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The Case of Eta
Cátedra de Economía del Terrorismo UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales DISMANTLING TERRORIST ’S ECONOMICS : THE CASE OF ETA MIKEL BUESA* and THOMAS BAUMERT** *Professor at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. **Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia Documento de Trabajo, nº 11 – Enero, 2012 ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the sources of terrorist financing for the case of the Basque terrorist organization ETA. It takes into account the network of entities that, under the leadership and oversight of ETA, have developed the political, economic, cultural, support and propaganda agenda of their terrorist project. The study focuses in particular on the periods 1993-2002 and 2003-2010, in order to observe the changes in the financing of terrorism after the outlawing of Batasuna , ETA's political wing. The results show the significant role of public subsidies in finance the terrorist network. It also proves that the outlawing of Batasuna caused a major change in that funding, especially due to the difficulty that since 2002, the ETA related organizations had to confront to obtain subsidies from the Basque Government and other public authorities. Keywords: Financing of terrorism. ETA. Basque Country. Spain. DESARMANDO LA ECONOMÍA DEL TERRORISMO: EL CASO DE ETA RESUMEN Este artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de las fuentes de financiación del terrorismo a partir del caso de la organización terrorista vasca ETA. Para ello se tiene en cuenta la red de entidades que, bajo el liderazgo y la supervisión de ETA, desarrollan las actividades políticas, económicas, culturales, de propaganda y asistenciales en las que se materializa el proyecto terrorista. -
Badihardugu Katalogoa07:Badihardugu Katalogoa
Deba Ibarreko euskarazko argitalpenak Deba Ibarreko Katalogoa Deba Ibarreko katalogoa 2 Argitaratzailea: BADIHARDUGU Deba Ibarreko Euskara Elkartea Urkizu 11, behea. 20600 Eibar Tel: 943 12 17 75 E-posta: [email protected] www.badihardugu.com Diseinua, maketazioa eta inprimaketa: Gertu, Oñati. Lege Gordailua: SS-1552-2007 Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea Deba Ibarreko katalogoa Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea Deba Ibarretik euskararen herrira Zuazo, Koldo eta Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. 2002. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-607-4479-5. Prezioa: 12 € 3 Berbeta Berua Telleria, Alberto. 2003. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-607-6843-0. Prezioa: 10 € Ahozko jarduna hobetzeko proposamenak Plazaola, Estepan; Agirregabiria, Karmele; Bikuña, Karmen. 2005. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-609-5289-4. Prezioa: 10 € Deba ibarreko euskara. Dialektologia eta Tokiko batua Zuazo, Koldo. 2006. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-611-3813-9. Prezioa: 12 € Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea Deba Ibarreko katalogoa Oñatiko aditz-taulak Oñatiko Bedita Larrakoetxea udal euskaltegia. 2005. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-609-8259-9. Prezioa: 3 € Eibarko aditz-taulak Agirrebeña, Aintzane. 2005. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-609-8259-9. Prezioa: 3 € Bergarako aditz-taulak Elexpuru, Juan Martin. 2006. 4 Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-611-3812-0. Prezioa: 3 € Elgoibarko aditz-taulak Makazaga, Jesus Mari. 2006. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. ISBN: 84-611-3756-6. Prezioa: 3 € Elgetako aditz-taulak Arantzabal, Iban. 2007. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. Prezioa: 3 € Aretxabaleta, Eskoriatza eta Leintz Gatzagako aditz-taulak Agirregabiria, Karmele; Iñurrategi, Larraitz eta Fdz. de Arroiabe, Nuria. 2007. Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. Prezioa: 3 € Deba ibarreko hizkeren mapa Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. 2005. L.G.: SS-1588/05. Prezioa: 3 € Euskalkian idazteko irizpideak Badihardugu Euskara Elkartea. -
