rock and fissure water from bed rock. The chemical component of groundwater is mainly bicarbonate. The groundwater resource amount in Baishan is 252 million m3 which accounts for 18% of total water resource amount of the city. Groundwater currently supplies for small water treatment plants, including Pearl Gate (Zhenzhumen Gate), Kucanggou, and Jinying, with capacities of 9,000 m3/d, 5,000 m3/d, 10,000 m3/d respectively. Due to groundwater pollution, these WTP are planned to be phased out. There are 130 natural mineral water sources in the city with the total flow rate of 257,100 m3/d.

(d) Ecological resources

136. Baishan City has 14,761 km2 forests with afforest coverage of 83%. 60% of the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve is in Baishan City. The ample forest resources provide the advantageous survival condition for the wild fauna and flora. There are more than 350 breeds of wild fauna in Baishan, in which there are 37 breeds of national protected animals, such as Manchurian tiger, brown bear, lynx, and musk deer. And there are more than 2,300 vegetation varieties, in which more than 900 medicinal plant varieties (ginseng, ganoderma, rhodiola rosea, gastrodia elata), 1,500 economic plant varieties, more than 200 food plant varieties.

137. The Baishan project components will be located on the foot of the Changbai Mountain and close or within the urban area. The domestic EIAs recorded no rare or endangered wildlife species or impact of the proposed works on any protected area or habitat area. Aquatic biodiversity in the Xibeicha River is reported in the FSR and EIA as uniformly low. Species noted were common carp and loach species. Nature reserves and the protected parks within 100 km from the project site are listed in Table IV-13 below. These are outside the project’s area of influence.

Table IV-13: Natural Reserves in Baishan Distance and direction to Project No. Name of Reserve/park Location Site 1 Changbai Mountain National Natural Reserve Fushong County 100 km east 2 Jingyu Provincial Natural reserve Jingyu County 35 km northeast Source: the EIA Institute

(e) Socio-economic conditions

138. Baishan was an important timber production center relying on harvesting trees from the Changbai Mountain forest. Since the PRC and Jilin province governments started to limit tree cutting for forest protection in the late 1980's, the city became a resource exhausted city and faced challenges to find new development directions for economic transformation. The city then has shifted the economic development direction to tourism development and natural goods production such as spring water and wild mushrooms. The annual GDP of Baishan City reached CNY 60.06 billion in 2012. The ratios of the first, second, and tertiary sectors are 8.9%, 59.6% and 31.5%, respectively. This indicates that industrial production is the main contributor to the local economy and that the tertiary sector is also important for the local economy. The gross agricultural output value was CNY 5.36 billion in 2012, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year. The average income per capita for urban population was CNY21, 282 in 2012, an increase of 15.1% over the previous year.

139. Poverty incidence: The urban poverty incidence of Baishan and Baicheng cities is 12.5% and 10.2%, respectively. Lack of labor, disease, unemployment and disabled are the main causes to make households poor.

140. Ethnic minorities (Baishan and Baicheng): About 188,600 ethnic minority people, accounting for 5.75% of total population, live in two project cities, mainly Manchu, Mongolia and Korea people. Most of them live in Changbai Korean Autonomous County and nine ethnic minority townships. The project will not be constructed in the ethnic minority areas. The Poverty and Social Assessment (PSA) and resettlement plans concluded that no centralized ethnic minority communities will be affected by the project. 45 ethnic minority persons from Manchu and Mongolia peoples, accounting for 2.35% of total APs, will be affected by land acquisitions and resettlement of the project; however, most of them are living in the project area in families married with Han nationality people. In addition, all of them understand Chinese language and are living in the same communities with Han people. They have the same economic status and living conditions. Therefore, no specific measures are prepared for ethnic minority peoples for the project.

F. Environmental Baseline of the Project Sites - Baishan

141. The two Baishan project EIAs were prepared by two different EIA teams, consequently, environment baseline monitoring was also conducted separately. The monitoring results are summarized below.

(a) Surface water quality

142. Baishan water supply component. The baseline monitoring of surface water quality was performed by the EMS for the Xibeicha River and Hunjiang River on 14 August 2013. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure IV-3. The national standard adopted for the water quality assessment is National Surface Water Quality Standard of GB 3838-2002), Grade III standard for the Hunjiang River. The monitoring results are summarized in Table IV-14. The Monitoring result shows that the five monitored parameters of pH, CODCr, BOD5, petroleum and NH3-N all met the Grade III standard of

GB3838-2002.

Table IV-14: Surface Water Quality – Baishan Water Supply Component (mg/L, except pH and temperature) 1 ＃(Xibeicha 2 ＃(No.501 Bridge 3＃ (Hun River at 1 km downstream of Grade III Parameter River) on Hun River effluent discharge point of the WWTP) Standard pH 7.34 8.05 7.59 -

CODCr 5 10.4 18.0 20

BOD5 2 2 2 4 Petroleum 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05

NH 3 -N 0.05 0.06 0.2 1.0 SS 4 12 6 - Cr+6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.05 Volatile phenol 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 Source: The EIA report.

143. The Xibeicha Reservoir will be the water source of the proposed WTP. Since the reservoir has not yet been completed, the water sample was taken at the designed reservoir location in the current Xibeicha River on 14 August 2013 by the EMS. The monitoring result shows that all monitored parameters meet the Grade II standard of GB3838-2002 (Table IV-15).

Table IV-15: Water Quality of Xibeicha River25 – Baishan Water Supply Component (mg/L, except pH and temperature) Parameter Value Grade II Standard Parameter Value Grade II Standard

pH 7.34 - Hg 0.00001L 0.00005 Sulfate 16.42 250 Cyanide 0.04L 0.05 Chloride 3.62 250 Fe 0.03L 0.3 Nitrate nitrogen 2.06 10 Mn 0.01L 0.1

CODMn 1.35 4 Cu 0.05L 1.0 CODcr 5L 15 Zn 0.05L 1.0 Pb 0.001L >6 LAS 0.05L 0.2

BOD5 2L 3 Se 0.005L 0.01 Fluoride 0.022 1.0 As 0.0005L 0.05 Volatile Phenol 0.002L 0.002 Cd 0.0001L 0.005 Petroleum 0.01L 0.05 Cr+6 0.004L 0.05 NH-N 0.05 0.5 L = lower than detection limit. Source: Domestic EIA Report.

144. In order to guarantee drinking water safety, the Baishan Municipal EMS conducted supplementary monitoring at three points of the Xibeicha River in November 2013. None of the monitored 17 pesticides (No. 23-40 in Table IV-16) was detected, and all other monitored parameters met the PRC Drinking Water Quality Standard of GB5749-2006 (Table IV-10). The monitoring result shows that the raw water of the WTP is good.

25 Sampling at the Xibeicha Reservoir location

Table IV-16: Water Quality of Xibeicha Reservoir – Water Supply Component (mg/L, except pH and temperature) No. Parameter Monitored Value Standard Value Standard Compliance

1 pH 7.34 6.5 -8.5 Meet 2 Odor and Taste No odor and taste No odor and taste Meet 2 Sulfate (mg/L) 16.42 250 Meet 3 Chloride (mg/L) 3.62 250 Meet 4 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/L) 2.06 10 Meet

5 CODMn (mg/L) 1.35 3 Meet 6 COD (mg/L) 5.0 15 Meet 7 Pb 0.001L 0.01 Meet 8 BOD5 2L 3 Meet 9 Fluoride 0.022 1.0 Meet 10 Volatile Phenol 0.002L 0.002 Meet 11 Petroleum 0.01L 0.05 Meet

12 NH 3 -N 0.05 0.5 Meet 13 Cyanide 0.04L 0.05 Meet 14 Fe 0.03L 0.3 Meet 15 Mn 0.01L 0.1 Meet 16 Cu 0.05L 1.0 Meet 17 Zn 0.05L 1.0 Meet 18 LAS 0.05L 0.2 Meet 19 Se 0.005L 0.01 Meet 10 As 0.0005L 0.05 Meet 11 Cd 0.0001L 0.005 Meet 12 Cr+6 0.004L 0.05 Meet 23 Malathion (mg/L) Not detected 0.25 Meet 24 PCP (mg/L) Not detected 0.009 Meet 25 HCH (total amount, mg/L) Not detected 0.005 Meet 26 Hexachlorobenzene (mg/L) Not detected 0.001 Meet 27 Dimethoate (mg/L) Not detected 0.08 Meet 28 Parathion (mg/L) Not detected 0.003 Meet 29 Bentazone (mg/L) Not detected 0.3 Meet 30 Parathion-methyl (mg/L) Not detected 0.02 Meet 31 Chlorothalonil (mg/L) Not detected 0.01 Meet 32 Mercury (Hg, mg/L) 0.00001L 0.001 Meet 33 Carbofuran (mg/L) Not detected 0.007 Meet 34 Lindane (mg/L) Not detected 0.002 Meet 35 Chlopyrifos (mg/L) Not detected 0.03 Meet 36 Glyphosate (mg/L) Not detected 0.7 Meet 37 DDVP (mg/L) Not detected 0.001 Meet 38 Arazine (mg/L) Not detected 0.002 Meet 39 Deltamethrin (mg/L) Not detected 0.02 Meet 40 DDTmg/L Not detected 0.001 Meet Source: the domestic EIA Report

145. Baishan MSW component. The monitoring of surface water quality was performed by the Baishan Municipal EMS during 11-13 September 2013. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure IV-3 and Table IV-17. The national standard adopted for the water quality assessment is National Surface Water Quality Standard of GB 3838-2002, Grade III standard for the Hunjiang River26 according to the local environmental functional zoning. The average monitoring results are summarized in Table IV-18.

Table IV-17: Baseline Surface Water Monitoring Locations – Baishan MSW Component Sampling Point River Section of monitoring #1 Estuary of Hunjiang River #2 Qidaohe section of Hunjiang River #3 Xi Village section of Hunjiang River Source: The EIA report.

Table IV-18: Surface Water Quality – Baishan MSW Component Parameter 1＃ 2＃ 3＃ Grade III Standard pH 8.21 8.61 8.19 -

COD Cr (mg/L) 11.83 13.83 15.70 20

BOD 5 (mg/L) 2.0L 2L 2L 4 Petroleum (mg/L) 0.01L 0.01L 0.01L 0.05

NH 3 -N (mg/L) 0.02L 0.16 0.01L 1.0 Source: The EIA report.

146. According to Table IV-20, all monitored parameters meet the Grade III standard of GB3838-2002, which indicate that the water quality of Hunjiang River (Baishan section) is generally good.

(b) Groundwater quality

147. Baishan Water Supply Component. The baseline groundwater quality was monitored by the Baishan EMS on 14 August 2013. The three monitoring locations are shown in the Figure IV-3 and Table IV-14. According to the local environment functional zoning, the National Groundwater Quality Standard of GB/T14848-93 – Grade III applies to the project area. The monitoring result is shown in Table IV-20, which indicates that the quality of the monitored groundwater met the Grade III of the National Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T14848-93).

Table IV-19: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Location – Baishan Water Supply Component Sampling Code Monitoring Location Depth from ground (m) #1 Ailin Village 5 #2 Shangdianzi Village 5 #3 Hunjiang District 20 Source: Domestic EIA Report Table IV-20: Groundwater Quality – Baishan Water Supply Component (mg/L, except for pH and coliform) Parameter 1# 2# 3# Grade III Standard pH 6.70 7.19 7.27 - Total Hardness 74 362 296 450 Sulfate (SO4 ) 18.94 87.71 43.46 250

26 See Map D.

Parameter 1# 2# 3# Grade III Standard NH 3 -N 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.2 NO 2-N 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 CODMn 1.2 1.4 1.5 3.0 Fluoride (F) 0.18 0.58 0.27 1.0 Cr6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.05 Arsenic (As) 0.0005 0.0035 0.0022 0.05 Iron (Fe) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.3 Zn 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.0 Cu 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.0 Mercury (Hg) 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0.001 Lead (Pb) 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.05 Cadmium (Cd) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.01 Manganese (Mn) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.1 Sou rce: Domestic EIA report.

148. Baishan MSW Component. The National Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T14848-93) – Grade III is applied for the project area. The baseline monitoring was conducted by the Baishan EMS on 23 September 2013. The monitoring locations are shown in the Figure IV-3 below. The monitoring results are shown in Table IV-21. According to the monitoring results, the NO3-N at 1# point exceeded the Grade III standard of GB/T14848-93 due to pollution from sewer discharge, while other monitored parameters met the standard.

Table IV-21: Baseline Groundwater Quality – Baishan MSW Component (mg/L, except for pH and coliform) 2# proposed landfill Parameter 1# Daqiaogou Area 3# Jiangbeitun Village Grade III Standard site pH 7.25 7.49 7.43 6.5 -8.5 NH 3 -N 0.02L 0.02L 0.02L 0.2 NO 2-N 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.02 Arsenic (As) 0.0005L 0.0005L 0.0005L 0.05 Mercury (Hg) 0.00001L 0.00001L 0.00001L 0.001 Cr6+ 0.004L 0.005 0.004L 0.05 Total Hardness 310 216 232 450 (CaCO3) NO 3 -N 21.09 1.57 3.03 20 Volatile Phenol 0.002L 0.002L 0.002L 0.002 Source: The EIA report. L – lower than detection limit

149. Baishan Water Supply Component. The baseline of ambient air quality in the project locations was monitored by the EMS for five consecutive days during 9-13 August 2013. Three samples were taken at the sites where the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) is applicable. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure IV-9. Table IV-13 summaries the monitoring results, which show that all monitored parameters of SO2, NOx and TSP satisfy the standard.

Table IV-22: Daily Average Concentrations of Pollutants – Baishan Water Supply Component

Monitoring Monitoring Concentration Value of Class II EHS Guideline Assessment Parameter Location (mg/m3) Standard Value Result #1 0.049 -0.097 0.3 Meet TSP (mg/m3) #2 0.041 -0.095 0.3 - Meet #3 0.047 -0.086 0.3 Meet

Monitoring Monitoring Concentration Value of Class II EHS Guideline Assessment Parameter Location (mg/m3) Standard Value Result #1 0.063 -0.078 0.15 Meet 3 SO 2 (mg/m ) #2 0.065 -0.078 0.15 0.125 -0.05 Meet #3 0.069 -0.076 0.15 Meet #1 0.025 -0.046 0.12 Meet 3 NO2 (mg/m ) #2 0.029 -0.043 0.12 0.04 -0.20 Meet #3 0.032 -0.046 0.12 Meet Source: Domestic EIA Report.

150. Baishan MSW Component. The baseline ambient air quality (NO2, PM10, SO2) at the project locations was monitored by the EMS for seven consecutive days, from 24 September to 1st October 2013, and the NH3 and H2S was monitored by the Sanitation Test Center of Jilin University during the same period. The applicable standard for the parameters of NO2, PM10 and SO2 is the Grade II of Ambient Air Quality Standard of GB 3095-1996. The Sanitation Design Standard for Industrial Facilities (TJ36-79) – Residential Area is applied for the NH3 and H2S. The monitoring locations are shown in Table IV-23 and Figure IV-12. Table IV-24 summaries the monitoring results.

Table IV-23: Baseline Air Monitoring Locations – Baishan MSW Component Sampling Code Monitoring Location Direction from the Project Distance to the Project (m) #1 Guanmenlizi West 2000 m upwind #2 Daqiaogou Southwest 800 m upwind #3 Proposed Landfill - - #4 Qingshanhu Northeast 2000 m downwind #5 Qinggouzi North 1500 m crosswind #6 Shirengou Southeast 1100 m cross-downwind Exact sampling point #7 Gulan Station Guotai Road #8 Caizheng Station Caizheng Community #9 Diantielu Station Dongsheng Road Source: The EIA Report.

Table IV-24: Daily Average Concentrations of the Pollutants – Baishan MSW Component Monitoring Monitoring Daily Average Grade II Standard of EHS Guideline Assessment Parameter Location Concentration GB3095-96 Value Result #1 0.037 -0.059 0.15 Meet #2 0.035 -0.059 0.15 Meet #3 0.036 -0.054 0.15 Meet 3 PM 10 (mg/m ) #4 0.036 -0.051 0.15 0.075 -0.15 Meet #5 0.034 -0.052 0.15 Meet #6 0.037 -0.059 0.15 Meet #7 0.036 -0.059 0.15 Meet

Monitoring Monitoring Daily Average Grade II Standard of EHS Guideline Assessment Parameter Location Concentration GB3095-96 Value Result #8 0.035 -0.054 0.15 Meet #9 0.036 -0.052 0.15 Meet #1 0.045 -0.075 0.15 Meet #2 0.047 -0.075 0.15 Meet #3 0.048 -0.072 0.15 Meet #4 0.046 -0.068 0.15 Meet 3 SO 2 (mg/m ) #5 0.047 -0.071 0.15 0.125 -0.05 Meet #6 0.045 -0.076 0.15 Meet #7 0.043 -0.078 0.15 Meet #8 0.050 -0.073 0.15 Meet #9 0.050 -0.073 0.15 Meet #1 0.034 -0.049 0.08 Meet #2 0.031 -0.053 0.08 Meet #3 0.033 -0.048 0.08 Meet #4 0.034 -0.049 0.08 Meet 3 NO 2 (mg/m ) #5 0.031 -0.053 0.08 0.04 -0.20 Meet #6 0.031 -0.048 0.08 Meet #7 0.033 -0.049 0.08 Meet #8 0.034 -0.047 0.08 Meet #9 0.033 -0.057 0.08 Meet TJ36 -79 (for

residential area) #1 <0.25 0.2 Exceed #2 0.25 -0.31 0.2 Exceed #3 0.25 -0.43 0.2 Exceed #4 0.25 -0.29 0.2 Exceed 3 NH 3 (mg/m ) #5 <0.25 0.2 - Exceed #6 <0.25 0.2 Exceed #7 <0.25 0.2 Exceed #8 <0.25 0.2 Exceed #9 <0.25 0.2 Exceed #1 <0.005 0.01 Exceed #2 0.005 -0.031 0.01 Exceed #3 0.005 -0.052 0.01 Exceed 3 H2S (mg/m ) - #4 <0.005 0.01 Meet #5 <0.005 0.01 Meet #6 <0.005 0.01 Meet

Monitoring Monitoring Daily Average Grade II Standard of EHS Guideline Assessment Parameter Location Concentration GB3095-96 Value Result #7 <0.005 0.01 Meet #8 <0.005 0.01 Meet #9 <0.005 0.01 Meet Source: Domestic EIA.

151. According to Table IV-24 above, NO2, PM10 and SO2 at all monitoring points met the Grade II Standard of GB 3095-1996; NH3 at all nine points exceeded the standard of TJ36-79 (for residential area), and the monitored H2S at three of the nine points (#1 to #3) exceeded the standard of TJ36-79. The cause for excessive odor emissions is the proximity to existing MSW transfer stations, which will be replaced with new transfer stations financed by the project.

(d) Acoustic environment - Baishan

152. Baishan Water Supply Component. Baseline noise was monitored on 14 August 2013 by the EMS. Fourteen (14) points were selected in the project area, which are shown in Figure IV-2. The monitoring data are listed in Table IV-25 below. The monitoring data show that the monitored sound levels met the Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) – Grade II (60 dB(A) for daytime and 50 dB(A) for nighttime. The monitored data at villages, schools and hospitals met the EHS Guideline value for residential areas (55 dB(A) for daytime and 45 dB(A) for nighttime).

Table IV-25: Baseline Noise Monitoring Data – Baishan Water Supply Component (dB(A)) Grade II standard of EHS Guideline Value No. Monitoring Location Monitoring Result GB3096-2008 Day 49.3 60 #1 East boundary of WTP Night 43.4 50 Day 57.9 60 #2 South boundary of WTP Night 45.9 50 - Day 48.3 60 #3 West boundary of WTP Night 42.9 50 Day 49.7 60 #4 North boundary of WTP Night 42.6 50 Day 51.8 60 55 #5 Ailin Village Night 43.4 50 45 Banshan No.27 Middle Day 52.1 60 55 #6 School Night 41.2 50 45 Day 53.3 60 55 #7 Jiangyuan District Hospital Night 45.0 50 45 Day 52.8 60 55 #8 Baishan No.3 Middle School Night 43.6 50 45 Day 51.1 60 55 #9 Zhazi Village Night 42.4 50 45 Day 53.4 60 55 #10 Shangdianzi Village Night 41.9 50 45 Day 51.0 60 55 #11 Xinhua Village Night 44.9 50 45

Chunjiang Garden Day 53.5 60 55 #12 Community Night 43.1 50 45 Day 49.4 60 55 #13 Mining Bureau Hospital Night 43.6 50 45 Day 49.1 60 55 #14 Huixin Community Night 42.5 50 45 Source: Domestic EIA Report (a) Acoustic environment - Baishan

153. Baishan MSW Component. Noise monitoring at the project areas was conducted on 23 September 2013 by the Baishan EMS to identify the acoustic baseline at or nearby each of the project components. Seven (7) points were selected within the project area including three (3) points (#1 to #3) at the proposed landfill site (as shown in Figure IV-3), and four (4) points (#4 to #7) for the MSW stations (as shown in Figure IV-3). The monitoring results are listed in Table IV-26 below. The Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB 3096-2008) – Grade I and II are applied for the proposed sites.

Table IV-26: Baseline Noise Monitoring Data – Baishan MSW Component (dB(A)) No. Monitoring Location Monitoring Result Standard of GB3096-2008 Day 49.2 55 (Grade I) #1 North boundary of the landfill Night 36.7 45 (Grade I) Day 50.2 55 (Grade I) #2 South boundary of the landfill Night 42.0 45 (Grade I) Day 46.0 55 (Grade I) #3 On the landfill site Night 41.0 45 (Grade I) Day 65.0 55 (Grade I) #4 Gulan MSW transfer Station Night 39.2 45 (Grade I) Day 54.6 55 (Grade I) #5 Caizheng Station Night 44.7 45 (Grade I) Day 57.7 55 (Grade I) #6 Diantielu Station Night 42.2 45 (Grade I) Day 58.0 60 (Grade II)27 #7 Aimin Station Night 40.2 50 (Grade II) Source: Domestic EIA report

154. Table IV-22 shows that the sound levels at the three points of the landfill (#1 to #3) and the point #5 met the Grade I Standard of GB 3096-2008 (55 dB (A) for daytime and 45 dB (A) for nighttime); the point #7 met the Grade II standard (60 dB (A) for daytime and 50 dB (A) for nighttime). Only the points #4 and #6 in daytime exceeded the related standards.

27 Based on the Environment functional Zoning issued by Baishan Municipal EPB in 2013, only the Aimin MSW transfer station (#7) is located in the Grade II acoustic environment functional zone.

Figure IV-3: Baseline Monitoring Locations for Both Baishan Water Supply and the MSW Components

G. Environment Sensitive Receivers within Project Area of Influence

155. Baishan Water Supply Component. Sensitive receptors for noise and air quality impacts during both construction and operation of the water supply components in Baishan City have been identified in the domestic EIA Report, these comprise nearby villages, schools and hospitals etc. (Figure IV-4 and Table IV-15).

Table IV-27: Sensitive Receivers within Project Impact Area – Baishan Water Supply Component Distance & Direction to water No. Sensitive Receptor No. of affected household or (people) transmission pipeline 1 Ailin Village 45 AHs 60m northwest Sanchazi Forestry Bureau Planned to be removed before the 2 50m east Shantytown area construction beginning 3 Sengong Community 30 AHs 20m east 4 The Existing Shantytown 15 AHs 80m west Shantytown on the west of 5 28 AHs 15m west railway 6 Dongcheng Community 12 AHs 25m west 7 Hexie Community 21 AHs 80m east Jiangyuan District People’s 8 120 APs 180m east Hospital 9 Jiangyuan District Hospital (30 APSs 45m west 10 Baishan No.3 Middle School (56 APs) 15m west 11 Baishan No.27 Middle School (20 APs) 20m west 12 Yulin Village 30 AHs 10m west 13 Xinhua Village 18 AHs 12m west 14 Wengquan Village 7 AHs 15m north 15 Hekou Village 42 AHs 35m south 16 Zhenjiang Primary School 40 APs 70m north Baishan Foreign Language 17 90 APs 100m north School 18 Yiyuan Community 40 AHs 50m north 19 Chenjiang Garden Community 18 AHs 30m south 20 Mining Bureau Hospital 70 APs 60m south 21 Huixin Community 20 AHs 25m south Source: The EIA Report. AP – affected people; AH – affected household

156. Baishan MSW Component. Sensitive receptor for impacts during both construction and operation of the project components have been identified in the domestic EIA Report. The sensitive receptors of the landfill are shown in Table IV-28 and Figure IV-4.

Table IV-28: Sensitive Receivers within Project Impact Area – Baishan MSW Component No. Sensitive Receptor No. of affected household Distance & Direction to the Landfill Expansion Site

1100 m southeast (there is a hill between the site and the 1 Daqiaogou Village 10 village) 800 m southwest (there is a hill between the site and the 2 Qinggouzi Village 16 village) 1500 m southeast (there is a hill between the site and the 3 Shirengou Village 30 village) Source: Domestic EIA Report

Figure IV-4: Environmental Sensitive Receivers for both Baishan Water Supply and the MSW Component

V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

157. Potential project impacts, both positive and negative, were assessed through site visits, technical analysis, as well as consultations with government agencies and local communities, and dialogues among the EA, IAs, DIs, EIA institutes and PPTA consultants. Potential impacts and environmental issues during construction include noise, air, and water pollution, fugitive dust, soil erosion and contamination, construction waste disposal, interference with traffic and municipal facilities, land acquisition and resettlement, and occupational and community health and safety. Issues during operation of the water supply component include noise and energy efficiency of WTP pumps, drinking water source protection (Xibeicha Reservoir), and occupational health and safety during the WTP operation; for the integrated MSW components, the major impact during operation include community health and safety concerns around solid waste transfer stations, sorting workshop, composting yard and expanded landfill (odor and pest control); during the operation of Baicheng road and bridge component, issues include traffic noise and air quality at some sensitive areas along the project roads, as well as traffic safety. Potential impacts to physical, biological and socioeconomic environment are discussed below. Impacts and issues related to design, pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project are considered separately. The impact assessment covers direct impacts – those directly due to the project itself; indirect and induced impacts – those resulting from activities arising from the project, but not directly attributable to it; and cumulative impacts – impacts which in combination would exert a significant additive influence.

A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits

158. Direct project beneficiaries. The project will bring significant benefits directly to about 1.12 million urban residents in the project areas including 0.6 million population in Baishan City and 0.52 million in Baicheng City, by improving drinking water safety and water supply coverage, urban infrastructures and supporting environmentally sustainable 3R MSW disposal, and increasing urban sanitation facilities. Of the total direct beneficiary populations, approximately 49.1% are women, 16.5% live under the local urban poverty lines of less than CNY280 per capita per month in Baishan and CNY297 in Baicheng, and 4% and 6.5% of the beneficiaries are ethnic minorities in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively.

159. The Baishan water supply total capacity has reached its maximum and cannot ensure 24-hour water services for the city population. Currently, 70% of the population (140,000 people) does not have full-time access to water. The decline of water supply amount from Dayangcha River in Jiangyuan district is increasing the water shortage in the district. The supply capacity also needs to be increased to serve the growing Hunjiang District population. The city’s existing water distribution network is suffering from a high NRW level assessed at 65%. The project will finance the construction of a new WTP, supply Jiangyuan district WTP with a new reliable water source, install new water distribution pipelines, and rehabilitate old water network. It will also finance specific equipment dedicated to NRW reduction, and energy efficiency. This will be guided by the implementation of a 10-year water supply management improvement roadmap, incorporating best practices in water management, and water governance.

160. The improved urban infrastructure component in Baicheng will help the city establish efficient, safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly urban transport systems including public transportation facilities, bicycle lanes, pedestrian crossings, and traffic management facilities. The component will improve the municipal services through the provision of pipelines and conduits for water supply, sewer collection, stormwater drainage and district heating, which will benefit the local economies and residents’ health, increase the coverage rates of water supply, heating supply, sewage collection and reduce

waterlogging in the urban area. The component will expand the stormwater collection coverage in the project areas by 40 km2.28 9,000 m3/d of domestic wastewater will be collected in the project’s sewers, which will be connected to the existing Baicheng WWTP, where wastewater will be treated to Class I-B standard prior to discharge (see the due diligence for the WWTP below). Curbside stormwater collection and infiltration will be piloted along three project roads, reducing the risk of waterlogging.

161. The MSW components will improve the urban sanitation condition by enhancement of the garbage collection and management program to improve the conditions of random dumping and littering in the two urban areas. The project will upgrade the waste collection system introducing segregation at source, maximizing waste recycling, establish a kitchen waste composting program targeting 20% of the cities’ population, and providing waste recycling machines. A community-based solid waste management system focusing on source segregation of kitchen waste and recyclates will also be piloted in 41 communities.29 This will be guided by a 10-year ISWM roadmap in each city.

162. GHG emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction benefits of the improved urban infrastructure component in Baicheng are derived primarily from the following major interventions: (i) promoting enhanced energy efficiency through higher quality of road surfaces, grades and curve radii, improved road network connectivity, reduced road congestion and travel time; (ii) promoting public transportation and non-motorized transport (low carbon transportation modes) following the PRC programs on vehicle emissions, clean fuel regulations, and public transport priority policy to maximize the benefits; and (iii) the application of LED street lights, which is expected to save 530,000 KWh30 per year of electricity, resulting in a CO2 emission reduction of 528 t/a as compared to conventional street lighting.

163. For the Baishan water supply component, reduction GHG emission reduction benefits are derived primarily from the following interventions: reduction of NRW from 65% to 30%; improvement of energy efficiency through improved pump efficency (through SCADA); and optimized siting of the water treatment plant (to avail of gravity-flow supply). As a result, annual energy savings and GHG emission 31 reduction of 939,328 kWh and 937 tons of CO2, respectively, will be achieved. The expected energy saving and GHG emission reduction are shown in Table V-1.

