Animal and Health Inspection Service, USDA § 360.200

that are indigenous to the State and environment; or to allow any of the ac- are threatened with extinction. tivities described in this definition. Noxious weed. Any plant or plant [85 FR 12212, Mar. 2, 2020] product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (in- PART 360—NOXIOUS WEED cluding nursery stock or plant prod- REGULATIONS ucts), livestock, poultry, or other in- terests of agriculture, irrigation, navi- Sec. gation, the natural resources of the 360.100 Definitions. , the public health, or the 360.200 Designation of noxious weeds. 360.300 Notice of restrictions on movement environment. of noxious weeds. Permit. A written authorization, in- 360.301 Information required for applica- cluding by electronic methods, by the tions for permits to move noxious weeds. Administrator to move , plant 360.302 Consideration of applications for products, biological control organisms, permits to move noxious weeds. plant pests, noxious weeds, or articles 360.303 Approval of an application for a per- under conditions prescribed by the Ad- mit to move a noxious weed; conditions specified in permit. ministrator. 360.304 Denial of an application for a permit Person. Any individual, partnership, to move a noxious weed; revocation of a corporation, association, joint venture, permit to move a noxious weed. or other legal entity. 360.305 Disposal of noxious weeds when per- Plant Protection and Quarantine Pro- mits are revoked. grams. The Plant Protection and Quar- 360.400 Treatments. antine Programs, Animal and Plant 360.500 Petitions to add a taxon to the nox- Health Inspection Service of the De- ious weed list. 360.501 Petitions to remove a taxon from partment. the noxious weed lists. Responsible person. The person who 360.600 Preemption of State and local laws. has control over and will maintain con- trol over the movement of the noxious AUTHORITY: 7 U.S.C. 7701–7772 and 7781–7786; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. weed and assure that all conditions contained in the permit and require- § 360.100 Definitions. ments in this part are complied with. A As used in this part, words in the sin- responsible person must be at least 18 gular form shall be deemed to import years of age and must be a legal resi- the plural and vice versa, as the case dent of the United States or designate may require. an agent who is at least 18 years of age Administrator. The Administrator, and a legal resident of the United Animal and Plant Health Inspection States. Service, or any individual authorized State. Any of the several States of the to act for the Administrator. United States, the Commonwealth of APHIS. The Animal and Plant Health the Northern Mariana Islands, the Inspection Service, United States De- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the partment of Agriculture. District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Department. The U.S. Department of Islands of the United States, or any Agriculture. other territory or possession of the Interstate. From one State into or United States. through any other State; or within the Taxon (taxa). Any grouping within District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin botanical nomenclature, such as fam- Islands of the United States, or any ily, genus, species, or cultivar. other territory or possession of the Through the United States. From and United States. to places outside the United States. Move. To carry, enter, import, mail, United States. All of the States. ship, or transport; to aid, abet, cause, [41 FR 49988, Nov. 12, 1976, as amended at 75 or induce the carrying, entering, im- FR 68953, Nov. 102, 2010] porting, mailing, shipping, or trans- porting; to offer to carry, enter, im- § 360.200 Designation of noxious port, mail, ship, or transport; to re- weeds. ceive to carry, enter, import, mail, The Administrator has determined ship, or transport; to release into the that it is necessary to designate the

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following plants 1 as noxious weeds to Cuscuta cuspidata Engelmann prevent their introduction into the Cuscuta decipiens Yuncker United States or their dissemination Cuscuta dentatasquamata Yuncker within the United States: Cuscuta denticulata Engelmann Cuscuta epilinum Weihe (a) Aquatic and wetland weeds: Cuscuta epithymum (Linnaeus) Linnaeus Azolla pinnata R. Brown (mosquito fern, Cuscuta erosa Yuncker water velvet) Cuscuta europaea Linnaeus Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh, Medi- Cuscuta exaltata Engelmann terranean strain (killer algae) Cuscuta fasciculata Yuncker Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth Cuscuta glabrior (Engelmann) Yuncker Hydrilla verticillata (Linnaeus f.) Royle Cuscuta globulosa Bentham (hydrilla) Cuscuta glomerata Choisy