Pais Vasco 2018
The País Vasco Maribel’s Guide to the Spanish Basque Country © Maribel’s Guides for the Sophisticated Traveler ™ August 2018 [email protected] Maribel’s Guides © Page !1 INDEX Planning Your Trip - Page 3 Navarra-Navarre - Page 77 Must Sees in the País Vasco - Page 6 • Dining in Navarra • Wine Touring in Navarra Lodging in the País Vasco - Page 7 The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve - Page 84 Festivals in the País Vasco - Page 9 • Staying in the Urdaibai Visiting a Txakoli Vineyard - Page 12 • Festivals in the Urdaibai Basque Cider Country - Page 15 Gernika-Lomo - Page 93 San Sebastián-Donostia - Page 17 • Dining in Gernika • Exploring Donostia on your own • Excursions from Gernika • City Tours • The Eastern Coastal Drive • San Sebastián’s Beaches • Inland from Lekeitio • Cooking Schools and Classes • Your Western Coastal Excursion • Donostia’s Markets Bilbao - Page 108 • Sociedad Gastronómica • Sightseeing • Performing Arts • Pintxos Hopping • Doing The “Txikiteo” or “Poteo” • Dining In Bilbao • Dining in San Sebastián • Dining Outside Of Bilbao • Dining on Mondays in Donostia • Shopping Lodging in San Sebastián - Page 51 • Staying in Bilbao • On La Concha Beach • Staying outside Bilbao • Near La Concha Beach Excursions from Bilbao - Page 132 • In the Parte Vieja • A pretty drive inland to Elorrio & Axpe-Atxondo • In the heart of Donostia • Dining in the countryside • Near Zurriola Beach • To the beach • Near Ondarreta Beach • The Switzerland of the País Vasco • Renting an apartment in San Sebastián Vitoria-Gasteiz - Page 135 Coastal -
Legorreta > Itsasondo > Ordizia > Beasain > Lazkao > Ataun
GO04 Legorreta > Itsasondo > Ordizia > Beasain > Lazkao > Ataun Zirkulazioa dela eta, igarotzeko orduak gutxi gorabeherakoak dira. Por razones de tráfico las horas de paso son aproximadas. Astelehenetik ostiralera (lanegunak) De lunes a viernes (laborables) Abuztuan ezik Excepto Agosto LEGO- ITSA- ORDIZIA BEASAIN LAZKAO S. S. KASETA AIA AIA KASETA S. S. LAZKAO BEASAIN ORDIZIA ITSA- LEGO- RRETA SONDO San Juan Gara- Esteban- Renfe MARTIN GREGO- GREGO- MARTIN Renfe Porteria Renfe San Juan SONDO RRETA Otegi- gartza Lasa RIO RIO Otegi- nea nea 6:35 6:40 6:45 6:55 7:05 7:10 6:20 6:25 6:30 6:40 6:45 6:50 6:53 6:55 7:00 7:05 7:10 7:15 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:35 7:40 7:45 7:47 7:50 7:55 7:20 7:23 7:25 7:30 7:35 7:40 7:50 7:55 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:30 7:35 7:45 8:00 8:05 8:10 8:20 8:30 8:35 7:55 8:00 8:05 8:10 8:20 8:25 8:30 8:32 8:35 8:40 8:15 8:18 8:20 8:23 8:25 8:30 8:35 8:40 8:50 8:35 8:40 8:45 8:55 9:00 9:10 9:15 9:20 9:22 8:50 8:53 8:55 8:58 9:00 9:05 9:10 9:15 9:25 9:05 9:10 9:15 9:25 9:30 9:35 9:37 9:40 9:45 9:25 9:28 9:30 9:35 9:40 9:45 9:55 10:00 9:35 9:40 9:45 9:55 10:00 10:05 10:07 9:50 9:53 9:55 9:58 10:00 10:05 10:10 10:15 10:25 10:00 10:05 10:10 10:15 10:25 10:30 10:35 10:37 10:40 10:45 10:15 10:18 10:20 10:25 10:30 10:35 10:45 10:50 10:55 10:35 10:40 10:45 10:55 11:00 11:05 11:07 10:50 10:53 10:55 10:58 11:00 11:05 11:10 11:15 11:25 10:55 11:00 11:05 11:10 11:15 11:25 11:30 11:35 11:37 11:40 11:45 11:25 11:28 11:30 11:35 11:40 11:45 11:55 12:00 11:35 11:40 11:45 11:55 12:00 12:05 12:07 11:50 11:53 11:55 11:58 12:00 12:05 12:10 12:15 12:25 12:00 -