Table V-1 Energy Savings and GHG Emission Reduction by the Proposed WTP Item Unit Amount

Water supply capacity of proposed WTP m3/d 50,000 Annual water supply amount m3/a 18,250,000 Unit power consumption of proposed WTP (based on the FSR) kWh/m3 0.048 Unit power consumption of the existing WTP (based on the Baishan Nanshan WTP in 2012) kWh/m3 0.06587

28 Source: domestic FSR. 29 21 communities in Hunjiang District (Baishan) and 20 communities in Taobei District (Baicheng) were selected to pilot and demonstrate solid waste sorting at source. The communities were selected based on the following principles: (i) the total capacity of the kitchen waste composting plant; (ii) even geographical distribution with the project areas to maximize demonstration potential; (iii) availability of space for protected collection stations within communities (bins for kitchen waste need to be placed near each apartment building) with easy access for collection vehicles; and (iv) a good mix low-, middle- and high-income communities with different types of community organizations. To note that 5 and 4 low-income communities were selected in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively). 30 Totally 484 LED street lamps will be installed on the proposed secondary and branch roads in Baicheng City, each LED lamp will save 1,095 kwh electricity annually in comparison with conventional high pressure sodium lamp. 31 Calculated based on comparison with the existing Nanshan WTP in Baishan City (2012 figures); the unit coal consumption is average PRC data for coal-fired power generation; reducing NRW from 65% to 30% will reduce water consumption (and thus production and transport) by 6.3875 million m3 annually.

Item Unit Amount

Annual power consumption for proposed WTP kWh 876,000 Annual power consumption for equivalent WTP based on existing WTP kWh 1,202,128 Annual power saving by proposed WTP including NRW reduction kWh 939,328 Equivalent standard coal saving tce 376

Annual CO2 emission reduction t/a 937 Annual water loss at 65% NRW m3/a 11,862,500 Annual water lose at 30% NRW m3/a 5,475,000 Annual water saving by reducing NRW from 65% to 30% m3/a 6,387,500 Source: calculated by the EIA Institute and the PPTA consultant

164. Climate Change adaptation. During the PPTA, the potential impacts due to increase of extreme weather events including rainstorms or droughts were considered. A water balance analysis was conducted for the source of water for the WTP in Baishan (i.e. the Xibeicha River) in dry years (80% probability of water deficit) and extreme dry years (95% probability of water deficit)32. Resilience building activities in relation to water management focus on: (i) repair and maintenance of the water supply system to reduce NRW from 65% to 30%; (ii) increasing the number of supply options and thus redundancy (by including Xibeicha River and its reservoir as new water source) to deal with changes in conditions or emergency situations; (iii) demand management, i.e. public education to reduce water intensity; and (iv) through water supply safety planning, the city’s capacity will be strengthened to identify problems with water resources, establish contingency plans33 and mobilize resources to tackle water safety risks. Capacity building measures will also enhance the city’s ability to internalize past experiences and failures and make improvements to the water supply system. Related to climate change adaptation of the improved urban infrastructure component in Baicheng, design specifications have been defined for high-capacity drainage pipelines in Baicheng (flagged as project assurance). New roads and bridges will improve road connectivity that will be beneficial in coping with any increase in incidence of natural disasters and extreme weather events, providing efficient and alternative routes for both emergency vehicles and escape.

165. Poverty reduction and social benefits. The project will benefit directly 0.786 million people in Baicheng and Baishan by improving municipal services of road network, transportation, and urban water supply, providing safe drinking water, establishing 3R-based solid waste management system, and promoting sustainable and inclusive development. The direct beneficiary people include 86,500 low income population. In addition, the project will benefit indirectly about 0.364 million rural residents in the two cities by solving infrastructural bottleneck and improving municipal services. Both cities have above average urban poverty rates for the province (12.5% in Baishan, 10.5% in Baicheng and 6.0% in Jilin in average) and poor infrastructure and services have been identified as critical constraints for economic and social development.

166. It is estimated that a total of more than 22,600 person-months will be created by the project and most of them will provided to local people, including local poor, and at least 30% will be provided to women. During the project construction, a total of about 3,370 job positions will be created directly, including about 337 technical and management positions, about 846 positions of skilled labors, and

32 See discussion on water balance analysis in para. 198-204. 33 See para. 204 for discussion on draft contingency plan (including emergency preparedness and response) in case of extreme dry years.

about 2,187 positions of unskilled labors. During the project operation, a total of about 321 job positions will be created directly during the project operation, including 19 technical and management positions, 107 positions of skilled labors, and 195 positions of unskilled labors.

167. A social action and gender action plan have been prepared for the project. Both plans aim to ensure participation and voice of communities in urban management of the cities. Actions include: implementation of traffic safety34 and water conservation awareness programs, monitoring of public participation in the public hearing process for water tariffs, targets for employment of local labor, women and the poor during construction and implementation. In addition, The PSA highlighted the necessity and potential of more community involvement in some non-structural activities of the project. This applies in particular to the solid waste sorting at source in 41 communities in two project districts which will contribute to the success of the kitchen waste composting program, improve community solid waste management and help form the basis for the city wide 3R program. Creation of the community-based waste management groups and outreach to schools will help ensure sustainable impacts of the infrastructure improvements. Social and gender indicators will be included in the project performance management system (PPMS), and appropriate consultant inputs for implementation and monitoring of both plans are included in the supervision consultant package.

168. Gender. The project has been designed to be effective gender mainstreaming. A GAP was prepared, detailing project measures, to ensure women’s participation and employment benefits. The PMO will implement the GAP measures, monitor impacts, and provide ADB with sex-disaggregated data on employment and participation as detailed in the GAP’s monitoring section and other project documents. An assurance for implementation of the GAP has been included.

B. Environmental considerations related to Project Location, Planning, Design and Pre-construction Phases

169. A number of environmental management measures have been implemented in the project preparatory phase to ensure that appropriate plans and documentation to determine environmental performance of construction and operation of subprojects are in place. All the project sites (WTP, MSW sorting workshops and composting yards) were carefully selected to avoid and/or minimize earthwork and other potential adverse impacts on the environment and surrounding communities. All components have undergone the EIA process under the PRC laws and regulations. The EIA reports were prepared by qualified EIA institutes, and were approved by Jilin Provincial EPD. The plan EIA for the BEDZ and the EIA for the associated Xibeicha Reservoir have been approved by the provincial EPD. Project level grievance redress mechanisms (GRM) in the two project cities have been defined and will be operational prior to construction. Additional pre-construction measures for this project include:

i) Updating EMP. Mitigation measures and monitoring plan defined in this EMP will be updated and incorporated into the detailed design to minimize adverse environmental impacts. This will be the responsibility of the JPPMO and PIUs, supporting by the loan implementation consultant;

34 A traffic safety subcomponent will be planned and implemented under the coordination of international and national transport planning and traffic safety specialists, engaged under the Project’s capacity building component. The specialist will, amongst others, conduct an urban traffic safety audit to assess the existing situation (with special focus on pedestrian and bicycle safety, and public transportation system); review and update the urban traffic safety plans of the municipality; and develop and implement a detailed work plan for improving urban traffic safety, addressing the 3E urban traffic safety program (Engineering, Education and Enforcement.

ii) Confirmation of land acquisition and resettlement. The LAR plans will be updated with the final inventory and the results will be incorporated into the detailed design; iii) Bidding document and contract documents. The updated EMP will be included in the bidding documents and contracts for procurement of civil works, goods and services. All contractors and subcontractors will be required to comply with the EMP; iv) Training in environmental management. Environmental specialists including Loan Implementation Environmental Consultants (LIECs) will provide training in implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors construction supervision companies (CSC), the PIUs and the EMUs; v) Institutional strengthening, including (i) appointment of at least a qualified environment specialist in each PIU; (ii) hiring of LIECs (an international and a domestic) within loan administration consultant services by JPPMO; and (iii) contracting of city environment monitoring stations (EMS) by each PIU to conduct environment monitoring during both construction and operation phases; vi) Before construction, contractor and CSC will be required to prepare a Site Environmental Management Plan and an Environmental Supervision Plan respectively.

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction (all Components)

(A) Impacts on Topographic Characteristics and Soils (earthwork, soil erosion, soil contamination)

170. Earthwork. The project will require significant earthwork. In Baicheng, the construction of roads and associated services will require 551,000 m3 of soil excavation, and filling of earth and gravel amounting to 381,000 m3 and 143,596 m3, respectively. The total surplus earth is 313,596 m3. 280,000 m3 of this surplus will be for within the BEDZ. 24,200 m3 of inert material will be transported to an approved spoil disposal site. 35 Earthworks for the MSW sorting and composting facility is listed in Table V-2 below. The estimated surplus earth of 9,388 m3 will be used as cover material for the nearby sanitary landfill.

Table V-2: Earth Balance for Each Project Component in Baicheng (m3) Road/bridge/MSW Facility Excavation Filling Borrow earth Surplus earth Third Ring Road 216,000 146,000 56,292 126,292 Xiangyang Street 79,000 58,000 20,588 41,588 Shenglixi Road 45,000 35,000 11,727 21,727 Shengli Road 30,000 21,000 7,818 16,818 Xingfubei Street 20,000 12,000 5,212 13,212 Nanyi Street 10,000 8,000 2,606 4,606 Tao’erhe Road 25,000 18,000 6,515 13,515 Chunyang Road 45,000 32,000 11,727 24,727 Xinggong Road 20,000 14,000 5,212 11,212 Xiangyang Roundabout 10,000 6,000 2,606 6,606 The railway underpass at the Third Ring Road 21,000 15,000 5,473 11,473

35 The approved spoil disposal site is located on lowland nearby Chunyang Village, 5.4 km southwest of the project site. The site was approved by Baicheng Municipal Urban Management Bureau in 2011. The capacity is 450,000 m3.

Cross-channel bridge (on the Third Ring Road) 8,800 5,000 2,293 6,093 Cross Tao’er River bridge 8,200 4,000 2,137 6,337 Subtotal 538,000 374,000 140,206 304,206 Baicheng MSW sorting/composting Plant 13,000 7,000 3,388 9,388 Total 551,000 381,000 143,596 313,596 Source: domestic EIA report

171. Required earthworks for the Baishan components (water supply and MSW) are listed in Table V-3. The components will generate 339,960 m3 of surplus earth that will be transported to Dayangcha Town of Jiangyuan District, where two new construction sites require 450,000 m3 of earth.

Table V-3: Earth Balance for Each Project Component in Baishan (m3) Water Supply/MSW Facility Excavation Filling Surplus WTP construction 78,340 13,656 64,684 Water transmission pipeline 293,491 94,679 198,812 Water distribution pipeline 38,413 11,378 27,035 Subtotal 410,244 119,713 290,531 Landfill expansion works 68,482 22,053 46,429 MSW sorting and composting site 10,000 7,000 3,000 Subtotal 78,482 29,053 49,429 Total 488,726 148,766 339,960 Source: domestic EIA reports

172. Impact on soil, soil erosion, soil contamination. Construction activities could affect soil in the project areas through erosion, contamination, and differential compaction. Constructions of water intakes may contribute to sediment entering the Xibeicha Reservoir if construction methods are not strictly followed. The construction of the Xibeicha Reservoir and the water transmission pipeline will need to be properly coordinated. Soil erosion may be caused by construction of WTP and MSW disposal facilities. Other areas prone to soil erosion include foundation pits, pipeline trenches, spoil sites, temporary construction sites, and other areas where surface soil or vegetation are disturbed. The domestic EIAs predict low soil erosion intensities (200 t/km2.a) during construction when surface vegetation is disturbed. Increased soil erosion may also occur after completion of construction if site restoration and re-vegetation is inadequate. Soil contamination may result from the inappropriate transfer, storage, and disposal of polluted earth, petroleum products, chemicals, hazardous materials, liquids and solid waste.

173. Construction plans will include soil erosion and contamination control prescriptions for construction work areas, including (i) constructing intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; (ii) limiting construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; (iii) stabilizing all cut slopes, excavated trenches, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; (iv) properly storing petroleum products, hazardous materials and wastes on impermeable surfaces in secured and covered areas; (v) removing construction wastes from the site to the approved disposal sites; and (vi) establishing emergency preparedness and response plan (Spill Management Plan) including spill cleanup equipment at each construction site and training in emergency spill response procedures. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites.

174. Internal inspection and monitoring for soil erosion will be conducted by CSCs; compliance inspection and monitoring will be conducted by a licensed institute following the monitoring plan defined the EMP. Inspection and monitoring results will be submitted to the PIUs and JPPMO, each city EPB and WRB to serve as basis for project implementation progress reports and acceptance of construction.

(B) Impact on Air Quality (dust, gaseous air emissions, noise)

175. Gaseous Air Pollution. Construction machinery on all sites will consume petrol and diesel, releasing gaseous SO2, CO, and NOx. Equipment will be maintained to a high standard to ensure efficient running and fuel-burning. High-horsepower equipment will be provided with tail gas purifiers. Atmospheric monitoring will be carried out during the construction period. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant PRC emission standards.

176. The Baicheng PIU informed that pre-mixed asphalt will be purchased for road surface paving.

However, if any asphalt is heated and mixed on site, there is potential for flue gases emissions. Currently, modern asphalt mixing equipment used in PRC releases typical emission concentrations of asphalt flue gases of 22.7mg/m3. This figure complies with asphalt flue gas discharge requirements of 80-150mg/m3 of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standard (GB16297-1996). It also complies with the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) which limits the concentration of benzopyrene at 0.01μg/m3 100 meters downwind from the asphalt mixing station. The use of this equipment, as was the requirement to site asphalt mixing stations at least 200 meters away from residential areas, is stipulated by the EMP.

177. Dust. All construction sites will produce fugitive dust from material storage areas, dump sites, concrete mixing, excavation and general site usage – especially under windy conditions. It is estimated that under general conditions (with an average wind speed of 2.5 m/s), dust will impact an area 250m downwind of the source. Road and pipeline construction are a linear activity, and dust impact on a specific location will be short-term and temporary, lasting from several weeks. Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. The operators will regularly maintain the shrouds to ensure their effective operation. For both construction sites and construction roads, water spraying for the suppression of dust and maintenance of driving surfaces will be standard site management practice. Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or other fine materials to and from the construction sites will be covered.

178. Noise. A significant increase in noise is expected during construction, due to various construction and transport activities. Construction activities for roads, the WTP, pipelines and MSW facilities will involve excavators, bulldozers, graders, stabilizers, concrete-mixer, drills, screening plants, rollers, and other heavy machinery. Noise during road and pipeline construction will be generated by trench excavators, rollers and other compaction machine. Though noise levels may be severe, the noise will be temporary and localized. The major construction machinery noise testing values are shown in Table V-4.

Table V-4: Testing Values of Construction Machinery Noise Distance between Measuring Site Maximum Sound Level No. Machine Type Model and Machinery (m) Lmax (B) 1 Wheel loader Model XL40 5 90 2 Wheel loader Model XL50 5 90 3 Grader Model PY160A 5 90 4 Vibrating roller Model YZJ10B 5 86 5 Two-wheeled two-vibrating Model CC21 5 81 roller 6 Three-wheeled roller 5 81 7 Tire roller Model ZL16 5 76 8 Bulldozer Model T140 5 86 9 Tire hydraulic excavator Model W4-60C 5 84 10 Paver (UK) Fifond311ABGCO 5 82 11 Paver (Germany) VOGELE 5 87 12 Generating set FKV-75 1 98 Source: EIA Reports (Ministry of Transportation, 2006. “Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Road Construction)

179. Construction equipment noise source is considered as a point sound source, and the predictive mode is as follows:

R LL 20lg i ∆−−= L i 0 R 0 Where, Li and L0 are equipment noise sound levels at Ri and R0 respectively. ΔL is additional diffusion attenuation produced by barriers, vegetation and air.

180. As for the impact of multiple construction machineries on a certain future position, sound level superposition is needed:

L 1.0 ×Li 10lgΣ= 10

181. Noise levels at different distances are gained after calculating the impact scope of equipment noise during construction as defined in Table V-5. The PRC “Standard of Noise Limits for Construction Sites” (GB12523－90) specifies the noise limit Class II area as 70 dB (A) during daytime and 55 dB (A) during nighttime. The standard compliance noise impact scope (m) of different machineries is listed in Table V-6.

Table V-5: Noise Values of Construction Machineries at Different Distances dB (A) Distance to Machinery Machinery Name 5 m 10 m 20 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 150 m 300 m Excavator 84 78 72 66 64 63 60 58 55 47 Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 66 65 62 60 57 49 Land scraper 90 84 78 72 70 69 66 64 62 54 Loader 90 84 78 72 70 69 66 64 62 54 Roller 86 80 74 68 66 65 62 60 57 49 Concrete-mixer 87 81 75 69 67 66 63 61 58 50 Asphalt concrete paver 85 79 73 67 65 64 61 59 56 48 Source: Domestic EIA Reports.

Table V-6: Civil Works Equipment Noise Impact Scope Limit Standard (dB)36 Impact Scope (m) Construction Stage Construction Machinery Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Excavator 75 55 15 150 Bulldozer 75 55 18 180 Earth and Stone Work Land scraper 75 55 29 290 Scraper loader 75 55 29 290 Piling Pile driver 85 Prohibited 126 / Road roller 70 55 32 180 Truck 70 55 67 266 Vibrator 70 55 53 224 Structure Dump truck 70 55 20 11 2 Mixing machine 70 55 29 200 Asphalt concrete paver 70 55 29 160 Source: Domestic EIA Reports.

36 Standard of Noise limits for Construction Sites (GB 12523-90).

182. The noise impact distances during construction for compliance with the PRC Standard of Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12524-90) are up to about 130 m away from the source during the day and 300 m at night (Table V-6). In addition, construction materials, surplus spoil and construction wastes will be transported to and from the construction sites during the average 10 hour workday for the construction season of about 250 days per year in the project area for about 4 years. As a result, urban residential areas, schools, hospitals and villages through which haul roads pass and which are adjacent to construction sites will frequently experience noise levels at 70–80 decibels in the audible scale. Activities with intensive noise levels not only will have an impact on the residents, but also may cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment.

183. Although the noise impacts will be transient and temporary, the following mitigation measures are essential for construction activities to meet PRC construction site noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors. Construction at night shall be strictly prohibited. During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard of GB 12523-90, and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used in urban areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas such as residences, schools, and medical centers; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield schools, residences and medical centers.

184. Impact of bridge construction on river hydrology. Two bridges with 20 m span will be constructed in Baicheng City. One will cross an existing stormwater drainage channel, and the other will cross a planned artificial channel, to be constructed in 2015. Both channels are seasonal drainage channels in urban areas, with no ecological value. The bridges have been designed based on the PRC flood control standard of 1-in-50 years. The construction of these bridges may obstruct peak flows and cause backup of water upstream. It is unlikely that bridge construction will contribute to bank erosion or cause further excessive amounts of sediment to enter the water due to the reinforced channel banks. Bridge pier construction will be conducted during the dry season. Banks will be protected by matting and sediment traps, and on the completion of construction by the planting of grass and stabilizing vegetation to prevent soil and water loss. Slurry from pile drilling in the channel bed will be pumped to shore and properly disposed of. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the impact on water quality. Pier construction in will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow.

185. Surface and groundwater contamination. Wastewater produced during construction will come from washing aggregates, pouring and curing concrete, wastewater from maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment and vehicles. During the construction period, there will be four (4) and three (3) construction sites during same period in Baicheng and Baishan, respectively. The domestic EIAs estimate that each construction site will generate about 6 m3/d of construction wastewater. The peak work force is estimated at 300 and 250 workers in Baicheng and Baishan, respectively. The daily domestic wastewater discharge from each worker is 0.05 m3. The construction and domestic wastewaters generated during construction are summarized in Table V-7. Wastewater from construction activities will be collected in sedimentation tanks and filter tanks to remove silts and oil. All areas where construction equipment is being washed will be equipped with water collection basins and sediment traps. The risk of surface water contamination during the laying of water transmission lines in Baishan is not considered significant if soil erosion and contamination control measures defined in para. 172-173 are implemented. Water quality (for pollutants such as SS, CODcr, oil, and grease) in rivers will be monitored during construction in accordance with the EMP monitoring program to identify and confirm results of the impact assessment and effectiveness of adopted mitigation measures.

Table V-7: Summary of Wastewater Generated during Construction (m3/d) Item Baicheng Baishan total Construction wastewater 24.0 18.0 42.0 Domestic wastewater 15 12.5 27.5 Total 39 30.5 69.5 Source: Domestic EIA Reports

186. Groundwater in the project’s areas of influence is generally relatively deep (5-30 m). No significant impact on groundwater resources is anticipated during construction roads and auxiliary facilities (Baicheng), main transmission pipelines and the WTP (Baishan). No wells are located in the area of potential impact. However, fuels and chemicals used for road and pipeline constructions could contaminate groundwater if they are not properly stored and disposed. Spills of toxic substances resulting from traffic accidents during construction may also contaminate groundwater if no proper emergency response is undertaken. Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds and cleanup installations. Contractors will be required to develop contingency plans for control of oil and other dangerous substances (Spill Management Plan) as part of the CS-EMP. Contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed. They shall follow proper protocol for transferring fuel and the PRC standard of JT3145-88 (Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods).

(D) Impacts on biological resources

187. Most project facilities will be located in urban areas, and none of the project sites is within a legally protected site or a site proposed for protection. The project sites do not include critical habitats with recognized critically endangered or endangered species. Project sites largely support degraded and modified habitats with low conservation values. No rare and endangered species were identified and recorded in the project areas during the domestic EIA process. The impact on flora and fauna are mainly through land use changes, a reduction in cultivated land (142 ha), and reduced natural vegetation coverage (20.9 ha). The project will increase vegetation coverage by 57.18 ha along the proposed roads and within the WTP and MSW facilities for urban environment improvement and landscaping purposes (Table V-8), fully offsetting project-induced losses. In addition, the delineation of a 6.25 km2 Grade I water source protection zone around the Xibeicha Reservoir will prohibit access to, and exploitation of resources within, the Grade I zone, effectively protecting existing, and creating new, habitats.

Table V-8: Vegetation affected by the Project (ha) Affected forest Area to be vegetated by Component Affected grassland Surplus vegetation land the project Baicheng roads 0.53 2.61 10.24 +7.1 Baicheng MSW 0 2.78 19.41 +16.63 Baishan WTP 4.18 0.12 1.19 +8.93 Baishan MSW 6.06 Total 1.28 20.90 79.36 +57.18 Source: Domestic EIA Reports

188. In addition, Contractors will be required to implement the following measures to minimize disturbance of habitats:

i) Protect existing trees and grassland during road and pipeline construction. Where trees are to be removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant trees and re-vegetate the area immediately after construction;

ii) Remove trees or shrubs only as a last resort if they impinge directly on permanent works or approved necessary temporary works; iii) In compliance with the PRC Forestry Law, undertake compensatory planting of an equivalent or larger area of affected trees and vegetation; iv) Only native plant species of local provenance shall be used for re-vegetation; and v) Identify, demarcate and protect sites where small animals, reptiles, and birds of common species live such as vegetated roadside areas, trees, inner areas of bridges and river beaches, etc.

(E) Impacts on Socio-economic Resources

189. Land acquisition. The total permanent land acquisition area is 2,425.24 mu (161.7 ha), of which farmland, house plot and other land account for 48.2%, 34.4% and 17.4%, respectively. The total house/building demolition area is 57,824 m2 including residential houses of 54,446 m2, rural shanties of 2,261 m2 and small shops/institution buildings of 1,117 m2. The breakdown of these losses by subcomponent and land category is shown in Table V-9.

190. The IAs must obtain approval from the local land administration departments to alienate farmland. Under the relevant legislation and principles that apply in the PRC in such cases, farmers or residents who lose land permanently will be compensated by replacement with land of equivalent quality and quantity, or through a lump sum payment. This process is detailed in the land acquisition and resettlement plans (LAR plans).

191. Resettlement. A total of 1,914 persons from 701 households will be affected, including 364 households affected by land acquisition, 293 households by house demolition, and 44 households by both. Two full LAR pans have been prepared in compliance with “the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (2004)”, “Law of the People's Republic of China on Administration of the Urban Real Estate (2007 Revised)”; “Regulations regarding the Administration of Urban Housing Removal (2001)”; “Guidelines Regarding Urban Housing Removal Estimation”, and other applicable guidelines. They were also based on local policies regarding LAR in Jilin Province, and the two project cities, and ADB’s SPS. The LAR plans will be updated based on the census of APs and detailed measurement survey, and submitted to ADB for review and approval prior to award of civil works contracts.

Table V-9: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts Baishan MSW Baishan Water Baicheng improved urban Item Unit Total Component Supply Component infrastructure Component Affected town/urban sub-district No. 1 1 1 3 Affected village/community No. 1 2 8 11 Affected village groups No. 1 0 0 1 Permanent land acquisition Collective land mu 82.25 72.0 1,479.41 1,633.66 Farmland mu 30.67 2.5 754.59 787.76 House plot mu 11.83 0 550.53 562.36 Construction land mu 0 0 0 0 Enterprise land mu 0 0 0 0 Other land mu 39.75 69.5 174.30 283.55 State land mu 0 0 791.58 791.58 Acquisition of residential Rural house m2 5,269.70 0 37,446.91 42,716.61 houses and structures Rural shanty m2 236 0 2,025.26 2,261.26 Urban house m2 0 0 11,729.19 11,729.19 Urban shanty m2 0 0 0 0 Urban enterprise/shop m2 0 0 1,116.66 1,116.66 Affected rural households HH 3 4 357 364 Acquisition of farmland and persons person 9 17 1,011 1,037 Acquisition of residential HH 27 0 266 293 houses person 100 0 639 739 Both land and house HH 6 0 38 44 acquisition person 20 0 118 138 Affected urban households Acquisition of residential HH 0 0 77 77 and persons houses person 0 0 197 197 HH 36 4 661 701 Total of affected households and persons person 129 17 1,768 1,914 Total of enterprises/shops No. 9 0 9 18 person 41 0 309 350 Source: PPTA social and resettlement consultants’ report

192. Impacts on physical cultural resources. No registered physical cultural resources are present within the project areas in Baicheng and Baishan. However, construction activities have the potential to disturb unknown underground cultural relics. In the event that any archaeological or other cultural relics are uncovered, construction activities will be immediately suspended, and the JPPMO, the relevant PIU and the local Cultural Heritage Bureau will be promptly notified, in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics (1982, latest updated in 2002). A clause for protection of unknown underground cultural relics will be included in construction contracts.

193. Risks to community health and safety. Traffic congestion may worsen as construction traffic in urban areas increases, causing temporary inconvenience to traffic, residents, commercial operations, and institutions. Some construction sites will be located close to residential communities, villages, hospitals and schools, presenting a threat to public health and safety. At construction sites, different degrees of mechanical vibration will occur. Such vibration is sudden and discontinuous, which can annoy people nearby the sites. The constructions may also contribute to road accidents through the use of heavy machinery and trucks on existing roads. Construction may cause unexpected interruptions in municipal services and utilities because of damage to pipelines for water supply, drainage, heating supply and gas supply, as well as to underground power cables and communication cables (including optical fiber cables). These risks will be addressed through a number of activities defined in the EMP. The contractors will implement the following measures: i) Traffic management. A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared by contractors, to be approved by the local traffic management administrations before construction. The plan will include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, reinstating roads, and opening them to traffic as soon as the construction is completed; ii) Underground facilities survey and protection. Construction activities will be planned so as to minimize disturbances to utility services. Three-dimensional detection of underground facilities will be conducted before construction where appropriate if necessary; iii) Information disclosure. Residents and businesses will be informed in advance through media of the construction activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption; iv) Construction sites protection. Clear signs will be placed at construction sites in view of the public, warning people against potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc., and raising awareness on safety issues. Heavy machinery will not be used at night. All sites will be secured, disabling access by the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate; and v) Vibration control, including prohibition of pilling and compaction operations at night.

194. Risks to occupational health and safety. The construction industry is considered to be one of the most hazardous industries. Intensive use of heavy construction machinery, tools, and materials present physical hazards including noise and vibration, dust, handling heavy materials and equipment, falling objects, work on slippery surfaces, fire hazards, chemical hazards such as toxic fumes and vapors, etc. Contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of their construction workers. Each contractor will prepare an environmental, health and safety management plan for the construction works. The plan will include the following provisions:

i) provide clean water for all construction sites and workers’ camps;

ii) provide an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at construction sites and work camps, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state; iii) garbage bins at construction sites and camps will be set up, which will be periodically cleared to prevent outbreak of diseases; iv) provide personal protection equipment, such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, and ear protection; v) an emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies will be prepared, including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events. Emergency phone links with hospitals in Baishan and Baicheng will be established. A fully equipped first-aid base in each construction camp will be organized; vi) ensure that occupational health and safety matters are given a high degree of publicity to all persons regularly or occasionally on each construction site. Posters will be displayed prominently in relevant areas of the site; and vii) train all construction workers in basic sanitation, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work. Implement site HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases awareness and prevention program to target the local community and construction workers.

195. Other Social Issues. No other social risks and/or vulnerability are anticipated as a result of the project. The project construction workers will be engaged locally. Prevention and control of transmissible diseases and HIV/AIDS, and community disturbance training and sensitization will be provided to the contractors, ensured in the loan assurances and monitored in the social action plan. Civil works contracts will stipulate priorities to (i) employ local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for women and men, majorities and minorities, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal value, and pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor. Specific targets for employment have been included in the gender action plan (GAP).

D. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation

(A) Water Supply Component (Baishan)

196. A participatory risk assessment was conducted in Baishan in November 2013 to identify main risks and concerns during WTP operation (Table V-10). The assessment was conducted through a workshop facilitated by the PPTA Consultant. Workshop participants included 15 representatives from the Baishan Water Company, the Design Institute in charge of the water supply component, the EIA institute, representatives from Baishan Municipal Government, and the PPTA Consultant. The approach adopted was based on the guidance provided by WHO (Bartram et al., 2009). 37 The process undertaken entailed the following two basic steps:

(i) Risks resulting from the potential hazards for each process of the proposed water supply system (from the water source to the end user) were assessed for each part of the water supply system.

(ii) Control measures included in the component’s design were assessed and additional measures defined as needed.

37 Bartram J, Corrales L, Davison A, Deere D, Drury D, Gordon B, Howard G, Rinehold A, Stevens M. Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009.

197. The assessment identified the following key risks and impacts, which were further assessed in the domestic EIA, the FSR and this IEE: (i) the operation of the Xibeicha Reservoir (an associated facility), including establishment and management of water source protection zones; (ii) impacts on local and regional water resources induced by water extraction; (iii) pollution prevention and abatement at the water treatment plant (noise, wastes, chlorine dioxide); (iv) non-revenue water and energy efficiency considerations.

Table V-10: Risks, hazards and control measures during WTP operation Process Risk Control and Mitigation Measure Water intake Accidental spill, resulting in • Establishment and enforcement of water source protection zones; ( Xibeicha contamination of water source • Emergency response procedures in case of contamination, including Reservoir) switch to the existing Nanshan WTP through the pipeline network and shutn dow the polluted WTP; Pre- Algal bloom in the • WAater treatment conducted and supervised by qualified staff; sedimentation pre- sedimentation basin, • Comprehensive monitoring at the Xibeicha Reservoir and basin causing algal toxin, water pre-sedimentation basin treatment difficulty and taste/odor problems

Coagulation and Mechanical or electrical failure • Use backup coagulant dosing system; sedimentation of chemical dosing system, • Installation and maintenance of automatic dosing pump with integrated resulting in high turbidity and alarm system in the event of failure; clogging of filter. Use of contaminated • Coagulant must be purchased form approved supplier, demonstrating coagulant, resulting in compliance with national product standard of GB1892-2009 contamination of water Filtration Failure of filtration system, with • Installation and regular calibration of on-line filtration turbidity monitoring high turbidity and potential for instruments, with alarm system; pathogen breakthrough • Multiple separate filtration units in parallel; • Keep good operation condition of filtration chamber by regular back flush and maintenance. Chlorination Insufficient or excessive • Automate chlorine dosing and on-line residual chlorine monitoring to chlorine dosing resulting in achieve chlorine content of 0.5 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L (30 min after pathogen breakthrough or chlorination). chlorine taste and odor T reated water Accidental contamination of • Storage tanks for treated water will be roofed; storage the treated water (e.g. rodents) • Vents and overflows will be meshed; • Storage tank walls will be lined with water proof material; • Frequent inspections and maintenance of the treated water tanks Water supply Pump failure, power failure, • Backup pumps and dual power system must be installed in the WTP and pumping loss of pressure, risk of kept in good condition; re-contamination due to • Inspect the backup pumps and dual power system regularly. back -siphonage Distribution B. Pipe burst causing water • Proper pipe material selection; network re- contamination and • Procedures for operating system to avoid spikes and water hammering; interrupted water supply • Implementation of emergency response action plan, including quick repair service of bursts and pipe cleaning and water quality monitoring for the network

198. Impact of Xibeicha Reservoir and the water supply component on local and regional water resources (Induced Impact). The impact of the Baishan water supply component and the associated Xibeicha Reservoir (caused by the reduction in water flow) on the downstream reach of the Xibeicha River and the Hunjiang River further downstream was examined via the determination of water balances for different scenarios. The results are presented below.

199. The Xibeicha Reservoir is located on the midstream of the Xibeicha River with a design capacity of 13.5 million m3 active storage and 0.61 million m3 of dead storage. The total upper reach catchment

area of the reservoir is 128 km2. The preliminary design of the Xibeicha Reservoir established mean 3 3 annual runoff of the Xibeicha River at dam site as 49.25 million m per year (1.62m /s; Cv=0.34; Cs/Cv=2.0), and defined annual runoff quantities at different guaranty/probability levels (Table V-11 and Table V-12). These figures were established based on data series from 1952 to 2008. The estimated evaporation from reservoir surface is 629.5 mm, and the mean annual precipitation in the area is 837 mm. 38 The estimated reservoir seepage is 0.149 m3/s (4.699 million m3/a), and estimated evaporation is 0.011 m3/s (346,896 m3/a).

Table V-11: Annual Runoff of Xibeicha River at Reservoir Site (39) Items Average value CV Cs/Cv

Mean annual runoff flow rate (m3/s) 1.62 0.34 2.0

Mean annual runoff quantity (million m3) 51.2 0.34 2.0

The depth of mean annual runoff (mm) 400 0.34 2.0 Source: Preliminary Design of the Reservoir (2009) Table V-12: Annual Runoff of Xibeicha Reservoir at Different Probabilities Probability P (%) 20 50 80 90 95

Annual Runoff (million m3) 64.97 49.25 36.20 30.52 26.40

Mean annual flow Rate (m3/s) 2.06 1.56 1.15 0.968 0.836 Source: Preliminary Design of the Reservoir (2009)

200. Seasonal variability of flows in the Xibeicha River was established using flow data from the nearby Tiechang Hydrology Station. Through analysis of runoff data at the Tiechang Hydrology Station, representative years and monthly flow variations for different guaranty/probability levels of flows were identified: 1974 represents a wet year (P=20%); 1982 represent a normal year (P=50%); 1988 represents a dry year (P=80%); and 2002 represents an extreme dry years (P=95%) The monthly distribution of annual runoff in the representative years during is presented in Table V-13. The designed total water supply capacity of the proposed WTP in Hunjiang District and water transmission to Jiangyuan District is 70,000 m3/d. The total annual amount of water used for water supply is 24.4 million m3.

201. Induced impact on downstream section of Xibeicha River. The water extraction rate from the Xibeicha River to the project WTP in Hunjiang District and to the existing WTP in Jiangyuan District will amount 49% of the mean annual flow of the river40. This amount is significant, but acceptable. The 9 km section from the Xibeicha Reservoir to the Hunjiang River is in mountainous areas with high forest coverage. There are no agricultural, commercial or industrial activities in the area, and no water is extracted for domestic, industrial or agricultural purposes along this section. The next settlement (Sanchazi Township) is at the confluence of the Xibeicha River and the Hunjiang River, 9 km away from the reservoir. Downstream use of the water capture point is limited to in-stream ecology and riparian vegetation, with minimal needs during the winter period. A minimum water release (minimum flow) of

38 Source: Preliminary Design of the Reservoir (2009) 39 Cv = The coefficient of variation of annual flow of rivers, which is the main indication for the yearly variation in river flow; Cs= coefficient of asymmetry, or coefficient of skewness (Cs = 0 indicating normal distribution)

40 If water losses in the reservoir are accounted for (including seepage and evaporation), the flow reduction resulting from the reservoir and the water extraction for water supply will amount to 57% of the mean annual flow; see Table V-14.

0.14 m3/s (4.415 million m3/a) is defined in the approved EIA of the reservoir for the period from April to September.

Table V-13: Monthly Distribution of Annual Runoff in Representative Years (Unit: 10,000 m3)

Annual P Item Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total

Distribution factor 0.38 0.18 0.75 10.68 6.26 12.83 17.84 27.43 16.48 3.78 2.49 0.90 100 20% Representative year (1974) 24.5 11.8 48.6 693.7 406.9 833.3 1159.3 1782.4 1070.4 245.3 162.0 58.4 6,497

Distribution factor (%) 0.45 0.37 1.24 3.98 18.89 16.90 6.71 37.74 7.40 1.92 2.94 1.46 100 50% Representative year (1982) 22.3 18.1 60.9 196.1 930.2 832.5 330.5 1858.6 364.4 94.4 145.0 72.0 4,925

Distribution factor (%) 1.28 0.42 2.71 12.57 17.36 27.50 26.70 3.05 3.39 2.51 1.76 0.74 100 80% Representative year (1988) 46.5 15.2 98.2 456.4 630.2 998.2 969.2 110.8 123.0 91.3 63.9 26.9 3,630

Distribution factor (%) 0.32 0.35 2.63 11.29 5.88 2.64 21.58 39.88 4.90 4.46 4.49 1.59 100 95% Representative year (2002) 8.40 9.10 69.3 297.8 155.0 69.6 569.2 1051.6 129.1 117.6 118.3 42.0 2,637

Source: Preliminary Design of the Reservoir (2009)

202. Induced impact on downstream Hunjiang River. The Xibeicha River is a tributary of Hunjiang River, which is 9 km downstream of the Xibeicha Reservoir. The Hunjiang River in Baishan Municipality has a catchment area of 1,734.2 km2, and an average annual flow of 2.164 billion m3. 41 The flow reduction due to the proposed water supply component (26.78 million m3/a) is 1.5% of the total annual flow of Hunjiang River (Baishan section, see Table V14). This figure assumes that none of the extracted water will return to the river, when in fact all return waters (i.e., treated effluent from the WWTP) will flow into the Hunjiang River. Assuming a worst case return water volume of 60%, the net reduction in flow of the Hunjiang River would be around 0.6%. The more usual figure of 80% return waters would result in a net reduction of only 0.3%. Both the domestic EIAs of the Xibeicha Reservoir and the WTP conclude that the impact of the proposed WTP on downstream areas including the Hunjiang River is acceptable.

Table V-14: Water Source Balance based on Mean Annual Flows (Unit: million m3/a) No. Item Amount

1 Total flow of the Xibeicha River 49.25 2 Total water supply to the WTP from the reservoir 24.40 3 Total reservoir seepage and evaporation 3.95 4 Total minimum flow required to downstream areas and Hunjiang River from the reservoir 4.03 5 Total flow to Hunjiang River from the reservoir during WTP operation 20.9042 6 Total average annual flow of Hunjiang River without WTP operation 2,110 7t To al average annual flow of Hunjiang River with WTP operation 2,078 8 Reduction rate of Hunjiang River flow with WTP operation 1.51% 9 Reduction rate of Xibeicha River flow with the WTP operation 57% Source: Calculated by the PPTA Consultant based on the domestic EIA

203. Impact of seasonal variations on reservoir levels and water supply reliability. Table V-13 compares the monthly volumes to be drawn from the reservoir with inflow rates, and confirms that for dry years (i.e., 80% supply guaranty), the water balance is positive. The comparison shows that at an active storage of 13.5 million m3, there will be no water deficit. For a dry year (80% supply guarantee rate), the minimum active reservoir storage volume (0.6 million m3) will occur at the end of the dry season (March). In case of extreme dry years (95% supply guarantee), there will be a supply deficit which will be overcome through demand management measures as well as through alternative water sources (i.e., Dayangcha River in Jiangyuan District). This scenario, including the contingency plan, is discussed in the next paragraph.

41 The 45 years average data from 1961-2006 at Baishan Badaojiang Hydrologic Station. 42 Includes the minimum ecological flow. 95

Table V-15(a): Reservoir Volumes for Dry Year (P=50% Guarantee Rate) Losses of Minimum Storable water Water supply Water storage Storage volume Net water release to Month Water Inflow evaporation and release flow amount capacity rate at end of month downstream area seepage - (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3) (m3/s) (m3/m) 10 0.36 0.05 0.14 0.17 0.81 -0.64 10,897,782 0.28 737,856 11 0.55 0.03 0.14 0.38 0.69 -0.31 9,704,090 0.28 737,856 12 0.27 0.01 0.14 0.12 0.69 -0.57 7,828,932 0.28 737,856 1 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.69 -0.70 5,986,024 0.07 184,464 2 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.69 -0.70 4,153,785 0.06 158,112 3 0.23 0.04 0.14 0.05 0.81 -0.76 2,194,677 0.13 329,400 4 0.74 0.18 0.14 0.42 0.81 -0.39 652,158 0.34 895,968 5 3.53 0.25 0.14 3.14 0.81 2.33 5,477,727 0.64 1,686,528 6 3.16 0.40 0.14 2.62 0.81 1.81 7,083,364 1.34 3,531,168 7 1.25 0.39 0.14 0.72 0.81 -0.09 2,637,428 1.74 4,585,248 8 7.05 0.06 0.14 6.85 0.81 6.04 13,286,667 2.14 5,639,328 9 1.38 0.06 0.14 1.18 0.81 0.37 12,943,622 0.64 1,686,528 Total 49,250,000 3,947,530 4,031,856 41,157,853 24,400,000 - - - 20,910,312

Table V-16(b): Reservoir Volumes for Dry Year (P=80% Guarantee Rate) Losses of Water for Storable water Designed water Water storage Storage volume at Net water release to Month Water Inflow evaporation and ecology amount supply capacity rate end of month downstream area seepage - (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3) (m3/s) (m3/m) 10 0.34 0.05 0.14 0.16 0.81 -0.65 8,853,157 0.10 263,520 11 0.24 0.03 0.14 0.07 0.69 -0.62 7,322,429 0.10 263,520 12 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.69 -0.69 5,601,968 0.05 131,760 1 0.18 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.69 -0.68 3,921,345 0.10 263,520 2 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.69 -0.70 2,190,551 0.01 26,352 3 0.37 0.04 0.14 0.19 0.81 -0.62 666,808 0.10 263,520 4 1.73 0.18 0.14 1.41 0.81 0.60 1,835,555 0.29 764,208 5 2.38 0.25 0.14 1.99 0.81 1.18 5,300,817 0.44 1,159,488 6 3.77 0.40 0.14 3.24 0.81 2.43 10,110,844 0.74 1,950,048 7 3.66 0.39 0.14 3.13 0.81 2.32 13,466,760 1.19 3,135,888 8 0.42 0.06 0.14 0.22 0.81 -0.59 11,906,226 0.14 368,928 9 0.47 0.06 0.14 0.26 0.81 -0.55 10,462,415 0.14 368,928 Total 36,169,164 3,947,530 4,058,208 28,086,477 24,400,000 - - - 8,959,680

204. Water balance in extreme dry year. The design of the Baishan water supply system is based on 80% guarantee rate to ensure that the water source will provide adequate water supply for 80% of years. The water balance analysis in Table V-16 below shows that the total annual flow of the Xibeicha River in extreme dry year (95% guarantee rate) will not be able to supply the designed water capacity of 24.4 million m3/a to both Hunjiang WTP and Jiangyuan District. To address the water safety risks caused by extreme dry years, a water conservation plan and emergency response mechanism will be developed and established in Baishan during project implementation, which will mainly focus on water demand management measures including: (i) prohibiting landscape and recreational watering; (ii) reducing production in industries with heavy water consumption; and (iii) city-wide water conservation campaign. 43 In parallel, supply will be adjusted to account for supply realities. The main water supply management measure during extreme dry years will be to reduce the water transmission from the Xibeicha Reservoir to the Jiangyuan District by using the existing water source of Jiangyuan WTP (Dayangcha River reservoir) as the backup water source. As a result, the water extraction from the Xibeicha River and its reservoir can be temporary reduced to 15.83 million m3, with a water release to the downstream Xibeicha River and Hunjiang River of 5.50 million m3. This corresponds to 125% of the minimum ecological flow (4.06 million m3/a) as stated in the approved EIA of the Xibeicha reservoir. The reduction of Hunjiang River flow rates with the water supply component in extreme dry years is 2.02%, which shows that the impact to the downstream hydrology is acceptable (Table V-16).

Table V-17: Water Source Balance based on Extreme Dry Year (P=95%, Unit: million m3/a) No. Item Amount 1 Total flow of the Xibeicha River 26.37 2 Total water supply to the WTP from the reservoir 15.83 3 Total reservoir seepage and evaporation 3.95 4 Total flow to Hunjiang River from the reservoir with water supply component 5.50 5 Total average annual flow of Hunjiang River without the water supply component 1,034 6 Total average annual flow of Hunjiang River after the water supply component operation 1,013 7 Reduction rate of Hunjiang River flow after the water supply component operation 2.02% Source: calculated by the PPTA Consultants based on the domestic FSRs and EIAs

205. Protection Zoning for Xibeicha Reservoir. The PRC Protection Regulation for Drinking Water Source was issued in 2007.44 The regulation defines the need to establish two protection zones, plus a buffer zone (not compulsory) around surface water sources, including Grade I zone (prohibited zone, the closest to the water source), Grade II (protection zone, adjoining the prohibited zone), and a buffer zone (not always present, as not mandatory). Jilin Provincial People’s Congress issued the Jilin Provincial Regulation for Urban Drinking Water Source Protection on 23 March 2013. The regulation is fully in line with the national regulation for establishment of protection zones. Restrictions for each of the zones are as defined as follows:

i) Grade I zone: The State's Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard Category II applies to the quality of surface water in the Grade I protective zone. Within the First-grade zone, the construction or expansion of any projects that have no relation with water supply facilities and protection of water sources is prohibited, unauthorized personnel is forbidden from entering.

43 The draft water conservation plan and emergency response mechanism will be discussed with, and disclosed to, affected people and main water users (landscaping, agriculture, manufacturing industries, hydropower plant). 44 Technical Guideline for Delineating Source Water Protection Areas (HJ/T338-2007)

ii) Grade II zone: The State's Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard Category III applies to the water quality in the Grade II protective zone. New-construction or expansion of any projects that discharge pollutants into the water body is prohibited. Any reconstruction projects in the Second-grade SWP Zone must cut down its pollutant discharge.

206. The Jilin Provincial Government approved the “The Drinking Water Source Protection Plan for the Xibeicha Reservoir” in 2010 (Approval document No. of Jilin Gov-2010-112), which clearly delineates the total protection area of 92 km2, including Grade I zone (6.25 km2) and Grade II zone (85.75 km2), as illustrated in Figure V-1 below.

Grade II Protection Zone

Xibeicha Reservoir

Grade I Protection Zone Transmission Pipeline

Figure V-1: Drinking Water Source Protection Zone of Xibeicha Reservoir

207. Handling and disposal of chlorine dioxide at the WTP. The WTP will use chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for water disinfection. Chlorine dioxide is safer and produces less harmful organic trihalomethanes (TMHs) compared to liquid Cl2 water disinfection. The main constituents of chlorine dioxide in a ClO2 generator, sodium chlorite solution and hydrochloric acid will be transported to and mixed in a reaction tank (batch reactor), in the WTP’s preparation room. Hazards exist in preparing, transporting, storing and handling the hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorite used for ClO2 generation. In the chlorination rooms of the WTP, there is an environmental risk of hydrogen chloride and ClO2 leakage. The following measures will be implemented to mitigate potential hazards to the health and safety of WTP operators:

i) Chemicals will be transported and managed in compliance with PRC regulations on hazardous chemical substance management (The PRC State Council Order No. 2002-244); ii) Transport vehicles and personnel will be qualified and trained with hazardous chemical substance handling and transportation; iii) Storage of hazardous chemicals will be arranged with certificates procured from the police department and fire authorities;

iv) Chlorination rooms and chemical storage rooms in the WTP will be equipped with automatic censors and alarms, which will be triggered by ClO2 leakage; v) The WTP will be equipped with gas masks, oxygen breathing apparatus and other rescue materials, to protect staff in the event of leakage of hydrogen chloride and ClO2. and vi) An emergency response plan will be prepared and implemented in the WTP. The plan will inform staff and visitors about the characteristics of ClO2 and hydrochloric acid, potential hazards, and define accident prevention measures and evacuation plan.

208. Operational noise. Operational noise impacts may arise from equipment operation at the WTP, including pumps, fans, and sludge dewatering machines (spin-driers). In general, operational noise of machines at a WTP is about 85-90 dB (A). Predictive sound modeling for WTP operation was conducted for the project, which are described in detail in the component EIA. The predicted values are shown in Table V-17.

Table V-18: Predicted noise levels in the water supply plant [dB (A)] Standard of GB12348-2008 Location Predicted Noise Standard Compliance Day Night East boundary of WTP 47.8 60 50 meet West boundary of WTP 42.7 60 50 meet South boundary of WTP 49.0 60 50 meet North boundary of WTP 43.9 60 50 meet Source: the domestic EIA report

209. All noise-emitting machinery and equipment will be installed in sound-proof housing within rooms in the WTP. Based on the above calculations by the EIA institute, the projected noise values at all boundaries of the WTP during both daytime and nighttime meet the Noise Standard at Boundaries of Industrial Enterprises” (GB12348-2008). There are no villages or other sensitive receptors within 500 m of the boundaries of the WTP. The impact will not be significant. This will be confirmed through noise monitoring during WTP operation.

210. Capacity building for water quality monitoring. Thanks to the high water quality of the Xibeicha Reservoir (Table IV-16), the risk during WTP operation is generally low, and can be adequately managed through comprehensive training and capacity strengthening. The WTP will be equipped with a laboratory capable of examining the 42 key water quality parameters defined in the National Standard for Drinking Water. In addition, water samples taken from the clean water tank of the WTP will be sent to the Changchun Water Supply Company twice per year for an examination of the 106 key water quality parameters defined in the PRC regulation. An automatic monitoring system will be installed in the Xibeicha Reservoir and the pre-sedimentation tank.

211. SCADA operation and NRW reduction. A SCADA system was proposed in the FSR. The SCADA system consists of a master terminal unit (MTU) that communicates with and controls a number of remote terminal units (RTUs) at key control points including water intake point at Xibeicha Reservoir, water supply pumping and metering. The main functions of the SCADA for NRW reduction is to adjust water supply network pressure based on the water consumption (e.g. reduce water pumping in nighttime when water users sleep) for both energy saving and NRW reduction. The FSR also proposed water leakage detectors and repairing tools for daily leak detection and repairing.

212. Pollutant emission from the small boiler. A small boiler with the capacity of 2 t/h will be installed for the five month heating period in winter. According to the FSR and the EIA, the pollutants emission of flue dust (TSP), SO2 and NO2 will meet the National Standard of Air Pollutant Emission from

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Boilers (GB13271-2001). The impact on surrounding environment is acceptable (Table V-18).

Table V-19: Predicted Emission Concentration and Amount from the Boiler in the WTP Item Predicted Value Standard Value (compliance) Coal consumption 825 t/a Height of chimney 30m 30 m (meet) Volume of flue dust 8.4 million m3/a Concentration of flue dust (TSP) 74.2 mg/m3 200 mg/m3 (meet) Total flue dust emissions 0.5 t/a 3 3 Concentration of SO2 194.5 mg/m 900 mg/m (meet)

Total SO2 emissions 2.51 t/a 3 Concentration of NO2 200 mg/m ------

Total NO2 emissions 1.68 t/a Source: domestic EIA Report

213. Induced wastewater production. The proposed WTP will increase water supply coverage by 50,000 m3/day, resulting in the production of an estimated 40,000 m3/d of wastewater (i.e. wastewater induced by increased water supply capacity), which will require additional wastewater treatment. The treatment capacity of the existing Baishan WWTP is 50,000 m3/d (see due diligence section in Chapter III of this IEE), but it operate far below its capacity, at approximately 25,000 m3/d. The existing WWTP will be expanded to 100,000 m3/d before the end of 2016 (before WTP completion). According to the due diligence conducted jointly by the EIA institute and the PPTA Consultant, the Baishan WWTP will have enough treatment capacity to treat additional wastewater generated by the proposed WTP. The effluent from the WWTP will meet the PRC Standard of GB18918-2002 as long as the WWTP keeps normal operation. In addition, the WTP staff will generate wastewater (1,300 m3/a). This quantity is small and will be treated by septic tanks installed on site.

(B) Operation of Proposed roads, bridges and auxiliary facilities

214. Main environmental issues during operation of the urban roads, bridges and auxiliary piped facilities in the Baicheng project area relate to direct vehicle emissions, traffic noise, pollution from storm-water runoff, traffic safety and the risk of hazardous spills. These impacts are discussed below.

215. No significant induced impact from road operations is anticipated. The expanded road network in Baicheng will support urban development with significant population increases which will induce increases in traffic flows and related emissions, and demand for public services. All proposed roads and bridges as well as future traffic volumes on these roads and bridges and their induced impacts have been examined in the context of relevant development plans. The project roads are in line with approved urban master plans of Baicheng, and will thus not induce uncontrolled development. The proposed roads and bridges will address the inadequacy of the existing road networks and rationalize urban transport. Air quality and noise impacts due to increased traffic flow have been assessed in the domestic EIA and mitigation measures have been identified in the EMP. Significant indirect or induced negative impacts from road components are not anticipated. The installation of pipelines of water supply, sewer and heating supply concurrent with road construction would induce potential impacts on the water supply, heating supply and wastewater treatment systems by increasing the demand on their services. Again, such increase has been fully considered in the urban master plan of Baicheng, with the capacities of the above infrastructures timely expanded to meet such demand. Significant induced negative impacts are not expected.

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a. Impacts on Climate and Air Quality

216. NO2 and CO were designated by the EIA institute and Baicheng municipal EPB for assessing traffic emission impact on air quality during operation. The baseline monitoring indicates that the 45 average concentrations of NO2 in Baicheng met Grade II of the PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard of GB3096-1996 (see baseline data in Chapter IV of this IEE).

217. By using traffic volume projections provided in the FSR, air quality was modeled during the domestic EIA study based on the AERMOD methodology (software), which is recommended in the PRC “Technical Guideline on Environmental Impact Assessment – Atmospheric Environment” (HJ2.2-2008). Vehicle emission concentrations at average traffic volumes (both daily average and rush hours) during the operation period at sensitive locations were estimated. Table V-19 shows that the predicted concentrations of NO2 and CO for 2019 (short-term), 2025 (medium-term), and 2033 (long-term) on ground level along both sides of the project roads at sensitive locations in Baicheng all meet the national Grade II Standards of GB3095-2012.

45 CO is not a regular parameter for ambient air monitoring.

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Table V-20: Predicted NO2 & CO Concentrations at Sensitive Locations in Baicheng City during Operation of the proposed Roads Wind Speed: 2.5 m/s Location & NO (mg/m3) CO (mg/m3) Sensitive 2 Distance from Year Time Locations Predicted Standard Standard Predicted Standard Standard Roadside (m) Concentration Value Compliance Concentration Value Compliance 2019 Daily average 0.027235 0.12 meet 1.572664 4 meet Rush hours 0.030727 0.24 meet 0.995136 10 meet Changqing 50m on two sides 2025 Daily average 0.043696 0.12 meet 1.520887 4 meet Village of Xingfubei Street Rush hours 0.043597 0.24 meet 0.991245 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.065644 0.12 meet 1.451851 4 meet Rush hours 0.060756 0.24 meet 0.986057 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.026169 0.12 meet 1.511092 4 meet Rush hours 0.029524 0.24 meet 0.956175 10 meet Chengfeng 45 m north of Third 2025 Daily average 0.041986 0.12 meet 1.461342 4 meet Village Ring Road Rush hours 0.04189 0.24 meet 0.952437 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.063074 0.12 meet 1.395009 4 meet Rush hours 0.058377 0.24 meet 0.947452 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.024156 0.12 meet 1.53659 4 meet Rush hours 0.028182 0.24 meet 0.887062 10 meet Guoshuchang 60 m west of Third 2025 Daily average 0.039685 0.12 meet 1.441116 4 meet Village Ring Road Rush hours 0.04026 0.24 meet 0.903741 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.06039 0.12 meet 1.313818 4 meet Rush hours 0.056364 0.24 meet 0.92598 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.022143 0.12 meet 1.525854 4 meet Rush hours 0.026169 0.24 meet 0.867603 10 meet Baopinng 65 m west of Third 2025 Daily average 0.037672 0.12 meet 1.478117 4 meet Middle School Ring Road Rush hours 0.03796 0.24 meet 0.885433 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.058377 0.12 meet 1.414468 4 meet Rush hours 0.05368 0.24 meet 0.909205 10 meet Baoping 80 m east of Third 2019 Daily average 0.02013 0.12 meet 1.515118 4 meet Primary School Ring Road Rush hours 0.024156 0.24 meet 0.848144 10 meet

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Location & NO (mg/m3) CO (mg/m3) Sensitive 2 Distance from Year Time Locations Predicted Standard Standard Predicted Standard Standard Roadside (m) Concentration Value Compliance Concentration Value Compliance 2025 Daily average 0.035659 0.12 meet 1.515118 4 meet Rush hours 0.035659 0.24 meet 0.867124 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.056364 0.12 meet 1.515118 4 meet Rush hours 0.050996 0.24 meet 0.89243 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.029282 0.12 meet 1.501012 4 meet Rush hours 0.031828 0.24 meet 1.004494 10 meet 65 m west of Third Ring Road, and 2025 Daily average 0.045105 0.12 meet 1.458454 4 meet Erlong Village 30m north of Rush hours 0.044923 0.24 meet 1.026865 10 meet Xinhuaxi Road 2033 Daily average 0.066202 0.12 meet 1.401709 4 meet Rush hours 0.062383 0.24 meet 1.056692 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.023022 0.12 meet 1.464469 4 meet 90 m west of Third Rush hours 0.026859 0.24 meet 0.845427 10 meet Ring Road, 80m Chaoyang south of 2025 Daily average 0.037822 0.12 meet 1.373476 4 meet Village Chunyang Road, Rush hours 0.03837 0.24 meet 0.861324 10 meet and 60 m south of Shengli Road 2033 Daily average 0.057556 0.12 meet 1.252153 4 meet Rush hours 0.053719 0.24 meet 0.882519 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.016775 0.12 meet 1.490291 4 meet Rush hours 0.023485 0.24 meet 0.823317 10 meet Baosheng 85 m east of Third 2025 Daily average 0.033167 0.12 meet 1.496618 4 meet Village Ring Road Rush hours 0.034413 0.24 meet 0.834245 10 meet 2033 Daily average 0.055022 0.12 meet 1.505053 4 meet Rush hours 0.048983 0.24 meet 0.848815 10 meet 2019 Daily average 0.02779 0.12 meet 1.464937 4 meet 45 m south and Rush hours 0.030437 0.24 meet 1.011032 10 meet north sides of Xiangyang Third Ring Road, 2025 Daily average 0.04367 0.12 meet 1.460967 4 meet Village and 40 south and Rush hours 0.042914 0.24 meet 0.987212 10 meet north sides of Tao’erhe Road 2033 Daily average 0.064844 0.12 meet 1.455674 4 meet Rush hours 0.05955 0.24 meet 0.955452 10 meet

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218. Estimated GHG emissions. According to the ADB Environment Safeguards - a Good Practice Sourcebook (2012), an EIA for a road project should determine if the project has the potential to emit GHGs listed in the Kyoto Protocol at the rate of 100,000 tons of CO2e per year. If the traffic expressed as passenger car units per day (PCU/day) is below the numbers indicated in Table V-20 in a representative year, the emissions in that year are unlikely to exceed the 100,000 tons CO2e threshold.

