List of Works: Splendors of Edo: Rites of the Samurai, Festivals of The
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No.720 (January Issue)
NBTHK SWORD JOURNAL ISSUE NUMBER 720 January, 2017 Meito Kansho Examination of Important Swords Juyo Bunkazai Important Art Object Type: Tachi Mei: Bitchu no kuni ju Yoshitsugu Shochu 3 nen 3 gatsu pi Owner: Fujishima shrine Length: 2 shaku 5 sun 1 bu 3 rin (76.15 cm) Sori: 8 bu 4 rin (2.55 cm) Motohaba: 9 bu 2 rin (2.8 cm) Sakihaba: 5 bu 9 rin (1.8 cm) Motokasane: 1 bu 7 rin (0.5 cm) Sakikasane: 1 bu 3 rin (0.4 cm) Kissaki length: 8 bu 6 rin (2.6 cm) Nakago length: 7 sun 4 bu 6 rin (22.6 cm) Nakago sori: 7 rin (0.2 cm) Commentary This is a narrow shinogi zukuri tachi with an ihorimune, and the widths at the moto and saki are different. It has a standard thickness, there is a large sori, and a short chu-kissaki. The jihada is a tight ko-itame and on the bottom half of the blade it is mixed with ohada. There are ji-nie, some small chikei, and at the koshimoto there is a pale mizukage. The entire jihada has fine stripe-like dan utsuri. The hamon is a wide suguha, and at the koshimoto, and around the monouchi the hamon is mixed with ko-notare and ko-gunome. There are ashi, ko-ashi, yo, and on the ura side’s bottom half there are some saka-ash. In the center of the blade, there is a medium width suguha with a tight nioiguchi. The entire hamon is a nioiguchi type with ko- nie. -
Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’S Daughters – Part 2
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 8. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 Abstract This section discusses the complex psychological and philosophical reason for Shogun Yoshimune’s contrasting handlings of his two adopted daughters’ and his favorite son’s weddings. In my thinking, Yoshimune lived up to his philosophical principles by the illogical, puzzling treatment of the three weddings. We can witness the manifestation of his modest and frugal personality inherited from his ancestor Ieyasu, cohabiting with his strong but unconventional sense of obligation and respect for his benefactor Tsunayoshi. Disciplines Family, Life Course, and Society | Inequality and Stratification | Social and Cultural Anthropology This is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 Weddings of Shogun’s Daughters #2- Seigle 1 11Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 e. -
Japanese Economic Growth During the Edo Period*
Japanese Economic Growth during the Edo Period* Toshiaki TAMAKI Abstract During the Edo period, Japanese production of silver declined drastically. Japan could not export silver in order to import cotton, sugar, raw silk and tea from China. Japan was forced to carry out import-substitution. Because Japan adopted seclusion policy and did not produce big ships, it used small ships for coastal trade, which contributed to the growth of national economy. Japanese economic growth during the Edo period was indeed Smithian, but it formed the base of economic development in Meiji period. Key words: Kaimin, maritime, silver economic growth, Sakoku 1.Introduction Owing to the strong influence of Marxism, and Japan’s defeat in World War II, Japanese historians dismissed the Edo period (1603–1867) as a stagnating period. Japan, during this period, was regarded as a country that lagged behind Europe because of its underdeveloped social and economic systems. It had been closed to the outside world for over two hundred years, as a result of its Sakoku (seclusion) policy, and could not, therefore, progress as rapidly as Europe and the United States. This image of Japan during the Edo period began to change in the 1980s, and this period is now viewed as an age of economic growth, even if Japan’s growth rates were not as rapid as those of Europe. Economic growth during the Edo period is now even considered to be the foundation for the economic growth that occurred after the Meiji period. In this paper, I will develop three arguments that demonstrate the veracity of the above viewpoint. -
Sino-Japanese Interactions Through Rare Books
Timelines and Maps Sino-Japanese Interactions Through Rare Books English Version © Keio University Timelines and Maps East Asian History at a Glance Books are part of the flow of history. But it is not only about Japanese history. Many books travel over the sea time to time for several reasons and a lot of knowledge and information comes and go with books. In this course, you’ll see books published in Japan as well as ones come from China and Korea. Let’s take a look at the history in East Asia. You do not have to remember the names of the historical period but please refer to this page for reference. Japanese History Overview This is a list of the main periods in Japanese history. This may be a useful reference as we proceed in the course. Period Name of Era Name of Era - mid-3rd c. CE Yayoi 弥生 mid-3rd c. CE - 7th c. CE Kofun (Tomb period) 古墳 592 - 710 Asuka 飛鳥 710-794 Nara 奈良 794 - 1185 Heian 平安 1185 - 1333 Kamakura 鎌倉 Nanboku-chō 1333 - 1392 (Southern and Northern Courts period) 南北朝 1392 - 1573 Muromachi 室町 1573 - 1603 Azuchi-Momoyama 安土桃山 1603 - 1868 Edo 江戸 1868 - 1912 Meiji 明治 Era names (Nengō) in Edo Period There were several era names (nengo, or gengo) in Edo period (1603 ~ 1868) and they are sometimes used in the description of the old books and materials, especially Week 2 and Week 4. Here is the list of the era names in Edo period for your convenience; 1 SINO-JAPANESE INTERACTIONS THROUGH RARE BOOKS KEIO UNIVERSITY © Keio University Timelines and Maps Start Era name English Start Era name English 1596 慶長 Keichō 1744 延享 Enkyō -
The Opening of Japan
