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According to new syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi and State Boards of Uttarakhand, Karnataka (Ist Year PUC), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, Kerala, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur and other States following CBSE & ISC curriculum.

abc OF Class XI PART-I

By Dr. B. B. Arora M.Sc., Ph.D., Dip. in French Formerly Head, Deptt. of , Strictly Dyal Singh College, in accordance Karnal with the Latest A. K. Sabharwal M.Sc., M.Phil. (Gold-Medalist), GuidelinesIncluding and Syllabus Formerly Head, Deptt. of Zoology, Value Based Questions S.D. College, issued by Panipat

N.C.E.R.T. / C.B.S.E. GENERAL EDITORS Dr. Ruchi Arora Raj Sabharwal Suman Shreya

THOROUGHLY REVISED & UPDATED EDITION 2017–2018

MODERN PUBLISHERS (Producers of Quality Textbooks)

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MODERN'S OUTSTANDING TEXTBOOKS FOR JEE-Main, JEE-Advance FOR CLASS XI & Medical (NEET)  Modern's abc of Physics  abc of Objective Physics  Modern's abc of Practical Physics Modern's   Modern's abc of Physics Lab Manual Modern's abc of Objective Chemistry  Modern's abc + of Chemistry  Modern's abc of Objective Mathematics  Modern's abc of Practical Chemistry  Modern's abc of Objective Biology  Modern's abc of Chemistry Lab Manual  Modern's abc of Crash Course Physics (JEE-Main)  Modern's abc + of Biology  Modern's abc of Crash Course Chemistry (JEE-Main)  Modern's abc of Practical Biology  Modern's abc of Crash Course Mathematics (JEE-Main)  Modern's abc of Biology Lab Manual  Modern's abc + of Mathematics  Solutions of Modern's abc of Mathematics KIND ATTENTION : DEAR CUSTOMER  ++ To avoid duplicacy, a HOLOGRAM has been pasted Modern's abc of Computer Science C on the cover of this book. If this hologram is missing, please do not purchase the book as it is likely to be a duplicate book. Any such duplicacy if noted may please be intimated to the Publishers.

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Published by : Balwant Sharma MODERN PUBLISHERS MBD House, Railway Road, Jalandhar City. Printed at : E [email protected] M. GULAB SINGH & SONS (P) LTD. W www.mbdgroup.com B-5/14, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad (U.P.) Toll Free No. : 1800 200 2233 reface PWe feel pleasure in presenting the revised edition of our book “Modern’s abc of Biology” for class XI students. The book + has been prepared strictly according to the new syllabus proposed by CBSE New Delhi and Education Board of other Indian states and N.C.E.R.T. textbook. About the book : Before you begin working from this book, it would be a good idea to have a look at the way it has been written. The Text : The most important word in the study of Biology is ‘Understanding of Text’. In writing this book, we have kept this fact in mind and have tried to explain the basic ideas as clearly as possible. Technical terms have been explained under the heading ‘New Terms’. Well drawn and accurate self explanatory diagrams provide further help in understanding the contents of the book. Several comparative tables have been incorporated in the text to highlight the important differences between important concepts at a glance. Noteworthy features : ❍ NCERT Textbook Questions Solved ❍ NCERT Exemplar Problems Solved Solutions of Important questions are given at the end of every chapter. Special emphasis has been given to narrative style, illustrations, coverage of topics and clarity of expression. Extension Boxes : Extension boxes have been given in the text to get a wider understanding of the subject. Extension boxes are available in two forms : ❍ The boxes which provide extra information about the topic. ❍ The boxes which contain some Interesting Facts about Competitive Examinations. Test Questions : Test questions have been categorised under the following heading : A. Practice Problems. Solved practice problems have been included at a number of places in each other to revise the text. B. Multiple Choice Questions. Questions from various competitive examinations are included. This will help you to test your comprehension against all sorts of subject problems that will come up in your examination. C. Fill in the Blanks. D. Match the Words/Sentences E.True o r False F. Reasoning Type Questions (For AIIMS aspirants) G. Assertion Type Questions (For AIIMS aspirants) H. HOTS Questions Text questions have been further classified into : ❍ Very Short Answer Questions (One mark each) ❍ Short Answer Questions (Two marks each) ❍ Short Answer Questions (Three marks each) ❍ Long Answer Questions (Five marks each) ❍ Incorporated Value Based Questions. We have included the answers at the end of each chapter. Most of the questions are straight-forward and can be attempted from the information provided in the book. This ‘SMART BOOK’ is being presented after microscopic revision. Each and every word has been read with utmost care. Being a smart book, it is incorporated with “NYTRA”, which is the first augmented reality app. for K-12 Education in India. NYTRA will facilitate the readers to understand the basics and the allegorical background of the subject matter very easily and clearly with the help of different laminations. Acknowledgements : We are highly thankful to Modern Publishers for his valuable support throughout the making of this book. We should like to express our gratitude to Mr. Manik Juneja, National Head—Content Operations, Mr. B. S. Rawat, Mr. S. K. Sikka and Mr. Ravinder Pathania for their help and cooperation to prepare the project. The book is bound to prove highly useful for various medical, dental and other competitive entrance tests. Suggestions for improvement of this book will be always welcomed. —Dr. B.B. Arora —Ashok Sabharwal SOME IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS IN BIOLOGY AND RELATED FIELDS