Maquetación 1
ROOTS OF LIBERTY Antonio Merino Santamaría Álvaro Chapa Imaz Foreword by Mariano Rajoy © Fundación Popular de Estudios Vascos, 2011 Cover design: luzpublicidad.com Layout: Mono-Logo comunicación English translation: Elena Muñoz Aldecoa All rights reserved DL: BI-324/2011 ISBN 13: 978-84-615-0648-4 Collaborate: So that our children understand why her parents fought INDEX ¬ Presentation 7 ¬ Foreword 9 ¬ Introduction 13 ¬ Luis Candendo Pérez 17 ¬ José Antonio Vivó Undabarrena 23 ¬ Modesto Carriegas Pérez 29 ¬ Luís María Uriarte Alzaa 39 ¬ Ramón Baglietto Martínez 47 ¬ José Ignacio Ustaran Ramírez 57 ¬ Jaime Arrese Arizmendiarrieta 63 ¬ Juan de Dios Doval de Mateo 71 ¬ Vicente Zorita Alonso 83 ¬ Alberto López Jaureguizar 91 ¬ José Larrañaga Arenas 99 ¬ Gregorio Ordóñez Fenollar 115 ¬ Miguel Ángel Blanco Garrido 127 ¬ José Luís Caso Cortines 139 ¬ Juan Ignacio Iruretagoyena Larrañaga 151 ¬ Manuel Zamarreño Villoria 159 ¬ Alberto Jiménez Becerril and Ascensión García Ortiz 169 ¬ Jesús María Pedrosa Urquiza 177 ¬ Manuel Indiano Azaustre 189 ¬ José María Martín Carpena 199 ¬ José Luis Ruiz Casado 209 ¬ Francisco Cano Consuegra 217 ¬ Manuel Giménez Abad 223 ¬ List of victims of ETA 233 7 PrESENtatION he first objective with which the Fundación Popular de Estudios Vascos was born -Popular Foundation for Basque TEStudies- is completed today with the presentation of this book. Roots of Liberty is a deeply felt tribute to the victims ETA´s terrorism, murdered for the sole fact of being representative of a Right-Centre ideology in politics tied to the -
Basques in the Americas from 1492 To1892: a Chronology
Basques in the Americas From 1492 to1892: A Chronology “Spanish Conquistador” by Frederic Remington Stephen T. Bass Most Recent Addendum: May 2010 FOREWORD The Basques have been a successful minority for centuries, keeping their unique culture, physiology and language alive and distinct longer than any other Western European population. In addition, outside of the Basque homeland, their efforts in the development of the New World were instrumental in helping make the U.S., Mexico, Central and South America what they are today. Most history books, however, have generally referred to these early Basque adventurers either as Spanish or French. Rarely was the term “Basque” used to identify these pioneers. Recently, interested scholars have been much more definitive in their descriptions of the origins of these Argonauts. They have identified Basque fishermen, sailors, explorers, soldiers of fortune, settlers, clergymen, frontiersmen and politicians who were involved in the discovery and development of the Americas from before Columbus’ first voyage through colonization and beyond. This also includes generations of men and women of Basque descent born in these new lands. As examples, we now know that the first map to ever show the Americas was drawn by a Basque and that the first Thanksgiving meal shared in what was to become the United States was actually done so by Basques 25 years before the Pilgrims. We also now recognize that many familiar cities and features in the New World were named by early Basques. These facts and others are shared on the following pages in a chronological review of some, but by no means all, of the involvement and accomplishments of Basques in the exploration, development and settlement of the Americas. -
Logotipo EUSTAT
EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Mirodata from the Estatistic on Marriages 2010 Description of file EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Microdata from the Estatistic on Marriages 2010 Description of file CONTENTS 1. Introduction........................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 2. Criteria for selection of variables ........ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 2.1 Criteria of sensitivity......................¡Error! Marcador no definido. 2.2 Criteria of confidentiality ................¡Error! Marcador no definido. 3. Registry design ................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4. Description of variables ...................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. APPENDIX 1............................................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. Microdata files request sheet 1 EUSKAL ESTATISTIKA ERAKUNDA INSTITUTO VASCO DE ESTADÍSTICA Microdata from the Estatistic on Marriages 2010 Description of file 1. Introduction The statistical operation on Marriages provides information on marriages that affects residents in the Basque Country. The files for the Estatistic on Marriages constitute a product for circulation that targets users with experience in analyzing and processing microdata. This format provides an added value to the user, permitting him or her to carry out data exploitation and analysis that, for obvious limitations, cannot be covered by current circulation in the form of tables, publications and reports. The microdata file corresponding to Marriages is described in this report. The circulation of the Marriages file with data from the first spouse combined with information on the second spouse is carried out on the basis of the usefulness and quality of the information that is going to be included as well as the interest for the user, because it is more beneficial for the person receiving the data to be able to work with them in a combined form. -
Paris, New York and the Basque International Art Community Anna María Guasch and Joseba Zulaika
1 Paris, New York and the Basque International Art Community Anna María Guasch and Joseba Zulaika At the turn of the 19th century, introduction to modernity meant for Basque artists the expected trip to Paris. Leaving aside Madrid and Rome, it was in Paris where they discovered the true meaning of modernity. This meant a new way of looking at art and life, including the concrete realities of their Basque society and culture. Joaquín de Zuazagoitia put it in these terms: “what provided the tone of Basque painting was that our painters, like the Catalans, stopped going to Madrid and Rome and went to Paris. There they vibrated with the concerns of impressionist painting, and in Paris, through Whistler, Sargent—two Americans—and through Manet, they returned the eyes to the great tradition of Spanish painting. With the eyes educated in Paris, capable of understanding better the Spanish tradition, upon returning they found themselves a country that was theirs, of so salient traits that it would well deserve to represent it. The naturalism of the painting then called modern forced them to abandon the great historic topics and to look at the daily life around them with tender eyes. Thus the most notorious characteristics of Basque painting are its capacity to observe the daily life of the Basque Country—that has been at once its 2 power and its limitation—and a return to Spanish pictorial tradition through the French influence.”1 Here we have a paradigm of how a new “knowledge community” is created: artists need to go to Paris to discover their own Spanish and Basque reality. -
Una Campana Por El Cielo De Hondarribia
