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Dai Mercati Illeciti All'economia Legale:Il Portafoglio Della Criminalità

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Dai Mercati Illeciti All'economia Legale:Il Portafoglio Della Criminalità 2 With the financial support of the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme European Commission - Directorate-General Home Affairs Project OCP has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Dai mercati illeciti all’economia legale:il portafoglio della criminalità organizzata in Europa Traduzione in italiano di alcuni capitoli selezionati del rapporto finale del Progetto OCP – Organised Crime Portfolio (HOME/2011/ISEC/AG/FINEC/4000002220) - www.ocportfolio.eu Titolo originale: From illegal markets to legitimate businesses: the portfolio of organised crime in Europe Final Report of Project OCP – Organised Crime Portfolio A cura di Ernesto U. Savona e Michele Riccardi Autori dei capitoli contenuti nella versione in italiano (in ordine alfabetico): Monica Angelini Francesco Calderoni Diana Camerini Jeltsje Cusveller Marco Dugato Luca Giommoni Marina Mancuso Michele Riccardi Cristina Soriani Priscilla Standridge Citazione corretta del rapporto originale: Savona Ernesto U. & Riccardi Michele (Eds.). 2015. From illegal markets to legitimate businesses: the portfolio of organised crime in Europe. Final Report of Project OCP – Organised Crime Portfolio. Trento: Transcrime – Università degli Studi di Trento. ISBN 978-88-8443-595-8 Transcrime – Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano – Università degli Studi di Trento Milan office (headquarters): Largo Gemelli 1 – 20123, Milan (Italy) www.transcrime.it 4 Questo rapporto contiene la traduzione in italiano di alcuni capitoli selezionati del rapporto finale in inglese del Progetto OCP, disponibile sul sito www.ocportfolio.eu. La presente traduzione si concentra sui capitoli riguardanti l’analisi del contesto europeo e di quello italiano, con particolare riferimento allo studio dei mercati illeciti, degli investimenti della criminalità organizzata nell’economia legale e della confisca dei beni in Europa e in Italia. La versione completa del rapporto OCP, in inglese, copre 7 paesi europei ed in particolare, oltre all’Italia, la Finlandia, la Francia, l’Irlanda, i Paesi Bassi, la Spagna e il Regno Unito. Per maggiori dettagli sugli aspetti metodologici dell’analisi si rimanda all’Appendice metodologica in inglese disponibile sul sito del progetto (www.ocportfolio.eu). Indice Indice ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduzione ............................................................................................................................................ 26 2. Note metodologiche ................................................................................................................................ 31 2.1. Definizioni e classificazioni .............................................................................................................. 31 2.2. Dati, fonti e metodologia di analisi ................................................................................................... 35 PARTE 1: DA DOVE ORIGINANO I PROVENTI CRIMINALI? I MERCATI ILLECITI IN EUROPA ................ 44 3. Mercati illeciti e criminalità organizzata in Europa .................................................................................. 45 3.1. La stima dei mercati illeciti ............................................................................................................... 45 3.2. Gli attori ............................................................................................................................................ 52 3.3. I trend emergenti .............................................................................................................................. 58 3.4. I costi per l’economia e la società .................................................................................................... 60 4. Focus su dieci mercati illeciti .................................................................................................................. 62 4.1. Traffico di droga ............................................................................................................................... 62 4.2. Tratta di esseri umani ...................................................................................................................... 82 4.3. Mercato illecito delle armi da fuoco ................................................................................................. 88 4.4. Traffico illecito di prodotti del tabacco .............................................................................................. 93 4.5. Contraffazione................................................................................................................................ 102 4.6. Gioco d'azzardo e match-fixing ...................................................................................................... 110 4.7. Estorsione ....................................................................................................................................... 115 4.8. Usura ............................................................................................................................................. 120 4.9. Frode .............................................................................................................................................. 124 4.10. Criminalità appropriativa organizzata ............................................................................................ 134 4.11. Italia ............................................................................................................................................... 140 PARTE 2: DOVE FINISCONO I PROVENTI ILLECITI? GLI INVESTIMENTI DELLA CRIMINALITÀ ORGANIZZATA NELL’ECONOMIA LECITA EUROPEA ................................................................................ 154 5. Gli investimenti della criminalità organizzata in Europa ....................................................................... 155 5.1. Geografia degli investimenti della criminalità organizzata ............................................................. 155 5.2. Tipi di beni ...................................................................................................................................... 161 5.3. Settori economici ........................................................................................................................... 164 5.4. Attori ............................................................................................................................................... 171 5.5. Elementi trainanti e osservazioni conclusive ................................................................................. 179 5.6. Italia ............................................................................................................................................... 183 PARTE 3: COSA VIENE CONFISCATO? LA CONFISCA DEI PROVENTI CRIMINALI IN EUROPA .......... 205 6. Il quadro normativo: la confisca in Europa ............................................................................................ 206 6.1. Introduzione ................................................................................................................................... 206 6 6.2. Una rassegna del processo di confisca in Europa ........................................................................ 207 6.3. Italia ............................................................................................................................................... 210 7. Valutazione della disponibilità di dati sui beni confiscati in Europa ...................................................... 215 7.1. La disponibilità di dati sui beni confiscati in Europa ...................................................................... 215 7.2. Risultati di un’indagine nei paesi europei ...................................................................................... 217 8. Approfondimento: beni confiscati in sette paesi europei ...................................................................... 223 8.1. Analisi comparativa ........................................................................................................................ 223 8.2. Italia ............................................................................................................................................... 229 9. Conclusioni ............................................................................................................................................ 241 Sintesi dei risultati ................................................................................................................................. 241 9.1. ............................................................................................................................................................. 241 9.2. Implicazioni di ricerca e di policy ................................................................................................... 244 10. Bibliografia ........................................................................................................................................
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