1. Father of Biology : Aristotle 2. Father of Botany : Theophrastus 3. Father of Zoology : Aristotle 4. Father of : Stephan Hales 5. Father of Taxonomy : Carl Linnaeus 6. Father of : G.J. Mendel 7. Father of Experimental Genetics : Morgan 8. Father of Bryology : Johann Hedwig 9. Father of Modern Cytology : Carl P. Swanson 10. Father of Microscopy : Marcello Malpighi 11. Father of Comparative Anatomy : Bason George Cuvier 12. Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius 13. Father of Experimental Physiology : Galen 14. Father of Study of Circulation of Blood : William Harvey 15. Father of Evolutionary Ideas : Empedocles 16. Father of Eugenics : F. Galton 17. Father of Modern Embryology : K.V. Baer 18. Father of Ayurveda : Charaka 19. Father of Palaeontology : L. da Vinci 20. Father of : Hippocrates 21. Father of Indian Mycology : E.J. Butler 22. Father of Bacteriology : 23. Father of Microbiology : 24. Father of : Hugo de Vries 25. Father of Special Creation Theory : Father Saurez 26. Father of : Edward Jenner 27. Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson 28. Father of Blood Groups : C. Landsteiner 29. Father of Indian Taxonomy : Santapau SOME INTERESTING

1. Smallest flower — Wolffia (0.1 mm) 2. Smallest parasite — Arceutaopium 3. Largest chromosome — Trillium – 30.0µ 4. Smallest chromosome — Algae – 0.025µ 5. Largest number of chromosomes — 2n = 1262 Ophioglossum (a pteridophyte) 6. Minimum number of chromosomes — 2n = 4 Haplopappus gracilis 7. Oldest plant — Larrea tridentata (S.W. California—U.S.A.) 11,300 years 8. Fastest growing plant — Hespiroyucca whipplei (Liliaceae) (grows 12 ft. in 14 days) 9. Plants reported at maximum elevation — Can grow upto 25,447 ft. above sea level (a) Ernania himalayeansis (b) Ranunculus lobatus 10. Plant producing smallest seed — Orchids 11. Plant with largest egg cell and antherozoid — Cycas 12. Biggest — Cycas 13. Smallest cell — Mycoplasma gallisepticum (PPLO) 14. Largest plant cell — Acetabularia (a green algae) 15. Indian National flower — Nelumbium (lotus) 16. Heaviest timber — Olea laurifloia 17. Lightest timber — Acrometo gonus 18. Hardest wood — Hardwickia 19. Tallest Angiosperm — Eucalyptus – 114 metre 20. Tallest Gymnosperm — Sequoia sempervirens – 111.25 metre 21. Smallest Angiospermic plant — Wolffia 22. Smallest Gymnosperm — Zamia pygmea 23. Smallest Pteridophyta — Azolla 24. Biggest bacterium — Epulopisicum fishelsoni, 1/2 mm 25. Plant with largest flower — Rafflesia 26. Plant with largest leaves — Victoria regia 27. Plant producing largest fruit — Lodoicea WINNERS — PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE

1901 1952 1902 Sr 1953 Fritz Lipman and 1903 Niels Finsen 1954 John Enders, Thomas Weller and Fredrick 1904 Robbins 1905 Robert Koch 1955 1906 Camilio Golgi and Santiago Ramony Cajal 1956 Andre Cournand, Dickinson Richards Jr. and 1907 Charles Laveran 1908 Paul Ehrilch and Elie Metchnikoff 1957 1909 1958 , and Joshun 1910 Lederberg 1911 1959 and 1912 1960 Sir Macfarlene Burnet and 1913 1961 Georg von Bekesy 1914 Robert Barany 1962 , Maruice Wilkins and 1915-18 No award 1963 , and Sir John Ecdes 1919 1964 Konrad Bloch 1920 1965 Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff and 1921 No award 1966 Charles Huggins and Francis Rous 1922 and Otto Meyerhof 1967 Ragner Granit, Haldan Hartline and 1923 Sir and John Macleod 1968 Robert Holley, and Marshal 1924 Nirenberg 1925 No award 1969 Max Delbruck, and 1926 1970 Sir , and 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1971 Earl Sutherland Jr. 1928 1972 Rodney Porter and 1929 Christmas Eijkman and Sir Frederick Hopkins 1973 , and 1930 1974 , and George Palade 1931 Otto Warburg 1975 , Howard Temin and Renato 1932 and Sir Charles Sherrington Dulbecco 1933 Thomas H. Morgan 1976 B.S. Blumberg and D.G. Gajdusek 1934 , William P. Murphy and 1977 Rosalyn Yalow, R. Gullemin and A. Schally 1978 W. Araber, D. Nathons and H. Smith 1935 1979 Godfrey Newbold Housfield and Allan Mc Leod 1936 Sir Henry Dale and Cormack 1937 Albert Szent Gyoigyi 1980 George Snell, and 1938 1981 David Hubel, Roger Sperry and 1939 -declined 1982 Sune Sune Bergstroen, Bengt Smuelson and John 1943 and Edward Doisy Vane 1944 and Herbert Gasser 1983 Barbara Mc Clintock 1945 Sir , and Emst 1984 Cesal Milstein, Georges Kohler and Neils Jeme Chain 1985 Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein 1946 Herman Muller 1986 Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi Montalcini 1947 Carl and and 1987 1948 Paul Muller 1988 Gertude Elion, George Hitchings and 1949 Walter Hess and Antonio Moniz Sir James Black 1950 Philip Hench, Edward Kendal and Tadeus 1989 J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus Reichstein 1990 Donnal E. Thomas and 1951 Max Theiler 1991 and 2005 Harry J. Marshall and R. Warren 1992 Edmund Fisher and Edwin Krebs 2006 Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello 1993 Richard J. Robers and Philips A. Sharp 2007 Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and 1994 Alfred Gilman and Martin Rodkil Oliver Smithes 1995 Edward Lewis Christain Nvolhard Eric F. Wiscos 2008 , Francoise Barre Sinoussi, 1996 Peter C. Doherty 1997 Stanleg Prusiner 2009 , Carol Greider and Jack Szostak 1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignaro and Farid 2010 Professor Robert G. Edwards Murad 2011 Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann and Ralph M. 1999 Gunter Blobel Steinman 2000 A. Carrison, and 2012 Sir John B. Gurdon and 2001 L. Hartwell, Timothy Hunt and 2013 James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas 2002 , H. Robert Howvitz and C. Sudhof 2014 John O'keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser John E.Sulzton 2015 William C. Campbell, Satoshi Omura and Youyou Tu 2003 Paul Lautebur and 2016 2004 Linda Buck and

