Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research • Milan S. • Milan Stankovic Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Edited by Milan S. Stankovic Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Plants www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic University of Kragujevac Serbia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants/special issues/medicinal plants). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-118-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-119-0 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Trinidad Ruiz Tellez.´ c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research” .................... ix Carmen X. Luzuriaga-Quichimbo, M´ıriam Hern´andez del Barco, Jos´e Blanco-Salas, Carlos E. Ceron-Mart´ınez´ and Trinidad Ruiz-T´ellez Chiricaspi (Brunfelsia grandiflora, Solanaceae), a Pharmacologically Promising Plant Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 67, doi:10.3390/plants7030067 .................... 1 Maryam Malmir, Rita Serrano, Manuela Cani¸ca,Beatriz Silva-Lima and Olga Silva A Comprehensive Review on the Medicinal Plants from the Genus Asphodelus Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 20, doi:10.3390/plants7010020 .................... 12 Kurt Appel, Eduardo Munoz, Carmen Navarrete, Cristina Cruz-Teno, Andreas Biller and Eva Thiemann Immunomodulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Immulina R , and Immunloges R in the Ig-E Mediated Activation of RBL-2H3 Cells. A New Role in Allergic Inflammatory Responses Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 13, doi:10.3390/plants7010013 .................... 29 Karl Egil Malterud Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry and Biological Properties of Four Malian Medicinal Plants Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 11, doi:10.3390/plants6010011 .................... 43 Ammar Altemimi, Naoufal Lakhssassi, Azam Baharlouei, Dennis G. Watson and David A. Lightfoot Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 42, doi:10.3390/plants6040042 .................... 56 Harish Chandra, Parul Bishnoi, Archana Yadav, Babita Patni, Abhay Prakash Mishra and Anant Ram Nautiyal Antimicrobial Resistance and the Alternative Resources with Special Emphasis on Plant-Based Antimicrobials—A Review Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 16, doi:10.3390/plants6020016 .................... 79 K. D. P. P. Gunathilake, K. K. D. S. Ranaweera and H. P. V. Rupasinghe Influence of Boiling, Steaming and Frying of Selected Leafy Vegetables on the In Vitro Anti-inflammation Associated Biological Activities Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 22, doi:10.3390/plants7010022 .................... 90 Motahareh Nobakht, Stephen J. Trueman, Helen M. Wallace, Peter R. Brooks, Klrissa J. Streeter and Mohammad Katouli Antibacterial Properties of Flavonoids from Kino of the Eucalypt Tree, Corymbia torelliana Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 39, doi:10.3390/plants6030039 ....................100 Chunpeng Wan, Chuying Chen, Mingxi Li, Youxin Yang, Ming Chen and Jinyin Chen Chemical Constituents and Antifungal Activity of Ficus hirta Vahl. Fruits Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 44, doi:10.3390/plants6040044 ....................115 v Hanae Naceiri Mrabti, Nidal Jaradat, Ismail Fichtali, Wessal Ouedrhiri, Shehdeh Jodeh, Samar Ayesh, Yahia Cherrah and My El Abbes Faouzi Separation, Identification, and Antidiabetic Activity of Catechin Isolated from Arbutus unedo L. Plant Roots Reprinted from: Plants 2018, 7, 31, doi:10.3390/plants7020031 ....................124 Tamalika Chakraborty, Somidh Saha and Narendra S. Bisht First Report on the Ethnopharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants by Monpa Tribe from the Zemithang Region of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 13, doi:10.3390/plants6010013 ....................133 Racquel J. Wright, Ken S. Lee, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Jacqueline M. Hibbert, Marvin E. Reid, Andrew O. Wheatley and Helen N. Asemota An Investigation of the Antioxidant Capacity in Extracts from Moringa oleifera Plants Grown in Jamaica Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 48, doi:10.3390/plants6040048 ....................145 Mirtha Navarro, Ileana Moreira, Elizabeth Arnaez, Silvia Quesada, Gabriela Azofeifa, Diego Alvarado and Maria J. Monagas Proanthocyanidin Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Three Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Costa Rica: Petiveria alliaceae L., Phyllanthus niruri L. and Senna reticulata Willd. Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 50, doi:10.3390/plants6040050 ....................153 Sarla Saklani, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Harish Chandra, Maria Stefanova Atanassova, Milan Stankovic, Bhawana Sati, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Manisha Nigam, Mohammad Usman Khan, Sergey Plygun, Hicham Elmsellem and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria Comparative Evaluation of Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activities between Ethanol Extracts of Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia L. Leaves by Different Methods Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 45, doi:10.3390/plants6040045 ....................166 Nenad M. Zlati´cand Milan S. Stankovi´c Variability of Secondary Metabolites of the Species Cichorium intybus L. from Different Habitats Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 38, doi:10.3390/plants6030038 ....................177 Gerasimia Tsasi, Theofilos Mailis, Artemis Daskalaki, Eleni Sakadani, Panagis Razis, Yiannis Samaras and Helen Skaltsa The Effect of Harvesting on the Composition of Essential Oils from Five Varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. Cultivated in the Island of Kefalonia, Greece Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 41, doi:10.3390/plants6030041 ....................186 Chunpeng Wan, Shanshan Li, Lin Liu, Chuying Chen and Shuying Fan Caffeoylquinic Acids from the Aerial Parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 10, doi:10.3390/plants6010010 ....................202 Eva Masiero, Dipanwita Banik, John Abson, Paul Greene, Adrian Slater and Tiziana Sgamma Genus-Specific Real-Time PCR and HRM Assays to Distinguish Liriope from Ophiopogon Samples Reprinted from: Plants 2017, 6, 53, doi:10.3390/plants6040053 ....................209 vi About the Special Issue Editor Milan S. Stankovic is an Associate Professor of Plant Science at Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. He completed his Ph.D. on Botany at the same University and postdoctoral research at the Universite´ Franc¸ois-Rabelais de Tours, France. He is the Head of Department of Biology and Ecology. Dr. Stankovic has published over 200 references, including articles in peer-reviewed journals, edited books, book chapters, conference papers, meeting abstracts, etc. He is an editor, editorial board member, and reviewer in several scientific journals. He currently works as an Associate Editor of the Plants journal. vii Preface to ”Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research” For a very long time, a large number of plants have been used in medicinal therapy, as well as for food and beverage preparation. It is estimated that over 50,000 plant species are used in pharmaceutical products, as well as that over 50% of available drugs are derived from medicinal plants. Due to their natural origins, the treatment products obtained from medicinal plants are of greater benefit in comparison to synthetic ones. The main carriers of the biological activity of medicinal plants are plant secondary metabolites, as products of a specifically conceived secondary metabolism, which is a continuation of the essential primary metabolism. Plant secondary metabolites are referred to as active substances, which have beneficial physiological effects on living organisms. On the basis of their main roles in plant life, quantitative and qualitative composition of secondary metabolites is in accordance with a variety of environmental influences. Certain active compounds are synthesized in different plant organs in different concentrations. In addition to their role in the process of environmental interaction, secondary metabolites from plants express their biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Medicinal plants show promising effects for various health disorders, such as gastrointestinal diseases, throat irritations diseases, colds, coughs, etc. Further, they possess positive protecting activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, antiviral, anticancer, immunostimulating, sedative, and spasmolytic. There are about half a million plants around the world. Among them, medicinal herbs have a hopeful