Table V-21: Maximum Number of PCU per Km to Trigger 100,000CO2e/a Length of Road. (km) PCU/day Length of Road. (km) PCU/day 10 76,000 50 23,000 20 57,000 60 19,000 30 38,000 70 16,000 32.42 35,580 80 14,000 35 33,000 90 13,000 40 28,000 100 11,000 Source: ADB Environment Safeguards - a Good Practice Sourcebook (2012)

219. The total length of the proposed roads in Baicheng City is 32.42 km, the projected traffic flows in the representative years of 2019, 2025 and 2033 are 15,465, 23,187 and 28,418 PCU/day respectively, those are below 35,580 PCU/day traffic for emitting 100,000 tons/a of GHGs (Table V-21).

Table V-22: Average Daily Traffic Flow on Each of the Roads (No/day) Length of Rd. Mid -Size Oversize Road Year Car PCU/day (m) Vehicle Vehicle 2019 715 501 215 1,894 Third Ring 11,304 2025 924 647 277 2,448 Road 2033 1,274 892 382 3,375 2019 748 523 224 1,980 Xiangyang 4,505 2025 1,896 663 284 3,459 Road 2033 1,248 873 374 3,305 2019 637 445.5 191 1,687 Xinhua Xi Road 2,724 2025 1,851 647.5 555 3,932 2033 2,367 1657 355 5,563 2019 656 459.5 196.5 1,738 Shengli Road 2,068 2025 1,010 707 303 2,676 2033 1,284 898.5 385 3,401 2019 650 910 390 2,795 Chunyang 3,881 2025 1,835 642 275.5 3,349 Road 2033 1,245 871 373.5 3,298 2019 708 495.5 212.5 1,876 Xingfu Bei 1,330 2025 925 647.5 277.5 2,451 Street 2033 1,248 874 374.5 3,308 2019 494 345.5 148 1,308 Nanyi Street 1,024 2025 735 513.5 220 1,945 2033 909 636 272.5 2,408 Taoerhe Road 2,657 2019 492 344.5 147.5 1,304

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Length of Rd. Mid -Size Oversize Road Year Car PCU/day (m) Vehicle Vehicle 2025 721 504.5 216.5 1,910 2033 907 634.5 272 2,403 2019 272 190 163 883 Xinggong Road 2,927 2025 384 269 115 1,018 2033 512 358.5 154 1,358 2019 5,370 4,214 1887 15,465 Total 32,420 2025 10,280 5,241 2,524 23,187 2033 10,992 7,694 2,943 28,418 Source: the FSR and domestic EIA; Note: 1car=1PCU, 1mid-size vehicle=1.5PCU, and 1 oversize vehicle=2PCU

220. Mitigating air pollution. Total vehicle emissions will be increased due to increased traffic flows, but this is expected to be partially offset by smoother traffic movements and the government’s measures to control vehicle emissions, which are closely related with the policies and measures for emission control of Jilin Province and the PRC. Therefore, the vehicle emission control measures under the infrastructure components of Baicheng City should be considered in the context of provincial and national policies and measures for vehicle emission control. In 2005, the PRC promulgated the “Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions of Pollutants from Light-duty Vehicles (grade III, grade IV)” (GB18352.3-2005), which became effective on 1st July 2007. At present, Baicheng City is conducting on-road inspection and annual examination of vehicle exhaust pollutants. As a result of these inspections, substandard vehicles, both private and public, are refused registration for road use. The municipal EPB and the local Traffic Management Bureau are in charge of implementing all the policies and measures for vehicle emission control formulated by the state and provincial authorities, and take the corresponding measures to control the exhaust pollutants emission of vehicles running on the proposed roads.

b. Traffic Noise

221. Prediction model for traffic noise. The noise prediction during operation from new roads has adopted the road noise prediction model as recommended in Appendix A.2 of the PRC Technical Guidelines for Assessment of Environmental Impact - Acoustical Environment (HJ2.4-2009). It has also used the horizontal noise generation of vehicles at speed from Annex C of Assessment Criterion on Environmental Impact in Road Construction Project (JTG B03-2006) and the attenuation effects of building groups in GB/T17247.2. Using average running velocity of various vehicles type and predicted traffic flows and the calculation of noise at source, the distance at which compliance with PRC ambient noise standards are reached have been calculated in the domestic EIA. The analyses then used these noise/distance calculations to predict the future noise levels at sensitive receptors along the roads.

222. The noise impact assessment criteria for the proposed road network in Baicheng are: (i) for areas within 35 m from the edges of road red-lines, the applicable standard is Grade 4a (70 dB for daytime and 55 dB for nighttime) of the Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard (GB3096-2008); (ii) for areas beyond 35 m from the red-lines of roads, Grade II standard for the area in the existing urban area (60 dB for daytime and 50 dB for nighttime) and Grade I standard (55 dB for daytime and 45 dB for nighttime) for the area in the existing suburb area are applicable, respectively according to the Classification of Acoustic Environmentally Functional Zones issued by the Municipal EPB.

223. Traffic noise prediction. Traffic noise prediction values at sensitive sites in short, medium and

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long terms, are showed in Table V-22. The predicted daytime noise level at all sensitive sites meet the standard in the predicted years of 2019, 2025 and 2033, while the predicted nighttime noise levels at most locations slightly exceed the Grade I and II standards.

224. The reasons for exceeding the standard are the predicted increased traffic flows and the short distance from the receptors to the proposed roads. Noise-attenuation measures will include planting of trees with big canopies along the roadside, and installing 70 noise insulation windows on the first row buildings in Erlong village and Hujia village where nighttime noise levels are predicted to exceed the standard in the short term.46

Table V-23: Traffic Noise Prediction for the Sensitive location Leq [dBA] Predicted Year Distance from the First Row of Sensitive Location 2019 2025 2033 Building to Road Edge Day Night Day Night Day Night Sites within Grade I functional Grade I standard Value 55 45 55 45 55 45 zone Special School (1st floor) 40 m (Xiangyang Street) 53.65 51.97 54.05 52.61 54.46 53.24 Special School (2nd floor) 40 m (Xiangyang Street) 53.64 51.98 54.04 52.62 54.45 53.24 Special School (3rd floor) 40 m (Xiangyang Street) 53.63 51.95 54.03 52.60 54.45 53.24 Baicheng Central Hospital 160 m (Xingyang Street ) 48.28 46.40 48.64 47.04 49.03 47.66 Baoping Middle School 40 m (Third Ring Road) 53.66 51.83 54.09 52.54 54.57 53.28 Caoyang Village 80 m (Third Ring Road) 50.79 48.86 51.20 49.56 51.66 50.30 Guoshuchang Village 200 m (Third Ring Road) 47.13 45.39 47.56 46.08 48.03 46.82 Xiangyang Village 60 m (Tao’erhe Road) 50.90 48.64 51.68 49.81 52.51 50.44 Sites within Grade II functional Grade II standard Value 60 50 60 50 60 50 zone Xiangyang Village 60 m (Xingfubei Street) 51.61 49.87 52.06 50.60 52.51 51.30 Sites within Grade 4a Grade 4a Standard Value 70 55 70 55 70 55 functional zone Erlong Village 20 m (Third Ring Road) 57.24 55.49 57.67 56.20 58.16 56.94 Hujia Village 20m (Third Ring Road) 57.20 55.49 57.63 56.20 58.13 56.94 Source: EIA Report. Note: The data exceeding the standard are underlined.

c. Impacts on Surface and Groundwater Hydrology

225. The roads will not directly traverse along surface watercourses during road operations, and as such it is not expected to have significant adverse effect on water quality. As groundwater in the project area is generally relatively deep (> 5m), no impacts to groundwater resources are anticipated. No wells/hand pumps are located in the area of potential impact. There will be no net loss of water access points. Management measures for stormwater and wastewater produced on or along the project roads are described below.

226. Stormwater runoff. Stormwater that flows over the ground can entrain debris, rubbish, petroleum, chemicals, sediments and other pollutants. If prevented by impervious surfaces like asphalt pavements and sidewalks from naturally permeating into the ground, it can transport these pollutants into drainage systems, and even directly into the water bodies, contributing to water pollution. The

46 Included in the procurement plan (packages CBC1 and CBC3 for Erlong village and Hujia village, respectively).

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average annual precipitation in Baicheng areas is about 430 mm, but most rainfall is concentrated during June to September. The dry season lasts about 8-9 months every year, during which the roadside greenbelts have to be watered by using scarce water resource. A special stormwater collection, storage and infiltration system located under the roadside landscaping strip will be designed and installed as a demonstration feature for stormwater management along two project roads. During rainfall, partial rainwater collected from paved carriageway and non-motor vehicle lanes will flow into rainwater collecting system and remaining water will flow into the greenbelt to increase groundwater recharge. The water stored in the system will be used for watering the greenbelts in the dry season.

227. Municipal wastewater. The Baicheng Road component will construct 62.935 km sewer pipelines along the project roads with a domestic sewer collection amount of 9,000 m3/d. The collected wastewater will be delivered to the existing Baicheng municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where it will be treated to Class I-B Standard prior to discharge.

228. Risk of spills. By combining estimated risk occurrence frequencies at predicted traffic volume at the road network, and considering the fact that there is no existing natural river in the project area, the probabilities of pollution on the proposed roads causing by accidental hazardous spills were predicted as extremely low. The domestic EIA concludes that the risk of spills on the project roads and bridges is very minor, and that adequate response procedures are in place to deal with the risk. Baicheng Municipality has an emergency preparedness and response mechanism in place and there is an environment emergency response command office within the Baicheng EPB.

229. In addition, the following surface and groundwater protection measures will be implemented:

i) Routinely collecting and properly disposing litter and debris from sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots, especially near rivers; ii) Cleaning the roadside catch basins before the rainy season to avoid surface water pollution by storm water runoff flushing debris and silt; iii) Placing garbage bins and containers along the road networks, which have been included in the components of this ADB project; and iv) Prohibiting car washing near rainwater drainage networks and channels;

d. Road Safety

230. The concerns over the community safety of the proposed roads have been thoroughly examined during the PPTA. In Baicheng City, the issue of road design features that could enhance the safety of roads was raised in the public consultation activities involving local residents and relevant government divisions. All roads have pedestrian sidewalks. All major roads have separate lanes for non-motorized traffic. Pedestrian-priority traffic lights, safety islands, crosswalks (zebra lines), and boarding bays/islands will be established at all intersections. Road maintenance vehicles will be equipped with warning lights, and staff will wear safety hats and reflective garments and undergo safety training. Under the project’s capacity building component, traffic audit and separate traffic safety awareness campaigns both in schools and residential communities will be conducted.

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231. If not properly controlled, the MSW collection, sorting, composting and landfill processes can create a number of environmental concerns. The major environmental impacts resulting from the MSW components in both Baicheng and Baishan during operation include wastewater and noise emissions from the proposed MSW transfer stations, the MSW sorting and composting plants and the Baishan expanded landfill, increased flying dust and traffic noise from MSW collection and transport vehicles, and impacts on public and occupational safety and health. Odor is a significant impact and major concern of affected people during operation of the MSW facilities. Odors can be produced during collection, transport and disposal of the waste. In particular the landfill can release odors if not properly managed. Improper composting can encourage the formation of odorous compounds (anaerobic conditions encourage generation of odorous compounds like organic acids, mercaptans, alcohols, amines, and hydrogen sulfide gas, and other odorous sulfur compounds).

232. Potential impacts are presented in Table V-23. These concerns can be minimized through proper detailed design in accordance with relevant engineering design standards, and operation of the facilities.

Table V-24: Anticipated impacts during operation of MSW components Impact on Subcomponent Issue Impact

MSW collection stations MSW storage tanks Odor emission MSW compacting MSW transfer stations Odor emission Air quality process Increased flying dust, off gas, NH MSW transport MSW collection vehicles 3 and H2S Washing of solid waste Wastewater which contains COD , Surface Water MSW transfer stations Cr tanks BOD5 and SS. Groundwater MSW landfill Landfill leachate Groundwater pollution Compactor, blower and MSW transfer stations Noise 70-90dB(A) Noise pump MSW transport Sanitation vehicles Noise 80-85dB(A) Solid waste MSW transfer stations Domestic solid waste ----- Traffic congestion and inconvenience Traffic Solid waste transportation MSW collection vehicles to the public MSW transfer stations, sorting Health and Safety Waste Infectious diseases and composting facilities, landfill Source: domestic EIA reports

a. Municipal landfill (Baishan)

233. The Baishan landfill expansion may have a number of potential impacts. Water and wind-borne pollution are the most significant impacts. Water-borne pollution may occur mainly through leachate from the base of the landfill leaking into groundwater and contaminating the groundwater. Wind-borne pollution comprises mainly plastic bags, dust and odor. These impacts are discussed below.

234. Groundwater contamination risk assessment. The likelihood of groundwater contamination caused by landfill leachate from the existing landfill cell was assessed through groundwater quality monitoring and assessment. The assessment was conducted by Shenyang Geological Research Institute in January 2014. Five groundwater monitoring wells downstream of the existing landfill site were

110 monitored, with 18 parameters analyzed (Table V-24). The assessment also included available monitoring results from April 2011 at the same points (No. 1#, 2# and 4#). The results show that all parameters meet the national Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T14848-94), with a trend towards improved water quality from 2011 to 2014. The risk assessment concludes that there has been no significant leakage of landfill leachate into the groundwater aquifer since the landfill was put into operation in 2007, and that the risk of groundwater contamination during landfill operation is not significant. The risk of groundwater pollution is mitigated through a number of measures: (i) interception drains will be constructed to divert runoff water from entering the landfill site; (ii) impermeable lining will be installed for the base and sides; and (iii) an adequately sized leachate collection cell has been constructed for Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the landfill to contain and treat leachate. The efficiency of these measures will be confirmed through periodic monitoring of the leachate treatment facility and groundwater quality, in line with the final recommendation of the Shenyang Geological Institute. Groundwater quality will be monitored at the 5 points defined in Table V-24 at least once a year during construction and operation (CODmn, BOD5 and NO3-N).

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Table V-25: Groundwater Quality of downstream Areas of the Baishan Landfill Site (mg/L, except for pH and coliform) Sampling site 3# (Qiupi Valley, 4# (Pharmaceutical 5# (Jiangbei 2# (Daqiao Valley, 800 Grade III (distance/direction to 1# (150m south) 1300 m Factory, 1000 m Village, 1200 m m southwest) GB/T14848-94 landfill site southwest) southeast) southeast) Depth of 5.5 10.5 5.6 4.6 2.5 - Groundwater (m) Monitoring Year Apr. 2011 Jan.2014 Apr. 2011 Jan. 2014 Jan. 2014 Apr. 2011 Jan. 2014 Jan. 2014 Parameter pH 7.49 7.76 7.25 7.77 7.82 7.43 7.82 7.74 6-9 Total Hardness 216 212 310 254 122 232 166 220 450 TDS - 269 - 317 176 216 306 1000

CODMn 2.0 1.76 1.4 0.54 1.01 1.6 0.45 1.06 3.0

Sulfate (SO4 ) - 29.5 31.4 25.1 23.9 34.8 250 Cl- - 1.80 3.86 3.12 1.55 8.05 250 CN- - ND ND ND ND ND 0.05

NO3 -N 1.57 0.61 21.09 2.50 4.70 3.03 0.50 4.56 20

NO2-N 0.05L 0.05L 0.05L 0.02

NH 4 -N 0.02L ND 0.02L ND ND 0.02L ND ND 0.2 Volatile Phenol ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.002 Fe - ND ND ND ND ND 0.3 Mn - ND ND ND ND ND 0.1 Cr6+ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 Cd - ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 Cu - ND ND ND ND ND 1.0 As ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 Pb - ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 Hg ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 ND: Non-detected; Source: The Groundwater Monitoring Survey for Baishan Landfill Conducted by the Shenyang Geological Research Institute, February 2014

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235. Dust, wind-borne waste. Dust can frequently be a problem at the landfill sites, particularly during dry and windy days. Dust is generated from dry, uncontained materials, especially during loading and unloading of MSW, and from vehicle traffic over unpaved surfaces. As long as there is an adequate buffer zone around the facility, and transport vehicles are covered, residents along the transport roads and near the facilities generally will not be significantly affected by dust. For wind-borne pollution, to a degree, the location of the MSW facilities (remote from any settlements) is a mitigation feature. Additionally, site management prescriptions covering the opening of a single active tip face at any one time, daily soil covering and fencing to catch wind-borne litter will act to minimize wind-borne pollution.

236. Odorous emissions. The EIA institute predicted the NH3 and H2S concentrations at the environmentally sensitive receptors nearby the landfill expansion site, which are summarized in Table V-25 below.

Table V-26: Predicted NH3 and H2S Concentrations at Sensitive Receptors nearby the Baishan Landfill Expansion Site (Unit: mg/m3) Daqiaogou Village Qinggouzi Village Shirengou Village

Distance downwind from the landfill site 1,100 m 800 m 1,500 m

Predicted concentration of NH3 0.00028 0.00037 0.00022

Predicted concentration of H2S 0.00005 0.00007 0.00004

Standard value of NH3 0.2

Standard value of H2S 0.01 Compliance to the standard meet meet meet Source: the domestic EIA Report

237. Thanks to the hills between the landfill site and the sensitive receptors, the predicted concentrations of NH3 and H2S at the sensitive receptors all meet the Sanitation Design Standard for Industrial Facilities of TJ36-79 - for residential area. Nearby residents will be consulted regularly on odor nuisance, and corrective actions will be defined if necessary Monitoring will be conducted during facility operation to confirm compliance.

b. MSW transfer stations

238. Wastewater. The 12 and 15 MSW transfer stations in Baicheng and Baishan, will produce 3,723 and 4,654 m3 per year of mixed wastewater, respectively (including leachate from waste, washing wastewater and domestic wastewater). This wastewater will be pre-treated in septic tanks on site before being discharged into the municipal sewage networks and sent to the municipal WWTPs for treatment. The septic tanks in the transfer stations will be regularly cleaned, and the accumulated sediments will be transported by covered vehicles to local landfills for disposal. The floor of the proposed MSW stations and the septic tanks will be designed to prevent any potential seepage and pollution of groundwater. The pollutant concentrations in the pre-treated wastewater is predicted to be compliant with Class III of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of GB8978-1996, which can be discharged into the existing municipal sewage networks and then deliver to the municipal WWTPs for treatment.

Table V-27: Pollutants and Wastewater Generation in MSW Collection Station Pollutant concentration Estimated pollutant discharge in Estimated pollutant discharge in Pollutant (mg/L) Baicheng (t/a) Baishan (t/a) CODcr 300 1.12 1.4 BOD5 150 0.56 0.7 NH 3-N 30 0.112 0.14 SS 200 0.745 0.93 Source: domestic EIA reports

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239. Odor and noise control. Odor and noise nuisances are the two major concerns of residents nearby planned MSW transfer stations. Since all the MSW collection stations proposed under this components are designed as horizontal compaction type, only limited noise will be generated during compaction at the level about 60-70 dB(A), and no major noise impact is expected around the MSW collection stations according to the EIAs. The following measures have been or will be implemented to minimize operational impacts at the transfer stations to acceptable levels:

i) The sites of the proposed collection and transfer stations have been discussed and selected with potentially affected people; ii) A 5 m wide buffer zone and a greening belt no less than 2 m will be installed around the MSW transfer stations, which are specified in accordance with ―Technical Specifications for Domestic Solid Waste Transfer Stations‖ (CJJ47-2006); iii) MSW transfer stations will be designed as closed structure to reduce their impacts on surrounding environment; iv) MSW transfer stations will have a maximum capacity of 10t/d, and comply with the newest PRC technical guidelines on MSW collection; v) In the proposed MSW transfer stations, MSW will be compacted and then stored in the closed MSW tanks which are placed in the closed MSW transfer stations; the collected MSW will removed to the landfills daily; vi) Pest control measures will be enforced (sprinkle with disinfectant at least once a day in summer, and once per 2 days in spring and autumn); vii) Nearby residents will be consulted regularly, and corrective actions will be defined if necessary; and viii) Ambient noise monitoring will be performed to determine whether further mitigation measure is required or not.

c. Composting facilities

240. Leachate from the composting plants can have elevated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and phenols, resulting from the natural decomposition of organic materials. Leachate generation can be reduced or prevented by monitoring and correcting the moisture levels in the composting pile. The windrows or piles will be placed under a roof to prevent excessive moisture levels due to precipitation. If the composting materials contain excess moisture, leachate will be released during the first few days of composting even without added moisture or precipitation. Following this initial release of leachate, the amount of leachate formed will decrease as the compost product matures and develops a greater capacity to hold water.

d. Occupational Health and Safety (all MSW subcomponents)

241. MSW management workers are particularly prone to injuries and diseases if working under poor conditions. Potential health and safety concerns at MSW collection, sorting, composting and disposal facilities include exposure to bio-aerosols, potential toxic chemicals, and other substances. These problems can be minimized by proper operation of the facility and by adequate worker training and education.

242. Bio-aerosols, endotoxins. A variety of biological aerosols (bio-aerosols) can be generated during composting and landfill process (mainly bacteria, viruses, molds, and fungi). Another health concern at composting and landfill facilities is exposure to endotoxins. Endotoxins are toxins produced

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within microorganisms and released upon destruction of the cell in which it is produced. They can be carried by airborne dust particles. The levels of endotoxins in the air at one yard trimmings composting facility ranged from 0.001 to 0.014 mg/m3. 47 Because bio-aerosols and endotoxins are both carried as dust, dust control measures described above should be incorporated into the design and operation of the composting and landfill facilities. These measures help control worker exposure to and reduce the risk of disease from these airborne hazards. Specific to composting facilities, additional required measures include:

i) keeping compost and feedstock moist; ii) moistening compost during the final pile teardown and before being loaded onto vehicles, taking care not to over-wet the material, which can produce leachate or runoff; and iii) Isolating workers from spore-dispersing components of the composting process such as mechanical turning (for example, using tractors or front-end loaders with enclosed air-conditioned or heated cabs).

243. Worker’s protective equipment, training. Solid waste management workers face a large variety of environmental and work hazards, many of which are unpredictable since the content of the waste changes continually. Prominent among them are: (i) infectious disease from biological wastes; (ii) acute and chronic toxicity from household chemicals, solvents and other chemicals being discarded. This risk is not very great (except when industrial wastes find their way into the residential stream) since household chemicals are usually not very toxic and only relatively small amounts are present; (iii) exposures to heat, cold and bad weather; (iv) noise at harmful levels when heavy machines operate in confined spaces; (v) physical hazards such as slips and falls, puncture wounds, lacerations and abrasions, muscular strains, sprains and repetitive motion injuries. Sorters usually stand continuously, while vehicle operators must sometimes contend with poorly designed seats and operating controls; and (vi) airborne dust and particles. 48 MSW workers will receive training and be provided with personal protective equipment. Training will cover rights and responsibilities of workers under the PRC’s labor law; identification of chemical, physical, and biological risks at the site; safe practices and operating procedures; the role of engineering controls and personal protective equipment in preventing injuries and illnesses; procedures for reporting injuries and illnesses; and procedures for responding to emergencies. The topics have been included in the EMP. Personal protective equipment will be provided to employees. Shower facilities will be available. First medical aid kits will be provided.

E. Cumulative Impacts

244. The simultaneous construction of several constructions close to each other in Baishan and Baicheng will cause a magnification of environmental and social impacts in terms of traffic on the existing road network, noise, air-borne dust, waste generation, community disturbance and safety, etc. These construction related cumulative impacts will be mitigated by adopting proper mitigation measures, including: (i) ensuring coordination between all project contracts and other projects in the area of influence in terms of construction schedule, possible access roads and disposal sites sharing; (ii) contractors will be required to develop material transport plans in consultation with local traffic management authorities and local community; (iii) enforcement of impact mitigation measures to minimize dust, noise and waste generation; (iv) education of construction workers to avoid social conflicts; (v) provision of temporary access for local traffic; and (vi) proper maintenance of access roads and timely restoration upon completion. With effective implementation of good construction

47 Roderique and Roderique, 1990. 48 Adapted from http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-xvii/public-and-government-services/item/842-municipal-recycling-industry; accessed on 6 March, 2014.

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management measures, these construction-related cumulative impacts can be adequately mitigated to an acceptable level. The GRM will enable potential APs to report any excessive disturbances during construction. No significant cumulative impacts are anticipated during the operation of project facilities.

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VI. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

245. During project preparation, various alternatives for each component were proposed, screened, and compared against technical, economic, social, and environmental criteria. The primary objective with respect to environmental criteria was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits.

A. Alternatives for Baishan Water Supply Component

246. Water Source Alternative. The Xibeicha Reservoir was selected as water source through alternative analysis, which confirmed that the reservoir would be the only real alternative amongst the different source assessed: (i) The Tayangcha River water quality is low; annual and seasonal yield fluctuations are too significant to allow for reliable supply; (ii) If groundwater is proposed to be the water source, high pumping lift would be needed and hence the water treatment cost would be increased accordingly; (iii) the water flow of the Hunjiang River is higher, but if water is extracted directly from the main stream, the energy consumption of water lifting is very high for the significant difference in level between the river and the water supply area; (iv) the Xibeicha River is a branch of the Hunjiang River, and has advantages of good water quality, sufficient yield, absence of upstream pollution sources, and higher water level that makes it possible to transfer water to the water supply area by gravity. The proposed site conforms with key water source selection principles, including (i) good raw water quality meeting the PRC drinking water standard, (ii) quantitative reliability of the water source, (iii) convenience of source water protection; (iv) costs of infrastructure construction and operation; and (v) energy efficiency (i.e., supply through gravity). Thus, the Xibeicha River and the planned reservoir is the preferred main water source.

247. Water treatment plant site. For the locational choice of the treatment plant, the FSR considers four options including the reservoir area, Shangdianzi village, Nanshan WTP, and Hunjiang District Tongjiang bridge area. The comparison boils down to reservoir area against Shangdianzi village. The two options are equivalent in terms of energy consumption, but the latter requires less pipeline investment, less site leveling, and no land acquisition and resettlement. The estimated costs are RMB 153.02 million for reservoir area versus RMB 125.87 million for Shangdianzi village, thus the latter is chosen as the least cost option.

Table VI-1: Comparison of Plant Site Alternatives

Source: PPTA DFR, Jan 2014

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248. Water transmission pipeline routes. The project will lay two water transmission pipelines from Xibeicha Reservoir to the districts of Hunjiang and Jiangyuan, respectively. Two options for the pipeline routes were analyzed. Option I is to bury the pipeline under the riverbed from Xibeicha Reservoir to the proposed WTP, requiring no land acquisition, but with significant disadvantages including: i) difficult maintenance and repairing during operation, especially during the flood season; and ii) impact on river water quality during the pipeline laying. Option II consists of laying the pipelines underground along existing roads, with the following advantages: i) relatively simple maintenance and repairing, and ii) pipeline is 640 m shorter that the Option I. The disadvantage of option II include: (i) involving the land acquisition and resettlement; (ii) pipe laying requires breaking up roads. After carefully weighting of advantages and disadvantages, Option II was selected (which is also 38.8 million RMB cheaper)

249. Water disinfectant. A conventional water treatment process was selected, consisting of pre-sedimentation – coagulation - sedimentation – filtration - disinfection. For disinfection, liquid chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light were considered. As the treated water needs to remain continuously disinfected within distribution pipeline, liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide are more appropriate. Liquid chlorine is the most common disinfectant, and its operating expense is lower than that of chlorine dioxide. However, chlorine dioxide is safer and produces less harmful organic trihalomethanes (TMHs) compared to liquid chlorine. Furthermore, liquid chlorine is not produced or sold in Baishan, and has to be purchased in Dalian City, about 690 km away. Thus liquid chlorine disinfection is not suitable, and chlorine dioxide is finally selected as disinfectant. Health and safety measures pertaining to handling of chlorine dioxide are defined in para. 207.

B. Alternatives for Baicheng Urban Infrastructure Components

250. Cross-section of the 3rd Ring Road. For the 3rd Road in Baicheng, two options are compared. Option I was finally selected due to the consideration of traffic safety and noise impact mitigation.

(i) Option I: 2.5 m (sidewalk) + 6 m (NMV) + 3.5 m (green belt) +11.5 m (MV）+8 m (center green belt)+11.5 m (MV) + 3.5 m (green belt) +6 m (NMV) +2.5 m (sidewalk) = 55 m;

(ii) Option II: 4.5 m (sidewalk) +7 m (NMV) +5 m (green belt) + 11 m (MV)+ 11 m (MV) + 5 m (green belt) + 7 m (MV) + 4.5 (sidewalk) = 55 m (Figure B.1 and B.2).