IMPORTANT DATES

Date and Month Important as 30th January Antileprosy Day 1st week of February and July Van Mahotsav 28th February National Science Day 15th March World Handicap Day 21st March World Forest Day 24th March World Day 7th April World Health Day 11th April Safe Motherhood Day 22nd April World Earth Day 8th May World Red Cross Day, Thalassemia Day 31st May World No-Tobacco Day 5th June World Environment Day 26th June International Anti-Drug Day 11th July World Population Day Ist week of August World Breast Feeding Week 6th August Hiroshima and Nagasaki Day 20th August Malaria Day 29th August Mosquito Day 16th September Ozone Day Ist week of October World Wildlife Week 1st October Blood Donation Day 3rd October World Animal Day 4th October World Habitat Day 10th October World Mental Health Day 16th October World Food Day 14th November World Day 1st December World AIDS Day 2nd December National Pollution Prevention Day (Bhopal Tragedy Day) 3rd December World Conservation Day 10th December Human Rights Day 23rd December Kisan Divas 29th December International Day for Biological Diversity DOCTRINES AND THEORIES IN BIOLOGY

Theory/Doctrine Proposed by Apical Cell Theory of Apical meristems Hofmeister Artificial system of classification Aristotle Axial gradient Theory Child Biogenesis (= Theory of movement) Robert Brown Biological Species Concept Dobzensky and Meyer Binomial nomenclature Linnaeus ‘Birds are glorified reptiles’ Huxley Cascade effect Sutherland Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics Crick Chemosynthetic Theory Oparin Chromosomal Theory of Linkage Morgan and Castle Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance Sutton and Boveri Cohesion Theory of Ascent of Sap Dixon and Jolly Conditioned Reflex I.P. Pavlov Cosmozoic Theory Richter Coupling and Repulsion Theory Bateson and Punnet Descent with modification Darwin Discovery of Honeybee dance Von Frisch Double fertilization of Angiosperms Nawaschin and Guingard Five Kingdom Classification Whittaker Fluid Mosaic Model Singer and Nicholson Histogen Theory of Apical meristem Hanstein Theory (Linkage of ) Morgan Germplasm Theory Weissmann Germ Theory of disease L. Pasteur Genic Balance Theory of sex determination C.B. Bridges Induced fit Hypothesis of enzyme Koshland Idea of Homeostasis Claude Bernard Law of conservation of energy Von Mayer Life comes from life (proved by) Francesco Redi Lock and Key Hypothesis Emil Fischer Materialistic Theory Oparin Mutation Theory Hugo de Vries Nurse Culture technique (Cellular totipotency) Muir et. al. Omnis cellula e cellula One cistron–one polypeptide Theory C. Yanofsky One gene–one enzyme Theory Beadle and Tatum Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny E. Haeckel Operon Concept of Gene action Jacob and Monod Organic evolution Darwin and Wallace ‘ is the Physical basis of Life’ Huxley Protoplasm Theory Hertwig Protoplasmic Theory M. Schultze Recapitulation Theory Von Bear Sol gel Theory of Amoeba Locomotion Hyman, Pantin and Mast Stellar Theory of Plants Tiegham and Douliot Survival of the fittest Spencer Telome Theory of Pteridophyta Zimmermann Theory of Abiogenesis Helmont Theory of Acquired characters Lamarck Theory of Artificial parthenogenesis Loeb Theory of Biogenetic Law E. Haeckel Theory of Catastrophism Cuvier Theory of Contagion Fracastorius Theory of Epigenesis Wolff Theory of Natural Selection Charles Darwin Theory of Opsonisation Wright and Doughlass Theory of Pangenesis C. Darwin Theory of Special Creation Father Saurez Tunica Corpus Theory Schmidt Vital Theory J.C. Bose BIOLOGY CLASS XI (THEORY)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70 Unit Title No. of Periods Marks 1. Diversity of Living Organisms 23 07 2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 22 11 3. Cell: Structure and Function 35 15 4. Plant Physiology 40 17 5. Human Physiology (A) 40 10+10 Human Physiology (B) Total 160 70 Note : The question paper includes a Section on Open Text Based Assessment (OTBA) which will include questions of a total of 10 marks. No other questions will be asked from the section of the unit earmarked for OTBA. The open text material will be supplied in advance. This material is designed to assess the analytical and higher order thinking skills of students. UNIT-I: DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS (23 Periods) Chapter-1: The Living World ● What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy– Museums, Zoological parks, Herbaria, Botanical gardens. Chapter-2: Biological Classification ● Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids. Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom ● Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms-classification up to class, characteristic features and examples. Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom ● Salient features and classification of animals-non chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category). (No live animals or specimen should be displayed). UNIT -II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS (22 Periods) Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants ● Morphology and modifications: Tissues Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants ● Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants; root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical Syllabus). Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals ● Animal tissues: Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only) UNIT-III: CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (35 Periods) Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life ● Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, ; Cell organelles, structure and function; Endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); Nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. Chapter-9: Biomolecules ● Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipid, nucleic acids; enzymes, types, properties, enzyme action. Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division ● Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance. UNIT-IV : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (40 Periods) Chapter-11: Transport in Plants ● Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell transport–Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant–water relations, Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water–Absorption, , symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration–opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients– Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flow hypothesis; Diffusion of gases. Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition ● Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity; Elementary idea of Hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen -Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation. Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants ● Photosynthesis as a mean of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis; Pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and