VIERNES SEPTIEMBRE BIDASOA OSTIRALA 27 IRAILA ©SOCIEDAD VASCONGADA DE PUBLICACIONES, S.A. EDITA: SOCIEDAD VASCONGADA DE PUBLICACIONES, S.A. Calle Portuetxe, 2 San Sebastián • 20018 Reservados todos los derechos. queda prohibida la reproduc- Apartado de correos: 201. Oficina urbana: Santa Catalina, 1 San Sebastián • 20002 Teléfono: 943 41 07 00 ción, distribución y comunicación pública, total o parcial de los Teléfono de atención al suscriptor: 902 90 03 90 Fax redacción: 943 41 08 14 Fax publicidad: 943 41 08 16 MOCHILA contenidos de esta publicación, en cualquier forma o modali- Correo-e: [email protected] y [email protected] Imprime: Sociedad Vascongada de Producciones, S.L. dad, incluida, expresamente, la mera reproducción y/o puesta a Arrasate. Otalora, 16 • 20500 Teléfono: 943 71 25 46 Fax: 943 77 18 48 diposición de los mismos como resúmenes o revistas de prensa Eibar. Torre Unzaga, 5 - 3º izda. • 20600 Teléfono: 943 70 70 05 Fax: 943 20 08 52 con fines comerciales, sin la previa, expresa y escrita autoriza- Irun. Plaza San Juan Arria, 4 - bajo. • 20304 Teléfono: 943 63 97 30 Fax: 943 62 41 78 27 SEPTIEMBRE ción de SOCIEDAD VASCONGADA DE PUBLICACIONES, S.A. Tolosa. Avenida de Navarra, 5 - 1º izda. • 20400 Teléfono: 943 69 82 02 Fax: 943 65 28 25 PLAZA DE GIPUZKOA RAMÓN ETXEZARRETA OFICINAOFICINA URBANA PRECIO PSICOTÉCNICOP PRECIO ´5 € € EL DIARIO VASCO 4 BIDASOALDEAB 30 SONYDOS DONOSTIA IRUNIR Puntero para pantalla táctil DESCUENTODESCUENTO CertificadoCe médico psicotécnico DESCUENTODESCUENTO 55% 29% Una campana por el cielo de s importante el sonido en el cine. No porque lo diga yo, lo dicen los pro- Hondarribia E fesionales del cine, que aparte de hacer muchas bellísi- mas películas, las hacen también mediocres y de las otras. -
Basque Soccer Madness a Dissertation Submitted in Partial
University of Nevada, Reno Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Basque Studies (Anthropology) by Mariann Vaczi Dr. Joseba Zulaika/Dissertation Advisor May, 2013 Copyright by Mariann Vaczi All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by Mariann Vaczi entitled Sport, Nation, Gender: Basque Soccer Madness be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joseba Zulaika, Advisor Sandra Ott, Committee Member Pello Salaburu, Committee Member Robert Winzeler, Committee Member Eleanor Nevins, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2013 i Abstract A centenarian Basque soccer club, Athletic Club (Bilbao) is the ethnographic locus of this dissertation. From a center of the Industrial Revolution, a major European port of capitalism and the birthplace of Basque nationalism and political violence, Bilbao turned into a post-Fordist paradigm of globalization and gentrification. Beyond traditional axes of identification that create social divisions, what unites Basques in Bizkaia province is a soccer team with a philosophy unique in the world of professional sports: Athletic only recruits local Basque players. Playing local becomes an important source of subjectivization and collective identity in one of the best soccer leagues (Spanish) of the most globalized game of the world. This dissertation takes soccer for a cultural performance that reveals relevant anthropological and sociological information about Bilbao, the province of Bizkaia, and the Basques. Early in the twentieth century, soccer was established as the hegemonic sports culture in Spain and in the Basque Country; it has become a multi- billion business, and it serves as a powerful political apparatus and symbolic capital. -
Case Study 6: Mondragon International Clusters