Hygrophila polysperma T. Anderson (Miramar Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow weed) Cuscuta harperi Small Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal (water-spinach, Cuscuta howelliana Rubtzoff swamp morning-glory) Cuscuta indecora Choisy Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss Cuscuta leptantha Engelmann Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume Cuscuta mitriformis Engelmann (ambulia) Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cavanilles) S.T. Cuscuta odontolepis Engelmann Blake Cuscuta pentagona Engelmann Monochoria hastata (Linnaeus) Solms- Cuscuta planiflora Tenore Laubach Cuscuta plattensis A. Nelson Monochoria vaginalis (Burman f.) C. Presl Cuscuta polygonorum Engelmann Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Cuscuta rostrata Shuttleworth ex Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus (arrowhead) Engelmann & Gray Salvinia auriculata Aublet (giant salvinia) Cuscuta runyonii Yuncker Salvinia biloba Raddi (giant salvinia) Cuscuta salina Engelmann Salvinia herzogii de la Sota (giant salvinia) Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (giant salvinia) Cuscuta squamata Engelmann Solanum tampicense Dunal (wetland Cuscuta suaveolens Seringe nightshade) Cuscuta suksdorfii Yuncker Sparganium erectum Linnaeus (exotic bur- Cuscuta tuberculata Brandegee reed) Cuscuta umbellata Kunth (b) Parasitic weeds: Cuscuta umbrosa Beyrich ex Hooker Cuscuta veatchii Brandegee Aeginetia spp. Cuscuta warneri Yuncker Alectra spp. Orobanche spp. (broomrapes), other than the Cuscuta spp. (dodders), other than following following species: species: Orobanche bulbosa (Gray) G. Beck Cuscuta americana Linnaeus Orobanche californica Schlechtendal & Cuscuta applanata Engelmann Chamisso Cuscuta approximata Babington Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller Cuscuta attenuata Waterfall Orobanche corymbosa (Rydberg) Ferris Cuscuta boldinghii Urban Orobanche dugesii (S. Watson) Munz Cuscuta brachycalyx (Yuncker) Yuncker Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall Cuscuta californica Hooker & Arnott Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall Cuscuta campestris Yuncker Orobanche multicaulis Brandegee Cuscuta cassytoides Nees ex Engelmann Orobanche parishii (Jepson) Heckard Cuscuta ceanothi Behr Orobanche pinorum Geyer ex Hooker Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelmann Orobanche uniflora Linnaeus Cuscuta compacta Jussieu Orobanche valida Jepson Cuscuta coryli Engelmann Orobanche vallicola (Jepson) Heckard Striga spp. (witchweeds) 1 One or more of the common names of (c) Terrestrial weeds: weeds are given in parentheses after most scientific names to help identify the weeds Acacia nilotica (Linnaeus) Wildenow ex Delile represented by such scientific names; how- (gum arabic tree, thorny acacia ever, a scientific name is intended to include Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) King & Rob- all subordinate taxa within the taxon. For inson (crofton weed) example, taxa listed at the genus level in- Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M. King and H. clude all species, subspecies, varieties, and Robinson (creeping croftonweed, forms within the genus; taxa listed at the mistflower) species level include all subspecies, varieties, Alternanthera sessilis (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex and forms within the species. de Candolle (sessile joyweed)

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Arctotheca calendula (Linnaeus) Levyns Oryza longistaminata A. Chevalier & Roehrich (capeweed) (red rice) fistulosus Linnaeus (onionweed) Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steudel (red rice) Avena sterilis Linnaeus (including Avena Oryza rufipogon Griffith (red rice) ludoviciana Durieu) (animated oat, wild Paspalum scrobiculatum Linnaeus (Kodo-mil- oat) let) Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieberstein (wild Pennisetum clandestinum Hochstetter ex safflower) Chiovenda (kikuyugrass) Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retzius) Trinius (pilipiliula) Pennisetum macrourum Trinius (African Commelina benghalensis Linnaeus (Benghal feathergrass) dayflower) Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius Crupina vulgaris Cassini (common crupina) (kyasumagrass) Digitaria abyssinica (Hochstetter ex A. Rich- Pennisetum polystachion (Linnaeus) Schultes ard) Stapf (African couchgrass, (missiongrass, thin napiergrass) fingergrass) Prosopis alpataco R. A. Philippi Digitaria velutina (Forsskal) Palisot de Prosopis argentina Burkart Beauvois (velvet fingergrass, annual Prosopis articulata S. Watson couchgrass) Prosopis burkartii Munoz Drymaria arenariodes Humboldt & Bonpland Prosopis caldenia Burkart ex J.A. Schultes (lightning weed) Prosopis calingastana Burkart Emex australis Steinheil (three-cornered jack) Emex spinosa (Linnaeus) Campdera (devil’s Prosopis campestris Griseback thorn) Prosopis castellanosii Burkart Euphorbia terracina Linnaeus (false caper, Prosopis denudans Bentham Geraldton carnation weed) Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart Galega officinalis Linnaeus (goatsrue) Prosopis farcta (Banks & Solander) J.F. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier Macbride (giant hogweed) Prosopis ferox Grisebach Imperata brasiliensis Trinius (Brazilian Prosopis fiebrigii Harms satintail) Prosopis hassleri Harms Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois (cogongrass) Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott Inula britannica Linnaeus (British elecam- Prosopis kuntzei Harms pane, British yellowhead) Prosopis pallida (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury (murainograss) Willdenow) Kunth Leptochloa chinensis (Linnaeus) Nees (Asian Prosopis palmeri S. Watson sprangletop) Prosopis reptans Bentham var. reptans Lycium ferocissimum Miers (African boxthorn) Prosopis rojasiana Burkart Lygodium flexuosum (Linnaeus) Swartz (maid- Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart enhair creeper) Prosopis ruscifolia Grisebach Lygodium microphyllum (Cavanilles) R. Brown Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hooker & (Old World climbing fern) Arnott Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus Mikania cordata (Burman f.) B. L. Robinson Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham (mile-a-minute) Prosopis torquata (Cavanilles ex Lagasca y Mikania micrantha Kunth Segura) de Candolle Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright (giant sensitive- Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton plant) Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus (complex) (wild Mimosa pigra Linneaus var. pigra (catclaw blackberry) mimosa) Rubus moluccanus Linnaeus (wild raspberry) Moraea collina Thunberg (apricot Cape-tulip) Saccharum spontaneum Linnaeus (wild sugar- Moraea flaccida (Sweet) Steudel (one-leaf cane) Cape-tulip) Salsola vermiculata Linnaeus (wormleaf Moraea miniata Andrews (two-leaf Cape-tulip) salsola) Moraea ochroleuca (Salisbury) Drapiez (red Senecio inaequidens DC. (South African Cape-tulip) ragwort) Moraea pallida (Baker) Goldblatt (yellow Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Madagascar Cape-tulip) ragwort) Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hackel ex Arechavaleta (serrated tussock) Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. Onopordum acaulon Linnaeus (stemless this- pallidefusca (Schumach.) B.K. Simon (cat- tle) tail grass) Onopordum illyricum Linnaeus (Illyrian this- Solanum torvum Swartz (turkeyberry) tle) Solanum viarum Dunal (tropical soda apple) Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley (jointed prickly Spermacoce alata Aublet pear) Tridax procumbens Linnaeus (coat buttons)

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Urochloa panicoides Beauvois (liverseed (12) Intended use of the noxious grass) weeds; [48 FR 20039, May 4, 1983, as amended at 49 (13) Measures to be employed to pre- FR 25223, June 20, 1984; 57 FR 8838, Mar. 13, vent danger of noxious weed dissemina- 1992; 60 FR 35832, July 12, 1995; 64 FR 12883, tion; and Mar. 16, 1999; 65 FR 33743, May 25, 2000; 66 FR 21060, Apr. 27, 2001; 71 FR 35381, June 20, 2006; (14) Proposed method of final disposi- 74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009; 75 FR 68953, Nov. 10, tion of the noxious weeds. 2010] (b) Permit to move noxious weeds inter- state. A responsible person must apply § 360.300 Notice of restrictions on for a permit to move a noxious weed movement of noxious weeds. interstate. 3 The application must in- No person may move a Federal nox- clude the following information: ious weed into or through the United (1) The responsible person’s name, ad- States, or interstate, unless: dress, telephone number, and (if avail- (a) He or she applies for a permit to able) e-mail address; move a noxious weed in accordance (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; with § 360.301; (3) Plant parts to be moved; (b) The permit application is ap- proved; and (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be (c) The movement is consistent with moved per shipment; the specific conditions contained in the (5) Proposed number of shipments per permit. year, (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; (Approved by the Office of Management and (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; Budget under control number 0579–0054) (8) Whether the noxious weed is es- [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] tablished in the State of destination; § 360.301 Information required for ap- (9) Proposed method of shipment, plications for