non-cyclic photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C34 and C pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis. Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants ● Exchange of gases; cellular respiration–glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations–Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient. Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development ● Seed germination; Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; Growth regulators–auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy; Vernalisation; Photoperiodism. UNIT-V : HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY – (A) (40 Periods) Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption ● Alimentary canal and digestive glands, Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders–PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea. Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases ● Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans–Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volume; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders. Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation ● Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system–Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY – (B) Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination ● Modes of excretion–Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system–structure and function; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function–Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders-Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney. Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement ● Types of movement–ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle–contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions; Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system- Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout. Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination ● Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans–central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense organs; Elementary structure and function of eye and ear. Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration ● Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, , Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders, dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease. Note : Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief. FATHERS IN THE FIELD OF IMPORTANT SYMBOLS & BIOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS

Father of Biology : Aristotle Ala : Aristotle Father of Botany : Theophrastus A : Androecium Father of Zoology : Aristotle A : Adenine Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch ABA : Abscisic acid Father of Plant Physiology : Stephan Hales ACTH : Adenocorticotrophic hormone ATP : Adenosine triphosphate Father of Taxonomy : Carl Linnaeus Aa : Heterozygous dominant Father of Genetics : G. J. Mendel AAAA : Autotetraploid Father of Experimental Genetics : Morgan AABB : Allotetraploid Father of Modern Cytology : Carl P. Swanson Å : Angstrom (= 0.0001 of a micron) Father of Plant Anatomy : N. Grew ADP : Adenosine diphosphate Father of Mycology : Micheli AIDS : Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome Father of Palynology : Erdtman ANS : Autonomous nervous system Father of Eugenics : Francis Galton AMP : Adenosine monophosphate Father of Biochemical Genetics : Archibald Garrod 5 1 Atmosphere : 76.00 cm of Hg = 1.01 × 10 Pa. Father of DNA finger printing : Alec Jaffery ANS : Autonomic Nervous System Father of : Addison arg : Arginine Father of ATP cycle : Lipmann ACT : Acoustic test facility Father of Indian Ecology : R. Mishra ADH : Antidiuretic hormone Father of Comparative Anatomy : Bason George Cuvier 5 Bro : 5 Bromo uracil Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius Br : Bracteate flower Father of Experimental Physiology : Galen f : Bacteriophage Father of Eugenics : F. Galton BOD : Biochemical oxygen demand Father of Modern Embryology : K. V. Baer BMR : Basal metabolic rate Father of Ayurveda : Charaka C : Corolla C : Cytosine Father of Palaeontology : L. da Vinci C : Plants showing photorespiration Father of Medicine : Hippocrates 2 CDP : Cytosine diphosphate Father of Indian Mycology : E. J. Butler CTP : Cytosine triphosphate Father of Microbiology : Louis Pasteur CT : Calcitonin hormone Father of Mutation : Hugo de Vries CoQ : Coenzyme Q Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner Cyt : Cytochrome Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson Cp : Compare Father of Blood groups : C. Landsteiner CMP : Cytosine monophosphate Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg CVA : Cerebrovascular accident Father of : Leibig C4 : Plants with Hatch and Slack cycle Father of ECG : Einthoven CoA : Coenzyme A Father of Conditioned Reflex : Pavlov C : Cytosine Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary C3 : Calvin cycle plants Father of Antibiotics : Alexander Flemming COD : Chemical oxygen demand Father of Radiation Genetics : H. J. Muller CIFRI : Central inland fisheries research institute Father of Chemotherapy : Paul Enrich DNP : Deoxyribo nucleoproteins Father of : Stanley DLC : Differential leucocyte count DDT : Dichlorophenyl trichloroethane NAD : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