Table VI-2: Comparison of two cross-sections of the 3rd Ring Road Option Advantage Disadvantage i) The MV and NMV lanes are completely separated, iv) larger area occupied benefiting traffic safety; ii) Increased green belt area, benefiting local environment and Option I landscape; iii) The wider green belts between the MV lanes and NMV lands will mitigate traffic noise to pedestrians and first row buildings along the road. v) Wider sidewalks and NMV lanes, and convenience to vi) Without central green belt, easy Option II pedestrians and bicycles. causing traffic accidents.

251. Road pavement. Two kinds of pavement materials for motor vehicle lanes and non-motor vehicle lanes were considered: asphalt concrete pavement and cement concrete pavement. Based on the traffic forecasts and the requirements of urban roads, in addition to other requirements like skid resistance, tire/road noise, durability, rutting and crack resistance, local material supplies, and

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hydro-geological conditions, asphalt concrete pavement was selected. This pavement is cheaper and will make the maintenance of underground utilities easier than that of cement concrete pavement. Asphalt concrete pavement is commonly used in the PRC. The correct grade of asphalt pavement will be specified during the detailed design to take into account the specific conditions in the project city/counties.

Table VI-3: Comparison of Asphalt Concrete and Cement Concrete Pavement

Item Asphalt Concrete Cement Concrete

Pavement performance Low noise, low vibration, low dazzle High noise, high vibration, high dazzle Driving comfort High Low Traffic disturbance during Short time road closure Long time road closure maintenance Design life 15 years 30 years Maintenance Easy to maintain Difficult to maintain Load capacity Average High Investment Average High Thermal stability Low High

252. Street lighting. Two alternatives for street lighting, including high-pressure sodium lamps and light-emitting diode (LED) lighting were compared. Both can meet street lighting requirements, but LED light consumes significantly less power than high-pressure sodium lamps. LED lamps will be used on the proposed roads to satisfy ADB’s and the PRC’s energy conservation and emission reduction policies. The comparison of the alternatives for the street lighting is shown in Table IV-4.

Table VI-4: Comparison of High-pressure Sodium and LED Lamps Items High Pressure Sodium Light LED Street Light Photometric performance Low Excellent Radiator performance Low Excellent Electric performance Electric Shock Easy (High voltage) Safe (Low voltage) Working life Short (5,000 hours) Long (>50,000 hours) Working voltage range Narrow (±7%) Wide (±20%) Daily power consumption 6kWh 3KWh CO2 emission (12 hours) 6kg 3kg SO2 emission (12 hours) 0.2kg 0.1kg Price CNY 1000/lamp CNY5800/lamp Startup speed Quite Slow (Over 10 minutes) Rapid (2 seconds) Strobe Yes (Alternating current drive) No (Direct current drive) Optical efficiency Low High Color index / distinguish Bad, Ra <50 (The color of object is faith, boring, Good, Ra >75 (The color of object is fresh, feature hypnosis) veritable and comfortable) Color temperature Quite Low (Yellow or amber , uncomfortable) Ideal Color Temperature (Comfortable)

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Items High Pressure Sodium Light LED Street Light Bad glare Strong Glare (Dazzle) No Harmful Glare Light pollution Strong No Heating Serious (>300°C) Cold Light (<60°C) Lampshade turn dark Easy (Absorb dust) No (Static proof) Lamp aging turn yellow In A Short Time No Shockproof performance Bad (Fragile) Good (No filament nor glass) Environment pollution Contains Lead Element Etc. No Maintenance cost CNY200/lamp/year CNY 30/lamp/year Product cubage Big Small (Slim appearance) Product weight Heavy Light Annual power saving 1,095 kWh Source: DMX Technologies, 2010 and FSR

253. Drainage and sewer pipe material. Two types of pipe materials were compared in the FSR (Table VI-5 IV-5), including high-density polyethylene (HDPE) double-wall corrugated pipe, and reinforced concrete pipe. The reinforced concrete pipe was adopted for the stormwater pipe with a diameter of >800 mm due to lower cost. For the sewage pipe works and the stormwater pipes with a diameter <800 mm, the HDPE double wall corrugated pipe was selected because of easy construction, less scale formation, better corrosion resistance, high rigidity and flexibility, and high resistance to shock and pressure.

Table VI-5: Comparison of Pipe Material Alternatives HDPE Double Wall Reinforced Concrete Item Corrugated Pipe Pipe Roughness Coefficient 0.009 0.013 Corrosion Resistance Good Medium Quality of Pipe Works and The hot melt is used for pipe connection, The joint is subject to damage. Due to the fact Maintenance Cost which quality is good and is not subject to that the unit pipe is short, the impermeability is damage. The quality of pipe installation is poor. The quality of whole works cannot be guaranteed. The maintenance cost is guaranteed. Maintenance cost is relatively relatively low. high. Length of Unit Pipe ＞6 m 3-5m Unit Price High Low Weight 5% of reinforced concrete pipe Very heavy Environmental Impact Leakages more likely, resulting in groundwater Good for groundwater due to less seepage pollution Service Life 60 years 60 years

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C. Alternatives for MSW Components

254. Waste treatment/disposal. The engineering alternatives included disposal in sanitary landfill, incineration, and composting. In comparison with developed countries, the net caloric value of MSW in the PRC is very low for waste heat utilization and poorly suited to incineration because of the high concentration of food waste and the moisture content which may not be economically viable. Air pollution control (APC) residues are another significant concern. Although dioxin levels are controlled to comply with the standard, experience from PRC’s first large-scale MSW incinerator located in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai shows that the level of Pb in the ash substantially exceeded the permitted level for landfilling, and residues also contained considerable amounts of soluble salts, with a strong potential to pollute the groundwater after landfilling. In view of the high cost, incineration was not considered in this project. Although landfilling is financially the least cost option, the ISWM components of the project aim to implement principles of waste reduction, reuse, and recycling as well as environmental protection. Therefore, waste sorting and composting will be promoted for organic waste. The product of compost will be used for horticulture of municipal gardens.

255. Composting process. Two options, including with-turning windrow composting (Option I) and aerated static pile composting (Option II) were compared. Option II (windrow composting without turning) could however take up three to five years for complete degradation. Option I (high rate/efficiency windrow composting system) needs three to four weeks for composting, which requires that the windrow is turned over twice per week, and maintains the composting temperature at above 55ºC. After complete composting, the compost needs to be left to mature for an additional three to four weeks without turning. Odor control is achieved by covering the system in the Option I. After weighting the costs and reliable, the Option I was selected.

256. Waste compaction (transfer stations). For waste compacting methods before MSW transferring to landfill, the horizontal compaction process and vertical compaction process were compared on the basis of the technical, economic, and environmental criteria against cost and environmental impacts during the PPTA. The results show that vertical compaction process excels in view of less complicated process, better air tightness, less leachate leakage, less land occupation, lower energy consumption, ease to control MSW falling-out, better adaptability to sorting collection and operation ability with power failure or equipment failure. Therefore, the vertical compaction system was selected.

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VII. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Legislative Framework for Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

257. The Environmental Protection Law of the PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (Order of the State Council, No. 253) require that an EIA report prepared by a certified EIA Institute shall solicit the opinions of organizations concerned and residents within and nearby the project sites. The PRC National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued a new requirement for “Social Risk Assessment of Large Investment Projects” in August 2012, which emphasizes the importance of public consultation in an effective manner, and requires that the results of public consultation are clearly summarized in the EIA report, including the dates of consultations, number of stakeholders, the comments received, etc. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) also requires meaningful public participation, consultation and information disclosure. The consultation process for this project therefore followed both the PRC laws and regulations and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). Key activities and results are presented in the following sections.

B. Information Disclosure

258. Two rounds of information disclosure for each project component were conducted by the EIA Institutes, which are summarized in Table VII-1 and illustrated in Figure VII-1.

259. The first round of information disclosure was carried out during the early stage of EIA preparation, of which the content mainly included a detailed description of project scope, contact details of the PMO, the PIUs, the EIA Institute and local EPBs, major procedures and scope of the EIA, and main aspects and approaches for public consultation. The PPTA consultants ensured that people from areas where potential impacts might occur (such as residents nearby the proposed MSW facilities and roadsides) were consulted, as well as the appropriate representatives of age, gender, poverty, and ethnic categories.

260. The second round of information disclosure was undertaken after the preparation of draft FSRs and EIA reports to solicit public comments and suggestions on the preliminary findings of the EIAs, including the potential impacts identified, proposed mitigation measures, as well as the arrangement of environmental management during both project construction and operation. During information disclosure, the EIA Institutes also communicated with local APs and villages, companies/organizations within or nearby project sites to collect preliminary public opinions for the project. The PPTA consultant participated in the meetings.

Table VII-1: Information disclosure during project preparation 1 st Information Disclosure 2 nd Information Disclosure Project Date Media Posted Date Media Posted Baicheng Infra 20 Jun. Posted on website: http:// 7 Jun. 2013 Posted notices and ISWM 2013 www.eiafans.com First Posted on Baishan City Baishan Water 15 Aug. Posted on Baishan City Government’s 1 Dec. Government’s Supply 2013 website: http://www.cbs.gov.cn 2013 website: http://www.cbs.gov.cn 21 Apr. 1 Dec. Posted on the website: www. Baishan ISWM Posted notices 2013 2013 Eiafans.com;

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Baicheng Infra. and MSW Baishan Water Supply BaishanSW M FigureII-1 V : Webpages/newspaper for Information Disclosure (Source: domestic EIAs)

C. First Round of Consultation

(a) Baicheng Infrastructure and ISWM Component

261. Fifty (50) questionnaires were distributed by the EIA Institute to fifty (50) APs and beneficiaries from different age groups, gender, educational backgrounds and occupation (Table VII-2). All questionnaires were completed and returned. The survey result is summarized in Table VIII-3.

Table VII-2: Respondents of 1st Round of Questionnaire Survey Basic Information of the Consulted APs No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male 36 72 Gender Distribution Female 14 28 <25 13 26 Age Group 26-45 24 48 ≥46 13 26 Civil servant and cadre 2 4 Worker 13 26 Occupation Farmer 21 42 Staff in the enterprise and public unit 7 14 Self- employed individual and others 7 14 High school or below 32 64 Education Technical secondary school or above 18 36 Source: EIA Report Table VII-3: Results of 1st Round of Questionnaire Survey No. of Respondents (60 APs Percentage No. Question Option in Total) (%) Very clear 3 6 Did you hear about the project component prior to 1 General 38 76 this meeting? Do not know 9 18 Surface water 2 4 2 What is the main environmental issue in the area? Groundwater 0 0 Air 17 34

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No. of Respondents (60 APs Percentage No. Question Option in Total) (%) Solid waste 11 22 Noise 6 12 Ecological environment 14 28 Economic 21 42 What do you think about the main impact from the Environmental 11 22 3 project? Social 17 34 Other 1 2 Land occupation 17 34 Vegetation 5 10 What do you think about the main environmental 4 Wild animal 1 2 impact of the project? Soil erosion 6 12 Landscape 21 42 Support 37 74 Indifference 12 24 5 What is your suggestion to the project? Support with the 1 2 requirement Disagree 0 0 Source: EIA Report

262. Consultation result. 18% of meeting participants were not aware of the project prior to consultation. In the PRC, the first round of information disclosure (i.e., introducing the project) is through the government’s website or newspaper. In addition, notices for the public consultation and a brief introduction of the project are posted on boards of villagers committees’ offices. This mode of information disclosure is qualified as meaningful, but does not necessarily reach 100% of potentially affected people. The 18%” indicate that only 82% heard about the project prior to the meeting. However, the questionnaire survey was conducted in a public meeting, whereas prior to questionnaire distribution, the EIA institute introduced the project and its scope. 74% of the consulted APs support the project, and believe that the project will improve the local social and economic development, promote sustainable urbanization and enhance residents’ living conditions. The main issues raised by the respondents include: (i) resettlement and related compensation; (ii) the need for noise and dust control, pedestrian safety and traffic management during construction and operation; (iii) quality control of the project construction; and (iv) landscaping maintenance during operation. 24% of consulted people expressed their indifference towards the project.

263. Suggestions provided by the respondents included: (i) avoiding the construction activities at nighttime to minimize the noise and during rush hour of students to guarantee their health and safety; (ii) proper planning should be conducted to avoid repeated excavation of underground pipelines; (iii) undertake water spraying to minimize dust; (iv) timely disposal of construction wastes with necessary covering; (v) improve vegetation along roads to reduce the noise during road operation; and (vi) timely pay the compensation. All these considerations have been included as mitigation and management measures in the updated FSR, EIA and EMP.

(b) Baishan Water Supply Component

264. Fifty (50) questionnaires were distributed by the EIA Institute. The questionnaires were distributed to fifty (50) APs from different age groups, gender and occupations. Forty-eight questionnaires were completed and returned (Table VII-4). And the consultation results are shown in Table VII-5.

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Table VII-4: Respondents of 1st Round of Questionnaire Survey Basic Information of APs Surveyed No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male 30 60 Gender Distribution Female 20 40 <30 3 6 30-40 16 32 Age Group 40-50 17 34 ≥50 14 28 Junior high school or below 36 72 Education above the junior high school 14 28 Source: The EIA Report

Table VII-5: Results for Questionnaire Survey on APs No. of Respondents (48 No. Question Option Percentage (%) APs in Total)

Did you hear about the project Yes 25 52 1 component prior to this meeting? No 23 48 Surface water 25 52 Groundwater 11 23 What is the main environmental issue in Air 5 10 2 the area? Noise 12 25 Solid waste 14 29 No pollution 11 23 What do you think about the Accept 44 92 3 environmental impact from the Not accept 1 2 construction? Indifference 3 6 Ambient air 4 8 Surface water 13 27 What is the major environmental Groundwater 8 17 4 concern during the project operation? Solid wastes 2 4 Noise 4 8 No pollution 25 52 Do you know the compensation Yes 10 21 5 standard of the land acquisition? No 38 79 Agree 10 11.1 6 Do you agree, if your land is occupied? Disagree 1 33.3 Agree with the condition 37 15.3 Support 39 81 What is your attitude towards the 7 Not support 0 0 project? Indifference 9 19 Source: The EIA Report

265. As in Baicheng, a significant number of meeting participants (48%) were not aware of the project prior to the meeting. However, prior to questionnaire distribution, the EIA institute introduced the project and its scope. Most consulted persons (81%) support the Baishan Water Supply Component. They believe that the component will improve the drinking water safety and residents’ health and living condition. The suggestions provided by the respondents included: (i) proper measures should be conducted to avoid pollution and impact on the Xibeicha Reservoir, which is a major drinking water

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source of Baishan; (ii) undertaking water spraying to minimize dust during the pipeline construction; (iii) timely disposal of construction waste with covering; and (iv) the compensation of LAR should be reasonably and timely paid. All these comments have been included as mitigation and management measures in the updated FSR and in the EMP and LARP. 19% of consulted people expressed their indifference towards the project.

266. Forty (40) questionnaires were distributed by the EIA Institute. The questionnaires were distributed to forty (40) APs from different age groups, gender and occupations. All questionnaires were completed and returned (Table VIII-6). And the consultation results are shown in Table VIII-7.

Table VII-6: Respondents of 1st Round of Questionnaire Survey Basic Information of APs Surveyed No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male 22 55 Gender Distribution Female 18 45 <18 0 0 18-30 16 40 Age Group 31-50 12 30 >50 12 30 Primary school or below 20 50 Education Middle school 14 35 University or above 6 15 Farmer 26 65 Occupation Cadre 4 10 Self- employed 10 25 Source: The EIA Report

Table VII-7: Results for Questionnaire Survey on APs No. of Respondents (48 No. Question Option Percentage (%) APs in Total) Very 10 25 Did you hear about the project 1 General 19 47 component prior to this meeting? No 11 28 Surface water 6 15 Groundwater 16 40 What is the main environmental issue in Air 26 65 2 the area? Noise 19 47 Solid waste 7 18 Ecological environment 0 0 Economic 2 5 What do you think about the Environmental 38 95 3 environmental impact from the construction? Social 0 0 Other 0 6 Wastewater 17 43 Waste gas 38 95 What are the major environmental 4 Noise 24 60 issues from the project? Solid wastes 8 20 Dust 7 18

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No. of Respondents (48 No. Question Option Percentage (%) APs in Total) Ecologic 2 5 Electromagnetic radiation 0 0 Temporary 8 20 5 Your living situation Long term 32 80 Support 34 85 What is your attitude towards the Support with the conditions 1 2.5 6 project? Not support 4 10 Indifference 1 2.5 Source: The EIA Report

267. 85% of the consulted APs supported the project, and 10% of respondents didn’t support it (5 consulted APs, including one AP expressing indifference). These are residents living close to existing MSW facilities, who were impacted by odor and flies from the MSW facilities. They think that the project will impact the local environment and residents’ daily life if no proper measures are taken. The EIA team introduced the mitigation measures including: (i) a 5 m wide buffer zone and more than 2 m green belt around the MSW facilities in accordance with the PRC specification of CJJ47-2006; (ii) the new MSW facilities will be designed as closed structure to reduce odor release; (iii) pest and odor control measures will be enforced (sprinkle with disinfectant at least once a day in summer, and once per two days in spring and autumn); and (iv) nearby APs will be consulted regularly, and corrective actions will be defined if necessary. After the explanation, the 5 concerned APs changed their view, expressed their basic understanding of the need for the project as a result of increased MSW amounts in Baicheng, and the importance for proper MSW disposal.

D. Summary of Second Round Public Consultation

268. Based on ADB request, a second round of public consultation was undertaken during 10-26 December 2013 by the EIA institutes in Baishan and Baicheng, respectively, through public meetings. The PPTA consultant participated in the meetings. 158 questionnaires were distributed in the public meetings, with a return rate of 100% (including 51 for Baicheng infrastructure and MSW components, 53 for Baishan Water supply Component and 54 for Baishan MSW component. The meeting was also attended by the 5 APs in Baishan who didn’t support the component in the first round of consultation. 21 organizations (8 in Baicheng and 13 in Baishan) participated in the consultation meetings.

269. The main opinions and concerns collected from the second round of consultation were as follows: (i) people and organizations knew about the proposed project components through the government websites, local newspaper and public meetings, and were aware of the EIA work and LAR planning undertaken; (ii) people and organizations knew the importance and benefits of the project and support the project, including the 5 APs who originally didn’t support the Baishan MSW component; and (iii) people and organizations were satisfied with the mitigation measures proposed to address the anticipated adverse environmental impacts. Most people surveyed who will benefit from the Baishan Water Supply Component were concerned about the water tariff after the component completion, tap water quality, and water pressure supplied to high buildings. Residents who live near the proposed MSW transfer stations were concerned about odor and flies in summer. People who will be affected by the Baicheng Infrastructure Component expressed their views on the resettlement sites and the hope that their future living standards will be improved or at least will not decline. These concerns were considered in the LAR plan. A vast majority of people and organizations surveyed indicated that if the measures and policies proposed in the EIAs and EMPs are strictly carried out during construction and operation, they would be satisfied.

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270. After the public consultations, all the concerns and suggestions were provided to the DIs and EIA institutes. In turn, these concerns and suggestions, as well as mitigation measures, were fully taken into account and incorporated in the updated FSRs, EIAs, and EMPs, and reflected in this IEE and project EMP. These include: (i) proper odor control and landfill leachate seepage protection measures should be strictly taken during design, construction and operation of the MSW facilities; (ii) traffic noise impact to the roadside buildings was addressed in the updated Baicheng EIA and EMP through the prescription to install noise insulation windows; (iii) with regard to whether the quality of the water supply will meet the National Drinking Water Standard of GB5749-2006, various measures were incorporated in the updated FSR and EIA, and will be implemented during operation. These include Xibeicha Reservoir Drinking Water Source Zoning and Protection, regular water quality monitoring at the WTP to guarantee that the water supplied will meet the national standard; and (iv) with regard to the construction site management, timely and careful transfer of construction spoil to the designated disposal sites, and dust and noise control measures has been incorporated in the updated EIAs and EMP.

E. Public Consultation conducted by the PPTA Consultants (including social safeguards)

271. Intensive consultations with local government agencies were carried out by EA and the consultants during the PPTA regarding the project components and locations. More than 900 people were consulted, including 500 urban and rural households were surveyed, eighteen (18) consultation meetings with government agencies, six community focus group discussions (FGDs), and six (6) key informant interviews (case studies) during the survey. The opinions and suggestions of participants were reflected in the poverty and social assessment, social action plan (SAP) and gender action plan (GAP). During preparation of LAR plans, four consultation meetings were organized for each component and over 400 affected households were interviewed. More than 2,000 people in total were consulted during the PPTA.

F. Future Consultation and Information Disclosure

272. Dialog will be maintained with the APs and stakeholders throughout project implementation by continued consultation. Such dialog will ensure that public concerns are understood and dealt with in a timely manner. A consultation and participation plan during construction and operation has been developed, which is presented in the attached EMP. Future consultation will be undertaken via questionnaire surveys, household visits, workshops, and public hearing (consultation meeting). Future consultation and participation will also include involvement of APs during inspection of EMP implementation during the construction and operation phases (through informal interviews by LIEC).

273. The project’s environmental performance will be disclosed by the local EPBs and ADB as follows:

(i) Copies of the domestic EIAs (in Chinese) are available on request in both the Prefecture’s EPB and the EPBs of project city/counties; (ii) This CIEE is available at www.adb.org; and (iii) Environment progress and monitoring reports will be prepared on an annual basis and will be disclosed on ADB’s project website (www.adb.org).

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)

A. Introduction

274. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been defined in accordance with ADB‘s SPS requirement to address social, environmental, health and safety concerns and assist the project to maximize environmental and social-economic benefits. In consultation with the JPPMO, the IAs and the PIUs, it was agreed that each PMO will establish a GRM to address community concerns and complaints.

275. Grievances will most likely include disturbance of traffic; dust emissions; construction noise; odor and flies from MSW facilities, soil erosion; inappropriate disposal of construction wastes; damage to private houses; safety measures for the protection of the general public and construction workers; or water quality deterioration during water supply plant and pipeline works.

276. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women, minority and poor. Multiple points of entry, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available.

277. Each PMO will establish a Project Public Complaint Unit (PPCU), which will be coordinated by the environment management unit (EMU) of the PMO. The PPCU will instruct contractors and CSCs if people complain about the project activities. The PPCU will coordinate with the local EPB and other government divisions, if necessary, and will be supported by the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC), hired under the Project Implementation Consultant Support (PIC). The PPCU will establish a GRM tracking and documentation system, including procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes to the JPPMO and ADB.

278. The contact persons for different GRM entry points, such as contractor, operators of project facilities (OPFs), local EPB, PPCU, etc., will be identified prior to construction. The contact details for the entry points (phone numbers, addresses, e-mail addresses) will be publicly disclosed on information boards at construction sites and on the website of the local EPBs. The chart of proposed GRM is shown in Figure VIII-1.

B. Step-by-Step GRM Procedure

279. The procedure and timeframe for the grievance redress mechanism are described as follows (see Figure VIII-1):

• Stage 1: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person will submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor directly. Whenever possible, the contractor will resolve the issue directly with the AP. The contractor shall give a clear reply within five (5) days. If successful, the contractor will inform the PPCU accordingly.

• Stage 2: If no appropriate solution can be found after the Stage 1 process applied (i.e., after 5 days), the contractor has the obligation to forward the complaint to the PPCU. The AP may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the PPCU, either directly or via one of the GRM entry points (local EPB, PIU, community leaders). For an oral complaint, proper written records must be made. The PPCU will assess the eligibility of the complaint, identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within five (5) working days. The LIEC will assist the PPCU in replying to the APs, if needed. The PPCU will also inform the ADB project manager and

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submit all relevant documents. Meanwhile, the PPCU will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors or OPFs. The contractors during construction and the OPFs during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the PPCU within seven (7) working days.

• Stage 3: In case no solution can be identified by the PPCU, or the complainant is not satisfied with the proposed solution, the PPCU will organize, within two (2) weeks, a multi-stakeholder hearing (meeting) involving all relevant stakeholders (including the complainant, contractor, OPFs, local EPB, PIU, JPPMO). The hearing shall identify a solution acceptable to all, and formulate an action plan. The contractors during construction and the OPFs during operation will implement the agreed-upon redress solution and report the outcome to the PPCU within the agreed upon timeframe.

280. The PPCU shall accept the complaints/grievances lodged by the AP free of charge. Any cost incurred should be covered by the contingency of the project. The grievance procedures will remain valid throughout the duration of project construction and until project closure.

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Grievances/Complaints by APs, Groups or Institutions

Oral or written complaint Solution Oral or written Found complaint

Local EPB, PIU, community Contractor/OPF, CSC leaders

Forward Inform if solved; Forward if not solved

Project Public Complaint Unit (PPCU) under City PMOs

Record complaint, assess eligibility of complaint, inform relevant stakeholders, including PIU, JPPMO and ADB

Solution not found Consult LIEC, PIU, contractor, CSC; identify solution, get AP’s consent

Solution Conduct multi-stakeholder meeting found (contractor, PIU/IA, AP, local EPB, LIEC, JPPMO), identify solution and action plan. Inform and consult ADB

Solution Stage 2 found Implement Solution Stage 3

During During Construction Operation

Contractor OPF

Figure VIII-1: Proposed GRM Note: AP = affected person, EPB = environmental protection bureau, OPF = operator of project facilities, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant; JPPMO = Jilin Provincial project management office; PIU=project implementation unit; CSC=construction supervision company.

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

281. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared for the project during the PPTA, which is presented in Appendix I of this IEE. The development of the EMP drew on the three domestic EIA reports prepared by the two EIA Institutes, discussions with the JPPMO, the PIUs and IAs of Baishan and Baicheng, and consultations with the Jilin Provincial EPD and the local EPBs, as well as other relevant government divisions and local communities.

282. The EMP defines appropriate mitigation measures for the anticipated environmental impacts, and defines the institutional responsibilities and mechanisms to monitor and ensure the compliance with PRC’s environmental laws, standards and regulations, and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). The EMP specifies (i) objectives; (ii) major environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (iii) implementing organization and responsibilities; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (v) a feedback and adjustment mechanism; and (vi) the grievance redress mechanism. The EMP will be reviewed and updated after detailed design, as needed.

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X. CONCLUSION

283. The Project is classified as environment Category B since there will be limited, generally site-specific impacts that are largely reversible and that can be readily addressed through mitigation measures. The project is expected to have generally minor, localized negative impacts that are temporary in nature. This IEE and EMP provides the EA, IAs and PIUs with a comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts associated with all project components, and sets out all necessary environmental management measures for design, construction, and operation.

284. The project will have significant environment, health and safety benefits. In Baishan, the project will help reduce non-revenue water (NRW) in Baishan from 65% to 30% and implement water supply monitoring and control system (SCADA) to improve energy efficiency, resulting in annual water savings of 6.4 million m3 and energy savings of 7.3 million kWh. In Baicheng, the wastewater collection rate will be increased by 9,000 m3 per day, significantly reducing annual pollution load to the environment. The project will promote low-carbon transport modes by dedicating separate bus priority and non-motorized lanes. The application of LED lights, which is expected to save 530,000 KWh per year of electricity, will 49 result in a CO2 emission reduction of 528 t/a as compared to conventional street lighting. Curbside stormwater collection and infiltration will be piloted along three project roads to mitigate the risk of waterlogging induced by increased urban soil sealing. The solid waste management components will significantly improve waste management practices by promoting source-segregation and recycling of domestic waste (kitchen waste, recyclates such as glas, metal, clothes) and composting of kitchen waste. As a result, approximately 14,000 tons of kitchen waste will be converted to valuable compost. It is anticipated that the Project will create 2,961 full-time jobs during four years construction and 321 full-time jobs during operation. Targets for employment of women, ethnic minorities and the poor are included in the social action plan (SAP), gender action plan (GAP) and design and monitoring framework (DMF).

285. Anticipated impacts during construction of all project facilities will include short episodes of increased noise and dust pollution during a few concentrated activities, such as the soil excavation for roads, water transmission lines, landfill; road base construction; and asphalt works. Surface water contamination during the laying of water transmission lines in Baishan is not considered significant, provided that measures defined in the EMP are applied. No environmentally sensitive or culturally significant areas will be disturbed. There are no ecologically sensitive areas within 25 km of any of the project facilities.

286. Potential impacts during operation of the Baicheng infrastructure component include traffic noise and air pollution at some sensitive areas along the constructed roads including schools, hospitals, and residential areas. However, noise and air quality predictions indicate that the impact will not be significant according to the predicted data in the EIA, even in the long term. Other impacts and risks during operation include traffic safety caused by over-speed, and potential accidental spills caused by hazardous goods transportation.

287. Major environmental impacts resulting from the MSW components during operation include odorous gases (H2S and NH3), which will affect nearby residents, leachate from the landfill expansion site in Baishan, wastewater and noise from the proposed MSW collection and transfer stations and garbage sorting and composting sites, and traffic noise from collection vehicles. Buffer zones (5 m-wide) and greening belts (2 m-wide) will be installed around all MSW facilities; and nearby residents will be consulted regularly on odor nuisance, and corrective actions will be defined if necessary.

49 A KWh electricity saving reduces 0.997 kg of CO2.

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288. The water supply system has few environmental, health and safety risks, and will be subject to strict operational standards. Impacts of the water extraction on local and regional water resources have been assessed through water balance analysis water supply plant will have no significant impact on regional water resources based on the water balance analysis. Risks to water supply safety identified are mitigated through the following measures: establishing a Drinking Water Source Protection Zone for the Xibeicha Reservoir, strengthening water quality monitoring capacity of the IA; establishing emergency preparedness and response mechanism, including emergency warning and online water source monitoring system, in the event of water pollution within the reservoir and/or accidental spillage of chemicals or other pollutants into the reservoirs or WTP.

