DOCSLIB.ORG

Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research • Milan S. • Milan Stankovic Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Edited by Milan S. Stankovic Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic University of Kragujevac Serbia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/medicinal plants). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-118-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-119-0 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Trinidad Ruiz Tellez.´ c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research” .................... ix Carmen X. Luzuriaga-Quichimbo, M´ıriam Hern´andez del Barco, Jos´e Blanco-Salas, Carlos E. Ceron-Mart´ınez´ and Trinidad Ruiz-T´ellez Chiricaspi (Brunfelsia grandiflora, Solanaceae), a Pharmacologically Promising Plant Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 67, doi:10.3390/plants7030067 .................... 1 Maryam Malmir, Rita Serrano, Manuela Cani¸ca,Beatriz Silva-Lima and Olga Silva A Comprehensive Review on the Medicinal Plants from the Genus Asphodelus Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 20, doi:10.3390/plants7010020 .................... 12 Kurt Appel, Eduardo Munoz, Carmen Navarrete, Cristina Cruz-Teno, Andreas Biller and Eva Thiemann Immunomodulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Immulina R , and Immunloges R in the Ig-E Mediated Activation of RBL-2H3 Cells. A New Role in Allergic Inflammatory Responses Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 13, doi:10.3390/plants7010013 .................... 29 Karl Egil Malterud Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry and Biological Properties of Four Malian Medicinal Plants Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 11, doi:10.3390/plants6010011 .................... 43 Ammar Altemimi, Naoufal Lakhssassi, Azam Baharlouei, Dennis G. Watson and David A. Lightfoot Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 42, doi:10.3390/plants6040042 .................... 56 Harish Chandra, Parul Bishnoi, Archana Yadav, Babita Patni, Abhay Prakash Mishra and Anant Ram Nautiyal Antimicrobial Resistance and the Alternative Resources with Special Emphasis on Plant-Based Antimicrobials—A Review Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 16, doi:10.3390/plants6020016 .................... 79 K. D. P. P. Gunathilake, K. K. D. S. Ranaweera and H. P. V. Rupasinghe Influence of Boiling, Steaming and Frying of Selected Leafy Vegetables on the In Vitro Anti-inflammation Associated Biological Activities Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 22, doi:10.3390/plants7010022 .................... 90 Motahareh Nobakht, Stephen J. Trueman, Helen M. Wallace, Peter R. Brooks, Klrissa J. Streeter and Mohammad Katouli Antibacterial Properties of Flavonoids from Kino of the Eucalypt Tree, Corymbia torelliana Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 39, doi:10.3390/plants6030039 ....................100 Chunpeng Wan, Chuying Chen, Mingxi Li, Youxin Yang, Ming Chen and Jinyin Chen Chemical Constituents and Antifungal Activity of Ficus hirta Vahl. Fruits Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 44, doi:10.3390/plants6040044 ....................115 v Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Nidal Jaradat, Ismail Fichtali, Wessal Ouedrhiri, Shehdeh Jodeh, Samar Ayesh, Yahia Cherrah and My El Abbes Faouzi Separation, Identification, and Antidiabetic Activity of Catechin Isolated from Arbutus unedo L. Plant Roots Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 31, doi:10.3390/plants7020031 ....................124 Tamalika Chakraborty, Somidh Saha and Narendra S. Bisht First Report on the Ethnopharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants by Monpa Tribe from the Zemithang Region of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 13, doi:10.3390/plants6010013 ....................133 Racquel J. Wright, Ken S. Lee, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Jacqueline M. Hibbert, Marvin E. Reid, Andrew O. Wheatley and Helen N. Asemota An Investigation of the Antioxidant Capacity in Extracts from Moringa oleifera Plants Grown in Jamaica Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 48, doi:10.3390/plants6040048 ....................145 Mirtha Navarro, Ileana Moreira, Elizabeth Arnaez, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Diego Alvarado and Maria J. Monagas Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 50, doi:10.3390/plants6040050 ....................153 Sarla Saklani, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Harish Chandra, Maria Stefanova Atanassova, Milan Stankovic, Bhawana Sati, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Manisha Nigam, Mohammad Usman Khan, Sergey Plygun, Hicham Elmsellem and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria Comparative Evaluation of Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activities between Ethanol Extracts of Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia L. Leaves by Different Methods Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 45, doi:10.3390/plants6040045 ....................166 Nenad M. Zlati´cand Milan S. Stankovi´c Variability of Secondary Metabolites of the Species Cichorium intybus L. from Different Habitats Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 38, doi:10.3390/plants6030038 ....................177 Gerasimia Tsasi, Theofilos Mailis, Artemis Daskalaki, Eleni Sakadani, Panagis Razis, Yiannis Samaras and Helen Skaltsa The Effect of Harvesting on the Composition of Essential Oils from Five Varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. Cultivated in the Island of Kefalonia, Greece Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 41, doi:10.3390/plants6030041 ....................186 Chunpeng Wan, Shanshan Li, Lin Liu, Chuying Chen and Shuying Fan Caffeoylquinic Acids from the Aerial Parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 10, doi:10.3390/plants6010010 ....................202 Eva Masiero, Dipanwita Banik, John Abson, Paul Greene, Adrian Slater and Tiziana Sgamma Genus-Specific Real-Time PCR and HRM Assays to Distinguish Liriope from Ophiopogon Samples Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 53, doi:10.3390/plants6040053 ....................209 vi About the Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic is an Associate Professor of Plant Science at Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. He completed his Ph.D. on Botany at the same University and postdoctoral research at the Universite´ Franc¸ois-Rabelais de Tours, France. He is the Head of Department of Biology and Ecology. Dr. Stankovic has published over 200 references, including articles in peer-reviewed journals, edited books, book chapters, conference papers, meeting abstracts, etc. He is an editor, editorial board member, and reviewer in several scientific journals. He currently works as an Associate Editor of the Plants journal. vii Preface to ”Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research” For a very long time, a large number of plants have been used in medicinal therapy, as well as for food and beverage preparation. It is estimated that over 50,000 plant species are used in pharmaceutical products, as well as that over 50% of available drugs are derived from medicinal plants. Due to their natural origins, the treatment products obtained from medicinal plants are of greater benefit in comparison to synthetic ones. The main carriers of the biological activity of medicinal plants are plant secondary metabolites, as products of a specifically conceived secondary metabolism, which is a continuation of the essential primary metabolism. Plant secondary metabolites are referred to as active substances, which have beneficial physiological effects on living organisms. On the basis of their main roles in plant life, quantitative and qualitative composition of secondary metabolites is in accordance with a variety of environmental influences. Certain active compounds are synthesized in different plant organs in different concentrations. In addition to their role in the process of environmental interaction, secondary metabolites from plants express their biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Medicinal plants show promising effects for various health disorders, such as gastrointestinal diseases, throat irritations diseases, colds, coughs, etc. Further, they possess positive protecting activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, antiviral, anticancer, immunostimulating, sedative, and spasmolytic. There are about half a million plants around the world. Among them, medicinal herbs have a hopeful
Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 2 REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa And