i i i i West Bohemian Historical Review VI j 2016 j 1 The Opening of Japan Eliška Lebedová∗ Since the first half of the 17th century Japan closed itself against the influence of the outside world. Only the Dutch traders could under strict restrictions enter the port of Nagasaki. This policy of so-called sakoku (isolation) was one of the cornerstones of the Tokugawa bakufu. However, since the turn of the 18th and 19th century the ships of the western pow- ers started to gain interest in the seas around Japan. The ruling Tokugawa regime was nevertheless anxious of the internal consequences of the opening of the country and turned away any effort of western Great Powers to open Japan to foreign trade. This policy was not however backed by military ability to repulse the foreigners if they came and tried to open Japan by force. The arrival of powerful fleet of Commodore Perry in 1853 therefore compelled the bakufu to sign a first treaty opening its ports to western country. Treaties with other countries followed soon and at the end of the 50s Japan had to sign a series of unequal treaties under the pressure of the Great Powers. This was a start of a whole new period of Japanese history. [Japan; Great Britain; United States; Russia; France; diplomacy; international relations; trade] Japan1 had always been an isolated and insular country due to its remote location. Foreign relations were limited to its relatively close neighbours in Asia. Trade agreements concluded in the 15th century with Korea and China led to the brisk exchange of goods, which was, however, accompa- nied by increased activities of Japanese pirates (wako¯) and Chinese smug- glers on the Chinese-Korean coast.2 Traders also sailed from Japan to Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines. -
The Development of Early Modern Onmyōdō
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 40/1: 151–167 © 2013 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture Hayashi Makoto 林 淳 The Development of Early Modern Onmyōdō This article examines the development of Onmyōdō in the early modern period of Edo Japan. Although much of the focus on Onmyōdō has been on the ancient and medieval periods, early modern Onmyōdō had a completely different historical meaning due to various social developments in the Edo period. First, the Tsuchimikado family gained official recognition from the shogunate so that all divination activity required licensing from them. Second, calendar creation and astronomical observations, formerly the responsibility of the Imperial Court’s Onmyōdō Bureau, shifted to a new “office of astron- omy” created by the bakufu. This system, in which religious practitioners such as those affiliated with Onmyōdō were incorporated into the bakufu’s ruling framework, was dominant during the Edo period but was systematically dis- mantled by the Meiji government in the late nineteenth century. keywords: Tsuchimikado family—calendar—warrior Onmyōdō—Shosha negi kan- nushi hatto—shuinjō—manzai Hayashi Makoto is a professor in the Department of Literature at Aichi Gakuin University. 151 he first academic study of Onmyōdō 陰陽道 (the way of yin-yang) was Saitō’s study of Onmyōdō in the Ōchō period. For a long time, this was the only available reference work (Saitō 1915). It covered nearly Tall the basic topics in Onmyōdō: Chinese Onmyōdō texts, the organization of the Onmyōdō Bureau in the ritsuryō 律令 system of governance, tenmondō 天文道 (astrology) and divination, rekidō 暦道 (calendar studies) and divination, ideas surrounding the use of natural disasters and auspicious signs in politics, and so on. -
HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
A Historical Analysis of the Traditional Japanese Decision-Making Process in Contrast with the U.S
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1976 A historical analysis of the traditional Japanese decision-making process in contrast with the U.S. system and implications for intercultural deliberations Shoji Mitarai Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Speech and Rhetorical Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mitarai, Shoji, "A historical analysis of the traditional Japanese decision-making process in contrast with the U.S. system and implications for intercultural deliberations" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2361. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2358 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Shoji Mitarai for the Master of Arts in Speech Conununication presented February 16, 1976. Title: A Historical Analysis of the Traditional Japanese Decision-Maki~g Process in Contrast with the U.S. System and Implications for Intercultural Delibera tions. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEES: The purpose of this research.is to (1) describe and analyze the different methods used by Japanese ·and by U.S. persons to reach ~greement in small. group deliberations, (2) discover the depth of ·conunitment and personal involvement with th~se methods by tracing their historical b~ginni~gs, and (3) draw implications 2 from (1) and (2) as to probability of success of current problem solving deliberations involving members of both ·groups. -
Title the NEW ECONOMIC POLICY in the CLOSING DAYS of the TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE Author(S) Honjo, Eijiro Citation Kyoto University Ec