Mondragon Multi-localisation Strategy: Innovating a Human Centred Globalisation 383 CASE STUDY 6: MONDRAGON INTERNATIONAL CLUSTERS Introduction The Mondragon co-operatives history is that of a group based on geographically proximity of the co-operatives themselves, and on inter-cooperation among them. Mondragon and the Deba Valley; while compared to Emilia Romana (Becattini, 1990), it has been identified as an Industrial District. The diversity of sectors, markets and technologies among Mondragon co-operatives can be attributed to the strategies followed by Grupo Caja Laboral back in the 1970s and 80s. In 1991 the Mondragon Group’s industrial divisions were re-structured according to sectors, in order to enhance the possibilities thereof. The Mondragon Group’s new structure, organised around economic sectors, was coherent with the clustering strategy implemented in the Basque Country and based on the recommendations made by Professor Michael Porter from Harvard University. Today the Mondragon industrial co-operatives are not only divided into 12 industrial divisions (see Figure 3.9), but are also active members of the regional industrial clusters, such as ACICAE (automotive) or GAIA (telecommunication). It can be said that both strategies have been of great success. The having of a global dimension is a requirement for most of the Mondragon co- operatives. Increasingly they are opening production plants abroad in countries and regions that have a similar series of challenges and opportunities1. As a result nearly all the Mondragon projects abroad are dealing with virtually the same series of problems: 1 For further detail see chapter 5 Jose Mari Luzarraga PhD Mondragon University - 2008 Mondragon Multi-localisation Strategy: Innovating a Human Centred Globalisation 384 branding and acquiring a new local customer base, lobbying local governments, workforce training, workforce turnover and employee loyalty, certification of suppliers and quality control, logistics management, and issues of isolation, dissatisfaction and motivation of expatriate employees. -
URTARRILAK 3 / 3 DE ENERO Zelaia / Campo: HONDARRIBIA (Ondartza)
INFANTIL TXIKI mailako 1go faseko EGITARAUA (2006an jaiotakoak) Programa de partidos de la 1ra Fase de la categoría INFANTIL TXIKI (Nacidos en 2006) XXXV NAZIOARTEKO REAL SOCIEDAD TXAPELKETA XXXV TORNEO INTERNACIONAL REAL SOCIEDAD URTARRILAK 3 / 3 DE ENERO Zelaia / Campo: HONDARRIBIA (Ondartza) A MULTZOA ORD. ZELAIA PARTIDUA 1x20 minutu GRUPO A HONDARRIBIA 9:15 Ondartza HONDARRIBIA REAL UNION REAL UNION 9:40 Ondartza EGLANTINS GURE TXOKOA EGLANTINS 10:05 Ondartza EUSKALDUNA HONDARRIBIA GURE TXOKOA 10:30 Ondartza REAL UNION EGLANTINS EUSKALDUNA 10:55 Ondartza GURE TXOKOA EUSKALDUNA 11:20 Ondartza HONDARRIBIA EGLANTINS 11:45 Ondartza REAL UNION GURE TXOKOA 12:10 Ondartza EUSKALDUNA EGLANTINS 12:35 Ondartza HONDARRIBIA GURE TXOKOA 13:00 Ondartza REAL UNION EUSKALDUNA Zelaia / Campo: Donostia (Puio) B MULTZOA ORD. ZELAIA PARTIDUA 1x20 minutu GRUPO B VASCONIA 9:15 Puio VASCONIA HERNANI HERNANI 9:40 Puio URNIETA BETI ONA URNIETA 10:05 Puio SAN MARCIAL VASCONIA BETI ONA 10:30 Puio HERNANI URNIETA SAN MARCIAL 10:55 Puio BETI ONA SAN MARCIAL 11:20 Puio VASCONIA URNIETA 11:45 Puio HERNANI BETI ONA 12:10 Puio SAN MARCIAL URNIETA 12:35 Puio VASCONIA BETI ONA 13:00 Puio HERNANI SAN MARCIAL Zelaia / Campo: Arrasate (Mojategi) C MULTZOA ORD. ZELAIA PARTIDUA 1x20 minutu GRUPO C ARRASATE 9:15 Mojategi ARRASATE BERGARA BERGARA 9:40 Mojategi ELGOIBAR ARIZNABARRA ELGOIBAR 10:05 Mojategi TOLOSA ARRASATE ARIZNABARRA 10:30 Mojategi BERGARA ELGOIBAR TOLOSA 10:55 Mojategi ARIZNABARRA TOLOSA 11:20 Mojategi ARRASATE ELGOIBAR 11:45 Mojategi BERGARA ARIZNABARRA 12:10 Mojategi TOLOSA ELGOIBAR 12:35 Mojategi ARRASATE ARIZNABARRA 13:00 Mojategi BERGARA TOLOSA URTARRILAK 3 / 3 DE ENERO Zelaia / Campo: Donostia (Matigoxotegi) D MULTZOA ORD.