permits to move nox- (10) Approximate date of movement; ious weeds. (11) Intended use of the noxious (a) Permit to import a noxious weed into weeds; the United States. A responsible person (12) Measures to be employed to pre- must apply for a permit to import a vent danger of noxious weed dissemina- noxious weed into the United States.2 tion; and The application must include the fol- (13) Proposed method of final disposi- lowing information: tion of the noxious weeds. (1) The responsible person’s name, ad- (c) Permits to move noxious weeds dress, telephone number, and (if avail- through the United States. Permits to able) e-mail address; move noxious weeds through the (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; United States must be obtained in ac- (3) Plant parts to be moved; cordance with part 352 of this chapter. (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be moved per shipment; [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] (5) Proposed number of shipments per year; § 360.302 Consideration of applications (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; for permits to move noxious weeds. (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; Upon the receipt of an application (8) Whether the noxious weed is es- made in accordance with § 360.301 for a tablished in the State of destination; permit for movement of a noxious weed (9) Proposed method of shipment; into the United States or interstate, (10) Proposed port of first arrival in the Administrator will consider the ap- the United States; plication on its merits. (11) Approximate date of arrival;

2 Information on applying for a permit to import a noxious weed into the United 3 Information on applying for a permit to States is available at http:// move a noxious weed interstate is available www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/permits/ at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/per- plantproducts.shtml. mits/plantproducts.shtml.

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(a) Consultation. The Administrator (1) No safeguards adequate or appro- may consult with other Federal agen- priate to prevent dissemination of the cies or entities, States or political sub- noxious weed can be implemented; or divisions of States, national govern- (2) The destructive potential of the ments, local governments in other na- noxious weed, should it escape despite tions, domestic or international orga- proposed safeguards, outweighs the nizations, domestic or international as- probable benefits to be derived from sociations, and other persons for views the proposed movement and use of the on the danger of noxious weed dissemi- noxious weed; or nation into the United States, or inter- (3) The responsible person, or the re- state, in connection with the proposed sponsible person’s agent, as a previous movement. permittee, failed to maintain the safe- (b) Inspection of premises. The Admin- guards or otherwise observe the condi- istrator may inspect the site where tions prescribed in a previous permit noxious weeds are proposed to be han- and failed to demonstrate the ability dled in connection with or after their or intent to observe them in the future; movement under permit to determine or whether existing or proposed facilities will be adequate to prevent noxious (4) The movement could impede an weed dissemination if a permit is APHIS eradication, suppression, con- issued. trol, or regulatory program; or (5) A State plant regulatory official [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] objects to the issuance of the permit on the grounds that granting the permit § 360.303 Approval of an application for a permit to move a noxious will pose a risk of dissemination of the weed; conditions specified in per- noxious weed into the State; or mit. (6) The application for the permit The Administrator will approve or contains information that is found to deny an application for a permit to be materially false, fraudulent, or de- move a noxious weed. If the application ceptive; or is approved, the Administrator will (7) APHIS may deny a permit to a issue the permit including any condi- person who has previously failed to tions that the Administrator has deter- comply with any APHIS regulation. mined are necessary to prevent dis- (b) The Administrator may revoke semination of noxious weeds into the any outstanding permit when: United States or interstate. Such con- (1) After the issuance of the permit, ditions may include requirements for information is received that con- inspection of the premises where the stitutes cause for the denial of an ap- noxious weed is to be handled after its plication for permit under paragraph movement under the permit, to deter- (a) of this section; or mine whether the facilities there are (2) The responsible person has not