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE CLOSING DAYS Title OF THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE Author(s) Honjo, Eijiro Citation Kyoto University Economic Review (1929), 4(2): 52-75 Issue Date 1929-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/125185 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University 1 Kyoto University Economic Review MEMOIRS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS IN THE IMPERIAL. UNIVERSITY OF KYOTO VOLUME IV 1929 PUBUSIIED bY THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS IN 'fHR IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KYOTO THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE CLOSING DAYS OF THE TOKUGAW A SHOGUNATE The period of about 260 years following the Keicho and Genna eras (1596-1623) is called either the Tokugawa period or the age of the feudal system based on the centralisation of power; but, needless to say, the situation in this period, as in other periods, was subject to a variety of changes. Especially in and after the middle part of the Tokugawa Shogunate, commerce and industry witnessed considerable development, currency was widely circulated and the chanin class, or commercial interests, gained much influence in consequence of the growth of urban districts. This led to the development of the currency economy in addition to the land economy already existing, a new economic power thus coming into being besides the agrarian economic power. Owing to this remarkable economic change, it became im· possible for the samurai class to maintain their livelihood, and for the farming class to support the samurai class as under the old economic system, with the result that these classes had to bow to the new economic power and look to the chiinin for financial help. -
The Quest for Civilization
The Quest for Civilization <UN> Simon Vissering (1818–1888). Collection of Universiteit Leiden. The Quest for Civilization Encounters with Dutch Jurisprudence, Political Economy, and Statistics at the Dawn of Modern Japan By Ōkubo Takeharu Translated by David Noble LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Cover illustration: Leyden (Breestraat), ca. 1850, by Bruining, T.C., Bos, G.J. and Trap, P.W.M. Collection of Regionaal Archief Leiden. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Takeharu, Okubo. [Kindai Nihon no seiji koso to Oranda. English] The quest for civilization : encounters with Dutch jurisprudence, political economy, and statistics at the dawn of modern Japan / by Okubo Takeharu ; translated by David Noble. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24536-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Political science--Japan--History--19th century. 2. Japan--Civilization--Dutch influences. I. Title. JA84.J3O38713 2014 320.0952’09034--dc23 2014020024 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. isbn 978-90-04-24536-5 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-24537-2 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
A Handbook for Women's Tea in the Nineteenth Century
Chapter 3 A Handbook for Women’s Tea in the Nineteenth Century ecords of tea gatherings show that female attendants occasionally accompanied their mistresses at these Revents (discussed in chapter 1). At tea gatherings, women usually sat alongside men, both those from the same household and out- siders. These gatherings were thus a space in which female attendants could interact socially with others in a household-based network of tea practice. High-ranking wives who were tea practitioners themselves may have expected their female attendants also to be proficient at the art. Perhaps prospective employees may have had to demonstrate their abil- ity to do tea at their interview. Lessons may have been given to atten- dants within the household from a tea master or an experienced female practitioner. On sugoroku board games, depictions of attendants engag- ing in tea practice suggest that private study of tea could be part of the lives of female attendants in elite households. Who were the women who went into service at elite households, and what did being in service entail? This chapter addresses these questions and examines the motiva- tions for women to enter into service, before moving on to discuss the connection between tea culture and service specifically. The chapter concludes with a case study of tea practice among women of the Ii household in the nineteenth century. The handbook for women’s tea penned by Oguchi Shōō in the eighteenth century was pri- vately circulated among like-minded samurai tea practitioners in manu- script form. In the nineteenth century, the daimyo and tea master Ii Naosuke transcribed and amended his own copy of A Woman’s Hand- book, which he circulated among the women of his household, including family members and female attendants. -
Global Regents Review Packet 16-B
GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B - PAGE 1 of 24 THIS IS GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B THE TOPICS OF STUDY IN THIS PACKET ARE: • JAPAN’S TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE • THE MEIJI RESTORATION • JAPANESE IMPERIALISM GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B - PAGE 2 of 24 JAPAN’S TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan; FEUDALISM provided SOCIAL STABILITY; Know the social structure of feudal Japan: (Emperor>Shogun>Daimyo>Samurai>Peasants & Artisans>Merchants); Samurai = WARRIORS, they followed the CODE OF BUSHIDO; The Tokugawa shoguns ISOLATED JAPAN; geographic isolation often leads to the strengthening of traditional culture; Japanese isolation ended when Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open up trade with the West. • The Tokugawa shoguns gained control of Japan in the 1600s. Tokugawa = the name of the family that ruled Japan from 1603 – 1868 shogun = the leader of Japanʼs military—this job was hereditary (it was inherited) The term shogunate refers to the Japanese government during the era it was ruled by Tokugawa shoguns. • The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan. Feudalism is a system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty. FEUDALISM can be described as a DECENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEM that also provides SOCIAL STABILITY (or social structure). For this reason, feudalism is sometimes referred to as a both a political system and a social system. The Global Regents Exam often compares Japanese (Tokugawa) feudalism to Medieval European feudalism. In both Japan and Europe, emperors and kings were to weak to prevent invasions or stop internal disputes. Feudalism provided a way for rulers to preserve law and order (see Regents Review Packet #5 for more on European feudalism).