DPD : Diffusion pressure deficit NADH2 : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide DPT : , Pertussis, vaccine (reduced) DNA : Deoxyribose nucleic acid NAA : Naphthalene acetic acid DPN : Diphosphopyridine nucleotide n : Nanometre (Same as NAD) PEPA : Phosphoenol pyruvic acid EPR : Electro paramagnetic resonance Pstd : Pistillode ECG : Electrocardiograph PAN : Peroxyacyl nitrate EDTA : Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid PEM : Protein energy malnutrition EEG : Electro encephalograph PPi : Inorganic pyrophosphate Ebr : Ebracteate P : Perianth EMP : Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway PQ : Plastoquinone ESR : Electron spin resonance PGA : Phosphoglyceric acid Epi : Presence of epicalyx PKU : Phenylketonuria ETS : Energy transfer system PS-I : Pigment system I ER : Endoplasmic reticulum PS-II : Pigment system II EM : Electron microscope PIH : Protein inhibiting hormone FSH : Follicle stimulating hormone PPLO : Pleuro pneumonia-like organisms FAD : Flavin adenine dinucleotide RH : Releasing hormone FMN : Flavin mono nucleotide RG : Regulator gene F2 : Second filial generation RuBP (RuDP) : Ribulose biphosphate FADH2 : Flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced) RER : Rough endoplasmic reticulum F particle : Oxysomes in mitochondria 1 RMP : Ribulose monophosphate F : First filial generation 1 RNA : Ribose nucleic acid GMP : Guanosine monophosphate RQ : Respiratory quotient GA : Gibberellic acid SER : Smooth endoplasmic reticulum G : Guanine S : Svedberg unit GH : Growth hormone SCID : Severe combined immunodeficiency GTH : Gonadotrophic hormone syndrome HCLV-III : Human cell leukaemia virus III SQUID : Superconducting quantum HIV : Human immuno deficiency virus interference device ICSH : Interstitial cells stimulating hormone TP : Turgor pressure IAA : Indole-3-acetic acid tRNA : Transfer ribose nucleic acid ICRAF : International council for research in TLC : Total leucocyte count Agroforest T : Thymine IU : International unit TPN : Triphosphopyridine nucleotide IMP : Inosine monophosphate TTP : Thymidine triphosphate IVI : Intravenous injection TSH : Thyroid stimulating hormone IBA : Indole-3-butyric acid TPP : Thymine pyrophosphate 15 1 light year : 9.46 × 10 km TCA : Tricarboxylic acid cycle LSD : Lysergic acid dimethylamide UMP : Uridine monophosphate LH : Luteinising hormone UAG : Nonsense codon mRNA : Messenger Ribose Nucleic Acid U : Uracil 6 1 microgram :10gm UTP : Uridine triphosphate 6 UV : Ultraviolet 1 microlitre (ml) : 10 litre MET : Magneto-encephlography ABP : Androgen binding protein MSH : Melanocyte stimulating hormone ARF : Acute renal failure NMRI : Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging WBC : White blood corpuscles Moderns ABC Plus Of Biology Class 11 Part-I

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Publisher : MBD Group Author : Dr. B. B. Arora, A. ISBN : 9789351841197 Publishers K. Sabharwal

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