289. Environmental clauses will be included in contracts for project works to ensure that Contractors are aware of and committed to implementing environmental requirements associated with the works.

290. The implementation of this IEE and EMP will be supported through training and through ongoing guidance from the PIC. Training will help improve the environmental capacity of the LPMOs, PIUs and contractors and help ensure that the environmental impacts during the construction are minimized and opportunities for environmental benefits are maximized. The capacity building and training component will focus on water supply safety, MSW management promoting 3R principles, EMP implementation and supervision, and urban transport safety and public transportation.

291. The following assurances, addressing identified risks, have been incorporated into the loan documentations as covenants to ensure that the measures are implemented in a timely and complete fashion:

(i) JPG will, and will cause the IAs to ensure that the design, construction, operation and decommissioning of all project facilities comply with (i) all applicable laws and regulations of the PRC and Jilin Province relating to environment, health and safety; (ii) the ADB’s SPS (2009); and (iii) all measures and requirements set forth in the IEE, the EMP, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a safeguards monitoring report.

(ii) JPG will, and will cause the IAs to ensure that throughout project implementation, (i) any changes to the project design are reviewed that may potentially cause negative environmental impacts; (ii) in consultation with ADB, environmental monitoring and mitigation measures are revised as necessary to assure full environmental compliance; and (iii) provide ADB within 60 days justification for any proposed changes to the mitigation measures required during design, construction and operation.

(iii) JPG will cause the Baishan Municipal Government and the Baishan Xibeicha Quyuan Hydropower Co. Ltd to ensure that (i) the construction of the Xibeicha Reservoir will be completed and operational within 36 months of the loan effective date; and (ii) the Xibeicha Reservoir is constructed, operated, maintained, and monitored in strict conformity with all applicable laws and regulations, including national and municipal laws and regulations and standards on environmental protection, health, labor, and occupational safety.

(iv) JPG will cause Baishan Municipal Government to ensure that (i) any possible pollution from sources or activities in the proximity to Xibeicha Reservoir that might endanger the water quality of the reservoir is adequately controlled; and (ii) a comprehensive emergency preparedness and response plan is to be prepared in advance of the initial filling of the reservoir and made available to ADB, scheduled for November 2016.

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(v) JPG will and will cause the Baishan Municipal Government to ensure the implementation of the municipal government approved water source protection plan and the relevant national and municipal laws and regulations on water source protection are complied with, throughout the implementation period of the Project, including (a) the delineation of water source protection zones around the Xibeicha Reservoir, and (b) the implementation of watershed protection regulations, including the disclosure of land use and activity constraints. In the event of land acquisition, resettlement or other livelihood impacts as a result of water source protection zones and implementation of watershed protection regulations, JPG will cause the BMG to ensure that the necessary document will be prepared in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

(vi) BMG will cause the Baishan water authority to ensure that the Xibeicha River downstream of the Xibeicha Reservoir receives a minimum flow at all times in accordance with the rule on minimum flow provision as defined in the reservoir EIA approved by Jilin Province EPD on 25 Nov. 2008.50

(vii) JPG and the IAs will ensure that the contractors select and manage borrow and spoil disposal sites in accordance with the EMP and in consultation with local EPBs.

(viii) JPG and the IAs will ensure that the contractors will take necessary actions to avoid interruptions to water supply, wastewater collection, heating and other utility services during the construction of the project.

(ix) JPG will, and will cause the IAs to ensure that (a) the project implementation consultants are engaged in a timely manner, including the safeguards specialists; (b) licensed EMSs are contracted to conduct periodic environmental impact monitoring in accordance with the approved monitoring plan; and (c) the capacity-building program described in the EMP and the resettlement plans is implemented as planned from the date of engagement of the consultants until project completion.

(x) JPG will cause the Baicheng Municipal Government to ensure all relevant agencies cooperate to promote traffic safety provisions for the road component of the Project, including the provision of adequate traffic safety signage, traffic signals, traffic control and other necessary facilities. JPG shall also cause the Baicheng Municipal Government to ensure that traffic safety education activities are conducted by means of radio and television and traffic safety booklets to enhance the traffic safety awareness of the local people.

292. Overall, the project’s potential environmental impacts are expected to be acceptable if all the measures defined in the EMP are strictly implemented, and the environmental management and institutional capacity of JPPMO, the LPMOs, IAs, contractors and CSCs are strengthened through implementation of the training program in the EMP. Category B for environment is confirmed. No further surveys or studies are required as long as there are no major changes in the type and location of project facilities and activities proposed.

50 The approval document No. of Jilin_En2008-304

Attachment 1 - Environmental Management Plan

TABLE OF CONTENS

A. OBJECTIVES ...... 2 B. ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 2 C. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 6 D. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, INSPECTION AND REPORTING ...... 21 E. TRAINING, CAPACITY BUILDING, AWARENESS RAISING ...... 25 F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 28 G. MECHANISM FOR FEEDBACK AND ADJUSTMENT ...... 29

A. Objectives

1. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared for the proposed Jilin Urban Development Project in conjunction with the domestic Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Institutes1, the design institute2 and Jilin Provincial Project Management Office (JPPMO) based on the domestic EIA reports, the plan EIA of the Baicheng Economic Development Zone (BEDZ), the feasibility study reports (FSRs), as well as the master plans of Baicheng and Baishan cities, and other project documents. The EMP covers all project implementation phases, including design & pre-construction, construction, and operation.

2. The EMP defines appropriate mitigation measures for the anticipated environmental impacts, and defines the institutional responsibilities and mechanisms to monitor and ensure the compliance with PRC’s environmental laws, standards and regulations, and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). The EMP specifies (i) objectives; (ii) implementing organization and responsibilities; (iii) mitigation measures; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting arrangements; (v) training and institutional strengthening; (v) future public consultation; and (vi) a feedback and adjustment mechanism.

3. In the design stage the Jilin provincial project management office (JPPMO) will pass the EMP to the design institutes for incorporating mitigation measures into the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design, as needed. To ensure that bidders will respond to the EMP’s provisions, the JPPMO, the local PMOs and project implementing units (PIUs) will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding documents: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals, (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions, and (iii) component EIAs, and project IEE including updated EMP for compliance.

B. Organizations and Their Responsibilities for EMP Implementation

4. The Jilin Provincial Government (JPG) is the executive agency (EA) of the project. At the provincial-level, JPG has established the Jilin Provincial Project Leading Group (JPPLG) to provide policy guidance and coordination, and Jilin Provincial Project Management Office (JPPMO) to supervise and coordinate overall project implementation. The two participating city governments will be the implementing agencies (IAs), and they have already established local project management offices (LPMOs) to supervise and coordinate overall implementation of subprojects in their respective cities. The project implementing units (PIUs) will physically implement the subprojects on behalf of respective IAs. The EMP implementation arrangements and responsibilities of governmental organizations are summarized in Table EMP-1.

1 China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute for the Baishan Components and Jilin Xinhuan Environment Protection Company for the Baicheng Components 2 China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute for all components 2

Table EMP-1: Institutional responsibilities for EMP implementation

Agency Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities

Executing Agency (EA) – Jilin Overall policy and direction control. Responsible for project coordination with two Provincial Government (JPG) project city governments, liaison with ADB, financial management and administration.

Jilin Provincial Project Leading Responsible for implementation of the entire project Headed by the Vice Group (JPPLG) Governor and consisting of JDRC, JEPD, JHUCD, JFD, and municipal governments of Baicheng and Baishan:

• Coordinate and overlook project preparation and implementation; • Provide policy guidance during the project implementation; and • Facilitate interagency coordination. Jilin Provincial Project Supervision and overall management to ensure smooth implementation of the Management Office (JPPMO) Project:

• Responsible for all day-to-day management work during the project preparation and implementation periods; • Assign one environment specialist as EMP officer/coordinator; • Communicate and coordinate with ADB for project management and implementation; report the project implementation progress and compliance monitoring to ADB; • Submit bidding documents, bid evaluation reports and other necessary documentations to ADB for necessary approval; • Procurement of project implementation consulting services (PIC), including a loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) to assist in supervision, tracking and reporting on EMP implementation of all subprojects; • Consolidate environmental monitoring reports prepared by LPMOs and local environmental monitoring stations (EMS) and submit them to ADB for disclosure. Implementing Agencies (IAs) – Primarily responsible for project implementation for project components in their Municipal Governments of Baishan jurisdiction, including finance and administration, technical and procurement and Baicheng cities matters, monitoring and evaluation, and safeguard compliance. Day-to-day activities delegated to LPMOs (see below)

Agency Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities

Local Project Management Offices Responsible for all day-to-day management work during the project preparation (LPMOs), established under IAs 3 and implementation periods:

• Communicate and coordinate with JPPMO for project management and implementation; • Establish environment management unit (EMU); • In conjunction with PIUs, incorporation of EMP into bidding documents; • Establishment of a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) with a dedicated Project Complaints Coordinating Unit (PCCU); • Supervision and monitoring of the EMP implementation and annual reporting to the JPPMO (with support of LIEC); and • Participation in capacity building and training programs; • On behalf of the implementation agencies and 3 PIUs, submit bidding documents, bid evaluation reports and other necessary documentations to JPPMO and ADB for necessary approval; • Submit withdrawal applications to Jilin Provincial Finance Department; • Submit required annual audit reports and financial statements of project account of the BCMG, BSMG, and PIUs to ADB; • Engage a design institute to complete preliminary and detailed engineering designs; • Engage a procurement agency which supports the implementation agencies and 3 PIUs Project Implementing Units (PIU)4 Ensuring successful implementation of the relevant project components:

• Appoint one environment specialist as EMP coordinator; • Tendering contractors and equipment with assistance of the international tendering agency; • Administer and monitor contractors and suppliers; • Construction supervision and quality control • Contracting of local (EMS) to conduct environmental monitoring; • Procurement and management of construction supervision companies (CSC) required for subproject implementation in accordance with the PRC and ADB procedures and regulations; • Participation in capacity building and training programs; and • Commissioning of the constructed facilities.

3 Baishan LPMO was setup under the municipal Housing and Construction Bureau; Baicheng LPMO was established under the Management commission of Baicheng Economic Development Zone. 4 There are two PIUs in Baishan, the PIU for the water supply component is Baishan Xibeicha Qiyuan Hydropower Co. Ltd, while the PIU for the MSW Component is Baishan Solid Wastes Disposal Co. Ltd. The PIU for the two Baicheng components is BEDZ Development and Investment Co. Ltd. 4

Agency Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities

Facility Operators: (i) Baishan Ensuring successful ongoing operation and maintenance of the relevant project Xibeicha Qiyuan Hydropower Co; (ii) components: Baishan Solid Waste Disposal Co; (iii) Baicheng BEDC Investment and • In conjunction with PIUs, commissioning of the constructed facilities; and Development Co. • O&M of completed facilities, including environmental management, monitoring and reporting responsibilities. Source: Project Administration Manual (PAM), February 2014

5. Environment staff within local PMOs, JPPMO and PIUs. The local PMOs will have main EMP coordination responsibility. Therefore, each local PMO will establish an environmental management unit (EMU) and designate a leader and an appropriate number of staff. The EMUs will take charge of (i) coordinating the implementation of the EMP and developing implementation details; (ii) supervising the implementation of mitigation measures during project construction and operation; (iii) ensuring that environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures are incorporated into bidding documents, construction contracts and operation management plans; (iv) submitting annual EMP monitoring and progress reports to the JPPMO; (v) coordinating the local grievance redress mechanism (GRM); and (vi) responding to any unforeseen adverse impact beyond those mentioned in the domestic EIAs, the project IEE and the EMP. The EMUs will be technically supported by the loan implementation environment consultant (LIEC). The JPPMO and the PIUs will nominate one staff to act as environmental coordinator to check the overall implementation of environmental management provisions of the EMP, and to work in close coordination with the EMUs of the local PMOs.

6. Loan Implementation Environment Consultant. A LIEC will be hired under the Loan implementation consultant services (LIC). The LIEC will advise the JPPMO, local PMOs, PIUs, contractors and CSCs on all aspects of environmental management and monitoring for the project. The LIEC will (i) assist in updating the EMP and environmental monitoring program, as needed; (ii) supervise the implementation of the mitigation measures specified in the EMP; (iii) on behalf of the local PMOs and JPPMO, prepare the annual EMP monitoring and progress reports in English and submit it to ADB; (iv) provide training to the JPPMO, local PMOs, PIUs, CSCs, on the PRC’s environmental laws, regulations and policies, ADB SPS 2009, EMP implementation, and GRM in accordance with the training plan defined in Table EMP-9; (v) identify any environment-related implementation issues, and propose necessary corrective actions; (vi) undertake site visits as required.

7. Construction Contractors, Construction Supervision Companies (CSCs). Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing relevant mitigation measures during construction under the supervision of the CSCs and PIUs. Contractors will develop site-specific EMPs on the basis of the project EMP. CSCs will be selected through the PRC bidding procedure by the PIUs. The CSCs will be responsible for supervising construction progress and quality, and EMP implementation on construction sites. Each CSC shall have at least one environmental engineer on each construction site to: (i) supervise the contractor’s EMP implementation performance; and (ii) prepare the contractor’s environmental management performance section in monthly project progress reports submitted to the PIUs and local PMOs.

8. Environmental Monitoring Stations (EMS). The PIUs will appoint the EMS of each project city to conduct periodic environmental impact monitoring during construction and operation in accordance with the monitoring plan (Table EMP-7 and Table EMP-8).

C. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

9. Table EMP-2 to EMP-5 list the anticipated impacts of the project components in Baishan and Baicheng during project preparation, implementation and operation as identified by the domestic EIAs and the this IEE, as well as corresponding mitigation measures defined to minimize those impacts. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into detailed design, bidding documents, construction contracts and operational management manuals, which will mainly be implemented by the design institutes (during detailed design) and contractors (during construction), under the supervision of CSCs, LPMOs and PIUs, with technical support from the LIECs. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on environmental inspections and monitoring to determine whether they should be continued, improved or adjusted.

Table EMP-2: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Preconstruction and Construction Phases Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW A. Design & Preconstruction Phases 6 Detail Includ e low 1) Design low carbon Baishan Water Supply System DIs JPPMO, - - - - Included in the design carbon and including variable speed pumps, SCADA 5 , L EPBs7, , design climate stage accurate water metering, water quality monitoring LPMOs8 contracts change instruments (for monitoring at least 42 9 PIUs considerations parameters), leakage detection and repairing equipment for NRW reduction (ensure reduce the NRW from 65% to 30%); 2) Include high-capacity stormwater-drainage pipelines and rainwater detention and reuse facilities in Baicheng Infrastructure Component.

Institutional 3) Establish an EMU in each LPMO, including at least LPMOs, EA, ADB - - - - Counterpart strengthening one environment specialist; JPPMO, funds (EA, IAs, for EMP 4) Appoint environmental coordinators for EMP PIUs PIUs) Implementatio coordination within JPPMO and PIUs; n & supervision 5) Engage loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) under the project implementation consulting TA; and 6) Provide training to all environmental staff for EMP implementation and supervision 11 Updating EMP 7) Update mitigation measures defined in this EMP JPPMO, JEPD , - - - - Included in based on final detailed design, as needed, submit LPMOs, L EPBs, ADB JPPMO’s

to ADB for review; and LIEC operation 8) In case of major change of project location (or budget additional physical component) that may cause substantial environmental impacts or involve additional APs10, IAs and LPMOs should form an EIA team to conduct additional EIA and also public consultation. The revised EIA should be submitted to the JEPD and ADB for approval and disclosure. To determine whether the change is minor or major under assistance of LIEC, JPPMOs and LPMOs

5 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system 6 Design Institutes 7 Baishan and Baicheng Municipal Environment Protection Bureaus 8 Baicheng and Baishan Project Management Offices 9 Project Implementation Units 10 Affected people 11 Jilin Provincial Environment Protection Department 7

Env. 9) Prior to construction, engage Municipal EMS12. PIUs, EMSs LPMOs, Counterpart Constructio monitoring JPPMO, funds (IAs) n 10) Prepare a detailed environmental monitoring plan 11.7 5.3 23 11.2 plan in accordance with environmental monitoring ADB Preparation plan defined in this EMP. Bidding and 11) Ensure the mitigation measures in the EMP are DIs, LIEC, JEPD, - - - - Included in contract incorporated in all bidding documents, which will JPPMO, LEPBs, ADB detail design documents be sent to ADB for review; and LPMOs, contract 12) Prepare environmental contract clauses for PIUs contractors, namely the special conditions (e.g., reference to EMP and monitoring requirements). EMP training 13) LIEC, or invited environment specialists and/or LIEC, JEPD, ADB 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 Included in the officials from the JEPD or LEPBs provide training JPPMO PIC13 budget on construction environmental management and

implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors and CSCs, in accordance with the training plan in this EMP. Establish 14) Establish a Project Public Complaints Unit (PPCU) LPMOs JPPMO, - - - - Included in operational in each LPMO; provide training for PPCU LIEC, ADB LPMO’s members and GRM access points; and operation GRM 15) Disclose the PPCU’s phone number, fax, address, budget and email to the public on City EPB’s website and on information boards at each construction site. 14 16 Land 16) Update LARP after detail design PIUs, BCA ; - - - - Included in the acquisition LAROs15, 17 cities’ Land 17) Establish a resettlement office comprising local BLM , and government officials to manage the land LBs18, BCAs Acquisition and resettlement acquisition and resettlement process; Resettlement 18) Conduct information dissemination and cost community consultation programs in accordance with the PRC Land Administration Law (1999) and

12 The Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station of Baishan and Baicheng ( the licensed environmental monitoring units) 13 Project Implementation Consultant 14 Land acquisition and resettlement plan 15 The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Office in Baishan and Baicheng 16 Baishan and Baicheng Municipal Bureaus of Civil Affairs 17 Baishan and Baicheng Municipal Bureaus of Land Management 18 The Labor Bureaus of Baishan and Baicheng 8

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW ADB SPS; and 19) Ensure that all resettlement activities are reasonably completed before construction starts on any component. Subtotal 13.7 6.3 25.0 12 .7

Total 57.7 (94,590USD)

B. Construction Phase Topography Earthwork, 1) Define spoil disposal sites and borrow pit locations Contractor PIUs, EPBs, 100.0 29.25 100.0 80 Included in and Soils s oil erosion, in the construction tender documents; CSCs WRBs, construction soil contam. 2) Construct intercepting ditches and drains to LIEC contract prevent runoff entering construction sites, and divert runoff from sites to existing drainage; 3) Limit construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; 4) Stabilize all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on; 5) Properly store petroleum products, hazardous materials and wastes on impermeable surfaces in secured and covered areas; 6) Remove construction wastes from the site to the approved disposal sites; 7) Establish emergency preparedness and response plan (Spill Management Plan) including spill cleanup equipment at each construction site and training in emergency spill response procedures. 8) Stabilize all earthwork disturbance areas within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites; Ambient Air Dust 9) Equip material stockpiles and concrete mixing Contractor LPMOs, 15.0 2.0 10.0 10.0 Included in generated by equipment with dust shrouds, maintain shrouds CSCs PIUs, LIEC construction construction regularly; contract activities, 10) Spray water on construction sites and gaseous air earth/material handling routes where fugitive dust is being generated; pollution 11) Cover materials during truck transport, in (SO2, CO, particular, the fine material, to avoid spillage or NOx) from dust generation; construction 12) Purchase pre-mixed asphalt for road surface machinery paving (Baicheng); if asphalt is heated and mixed and asphalt onsite , asphalt mixers must be located at least 9

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW pavement 200m away from residential areas and other sensitive receptors; 13) Store petroleum or other harmful materials in appropriate places and covering to minimize fugitive dust and emission; 14) Ensure emissions from vehicle and construction machineries are in compliance with the PRC standards of GB18352-2005, GB17691-2005, GB11340-2005, GB2847-2005, and GB18285-2005; 15) Provide high-horsepower equipment with tail gas purifiers; 16) Carry out atmospheric monitoring during the construct ion period. Noise Noise 17) Ensure that noise levels from construction Contractor LPMOs, 15.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 Included in generated equipment and machinery conform to the PRC CSCs PIUs, LIEC construction from standard of GB12523-90, and properly maintain contract vehicles and machineries to minimize noise; construction activities 18) Apply noise reduction devices or methods where piling equipment is operating, such as construction of bridges and WSP & MSW structures, within 300 m of sensitive sites; 19) Locate sites for rock crushing, concrete-mixing, and similar activities at least 1000 m away from sensitive areas; 20) To reduce noise at night, restrict the operation of machinery generating high levels of noise, such as piling, and movement of heavy vehicles along ur ban and village roads between 20:00 and 06:00 the next day in accordance with the PRC regulations; 21) Place temporary hoardings or noise barriers around noise sources during construction, if necessary; and 22) Monitor noise at sensitive areas and consult potenti ally affected people at regular intervals (refer to the monitoring plan in the EMP). If noise standards are exceeded, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation;

Water Impact of 23) Conduct bridge pier construction during the dry Contractor PIUs, LIEC, 8.0 - Included in 10

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW Resources bridge season. CSCs, EMS EPBs, WRB construction construction 24) Protect banks by matting and sediment traps, and contract and EMS contract on river on the completion of construction by the planting of grass and stabilizing vegetation to prevent soil and (monitoring) hydrology water loss; (Baicheng) 25) Pump slurry from pile drilling in the channel bed to shore and properly dispose to reduce the dist urbance of sediments and the impact on water quality; 26) Plan pier construction so as to ensure adequate opening for water flow. Surface and 27) Develop contingency plans for control of oil and 1.0 15.0 11.0 GW contam. other dangerous substances (Spill Management Plan) as part of the CS-EMP; 28) Collect wastewater from construction activities in sedimentation tanks, retention ponds, and filter tanks to remove silts and oil; 29) Equip all areas where construction equipment is being washed with water collection basins and sediment traps; 30) Place storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provide bunds and cleanup installations; 31) Contractors’ fuel suppliers must be properly licensed and follow proper protocol for transferring fuel and the PRC standard of JT3145-88 (Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods); 32) Ensure that water quality (for pollutants such as SS, CODcr, and oil) in surface water is monitored in accordance with the EMP monitoring program. Solid Waste Solid waste 33) Provide appropriate waste collection and storage Contractor PIUs, LIEC 8.0 2.0 8.0 5.0 Included in generated by containers at locations away from surface water or CSCs construction sensitive receivers; construction contract 34) Reach agreement with municipal waste collection activities and services for regular collection of waste prior to from workers’ construction; camps 35) Properly remove and dispose of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils that remain on the ground timely during and after construction to the spoil sites. Any planned paving or vegetating of the area shall be done as soon as 11

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW the materials are removed to stabilize the soil; 36) Burning of waste is strictly prohibited; and 37) Provide sufficient garbage bins at strategic locations and ensure that they are protected from birds and vermin, and emptied regularly (using the municipal solid waste collection systems). Biological Protection of 38) Protect existing trees and grassland during road Contractor, PIUs, LIEC 100.0 10.0 80.0 30.0 Included in resources flora and and pipeline construction. Where trees are to be CSCs construction fauna around removed or an area of grassland disturbed, replant contract trees and re-vegetate the area immediately after construction construction; sites 39) Remove trees or shrubs only as a last resort if they impinge directly on permanent works or approved necessary temporary works; 40) In compliance with the PRC Forestry Law, undertake compensatory planting of an equivalent or larger area of affected trees and vegetation; 41) Only native plant species of local provenance shall be used for re-vegetation; and 42) Identify, demarcate and protect sites where small animals, reptiles, and birds of common species live such as vegetated roadside areas, trees, inner areas of bridges and river beaches, etc. Socio-econo Impact on 43)E stablish chance-find procedures for physical Contractor, LPMO,, 30.0 10.0 30.0 20.0 Included in mic physical cultural resources; CSCs LIEC, City construction 19 resources cultural 44) If a new site is unearthed, work shall be stopped BCR contract immediately and local BCR and the LPMO resources promptly notified. C ommunity 45) Prepare a traffic control plan, to be approved by health and LTMB20 before construction. The plan shall include safety provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, reinstating roads, and opening them to traffic as soon as the construction is completed; 46) Plan construction activities so as to minimize disturbances to utility services. Three-dimensional detection of underground facilities shall be

19 Bureau of Cultural Relics 20 Local Traffic Management Bureau 12

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW conducted before construction (Baicheng Infrastructures Component); 47) Inform residents and businesses in advance through media of the construction activities, given the dates and duration of expected disruption; 48) Place clear signs at construction sites in view of the public, warning people against potential dangers such as moving vehicles, hazardous materials, excavations etc., and raising awareness on safety issues. Heavy machinery shall not be used at night (noise and vibration control); 49) Secure all sites, disabling access by the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate. Occ upational 50) Prepare environmental, health and safety Contractors CSCs, 20.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 Included in health and management plan for the construction works. The LPMOs, LBs, construction safety plan will include the following provisions: EPBs, LIEC contract 51) Provide clean water for all construction sites and workers’ camps; 52) Provide an adequate number of latrines and other sanitary arrangements at construction sites and work camps, and ensure that they are cleaned and maintained in a hygienic state; 53) Garbage bins at construction sites and camps will be set up, which will be periodically cleared to prevent outbreak of diseases, 54) Provide personal protection equipment, such as safety boots, helmets, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, and ear protection; 55) Prepare an emergency response plan to take actions on accidents and emergencies, including environmental and public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events. 56) Establish emergency phone link with hospitals in Baishan and Baichen; 57) Organize a fully equipped first-aid base in each construction camp; 58) Ensure that occupational health and safety matters are given a high degree of publicity to all 13

Potential Responsibility Budget of Component (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baicheng Baishan Funds Issues Implement Supervise Infra. MSW WSP MSW persons regularly or occasionally on each construction site. Display posters prominently in relevant areas of the site; 59) Train all construction workers in basic sanitation, general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work. Implement site HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases awareness and prevention program to target the local community and construction workers; 60) Civil works contracts shall stipulate priorities to (i) employ local people for works, (ii) ensure equal opportunities for women and men, majorities and minorities, (iii) pay equal wages for work of equal value, and pay women’s wages directly to them; and (iv) not employ child or forced labor. Specific targets for employment have been included in the gender action plan (GAP). Cumulative Cumulative 61) Contractors shall coordinate with other project Contractors CSCs, - - - - Included Impacts Impacts contracts and other projects in the area of LPMOs, LBs, elsewhere in during influence in terms of construction schedule, EPBs, LIEC construction contract Construction possible access roads and disposal sites sharing. 62) Contractors shall develop material transport plans in consultation with local traffic management authorities, other contractors, and loc al community; Subtotal 296.0 69.25 273.0 186 Total 824.25 (1.35123 million USD) Source: Domestic EIAs

Table EMP-3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation - Baicheng Urban Infrastructures Component Responsibility Potential Impacts Budget Source of Item Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards and Issues Who Who (10,000 CNY) Funds Implement Supervise 21 22 Ambient Air Excessive vehicle 1) Conduct periodic examination of emission of vehicle exhaust pollutants OPFMB , T , L EPB, - OPF ’s emissions, affecting for each vehicle in accordance with PRC regulation (such as JPPMO, operation ambient air quality GB18352.3-2005); LPMO budget 2) Refuse registration to vehicles with excessive emissions; 3) Implement policies and measures for vehicle emission control formulated by the state and provincial authorities. 23 4) Conduct periodic air quality monitoring (through the EMS) in accordance EMS LEPB 10.0/a LEPB’s with the monitoring program in this EMP; operation budget Acoustic Tra ffic noise along 5) Plant trees and shrubs along the proposed roadsides after construction; Contractors PIU, LIEC Included in Environment project roads and civil works 6) Install 70 double-glazed windows along the Third Ring Road in Erlong contracts village (CBC1) and Hujia village (CBC3) in accordance with the (CBC1, domestic EIA. CBC3) EMS LEPB 4.0/a LEPB’s 7) Conduct ambient noise monitoring and inspection, determine whether operation mitigation measures will be required for sites where noise levels are budget expected to exceed by more than 3 dB(A);

Water Pollution from storm 8) Install special stormwater collection, storage and infiltration system OPF , MDC24, LEPB, 45.0/a OPF ’s 25 Resources water runoff and under the roadside landscaping strip along two project roads (included EMS WRB operation solid waste in detailed design); budget 9) Routinely collect and properly dispose litter and debris from sidewalks, driveways, and parking lots, especially near channels; 10) Clean the roadside catch basins before rainy season to avoid surface water pollution by storm water runoff flushing debris and silt; 11) Place garbage bins and containers along the road networks; and 12) Prohibit the construction of car washing near drainage networks and channels. Sewers, wastewater 13) Regularly inspect and maintain project sewer network; OPF, WWTP LPBE 3.0/a OPF ’s collection and 14) Review performance of linked WWTP 26 (treatment performance, EMS,C MD operation treatment compliance with effluent standards) budget

21 Operator of project facilities (Baicheng BEDZ Investment and Development Co. 22 Traffic Management Bureau 23 Biacheng Environmental Monitoring Station 24 Municipal Drainage Company 25 Baicheng Water Resource Bureau 26 Wastewater treatment plant 15

Responsibility Potential Impacts Budget Source of Item Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards and Issues Who Who (10,000 CNY) Funds Implement Supervise Socio- Road safety 15) Conduct traffic audit and separate traffic safety awareness campaigns JPPMO, PIC, LEPB, TMB, 1.5/a Capacity Economic both in schools and residential communities; OPF , Traffic PSB27 building Resources 16) All roads shall be designed with pedestrian sidewalks. All major roads Police, ITS budget of 28 shall have separate lanes for non-motorized traffic. Pedestrian-priority contractor the PIC traffic lights, safety islands, crosswalks (zebra lines), and boarding bays/islands shall be established at all intersections; 17) Road maintenance vehicles shall be equipped with warning lights, and 10.0/a OPF ’s staff will wear safety hats and reflective garments and undergo safety operation training; budget 18) Proper operation of ITS, include traffic monitoring system, red light and speeding violation monitoring system, real time traffic condition displays Spills of dangerous 19) Ensure that all trucks carrying hazardous materials are marked OPF , Local LPMO, OPF ’s goods according to PRC norms; Traffic Police LEPB, PSB operation budget 20) Enforce traffic controls, and set speed limits for trucks carrying hazardous material; and

Biological Vegetation 21) Routinely inspect and properly maintain all roadside trees, slope OPF EPBFB , L 12.0/a OPF ’s resources stabilization sites, and landscaping vegetation. operation budget

TOTAL Operation Cost 75.5/a

27 Public Security Bureau 28 Project Implementation Consultancy 16

Table EMP-4: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation for Water Supply Component in Baishan Potential Responsibility Budget Source of Item Impacts/ Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards (10,000 Who Who Funds Issues Implement Supervise CNY) Water Water source 1) Properly delineate and maintain water source protection zones around the water source PIUOPF) ( 29, JEPB, 30 .0/a Included in Source protection, (Xibeicha Reservoir) in accordance with Drinking Water Source Protection Paln for the LEPB WRB, PIU’s Xibeicha Reservoir (approval document No. Jiling Gov-2010-112); contamination LPHB30 operation 2) Install and properly operate automatic water source monitoring and emergency warning budget system in Xibeicha Reservoir (at the water intake point); 3) In case of pollution, shut down water transmission from Xibeicha Reservoir, and temporary switch to existing Nanshan WTP through the pipeline network; and take effective measures to identify and remove pollution source.