    CHAPTER 2 REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa And

    CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.11 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Euphorbiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Subfamily : Acalyphoideae Genus : Acalypha Species : Acalypha indica Linn. (Saha and Ahmed, 2011) Plant Synonyms: Acalypha ciliata Wall., A. canescens Wall., A. spicata Forsk. (35) Common names: Brennkraut (German), alcalifa (Brazil) and Ricinela (Spanish) (36). 9 2.12 Taxa and Classification of Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Bridelia Species : Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Plant Synonyms: Bridelia airy-shawii Li. Common names: Ekdania (37,38). 2.13 Taxa and Classification of Cleidion javanicum BL. Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Superdivision : Spermatophyta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Subclass : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Cleidion Species : Cleidion javanicum BL. Plant Synonyms: Acalypha spiciflora Burm. f. , Lasiostylis salicifolia Presl. Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm.f.) Merr. Common names: Malayalam and Yellari (39). 10 2.2 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.2.1 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn. Acalypha indica
  • Asphodelus Fistulosus (Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae), a New Naturalised Alien Species from the West Coast of South Africa ⁎ J.S

    Asphodelus Fistulosus (Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae), a New Naturalised Alien Species from the West Coast of South Africa ⁎ J.S

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 79 (2012) 48–50 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Research note Asphodelus fistulosus (Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae), a new naturalised alien species from the West Coast of South Africa ⁎ J.S. Boatwright Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa Received 4 November 2011; received in revised form 18 November 2011; accepted 21 November 2011 Abstract Asphodelus fistulosus or onionweed is recorded in South Africa for the first time and is the first record of an invasive member of the Asphodelaceae in the country. Only two populations of this plant have been observed, both along disturbed roadsides on the West Coast of South Africa. The extent and invasive potential of this infestation in the country is still limited but the species is known to be an aggressive invader in other parts of the world. © 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Asphodelaceae; Asphodelus; Invasive species 1. Introduction flowers (Patterson, 1996). This paper reports on the presence of this species in South Africa. A population of A. fistulosus was The genus Asphodelus L. comprises 16 species distributed in first observed in the early 1990's by Drs John Manning and Eurasia and the Mediterranean (Días Lifante and Valdés, 1996). Peter Goldblatt during field work for their Wild Flower Guide It is superficially similar to the largely southern African to the West Coast (Manning and Goldblatt, 1996).
  • Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3

    Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3

    QRNo. General description of Type of Tariff line code(s) affected, based on Detailed Product Description WTO Justification (e.g. National legal basis and entry into Administration, modification of previously the restriction restriction HS(2012) Article XX(g) of the GATT, etc.) force (i.e. Law, regulation or notified measures, and other comments (Symbol in and Grounds for Restriction, administrative decision) Annex 2 of e.g., Other International the Decision) Commitments (e.g. Montreal Protocol, CITES, etc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 Prohibition to CP 2903 77 100 0 CFCl3 (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane Article XX(h) GATT Board of Eurasian Economic Import/export of these ozone destroying import/export ozone CP-X Commission substances from/to the customs territory of the destroying substances 2903 77 200 0 CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) Dichlorodifluoromethane Article 46 of the EAEU Treaty DECISION on August 16, 2012 N Eurasian Economic Union is permitted only in (excluding goods in dated 29 may 2014 and paragraphs 134 the following cases: transit) (all EAEU 2903 77 300 0 C2F3Cl3 (CFC-113) 1,1,2- 4 and 37 of the Protocol on non- On legal acts in the field of non- _to be used solely as a raw material for the countries) Trichlorotrifluoroethane tariff regulation measures against tariff regulation (as last amended at 2 production of other chemicals; third countries Annex No. 7 to the June 2016) EAEU of 29 May 2014 Annex 1 to the Decision N 134 dated 16 August 2012 Unit list of goods subject to prohibitions or restrictions on import or export by countries- members of the
  • Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Transcriptomes Reveal Association Of

    Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Transcriptomes Reveal Association Of

    Planta DOI 10.1007/s00425-015-2304-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptomes reveal association of multiple genes and pathways contributing to secondary metabolites accumulation in tuberous roots of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. 1 1 1 1 Tarun Pal • Nikhil Malhotra • Sree Krishna Chanumolu • Rajinder Singh Chauhan Received: 13 February 2015 / Accepted: 10 April 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract transcriptomes, respectively. In silico expression profiling of Main conclusion The transcriptomes of Aconitum the mevalonate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (non- heterophyllum were assembled and characterized for mevalonate) pathway genes for aconites biosynthesis re- the first time to decipher molecular components con- vealed 4 genes HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA tributing to biosynthesis and accumulation of metabo- reductase), MVK (mevalonate kinase), MVDD (mevalonate lites in tuberous roots. diphosphate decarboxylase) and HDS (1-hydroxy-2-methyl- 2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase) with higher expres- Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., popularly known as Atis, is a sion in root transcriptome compared to shoot transcriptome high-value medicinal herb of North-Western Himalayas. No suggesting their key role in biosynthesis of aconite alkaloids. information exists as of today on genetic factors contributing Five genes, GMPase (geranyl diphosphate mannose py- to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites accumulating in rophosphorylase), SHAGGY, RBX1 (RING-box protein 1), tuberous roots, thereby, limiting genetic interventions to- SRF receptor kinases and b-amylase, implicated in tuberous wards genetic improvement of A. heterophyllum.Illumina root formation in other plant species showed higher levels of paired-end sequencing followed by de novo assembly yielded expression in tuberous roots compared to shoots.
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018

    State of New York City's Plants 2018

    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
  • 9. Herbs and Its Amazing Healing Properties