adequate to prevent noxious weed dis- maintained the safeguards or otherwise semination and whether the conditions observed the conditions specified in the of the permit are otherwise being ob- permit. served. Before the permit is issued, the (c) If a permit is orally revoked, Administrator will require the respon- APHIS will provide the reasons for the sible person to agree in writing to the withdrawal of the permit in writing conditions under which the noxious within 10 days. Any person whose per- weed will be safeguarded. mit has been revoked or any person [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] who has been denied a permit may ap- peal the decision in writing to the Ad- § 360.304 Denial of an application for a ministrator within 10 days after receiv- permit to move a noxious weed; rev- ing the written notification of the rev- ocation of a permit to move a nox- ocation or denial. The appeal must ious weed. state all of the facts and reasons upon (a) The Administrator may deny an which the person relies to show that application for a permit to move a nox- the permit was wrongfully revoked or ious weed when the Administrator de- denied. The Administrator will grant termines that: or deny the appeal, in writing, stating

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the reasons for the decision as prompt- agreement between the treatment fa- ly as circumstances allow. If there is a cility owner and the plant protection conflict as to any material fact, a hear- service of the exporting country, in ing will be held to resolve the conflict. which the treatment facility owner Rules of practice concerning such a agrees to comply with the provisions of hearing will be adopted by the Admin- § 319.37–9(c) of this chapter and allow istrator. inspectors and representatives of the [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 plant protection service of the export- FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] ing country access to the treatment fa- cility as necessary to monitor compli- § 360.305 Disposal of noxious weeds ance with the regulations. Treatments when permits are revoked. must be certified in accordance with When a permit for the movement of a the conditions described in § 319.37–9(c) noxious weed is revoked by the Admin- of this chapter. istrator and not reinstated under (b) [Reserved] § 360.304(c), further movement of the [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 83 noxious weed covered by the permit FR 11867, Mar. 19, 2018] into or through the United States, or interstate, is prohibited unless author- § 360.500 Petitions to add a taxon to ized by another permit. The responsible the noxious weed list. person must arrange for disposal of the A person may petition the Adminis- noxious weed in question in a manner trator to have a taxon added to the that the Administrator determines is noxious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details adequate to prevent noxious weed dis- of the petitioning process for adding a semination. The Administrator may taxon to the lists are available on the seize, quarantine, treat, apply other re- Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ medial measures to, destroy, or other- plantlhealth/plantlpestlinfo/weeds/ wise dispose of, in such manner as the downloads/listingguide.pdf. Persons who Administrator deems appropriate, any submit a petition to add a taxon to the noxious weed that is moved without noxious weed lists must provide their compliance with any conditions in the name, address, telephone number, and permit or after the permit has been re- (if available) e-mail address. Persons voked whenever the Administrator who submit a petition to add a taxon deems it necessary in order to prevent to the noxious weed lists are encour- the dissemination of any noxious weed aged to provide the following informa- into or within the United States. tion, which can help speed up the re- [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 view process and help APHIS deter- FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] mine whether the specified plant taxon should be listed as a noxious weed: § 360.400 Treatments. (a) Identification of the taxon. (1) The (a) Seeds of (niger taxon’s scientific name and author; seed) are commonly contaminated with (2) Common synonyms; noxious weed seeds listed in § 360.200, (3) Botanical classification; including (but not limited to) Cuscuta (4) Common names; spp. Therefore, Guizotia abyssinica seeds (5) Summary of life history; may be imported into the United (6) Native and world distribution; States only if: (7) Distribution in the United States, (1) They are treated in accordance if any (specific States, localities, or with part 305 of this chapter at the Global Positioning System coordi- time of arrival at the port of first ar- nates); rival in the United States; or (8) Description of control efforts, if (2) They are treated prior to ship- established in the United States; and ment to the United States at a facility (9) Whether the taxon is regulated at that is approved by APHIS 4 and that the State or local level. operates in compliance with a written (b) Potential consequences of the taxon’s introduction or spread. (1) The 4 Criteria for the approval of heat treat- taxon’s habitat suitability in the ment facilities are contained in part 305 of United States (predicted ecological this chapter. range);