Water D rinking water 4) Equip WTP with laboratory able to examine 42 parameters of the National Standard for PIU, LIEC LEPB, IA, 1.5/a Included in supply quality Drinking Water (GB5749-2006); WRB the training safety monitoring 5) Twice a year, send water samples taken from the clean water tank of the WTP to budget Changchun WSC for examination of 106 parameters according to the PRC regulation; (Quality) 6) Ensure that WSPs’ staff/workers are well trained on all steps of the treatment process, including emergency warning and response actions.

Handling Risk caused by 7) Chemicals will be transported and managed in compliance with PRC regulations on PIU EPB, WRB 15.0/a Included in and hydrogen hazardous chemical substance management (The PRC State Council Order No. PIU’s 2002; -244) disposal of chloride and operation 8) Transport vehicles and personnel will be trained and qualified with hazardous chemical chlorine chlorine dioxide budget substance handling and transportation; dioxide at leakage 9) Storage of hazardous chemicals will be arranged with certificates procured from the the WTP police department and fire authorities; 10) Chlorination rooms and chemical storage rooms in the WSP will be equipped with automatic censors and alarms, which will be triggered by ClO2 leakage; 11) The WSP will be equipped with gas masks, oxygen breathing apparatus and other rescue materials, to protect staff in the event of leakage of hydrogen chloride and ClO 2; and 12) An emergency response plan will be prepared and implemented in the WSP. The plan will inform staff about the characteristics of ClO 2 and hydrochloric acid, potential hazards, and define accident prevention measures and evacuation plan. Noise Operational 13) All noise-emitting machinery and equipment including pumps, fans, and sludge PIU LEPB --- Included in noise in the dewatering machines (spin-driers) shall be installed in sound-proof housing within PIU’s rooms in the WTP, and be kept in good operation condition. WTP operation 14) Conduct periodic noise monitoring to confirm compliance with GB12348-2008 budget Sludge in S ludge in 15) Develop and implement a sludge handling plan, including collection and storage of PIU LEPB 20.0/a Included in WTP sedimentation sludge, transport, environmentally sound reuse and/or disposal. Sludge shall be reused PIU’s for manufacturing bricks and other construction materials, if possible.

29 The PIU and OPF are same 30 Baicheng Municipal Public Health Bureau 17

Potential Responsibility Budget Source of Item Impacts/ Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards (10,000 Who Who Funds Issues Implement Supervise CNY) tanks operation budget Solid WTP staff will 16) Ensure environmentally sound collection, transportation, and disposal of domestic solid PIU LEPB, LHB 6.0/a Inc luded in wastes and generate waste (13.7 t/a) to the existing Baishan Sanitation Landfill; and PIU’s wastewater wastewater 17) Treat 1,300 m3/a of domestic wastewater generated at WTP onsite (septic tank). operation and solid waste budget Ecological Water 18) Ensure minimum ecological flow release of 0.14m3/s to downstream of the Xibeicha PIU, WRB LEPB 5.0/a Included in impact to extraction from River and Hunjiang River in accordance with approved EIA for the Xibeicha Reservoir; PIU’s Xibeicha verify and manage downstream riparian releases; downstrea operation Reservoir, 19) Automatically measure the water flow at the downstream of Xibeicha River, and m budget reduction of feedback the measurement result to influence the water extraction operation; downstream 20) Extend capacity of existing Baishan WWTP from 50,000m3/d to 100,000m3/d by 2016 flow, water (before WTP completion) to cope with increased wastewater amounts induced by quality of increased water supply capacities; ensure that effluent from the WWTP will meet the return waters PRC Standard of GB18918-2002. from use of supplied water reentering the river basin

Total 77.5/a (127,000USD/a) Source: Domestic EIA Report

Table EMP-5: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation – Integrated MSW Components in Baishan and Baicheng Potential Responsibility Budget (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baishan Baicheng Funds Issues Implement Supervise MSW MSW Municipal Leachate 1) Construct and maintain interception drains to divert runoff water from PIU, OPF31 LEPB, 15.0/a - OPF Landfill treatment, entering the landfill site; JPPMO operation (Baishan) groundwater 2) Install impermeable lining for the landfill base and sides; budget pollution 3) Operated and maintain leachate collection cell that were constructed for Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the landfill to contain and treat leachate; 4) Conduct periodic monitoring of the leachate treatment facility and groundwater quality to confirm adequacy of protection measures. Dust, 5) Install and maintain an adequate buffer zone around the landfill facility; PIU,PF O L EPB, 15 .0/a - OPF windborne 6) Ensure that waste transport vehicles are covered; JPPMO operation waste budget

31 Operator of project facility 18

Potential Responsibility Budget (10,000 CNY) Source of Item Impacts and Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Who Baishan Baicheng Funds Issues Implement Supervise MSW MSW 7) Install and maintain fences around the landfill site to control wind-borne waste; 8) Enforce strict site management prescriptions such as covering the opening of a single active tip face at any one time, daily soil covering to catch wind-borne litter, and watering of dust-prone areas. Odorous (NH3, 9) Collect and flare methane produced in the landfill; OPF L EPB, 10 .0/a - OPF H2S) and 10) Regularly (monthly) monitor methane, H2S and NH3 levels in and around JPPMO operation GHGs the landfill; budget emissions 11) Conduct regular inspections of the methane gas outlet pipes to check for blockages or damage, and fire control and lightning protection facilities; 12) Regularly consult nearby residents, and define corrective actions as needed; 13) Prohibit construction of new residential houses or community buildings within 600 m. Pest and 14) Timely soil cover to minimize breeding areas for flies and mosquitoes; OPF L EPB, 10.0/a - OPF disease vector arrange staff timely soil cover the hollow area within the landfill site JPPMO operation control 15) Monitor mosquito, fly and rat activities during landfill operation; and budget 16) Periodic spraying with approved pesticide as needed. Waste Leachate, 17) Install and regularly clean septic tanks in each transfer station; transport PIU,PF O L EPB, 2 0.0/a 15.0/a OPF Transfer wastewater accumulated sediments by covered vehicles to local landfills for JPPMO operation Stations from MSW disposal; budget transfer 18) Design and construct the floor of the MSW stations and the septic tanks stations to prevent any potential seepage and pollution of groundwater; 19) Conduct periodic monitoring of the pollutant concentrations in the pre-treated wastewater to confirm compliance with Class III of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of GB8978-1996; Odors, noise 20) Install a 5 m wide buffer zone and a greening belt no less than 2 m PIU,PF O L EPB, 15 .0/a 10 .0/a OPF emissions, pest around the MSW transfer stations, as specified in Technical JPPMO operation control Specifications for Domestic Solid Waste Transfer Stations budget (CJJ47-2006); 21) Design MSW transfer stations as closed structure and with a maximum capacity of 10t/d; 22) Pack and store MSW in enclosed MSW containers; the collected MSW shall be removed daily; 23) Conduct pest control (sprinkle with disinfectant) at least once a day in summer; 24) Monitor ambient noise and odor (H2S, NH3) to determine whether further mitigation measure is required or not; 25) Consult nearby residents regularly on odor nuisance, and define and 19

Composting Leachate 26) Control leachate generation by monitoring and correcting the moisture OPF L EPB, 5 .0/a 5.0/a OPF facilities levels in the composting pile; JPPMO operation 27) Collect leachate in collection basin, back-spray on compost piles; budget 28) Place windrows or piles under a roof to prevent excessive moisture levels due to precipitation. Occupation Bio -aerosols, 29) Implement dust control measures described above (to effectively control OPF L EPB, 10 .0/a 5.0/a OPF al health endotoxins bio -aerosols and endotoxins dissemination); JPPMO operation and safety 30) Keep compost and feedstock moist; moisten compost during the final pile budget (all MSW teardown and before being loaded onto vehicles, taking care not to facilities) over-wet the material, which can produce leachate or runoff; and 31) Isolate workers from spore-dispersing components of the composting process such as mechanical turning (for example, using tractors or front-end loaders with enclosed air-conditioned or heated cabs). Personal 32) Provide training to MSW workers, covering rights and responsibilities of OPF L EPB, 15 .0/a 8.0/a OPF protective workers under the PRC’s labor law; identification of chemical, physical, JPPMO operation equipment, and biological risks at the site; safe practices and operating procedures; budget training the role of engineering controls and personal protective equipment in preventing injuries and illnesses; procedures for reporting injuries and illnesses; and procedures for responding to emergencies. 33) Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to employees, as well as shower facilities, and first medical aid kits.

TOTAL 115.0/a 43.0/a

Source: domestic EIA reports

D. Environmental Monitoring, Inspection and Reporting

10. The project monitoring program focuses on the environment within the project‘s areas of influence in Baishan and Baicheng. A detailed environmental monitoring program is shown in Table EMP-8, which covers the scope of monitoring, monitoring parameters, time and frequency, implementing and supervising agencies, and estimated costs. The monitoring shall comply with the methodology provided in the relevant national environmental monitoring standards. Other associated standards to be followed are the national environmental quality standards of air, water and noise, and the pollutant discharge standards.

11. Internal monitoring/supervision and reporting by CSCs. During construction, CSCs will be responsible for conducting internal environmental monitoring in accordance with the monitoring plan (Table EMP-7, Table EMP-8). Supervision results will be reported through the CSCs’ reports to the PIUs.

12. Environmental compliance monitoring by EMSs. The PIUs will contract the local EMSs to conduct environmental monitoring in accordance with the monitoring program (Table EMP-7, Table EMP-8). A detailed cost breakdown will be provided by the two municipal EMSs when the environmental monitoring program is updated at the start of each component implementation. Monitoring will be conducted during construction and operation period, until a project completion report (PCR) is issued. Semiannual monitoring reports will be prepared by the EMSs and submitted to JPPMO, LPMOs and the PIUs.

13. EMP implementation monitoring and progress reporting. The LIECs will review project progress and compliance with the EMP based on field visits, and the review of the environmental monitoring conducted by the EMSs. The findings of the LIECs will be reported to ADB through the annual EMP monitoring and progress reports. The reports will include (i) progress made in EMP implementation, (ii) overall effectiveness of the EMP implementation (including public and occupational health and safety), (iii) environmental monitoring and compliance, (iv) institutional strengthening and training, (v) public consultation (including GRM), and (vi) any problems encountered during construction and operation, and the relevant corrective actions undertaken. The LIECs will help JPPMO prepare the reports and submit the English report to ADB for appraisal and disclosure.

14. Project progress reports. A summary of the project’s environment performance and compliance with the EMP will be included in the semi-annual project progress reports submitted by the JPPMO to ADB, to be consolidated in annual progress reports. The annual reports will also cover (a) progress achieved by output as measured through the indicator's performance targets, (b) key implementation issues and solutions, (c) updated procurement plan, and (d) updated implementation plan for the next 12 months.

15. Project completion environmental audits. Within three months after each subproject completion, or no later than one year with permission of the municipal EPBs, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports of each subproject completion shall be (i) prepared by a licensed environmental monitoring institute in accordance with the PRC Guideline on Project Completion Environmental Audit (2001), (ii) reviewed for approval of the official commencement of individual subproject operation by environmental authorities, and (iii) finally reported to ADB through the annual EMP monitoring and progress reporting process.

16. Quality assurance (QA) /quality control (QC) for compliance monitoring. To ensure accuracy of the monitoring, the QA/QC procedures will be conducted in accordance with the 21

following regulations:

i) Regulations of QA/AC Management for Environmental Monitoring issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration in July 2006; ii) QA/QC Manual for Environmental Water Monitoring (Second edition), published by the State Environmental Monitoring Centre in 2001; and iii) QA/QC Manual for Environmental Air Monitoring published by the State Environmental Monitoring Centre in 2001.

Table EMP-7: Environmental Reporting Plan Report From To Frequency of Reporting A . Construction Phase Internal progress reports CSCs PIUs Monthly Environmental monitoring Local EMSs LPMOs, PIUs Semi-annually reports Semia - nnually (through JPPMO, ADB semi-annual project progress EMP monitoring progress LPMOs reports) reports Annually (stand-alone EMP JPPMO ADB progress report) Municipal EPBs, Environmental acceptance Licensed Within three month after JPPMO , IAs, PIUs, monitoring and audit reports institute component completion ADB B . Operation Phase EMP monitoring and progress JPPMO ADB Annually reports Source: Domestic EIAs and Consultant’s proposal

Table EMP-8: Environmental Monitoring Program Estimated Cost (RMB Who Who 10,000) Subject Parameter Location Frequency Implem Superv Baicheng Baishan ent ise MS WS MS Infra W P W 1 . Construction

1.1 pH, SS, NH3-N, Domestic wastewater Compliance LEMS LEPB, 3.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 Quality of CODCr, oil discharge at selected monitoring: four times LPMO sewer from work-camps (50% of total per year during work -camp camps in each city) construction activities 1.2 SS, oil, pH At the bridge (50m Compliance LEMS LPMOL 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 Construction upstream and 100m monitoring: four EPB wastewater downstream of the times per year during drainage channel in construction activities Baicheng); At wastewater discharge points of all construction sites in each city 1.3 Water pH, SS, DO, Downstream of Xibeicha Compliance LEMS LPMO, - - 1.0 - quality NH3-N, BOD5, River (at the section 2000 monitoring: twice per LEPB downstream of CODCr, Total m downstream of the year during ther eservoir coliform, oil reservoir) construction activities

Estimated Cost (RMB Who Who 10,000) Subject Parameter Location Frequency Implem Superv Baicheng Baishan ent ise MS WS MS Infra W P W 1.4 Dust mitigation Visual inspection at all Internal monitoring: CSC PIU, Included in the CSCs’ Ambient air measures construction sites once a week LIEC contract (water spraying, cover vehicles, etc.); and maintenance of vehicles & equipment TSP, PM10, At all construction sites (at Compliance LEMS LPMO 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 NOx least one point upwind, one monitoring: four times EPB points downwind) and per year during sensitive receivers nearby construction activities (see Chapter IV - sensitive receptors within project area of influence) 1.5 LAeq At boundaries of all Compliance LEMS LPMO 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 Noise construction sites and monitoring: twice per EPB sensitive receivers nearby year (twice a day, (see Chapter IV-sensitive once in day time and receivers within project once at night time, for area of influence) 2 consecutive days) 1.6 Garbage from Visual inspection at all Internal monitoring: PIU, Included in the CSC CSCs Solid Waste work-camps construction sites and once a week LPHB contract and work-camps Compliance Included in PIC contract construction monitoring: once a waste at year LIEC ADB construction sites 1.7 Soil erosion Visual inspection at spoil Internal monitoring: Included in the CSCs’ PIU, Soil erosion intensity sites and all construction Random check after CSC contract LIEC and sites, in particular the water rain (rainfall＞50 mm) re-vegetation transmission pipeline route Compliance Included in PIC contract and the Baishan landfill site Monitoring: At least EPB, once a year, and once LIEC EA, after completion of ADB construction Re- vegetation Visual inspection at all Internal Monitoring: At Included in the CSCs’ of spoil disposal disposal sites, and least four times per CSC PIU contract sites and temporary occupied lands year construction Compliance Included in PIC contract sites Monitoring: At least JPPM once a year, and once LIEC O, ADB after completion of construction 1.8 Work camp Inspection at all Internal Monitoring: Included in the CSCs’ Occupational hygiene and construction sites and once a month CSC PIUs contract health and safety, work-camps Compliance Included in PIC contract safety availability of Monitoring: At least clean water and LPHB, once a year, and once LIEC emergency LLB after completion of response plans construction Subtotal 8.2 4.0 10.5 7.2 Total 29.9 (49,000USD)

2. Operation Phase 2.1 pH, SS, DO, Two points: (i) center of the Four times a year (in LEMS PIU, - - 2.0/ - Water quality NH 3-N, oil, Xibeicha Reservoir; and (ii) addition to online LEPB a of Xibeicha CODcr, Cr6+, the water intake point of monitoring system of reservoir BOD5, TN, TP, the water transmission WTP operator) chloride, pipeline. NO 3-N, total

Estimated Cost (RMB Who Who 10,000) Subject Parameter Location Frequency Implem Superv Baicheng Baishan ent ise MS WS MS Infra W P W coliforms, dipterex, dimethoate, dichlorphos, 2.2 42 regular Internal monitoring: Clear Once a week Lab in LEPB, - - 20/ - Water quality parameters32 in water tank in the WSP the PIU LPHB a of treated the standard of water at WTP GB5749-2006. 106 parameters Compliance monitoring: Twice a year Changc LEPB, - - 4.0/ - of Clear water tank in the hun LPHB a GB5749-2006 WSP Water Supply Co. 2.3 m3/s, pH, SS, One sampling at Once a month LEMS LEPB - - 12/ - Water quality NH 3-N, Oil, confluence section of the a and quantity CODcr, Cr6+, downstream Xibeicha downstream of BOD5, TN, TP, River and the Hunjiang Xibeicha River DO, total River coliforms, 2.4 SS, CODcr, Landfill leachate Four times per year LEMS LEPB - - - 2.4/ Landfill NH 3-N, Total a leachate bacteria, heavy metals

2.5 pH, NH3- N, Baishan Landfill site: One Twice per year LEMS LEPB, - - - 4 .0/ Groundwater COD Mn, Cr(+6), sampling at the JPEPD a quality As, Pb, Cd, Hg, background well, two at a volatile phenol, 50m distance of both sides cyanide, fecal of landfill site; one at a coliform, total distance of 50m hardness, downstream of the chloride direction of ground water under the landfill site, separately. 2.6 LAeq (i ) At the boundary of the Twice per year (twice LEMS LEPB - 1.0/a 0.5/ 1.0/ Noise WT P; (ii) The boundary of a day, once in day a a the MSW transfer stations; time and once at night (iii) landfill site boundaries. time for 2 consecutive All sensitive receivers days) 1.5/a - - - along the roads and nearby bridges;

2.7 TSP, SO2, NOx, All sensitive receivers Twice a day for 3 LEMS LEPB 1.5/a - - - Ambient Air PM10 along the roads and nearby consecutive days, bridges twice per year

CH 4, TS P, NH 3, (i) Upwind and downwind Twice a year LEMS LEPB - 5.0/a - 3.0/ H2S of the MSW sorting/ a composting plants and the landfill boundaries; (ii) 20% of MSW transfer stations (random selected) 2.8 Vegetation All re-vegetated sites. Spot check, twice a PIU LEPB, - - - - 33 Soil and survival and year LFB Vegetation coverage rate 2.9 Traffic flow and Project roads Once a year, in PIU LTMB 34 0.5/a - - -

32 The 42 regular water quality in the standard of GB5749-2006 includes: Total coliform, Thermotolerant coliform, Escherichia coliform, Total plate count, As, Cd, Cr+6, Pb, Hg, Se, Cyanide, NO3-N, Chloroform, Tetrachloromethane (CCl4), Fluoride, Bromate, Formaldehyde, NH3-N, Chlorite, Chlorate, Chromaticity, Turbidity, odor & taste, Lookable (appearance), pH, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Chloride, Sulfate, TDS, Total hardness, CODmn, Volatile phenol, LAS, Total α-radioactivity, Total β-radioactivity, ClO2, Residual Cl2. 33 Local Forestry Bureau 34 Local Traffic Management Bureau 24

Estimated Cost (RMB Who Who 10,000) Subject Parameter Location Frequency Implem Superv Baicheng Baishan ent ise MS WS MS Infra W P W Traffic flow and road use particular in the JPPM safety (against representative years O predictions), of 2019, 2025 and and accident 2033 incidents 2.10 Rats, Four boundaries of MSW Twice a year (once in PIU LPHB - 0.3/a - 0.4/ mosquitos, fly facilities and the landfill. summer) a Pest and 2 disease density (No./m ) vectors 385 . 108 . Subtotal 3.5/a 6.3/a /a /a Total 59.1/a (96,853 USD/a) BOD5 = 5-day biochemical oxygen demand; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; CSC = construction supervision company; EMS = environmental monitoring station; EPB = environmental protection bureau; IA = implementation agency; LAeq = equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level; LSMI = licensed soil erosion institute; NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen; NOx = nitrogen oxides; OPF = operators of project facilities; PM10 = particles measuring 10Âμm or less; PMO = project management office; SO2 = sulfur dioxide; SS = suspended solids; TSP = total suspended particle

E. Training, Capacity Building, Awareness Raising

17. To ensure effective implementation of the EMP, the capacity of the JPPMO, LPMOs, PIUs, OPFs, CSCs and contractors must be strengthened, and all parties involved in implementing mitigation measures and monitoring of environmental performance must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and the best practices of project environmental management. The Jilin Provincial EPB, Baishan and Baicheng municipal EPBs and the LIECs will offer training specific to their roles for all the project components. The main training emphasis will be to ensure that the contractors, CSCs, PIUs and OPFs are well versed in environmentally sound practices and are able to undertake all construction and operation with the appropriate environmental safeguards.

18. The training and awareness raising program addresses immediate training needs, i.e. training needed for project personnel in order to ensure that involved institutes are well versed in environmentally sound practices and are able to undertake all construction with the appropriate environmental safeguards.

19. The training program also addresses long-term capacity building and awareness raising needs, i.e. for the operational phase of the project components. Training and awareness raising campaigns will be provided by qualified experts on MSW management with 3R principal, drinking water safety, drinking water source protection, NRW reduction, operation and maintenance of WSP, strategic urban and regional planning, low carbon and sustainable urban transport management planning, and urban traffic safety.

20. The following training program will be delivered or organized by the project management consulting service during the course of project implementation. Training Needs Assessments will be conducted by the Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) to tailor the training for maximum impact. The trainer will include in their program a before/after assessment to evaluate the success of the training. The LIEC and other PIC members will design an evaluation questionnaire to gauge the usefulness of the training/capacity building design and performance of the trainer. The evaluation will be taken into account in the trainer’s performance evaluation. L

Table EMP-9: Indicative List of Short-term Training Program Related to Environment Training Budget Scope of Training Trainer Trainee Time Days Persons program (CNY) Procurement 1. ADB’s procurement Guideline PIC JPPMO, 1 1 30 12 ,000 and contract and process PIUs, IAs, management 2. Bidding document LPMOs, preparation, including EMP LFBs35 clauses 3. Risk of improper procurement and mitigation measures 4. Handling variation orders and contract management Implementation 5. EMP implementation, PI C, JPPMO, 2 2 30 24 ,000 of EMP and including implementation LIEC IAs, PIUs, other health and responsibilities, environmental LPMOs, safety monitoring, inspection and LEPBs, requirements reporting, public consultation LCAB36, including GRM and participation, mechanism GRM of EMP review, feedback and access adjustment; points, 6. The GRM, including GRM other structure, responsibilities and related timeframe, types of local grievances, eligibility Units assessment; 7. Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) considerations during project construction and operation, including community and occupational health and safety; 8. Monitoring and inspection methods, data collection and processing, interpretation of data, reporting system; 9. Communication with the public by different means (Innovative community-based advocacy campaigns) 10. Prevention and control of transmissible diseases and HIV/AIDS Drinking water 11. The PRC and Jilin provincial Exper ts PIU, OPF 1 1 20 10 ,000 source regulations for drinking water invited of the protection and source protection and from WTP, WTP operation protection zoning; ADB or LWRB including NRW 12. Point and non-point pollution IWA37 reduction control, and principles of (Beijing surface water management Office) 13. Energy saving and GHG emission reduction in water supply sector including NRW reduction strategy and methods 14. Sustainable water management and water saving practices

35 Municipal Finance Bureau 36 Local Civil Affair Bureau 37 International Water Association 26

Training Budget Scope of Training Trainer Trainee Time Days Persons program (CNY) Municipal solid 15. International and national Experts LPMOs, 1 1 30 12 ,000 waste good practices for MSW from PIUs, management management (3R concept and JPEPD, LPHB, practice) and LEPBs 16. MSW disposal and LIEC management technologies and options including sorting and composting; Sustainable 17. International and national PIC Baicheng 1 1 20 10 ,000 transport good practice for urban traffic IA, PIU, planning,Traffi safety and other c safety 18. Road safety audit tools and related approaches units (e.g. 19. Public awareness program traffic and education for traffic safety managem 20. Use of performance indicators ent and short-, medium- and bureau) long-term planning 21. GHGs emission reduction and climate change adaptation in transport sector Emergency 22. Environmental accidents, PIC IAs, PIUs, 1 1 30 12 ,000 preparedness mitigation measures for the OPFS, and response sectors of water supply, urban other planning infrastructures and MSW ; related 23. Emergency response team, local procedure and actions; bureaus. 24. Urban drainage and flood emergency response Total 7 7 150 8 ,000 ADB = Asian Development Bank, EA = executing agency, EHS = environment health and safety, EMP = environment management plan, EPB = environment protection bureau, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IA = implementing agency, JPPMO = Jilin provincial project management office, LPMO = project city project management office, OPF = operator of project facilities, PIC = project Implementation consulting service, PIU = project implementing unit,

21. In addition, a series of awareness raising activities have been defined in the Social Action Plan (SAP) and Gender Action Plan (GAP) of the Project:

(1) Awareness raising on municipal waste sorting at source. This activity defined in the SAP will include, amongst others (i) the preparation of a household garbage 3R instruction handbook; (ii) public consultations on waste sorting in selected communities (21 communities in Baishan and 20 communities in Baicheng); and (iii) public sanitation management campaign including 3R in schools (lecture or picture exhibition, handbooks, etc., targeting 70 primary and 30 middle schools). A budget of CNY 810,000 has been earmarked in the consulting service package to cover handbook production and consultation and awareness raising activities.

(2) Awareness raising on water conservation and safe drinking water. This activity defined in the SAP will target Baishan and include, amongst others: (i) the preparation and delivery of water-saving campaign materials; (ii) a public water conservation campaign in schools (lecture or picture exhibition, etc.), and (iii) a public water conservation and safe drinking water campaign in the urban area of Baishan. Campain material costs of CNY 200,000 have been earmarked in the capacity building component of the project. 27

(3) Awareness raising on traffic road safety. This activity defined in the SAP will target Baicheng and mainly consist of a road safety campaign in schools. Campaign preparation costs of CNY 120,000 have been earmarked in the capacity building budget of the project.

F. Public Consultation

22. Meaningful consultation was conducted during the PPTA. Direct public participation was conducted as an ongoing element in the development of the components, which and its outcome are described in Chapter VII of this IEE. These activities were carried out by the EIA institutes in their preparation of the EIAs, and by the PPTA consultants following the PRC National EIA Technical Guidelines and ADB SPS (2009) and PCP (2011).

23. Future plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during PPTA (Table EMP-10). These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation, (ii) evaluating environmental benefits and social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the project is completed. The LPMOs and PIUs are responsible for public participation during project implementation. They will be supported by the LIEC. Costs for public participation activities during construction are included in the project funding.

Table EMP-10: Consultation and Participation Plan Organizer Approach Times/Frequency Subjects Participants Project preparation EIA Institutes Questionnaires and During field work for Project priority, effects, Residents within interviews EIA attitudes to the Project/ project component components, and areas and suggestions construction area PPTA Site visits, and Two rounds of Comments and Representatives of Consultants, public consultation in each of recommendations of APs APs and stakeholder ADB consultations, and the two city and stakeholders agencies interviews Construction PIUs, LPMOs, Public consultation O nce a year during Adjusting mitigation Work staff within LIEC through peak construction measures if necessary, construction area; questionnaire period construction impacts, and residents within survey, site visits, comments and construction area informal interviews suggestions Public workshops At least once during EMP implementation Representatives of peak construction progress, adjusting residents , APs and period mitigation measures if social sectors necessary, construction impacts, comments and suggestions Operation PIUs, OPFs Public consultation At least once Effects of mitigation Residents , APs and site visits measures, impacts of adjacent to project operation, comments facilities and suggestions Public workshop As needed based on Effects of mitigation Representatives of public consultation measures, impacts of residents , APs and operation, comments and social sectors suggestions 28

Organizer Approach Times/Frequency Subjects Participants Public satisfaction At least once after one Comments and Project beneficiaries survey year of operation suggestions EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment, AP = Affected people, OPF = Operator of Project Facilities, PIU = Project Implementing Unit, LPMO = Local Project Management Office, LIEC = Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant, PPTA = Project Preparation Technical Assistance.

G. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

24. Based on environmental inspection and monitoring reports, the JPPMO, LPMOs, PIUs shall decide, in consultation with the LIEC, whether (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective actions, or (ii) some improvements are required for environmental management practices.

25. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated by a feedback reporting system. Adjustment to the EMP will be made, if necessary. The LPMOs and their EMUs will play a critical role in the feedback and adjustment mechanism.

26. If during inspection, substantial deviation from the EMP is observed or any changes are made to the project that may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected people, then the JPPMO and the LPMOs will immediately consult with ADB and form an environmental assessment team to conduct additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA report including the EMP will be submitted to the ADB for review and appraisal, and disclosure. The revised EMP will be passed to the contractors, CSCs and OPFs for implementation. The mechanism for feedback and adjustment of the EMP is shown in Figure EMP-1.

Figure EMP-1: Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment of the EMP

Activities Start Finish 2014 (Year 1) 2015 (Year 2) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 Baicheng Roads & Municipal Services 1.1 Preliminary design Q1 2014 Q4 2015

1.2 Bidding document preparation Q1 2014 Q1 2017

1.3 Final Design Q2 2014 Q2 2016

1.4 Land acquisition and resettlement Q2 2014 Q2 2016

1.5 Bidding & contract award Q2 2014 Q4 2016

1.6 Road, bridge, utility construction Q2 2014 Q2 2018

2 Baicheng ISWM 2.1 Preliminary design Q1 2014 Q1 2017

2.2 Bidding document preparation Q2 2014 Q2 2015

2.3 Final Design Q3 2014 Q4 2015

2.4 Land acquisition and resettlement Q3 2014 Q4 2015

2.5 Bidding & contract award Q3 2014 Q1 2016

2.6 Sorting and composting facility Q4 2014 Q4 2015

2.7 MSW transfer stations construction Q3 2015 Q4 2017

2.8 Equipment procurement Q1 2016 Q2 2018

3 Baishan ISWM 3.1 Preliminary design Q1 2014 Q2 2015

3.2 Bidding document preparation Q2 2014 Q4 2015

3.3 Final Design Q3 2014 Q2 2016

3.4 Land acquisition and resettlement Q3 2014 Q4 2016

3.5 Bidding & contract award Q3 2014 Q4 2016

3.6 Sanitary landfill construction Q1 2015 Q4 2016

3.7 Sorting and composting facility Q2 2015 Q4 2016

3.8 MSW transfer stations construction Q3 2015 Q2 2018

3.9 Equipment procurement Q1 2017 Q2 2018

4 Baishan Water Supply 4.1 Preliminary design Q1 2014 Q4 2015 31 4.2 Bidding document preparation Q2 2014 Q4 2015

4.3 Final Design Q3 2014 Q2 2016

4.4 Land acquisition and resettlement Q3 2014 Q4 2016 32

Figure EMP-2: Project Implementation Schedule

ROADMAP FOR URBAN TRANSPORT IN BAICHENG

Overall component strategic objective: improve urban transport in Baicheng urban area to promote people centered urban transport system emphasizing pedestrian and bicycle traffic and public transportation

Strategic objectives: i) Promote pedestrian and bicycle traffic in urban transport by providing associated pedestrian and bicycle traffic facilities; ii) Promote public transportation by improving bus services and providing bus priority system; iii) Improve urban traffic safety by traffic safety auditing and implementation of 3E (engineering, education and enforcement) program; iv) improve urban transport by developing the integrated urban transport system promoting pedestrian/bicycle traffic and public transportation; and 5) education and public campaign to raise awareness of promoting pedestrian and bicycle traffic, public transport and urban traffic safety.

Approach to achieve objectives: i) engineering and technical aspect; ii) institutional strengthening and capacity development; iii) stakeholder corporation and consultation; and iv) education and public awareness campaign.

Responsible Strategic Objectives; Institutional reforms/Capacity Time Frame/ Agency/ Target/Indicators Actions/Investments building Milestones Institution SHORT TERM (2013 - 2023) Promote pedestrian and 1. Design urban roads with sufficient 1. Capacity building to develop Q3/2015 - existing BCMG, bicycle traffic/ pedestrian and bicycle facilities education and public awareness pedestrian and bicycle BCPMO, 2. Education and public awareness program promoting pedestrian and facility auditing and BCTB Population walking and promoting pedestrian and bicycle bicycle traffic improvement plan using bicycles 3. Implement improvement plan for 2. Existing pedestrian and bicycle Q1/2017 - education existing pedestrian and bicycle facility auditing and develop an d public awareness facilities improvement plan program Q4/2017 - completion of construction of pedestrian and bicycle facilities Promote public transport/ 1. Design bus priority lanes on the project 1. Project implementation support to Q3/2015 - education BCMG, roads implement the design bus priority and public awareness BCPMO, Population using public 2. Improve urban transport by lanes program Baicheng Bus transportation implementing public transportation 2. Capacity building to develop Q 1/2016 - public Company, planning education and public awareness transportation BCPB 3. Education and public awareness to program improvement planning promote using public transportation 3. Capacity building to develop public transportation improvement planning Urban traffic safety/ 1. Traffic safety auditing and safety 1. Capacity development for traffic Q1/2015 - traffic safety BCMG, PMO, design improvement safety auditing and design auditing and design BCTB, Cost per 10k people due 2. Public education and awareness for improvement improvement BCPSB to traffic accidents traffic safety 2. Capacity building to develop public Q4/2016 - public 3. Improvement of traffic safety education and awareness program education and enforcement program for traffic safety awareness program 3. Capacity building to develop traffic Q3 /2017 - traffic safety safety enforcement program enforcement improvement program Urban transport planning/ 1. Implementing urban transportation 1. Capacity building to develop urban Q1/2016 - urban BCMG, PMO, improvement planning transport improvement plan transport improvement BCPB Percentage of urban plan residents walking, biking Q2/2017 - starts to and public transport implement improvement Public awareness for 1.Education and public awareness Capacity building to develop education Q4/2016 -urban B CMG, people centered urban campaign for people centered urban and public awareness campaign for transport education BCPB, transport / transport system emphasizing on water conservation and public awareness Baicheng TV pedestrian and bicycle traffic and campaign program stations and Public satisfactory rate for public transportation Q2 /2017 - starts urban news papers urban transport transport education and public campaign Cost/Source of funds 1. Equipment and construction - included in the project investment plan. 2. Institutional strengthening and training - budget for capacity building in the project investment plan. 3. Education and public awareness program - program development financed by ADB project capacity building program, education and public campaign financed by BCMG. LONG TERM (2023 - 2033) Promote pedestrian and 1. Improve pedestrian and bicycle Strengthening pedestrian and bicycle 2023 - continue BCMG bicycle traffic/ facilities facility planning improvements pedestrian and bicycle 2. Continue education and public facility improvement Population walking and awareness promoting pedestrian and using bicycles bicycle

Promote public transport/ 1. Improve public transportation system Improve public transportation planning 2033 - continue public BCMG, 2. Education and public awareness to transport improvement Baicheng Bus Population using public promote using public transportation Company transportation

Urban traffic safety/ 1. Public education and awareness for Improve urban traffic safety facilities 2033 - continue urban BCMG, traffic safety traffic safety BCTB, Cost per 10k people due 2. Improvement of traffic safety facilities improvement BCPSB to traffic accidents

Public awareness for Education and public awareness campaign Improve urban transport planning 2023 - continue urban BCMG, people centered urban for people centered urban transport system transport BCPB, transport / emphasizing on pedestrian and bicycle Baicheng TV traffic and public transportation stations and Public satisfactory rate for news papers urban transport Cost/Source of funds Baicheng municipal government budget BCMG = Baicheng Municipal Government, BCPMO = Baicheng Project Management Office, BCTB = Baicheng Traffic Bureau, BCPB = Baicheng Planning Bureau, BCPSB = Baicheng Public Security Bureau ROADMAP FOR THE WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT IN BAISHAN (Hunjiang District)

Overall component strategic objective: improve operation and maintenance of Baishan water supply in Hunjiang District to target NRW reduction, operation efficiency including energy efficiency, water supply safety.

Strategic objectives: i) NRW reduction to address the NRW losses due to leakage, unbilled uses and commercial losses; ii) operation efficiency including energy efficiency to address the aspects of engineering, automation and monitoring, operation and maintenance; iii) water supply safety through developing, updating and implementing the water safety plan; iv) tariff reform to achieve full cost recovery; and v) education and public campaign to raise awareness of water conservation.

Approach to achieve objectives: i) engineering and technical aspect; ii) institutional strengthening and capacity development; iii) stakeholder consultation; and iv) education and public awareness campaign.

Responsible Strategic Objectives; Time Frame/ Agency/ Target/Indicators Actions/Investments Institutional reforms/Capacity building Milestones Institution SHORT TERM (2013 - 2018) Reduce NRW losses 1. Install physical equipment: 1. Project implementation support to Q4 2017: system PIU (Qiyuan (both physical and build / install the proposed system installation Hydropower commercial) • 12 flow and 10 pressure meters completion Company) to better detect leaking locations Target NRW Physical ( CNY 1.088.300= USD 181.333) 2. Capacity building and training to the Q2 2017-Q4 2018: Baishan Water Loss Rate of 35% water supply operator for DMA capacity building Supply Company •A dvanced leaking detection management, monitoring and through on-site equipment operation of the installed system, training, domestic ( CNY 1.320.000= USD 220.000) including participation in utility study tours and twinning programs workshops • Pilot DMA (District Metered Area) management in 3 zones 3. Set up of a NRW committee Q2-Q4 201 2018:8 BSMG, BS represented by a focal person in the capacity building Water Affairs PMO to provide semiannual reports through on-site Bureau , Baishan on the progress of the NRW training, domestic Water Supply component. study tours and Company workshops Operation and energy 1. Engineering design optimization 1. Project implementation support to Q1 2017 - system Baishan Water efficiency/ including site selection, equipment build / install the proposed system installation Supply Company selection, installation of SCADA system. completion Energy Consumption per ( CNY 1.200.000 = USD 200.000) ton water supplied 2. Capacity development and training for Q4 2017 – Q4 2018 water supply operator to use the develop operation system effectively (such as peak and and maintenance nonpeak operation) and maintain it in manual good working conditions Governance Institutional strengthening and training 1. Develop performance contracts Q 3 2017-Q4 2018: BMG, Baishan between the service provider and the Establish NRW Wate r Affairs government (not only to hold the Committee in Bureau, Baishan service provider accountable for BSMG Water Supply improving performance, but also to Company ensure that governments do their part) Q2 – Q4 2017: 2. Defining clear and measurable targets develop that must be achieved by the service accountability provider and measures in case of mechanisms non -compliance with the performance targets and rewards for achieving performance targets. 3. Setting reporting requirements that the service provider must adhere to. Water supply safety plan/ Implementation of domestic water source 1. Set up water safety plan team to be BMG, Baishan protection plan (developed and represented by a focal person in PMO Q 1 -Q2 2017: set Water Authority, implemented by domestic funding) and to provide regular reports on the up of WSP team Baishan Water status of the implementation of the and update the Supply Company plans. WSP Rate of drinking water Implementation of the water safety plan meeting national (safe operation of the physical 2. Update and maintain water safety standards infrastructure) plan (WSP), and implement actions defined in the WSP including water quality monitoring and remedy Q4 2017 - training actions. on safe WTP running and O&M 3. Capacity building and training on water supply operator to operate the water supply system correctly to avoid human errors C ost recovery/ T ariff reform plan aiming at partial cost 1. Capacity building to develop action Q1 – Q3 2017: BSMG, Baishan recovery based on Increasing Block plan to improve water use fee develop action Water Supply Financial statements by Tariff Structure (in line with Dec. 2013 collection plan for water use Company the water utility guidance of NDRC+MOHURD) 2. Install water meters for all customers fee collection 3. Promote the installation of water- saving plumbing fixtures Public awareness for 1.Education and Public awareness Capacity building to develop education Q4 2016 - water BSMG, Baishan water conservation campaign for water conservation and public awareness campaign for water conservation Water Affairs conservation education and Bureau, Baishan Public support rate for public awareness Water supply water conservation campaign plans Company

Q4 2017 - water conservation education and public campaign Governance 1. Develop performance contracts Q2 – Q4 2017: BMG between the service provider and the develop Baishan Water government (not only to hold the accountability Affairs Bureau, service provider accountable for mechanisms Baishan Water improving performance, but also to Supply Company ensure that governments do their part) 2. Defining clear and measurable targets that must be achieved by the service provider and measures in case of non -compliance with the performance targets and rewards for achieving performance targets. 3. Setting reporting requirements that the service provider must adhere to.

Responsible Strategic Objectives; Time Frame/ Actions/Investments Institutional reforms/Capacity building Agency/ Target/Indicators Milestones Institution LONG TERM (2018 - 2025) Reduce NRW loss 1. Expand and refine the DMA Confirm or adjust existing institutional and 2019 – critical BSMG, Baishan management and monitoring system management framework. review of existing Water Affairs for NRW framework Bureau, Baishan 2. Assets management to sustain the Share experience with other operators in Wat er Supply NRW targets the city. Company Operation and energy 1. Expand and refine the monitoring Capacity development and training for 2028 - system Baishan Water efficiency system to achieve operation and water supply operator to use the built upgrade Supply Company energy efficiency system effectively 2. Assets management to sustain or increase the operation and energy efficiency Water supply safety WSP update and implementation I dentify the most appropriate government Regular update (5 Baishan regulator that is committed and can years) of the WSP Municipal ensure the long-term WSP adoption. Government, Baishan Water Affairs Bureau, Baishan Water Supply Company C ost recovery Systematically update prices for utility Progressive tariff adjustment 2028 - Updating BSMG, Baishan service that recover costs to provide tariff plans Water Affairs service, encourage conservation of Bureau, Baishan resources Water Supply Company Governance Transition towards an integrated urban 1. Supply optimization JPG, JPDRC, water management (IUWM)1 approach, 2. Demand management, including BMG, Baishan which integrates urban water service conservation pricing Water Affairs with water supply, wastewater and 3. Policy, regulatory and institutional Bureau, stormwater as components of an frameworks integrated physical and institutional 4. Public participation system

1 IUWM is described by UNEP (2003) as the practice of managing freshwater, wastewater, and stormwater as links within the resource management structure, using an urban area as the unit of management. IUWM includes all the different water sources that are present within an urban catchment and plans the processes for treatment, distribution, and disposal as part of one continuous cycle instead of discrete activities. ROADMAP TEMPLATE FOR BAISHAN AND BAICHENG

Overall component strategic objective: demonstration for promoting waste minimization, beneficiary reuse, and safe disposal in small and medium city in PRC.

Integrated Solid Waste Management parameters to implement and manage the system: (i) integration of all stakeholders, (ii) technical waste system elements such as prevention, reuse and recycling, collection and disposal, and (iii) socio-cultural behavioral patterns, environmental, institutional, and political and legal issues.

International waste hierarchy strategic objectives: (i) Minimization, reducing the amount and toxicity of material entering the waste flow, (ii) Reuse: as much material as practicable, (ii) Recycle: the waste that cannot be used and recovery of resources, and (iii) Safe disposal: residue/rejects disposed of in an environmentally sound way.

Responsible Strategic Objectives; Time Frame/ Actions/Investments Institutional reforms/Capacity building Agency/ Target/Indicators Milestones Institution SHORT TERM (2014 to 2020) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: WASTE MINIMISATION 1.1 Public awareness to (1) Hold municipal government meeting with all (1) A group in PMO shall be established to guide 2014-2016 PMO/PIU, DI, minimize waste production related institutes to mobilize the solid waste and manage the preparation and (preparation) CCs, CPC Target: management project implementation  21 communities in Hunjiang (2) Select communities for demonstration of the (2) A community-based group shall be District of Baishan and 20 waste sorting at source and design container established to monitor and support the communities in Taobei of location implementation Baicheng (3) Design and print 3R-based Waste Sorting at (3) Consultants shall provide training to group  Total 45,000 copies of Source Handbook and work plan with members and staff of PMO, PIU and CCs handbook to be delivered to assistance of consultants households (4) Hold community-based meeting to introduce Indicator: handbook and work plan  No. of communities (5) Deliver handbook to household  No. of copies of handbook delivered to households and communities 1.2 Procurement of facilities (1) Procure containers/US$xxxxx (1) Training staff of PMO and PIU on ADB’ 2014-2016 PMO /PIU, DI for sorting of recyclable (2) Design location for container installation procurement (preparation) waste such as paper, (3) Install containers in selected glass and clothes communities/US$xxxx Target:  Total xxx containers to be installed in communities Indicator:  No. of containers installed in Baishan and Baicheng 1.3 Segregation/sorting at (1) Monitor the segregation by the community (1) Training the community-based group on 2016-2020 PIU /CCs, source based group community solid waste management (implementation) CPCs , PMO Target: (2) Record amount of recyclable waste by the  Sorting recyclable waste community based group such as paper, glass and (3) Make statistic of total amount of recyclable clothes waste all communities per day, per month by Indicator: PIU  Amount of paper, glass and clothes per day Cost /Source of funds STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: WASTE REUSE 2.1 Public awareness to waste (1) Same as to SO1 (1) Same as to SO1 2014-2016 PMO/PIU, DI, reus e (2) Same as to SO1 (2) Same as to SO1 (preparation) CCs, CPC Target: (3) Same as to SO1 (3) Same as to SO1  21 communities in Hunjiang (4) Same as to SO1 District of Baishan and 20 (5) Same as to SO1 communities in Taobei of Baicheng  Total 45,000 copies of handbook to be delivered to households Indicator:  No. of communities  No. of copies of handbook delivered to households and communities 2.2 Procurement of facilities (1) Procure bins/US$xxxxx (1) Same as to SO1 2014-2016 PMO/PIU, DI for sorting kitchen waste (2) Procure vehicles for kitchen waste transport (preparation) and treating construction (3) Design location for bin installation waste (4) Install bins in selected communities/US$xxxx Target: (5) Procure sorting facilities for composting  Total xxx bins to be installed (6) Install a composting plant with pre-sorting in communities facilities (30ton/day)  Total xxx vehicles for (7) Purchase two sets mobile crushing equipment kitchen waste transport for construction waste treatment with capacity Indicator: of 90-190 ton/hr each  No. of bins installed in (8) Install crushing equipment (select a workplace) Baishan and Baicheng (9) Procure facilities for restaurant waste treatment  No. of vehicles procured by and reuse in Baishan Baishan and Baicheng (10) install a treatment center for restaurant waste treatment and reuse in Baishan 2.3S orting waste at source/ (1) Monitor the sorting at source by the community (1) Same as to SO1 2016-2020 PIU/CCs, composting kitchen waste based group (implementation) CPCs, PMO Target: (2) Record amount of sorted kitchen waste by the  Sorting kitchen waste at community based group at community source (3) Make statistic of total amount of kitchen waste  Treat 30ton/day of kitchen all communities per day, per month by PIU waste at composting plant (4) Make statistic of total amount of treated kitchen Indicator: waste per month by PIU  Amount of sorted kitchen waste per day  Amount of treat kitchen waste per month 2.4 Material recovery of (1) Make statistic of total amount of compost 2016-2020 PIU/PMO kitchen waste as compost production per month by PIU (implementation) Target: (2) Make statistic of total MSW sorted out from  Production of 10 ton/day kitchen waste and disposed into landfill MSW to landfill (3) Analyze composition of compost products and  Production of 20 ton/day evaluate its unitization according to relevant c ompost product national standards Indicator:  Amount of waste disposed to landfill per day  Amount of compost produced per month 2.5 Marketing of compost (1) Provide analysis report of composition of (1) Training local institutes or companies on 2016-2020 PIU products compost products to institutes or companies for utilization of compost products (implementation) Target: potential utilization (landscaping, forestry land,  Utilization of compost or farmland) products (2) Sign agreement with institutes or companies for Indicator: utilization  Amount of compost products (3) Make statistic of total amount of compost utilized per month, per year products utilized per month, per year by PIU 2.6 Material recovery of (1) Make statistic of total construction waste sorted (1) Training CPC on construction waste 2016-2020 PIU/PMO , CPC construction waste as out from other waste management (implementation) road construction material (2) Make statistic of total construction waste  Reduction of 50,000 crushed and reused t on/year to landfill overall in (3) Construction waste management based on the city community by CPC Indicator:  Amount of construction waste collected per day  Amount of construction waste crushed and reused per month 2.7 Material and/or energy (1) Make statistic of total restaurant waste (1) Training restaurant on restaurant waste 2016 -2020 PIU/PMO recovery of restaurant collected sorting and management (implementation) waste in Baishan (2) Make statistic of total restaurant waste treated  Reduction of xxxxx ton/year and reused to landfill (3) Construction waste management based on  Reuse of xxxx ton/year of restaurants restaurant waste Indicator:  Amount of restaurant waste collected per day  Amount of restaurant waste treated and reused per month Cost /Source of funds STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: WASTE DISPOSAL 3.1 Public awareness to waste (1) Same as to SO1 (1) Same as to SO1 2014-2016 PMO/PIU, DI, disposal (2) Same as to SO1 (2) Same as to SO1 (preparation) CCs, CPC, HB Target: (3) Same as to SO1 (3) Same as to SO1  21 communities in Hunjiang (4) Same as to SO1 District of Baishan and 20 (5) Same as to SO1 communities in Taobei of Baicheng  Total 45,000 copies of handbook to be delivered to households Indicator:  No. of communities  No. of copies of handbook delivered to households and communities 3.2 Procurement of bins for (1) Procure bins/US$xxxxx Same as to SO1 2014-2016 PMO/PIU, DI MSW other than (2) Procure vehicles for kitchen waste transport (preparation) recyclable and kitchen (3) Design location for bin installation waste and facilities for (4) Install bins in selected communities/US$xxxx waste transfer, transport (5) Procure facilities/equipment for waste and disposal transfer/US$xxxxx Target: (6) Install/upgrade waste transfer stations  Total xxx bins to be installed (7) Design and procure facilities for expanding in communities landfill in Baishan  Total 15 waste transfer stations in Baishan and 12 stations on Baicheng Indicator:  No. of bins installed in Baishan and Baicheng  No. of waste transfer stations upgraded in Baishan and constructed in Baicheng 3.3 Source separation of (1) Monitor the sorting at source by the community Same as to SO1 2016-2020 PIU/CCs, MSW from kitchen waste based group (implementation) CPCs, PMO and recyclable waste (2) Record amount of MSW by the community Target: based group at community  Sorting MSW waste at (3) Make statistic of total amount of MSW of all source communities per day, per month by PIU Indicator: (4) Make statistic of total amount of MSW per  Amount of MSW per day month by PIU  Amount of MSW per month 3.4 Improvement of MSW (1) Input vehicles (1) Training staff on transport rout and safety, 2016-2020 PIU/PMO transport vehicles and (2) Maintain vehicles and waste protection during transport (implementation) collection (3) Make statistic of total amount of MSW transport Target: per day, per month by PIU  Upgraded vehicles  Transport MSW from source to landfill Indicator:  No. of vehicles 3.5 Upgrading existing MSW (1) Upgrade or construct MSW transfer stations (1) Training staff on O&M of MSW transfer 2016-2020 PIU/PMO collection and transfer (2) Make statistic of total amount of MSW stations (implementation) stations in Baishan, and transferred per day, per month by PIU construction of stations in (3) Operate and maintain transfer stations Baicheng Target:  15 stations in Baishan and 12 stations in Baicheng  Collection and transfer of MSW Indicator:  No. of transfer stations in Baishan and Baicheng  Amount of collected and transferred MSW 3.6 Improvement of (1) Establish hazardous waste management (1) Training staff on hazardous waste, collection, 2016-2020 PIU/PMO, HB hazardous waste system transfer, treatment, and management system (implementation) management (2) Establish hazardous waste collection station(s) Target: for specific treatment and disposal (Municipality  Establishment of special Task!) collection and treatment of (3) Make statistic of total amount of hazardous hazardous waste waste collected and treated per day, per month management system by PIU Indicator:  No. of transfer stations in Baishan and Baicheng  Amount of collected and tr eated hazardous waste Cost /Source of funds STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: Institutional Capacity Building 4.1 Leading group in PMO to (1) Establish a leading group in PMO to coordinate (1) The group shall be led by director of PMO, at 2014-2016 PMOIU /P guide and manage ISWM relevant institution in the preparation and least one special staff, and one female (preparation) Target: implementation member  Establish the group (2) Recruit consultants of community solid waste (2) Consultants shall provide training to group  At least one female member management and public awareness/US$60,000 members and staff of PMO, PIU and CCs Indicator:  Time to establish the group  No. of staff (disaggregated by sex) 4.2 Community-based 3R (1) Establish a group based on community to (1) Groups members should consist of staff of 2014-2016 PMO/ PIU, CCs, waste sorting at source support the project CCs, CPCs (if have), representatives of (preparation) CPCs group in each targeted (2) Monitor waste sorting in community inhabitants, and sanitary workers community to monitor and (3) Support PIUs to deliver handbook of (2) Consultants shall provide training to group support waste sorting at members source Target:  Establish the group  At least one female member Indicator:  Time to establish the group  No. of staff (disaggregated by sex) 4.3 Consultants’ support (1) Assist PMOs and PIU to implement SAP and 2014-2016 PMO/ PIU, CCs Target: GAP (preparation)  Two consultants with 10 (2) Provide training on solid waste sorting, 3R, person -month management system to staff of PMOs, PIUs, Indicator: CCs, representatives of targeted communities  No. of consultants  No. of training and participants (disaggregated by sex) 4.4 Technical and (1)V isit other cities on solid waste sorting, 2014-2016 PIU/PMO management visiting composting, hazardous waste management (preparation) Target:  Learn technical and management of solid waste management from other cities Indicator:  No. of participants ( disaggregated by sex) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 5: Public Participation and Consultation 5.1 PPC plan (1) Design and prepare PPC (1) Consultants shall train and guide staff of 2014-2015 PMO, Target: PMO to prepare PPC plan (preparation) Consultants  Prepare the plan  At least one female participant to prepare the plan Indicator:  Time to complete the plan  No. of participants ( disaggregated by sex) 5.2 PPC of targeted (1) Draft content of handbook and implementation 2014-2015 PMO /PIU, communit ies for handbook scheme by consultants (preparation) Consultants design and preparation, (2) Discuss draft content of handbook and and implementation requirement scheme (3) Develop final content of handbook and Target: implementation scheme  Opinions of representatives of targeted communities, CCs, CPCs (if have), PIU on content of handbook  At least 40% female participants Indicator:  No. of participants ( disaggregated by sex) 5.3 PPC of targeted (1) Improve implementation scheme 2016-2020 PMO /PIU, CCs, communities for solid (2) Discuss any questions in waste sorting (implementation) Consultants waste sorting at source Target:  Opinions of representatives of targeted communities, CCs, CPCs (if have), PIU on content of handbook  At least 40% female participants Indicator:  No. of participants ( disaggregated by sex) LONGERM T (2021 to 2030) STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: WASTE MINIMISATION 1.1 Extension of source (1) Conduct PPC before implementing waste 202- 1 2030 PIU/CCs, DI recycling of recyclable sorting at source in new communities waste such as paper, glass (2) Prepare detail implementation scheme and clothes in other (3) Establish community-based group in communities in Baishan community and Baicheng (4) Follow the best practice concluded from Target: experience in the targeted communities  100% urban communities in Hunjiang District and Taobei District Indicator: No. of communities conducted waste sorting at source Cost /Source of funds STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: WASTE REUSE 2.1 Extension of material (1) Conduct PPC before implementing waste 202- 1 2030 PIU/CCs, DI recovery of kitchen waste sorting at source in new communities as compost to other (2) Prepare detail implementation scheme communities (3) Establish community-based group in  60 ton/day kitchen waste community treated with composting in (4) Follow the best practice concluded from Hunjiang District and 60 experience in the targeted communities ton/day in Taobei District Indicator:  Amount of kitchen waste treated with composting in Hunjiang District and in Taobei District, respectively

2.2 Energy recovery of other (1) Conduct PPC during preparation and design of 202- 1 2030 PIU/CCs, DI MSW through incineration incineration Target: (2) Prepare detail implementation scheme x x % MSW treated with (3) Construct incineration incineration in Hunjiang District and xx% in Taobei District Indicator: x x % MSW treated with incineration in Hunjiang District and xx% in Taobei District Cost/Source of funds STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: WASTE DISPOSAL 3.1 Source separation of MSW (1) Conduct PPC before implementing waste 202- 1 2030 PIU/CCs, DI from kitchen waste and sorting at source in new communities recyclable waste (2) Prepare detail implementation scheme Target: (3) Establish community-based group in x x % MSW disposed to community landfill directly in Hunjiang (4) Follow the best practice concluded from District and xx% in Taobei experience in the targeted communities District Indicator: x x % MSW disposed to landfill directly in Hunjiang District and xx% in Taobei District

3.2 Reduction of MSW (1) Operate source recycling and separation, 202- 1 2030 PIU/CCs capacity of the existing composting of kitchen waste and incineration of landfill site otherSW M Target:  Less than 60 ton/day of MSW disposed to landfill directly in Hunjiang District and 60 ton/day in Taobei District Indicator: x x ton/day of MSW disposed to landfill directly in Hunjiang District and xx ton/day in Taobei District

Cost/Source of funds ACWF = All China Women’s Federation, CC = Community committees, CDPC = centers for disease prevention and control, CPC = Community property company, DI = Design institute, EB = Education Bureau, FB = Finance Bureau, GAP = gender action plan, HB = Health bureau, IA = implementing agency, MSW = Municipal solid waste, PMOs = Baishan or/and Baicheng project management office, PIUs = Project Implementing Units, PPC = public participation and consultation, SO = Strategic objective,