    9. Herbs and Its Amazing Healing Properties

    EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) HERBS AND ITS AMAZING HEALING PROPERTIES Article 04/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 1 of 50 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) LIST OF MEDICINAL HERBS Plant name : Achyranthes aspera L. Family : Amaranthaceae Local name : Uttareni Habit : Herb Fl & Fr time : October – March Part(s) used : Leaves Medicinal uses : Leaf paste is applied externally for eye pain and dog bite. Internally taken leaves decoction with water/milk to cure stomach problems, diuretic, piles and skin diseases. Plant name : Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Family : Malvaceae Local name : Benda Habit : Herb Fl & Fr time : Part(s) used : Roots Medicinal uses : The juice of the roots is used externally to treat cuts, wounds and boils. Plant name : Abutilon crispum (L.) Don Family : Malvaceae Local name : Nelabenda Habit : Herb Fl & Fr time : March – September Part(s) used : Root Medicinal uses : Root is used for the treatment of nervous disorders. Article 04/2015/ENVIS-Ecology of Eastern Ghats Page 2 of 50 EPTRI‐ENVIS Centre (Ecology of Eastern Ghats) Plant name : Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Family : Malvaceae Local name : Thuttutubenda Habit : Herb Fl & Fr time : March – September Part(s) used : Leaves & Roots Medicinal uses : Leaf juice is used for the treatment of toothache. Roots and leaves decoction is given for diuretic and stimulate purgative. Plant name : Abrus precatorius L. Family : Fabaceae Local name : Guruvenda Habit : Herb Fl & Fr time : July – December Part(s) used : Root & Seeds Medicinal uses : Roots used to treat poisonous bite and seed is used to treat leucoderma Plant name : Acalypha indica L.
  • Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC AGRICULTURE Guest Editorial Aconitum Heterophyllum: a Natural Gift

    Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC AGRICULTURE Guest Editorial Aconitum Heterophyllum: a Natural Gift

    Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC AGRICULTURE Guest Editorial Aconitum heterophyllum: A Natural Gift Teena Agrawal* Assistant professor, Banasthali Vidhypeeth, Niwai, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding Author: Teena Agrawal, Assistant professor, Banasthali Vidhypeeth, Niwai, Rajasthan, India. Received: August 17, 2018; Published: October 29, 2018 Abstract The members of the ranunculaceae are the natural gift, they are used for the variety of the purposes, the genus of the family are used for the basically ornamental pursues and they are used as the medicines. Here in this review article we are presenting some of the aspect s of the genus Aconitum and basically the species termed as the Aconitum heterophyllum, the genus is known as the atiwish, atvika, ativvasa, the meaning of the terms is the counteracting position. The genus is used basically for the tuber roots, the roots are used for the ayurvedic drug termed as the ativisa, due to the contains utilization of the plants the roots are overexploited and the habitat are reduced, so the tubers and the species been declared ass the endangered, the species of the plant is distributed in the Himalayas’ and the Uttarakhand of the India, the cold climate is very suitable for the cultivation, so for the medicines purposes the species needs to be protected and it should be propagated in all over the India as well lain the other parts of the world. Keywords: Aconitum heterophyllum; Atiwish; Atvika; Ativiasa; The Endangered Himalayas’ and the Uttarakhand of the India Introduction The nature is the gift of the several kinds of the plants on the earth, the tribal peoples uses the plants for there several kinds of the needs, the folk medicines is still the basis of the many kinds of the drugs of the today uses [1-8].
  • Asphodelus Microcarpus Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

    Asphodelus Microcarpus Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2016; 8(12); 1964-1968 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Antibacterial Activity of Asphodelin lutea and Asphodelus microcarpus Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Rawaa Al-Kayali1*, Adawia Kitaz2, Mohammad Haroun3 1Biochemistry and Microbiology Dep., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Syria 2Pharmacognosy Dep., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Syria 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Syria Available Online: 15th December, 2016 ABSTRACT Objective: the present study aimed at evaluation of antibacterial activity of wild local Asphodelus microcarpus and Asphodeline lutea against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was evaluated against MRSA clinical isolates using agar wells diffusion. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC)of methanolic extract of two studied plants was also performed using tetrazolium microplate assay. Results: Our results showed that different extracts (20 mg/ml) of aerial parts and bulbs of the studied plants were exhibited good growth inhibitory effect against methicilline resistant S. aureus isolates and reference strain. The inhibition zone diameters of A. microcarpus and A. lutea ranged from 9.3 to 18.6 mm and from 6.6 to 15.3mm respectively. All extracts have better antibacterial effect than tested antibiotics against MRSA isolate. The MIC of the methanolic extracts of A. lutea and A. microcarpus for MRSA fell in the range of 0.625 to 2.5 mg/ml and of 1.25-5 mg/ml, respectively. conclusion:The extracts of A. lutea and A. microcarpus could be a possible source to obtain new antibacterial to treat infections caused by MRSA isolates.
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mangrove Species of Acanthaceae Found in Indian Sundarban, As Revealed by RAPD Analysis

    Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mangrove Species of Acanthaceae Found in Indian Sundarban, As Revealed by RAPD Analysis