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(2) Dispersal potential (biological inability to cross-pollinate with intro- characteristics associated with duced wild types, or few if any poten- invasiveness); tial negative impacts on the economy (3) Potential economic impacts (e.g., or environment of the United States. potential to reduce crop yields, lower (d) List of references. commodity values, or cause loss of [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] markets for U.S. goods); and (4) Potential environmental impacts § 360.600 Preemption of State and (e.g., impacts on ecosystem processes, local laws. natural community composition or (a) Under section 436 of the Plant structure, human health, recreation Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7756), a State patterns, property values, or use of or political subdivision of a State may chemicals to control the taxon). not regulate in foreign commerce any (c) Likelihood of the taxon’s introduc- noxious weed in order to control it, (1) Potential pathways tion or spread. eradicate it, or prevent its dissemina- for the taxon’s movement into and tion. A State or political subdivision of within the United States; and a State also may not impose prohibi- (2) The likelihood of survival and tions or restrictions upon the move- spread of the taxon within each path- ment in interstate commerce of nox- way. ious weeds if the Secretary has issued a (d) List of references. regulation or order to prevent the dis- [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] semination of the noxious weed within the United States. The only exceptions § 360.501 Petitions to remove a taxon to this are: from the noxious weed lists. (1) If the prohibitions or restrictions A person may petition the Adminis- issued by the State or political subdivi- trator to remove a taxon from the nox- sion of a State are consistent with and ious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details of do not exceed the regulations or orders the petitioning process for removing a issued by the Secretary; or taxon from the lists are available at (2) If the State or political subdivi- http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plantlhealth/ sion of a State demonstrates to the plantlpestlinfo/weeds/downloads/ Secretary and the Secretary finds that delistingguide.pdf. Persons who submit there is a special need for additional a petition to remove a taxon from the prohibitions or restrictions based on noxious weed lists would be required to sound scientific data or a thorough provide their name, address, telephone risk assessment. number, and (if available) e-mail ad- (b) Therefore, in accordance with sec- dress. Persons who submit a petition to tion 436 of the Plant Protection Act, remove a taxon from the noxious weed the regulations in this part preempt all lists are encouraged to provide the fol- State and local laws and regulations lowing information, which can help that are inconsistent with or exceed speed up the review process and help the regulations in this part unless a APHIS determine whether the specified special need request has been granted plant taxon should not be listed as a in accordance with the regulations in noxious weed: §§ 301.1 through 301.13 of this chapter. (a) Evidence that the species is dis- [74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009. Redesignated at 75 tributed throughout its potential range FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] or has spread too far to implement ef- fective control. (b) Evidence that control efforts have PART 361—IMPORTATION OF SEED been unsuccessful and further efforts AND SCREENINGS UNDER THE are unlikely to succeed. FEDERAL SEED ACT (c) For cultivars of a listed noxious weed, scientific evidence that the Sec. cultivar has a combination of risk ele- 361.1 Definitions. 361.2 Preemption of State and local laws; ments that result in a low pest risk. general restrictions on the importation For example, the cultivar may have a of seed and screenings. narrow habitat suitability, low dis- 361.3 Declarations and labeling. persal potential, evidence of sterility, 361.4 Inspection at the port of first arrival.

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