    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2015, 6(3):179-184 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Phylogenetic relationships among the mangrove species of Acanthaceae found in Indian Sundarban, as revealed by RAPD analysis Surya Shekhar Das 1, Swati Das (Sur) 2 and Parthadeb Ghosh* 1Department of Botany, Bolpur College, Birbhum, West Bengal, India 2Department of Botany, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College, Nadia, West Bengal, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT RAPD markers were successfully used to identify and differentiate all the five species of Acanthaceae found in the mangrove forest of Indian Sundarban, to assess the extent of interspecific genetic diversity among them, to reveal their molecular phylogeny and to throw some light on the systematic position of Avicennia. The dendrogram reveals that the five species under study exhibits an overall similarity of 60.7%. Avicennia alba and A. officinalis (cluster C1) have very close relationship between them and share a common node in the dendrogram at a 73.3% level of similarity. Avicennia marina and Acanthus ilicifolius (cluster C2) also have close relationship between them as evident by a common node in the dendrogram at 71.8% level of similarity. Acanthus volubilis showed 68.1% similarity with cluster C1 and 60.7% similarity with cluster C2. Our study also supported the view of placing Avicennia under Acanthaceae. Regarding the relative position of Avicennia within Acanthaceae, it was shown to be very close to Acanthoideae. In comparison to other species, A. marina showed most genetic variability, suggesting utilization of this species over others for breeding programme and as source material in in situ conservation programmes.
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
  • Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Acalypha Indica Linn in Experimental Animal Models

    Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Acalypha Indica Linn in Experimental Animal Models

    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2014-15; 6(4); 973-979 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Acalypha indica Linn in Experimental Animal Models Shivakumar S. Godipurge1, *Jaiprakash S. Biradar1, Nitin Mahurkar2 1*Central Research Laboratory, Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga -585 106, Karnataka State, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmacology, HKES Matoshree Taradevi Rampure Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gulbarga – 585 105. Karnataka State, INDIA. Available Online: 29th November, 2014 ABSTRACT In the present study the plant was subjected to phytochemical evaluation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by hiring carrageenan induced paw edema, human red blood cells membrane stabilization method (HRBC) as well as animal model of acute inflammation was adopted to probe the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism and eddy’s hot plate and tail flick methods. Polyphenolic extract of Acalypha indica Linn (PPEA) produced significant anti-inflammatory (P < 0.001) and analgesic (P < 0.001) effects in dose dependent manner. The highest levels of phenolics and flavonoids (9.27 mg TA/g and 8.75 mg Ru/g, respectively).The total phenolic and flavonoid content indicates that these compounds are likely to be the main nociceptive and inflammatory contributing to the observed activities. PPEA exhibited significant anti- inflammatory mechanism of chemical constituents may be due, at least in part to the inhibition of PGE2 levels. These finding suggest that of the medicinal herb studied in this paper are good source of inflammations. The results afford evidence to support the traditional linctus abuse of PPEA for the action of inflammation.
  • Acanthus Ebracteatus Leaf Extract Provides Neuronal Cell Protection Against Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Glutamate Anchalee Prasansuklab1 and Tewin Tencomnao2*

    Acanthus Ebracteatus Leaf Extract Provides Neuronal Cell Protection Against Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Glutamate Anchalee Prasansuklab1 and Tewin Tencomnao2*

    Prasansuklab and Tencomnao BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2018) 18:278 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2340-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Acanthus ebracteatus leaf extract provides neuronal cell protection against oxidative stress injury induced by glutamate Anchalee Prasansuklab1 and Tewin Tencomnao2* Abstract Background: Acanthus ebracteatus (AE), an herb native to Asia, has been recognized in traditional folk medicine not only for its antioxidant properties and various pharmacological activities but also as an ingredient of longevity formulas. However, its anti-neurodegenerative potential is not yet clearly known. This work aimed to evaluate the protective effect of AE leaf extract against glutamate-induced oxidative damage in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, a neurodegenerative model system due to a reduction in glutathione levels and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS assays were performed to assess the protective effect of AE leaf extract against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells. The antioxidant capacity of AE was evaluated using in vitro radical scavenging assays. The subcellular localization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the mRNA and protein levels of genes associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant system were determined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of AE leaf extract. Results: We demonstrated that AE leaf extract is capable of attenuating the intracellular ROS generation and HT22 cell death induced by glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-treatment of glutamate with the extract significantly reduced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of AIF nuclear translocation. The increases in Nrf2 levels in the nucleus and gene expression levels of antioxidant-related downstream genes under Nrf2 control were found to be significant in cells treated with the extract.