Autopore™ IV Series Automated Mercury Porosimeters Fast and Accurate Porosimety Analyses

AutoPore™ IV Series Automated Mercury Porosimeters Fast and Accurate Porosimety Analyses

AutoPore IV Series Automated Mercury Porosimeters

The term “porosimetry” is often used to Wide Variety of Benefits Four Models include the measurements of pore size, • Controlled pressure can increase in The AutoPore IV Series is available in four volume, distribution, density, and other increments as fine as 0.05 psia from 0.2 models to best match the needs of individual porosity-related characteristics of a material. to 50 psia. This allows detailed data to be quality assurance and research labs. Porosity is especially important in under- collected in the macropore region. AutoPore IV 9520: 2 high-pressure (60,000 standing the formation, structure, and psia maximum pressure) and 4 low-pressure potential use of many substances. The • A quick-scan mode allows a continuous analysis ports porosity of a material affects its physical pressure increase approximating equilib- AutoPore IV 9510: 1 high-pressure (60,000 properties and, subsequently, its behavior in rium and providing faster screening. The psia maximum pressure) and 2 low-pressure its surrounding environment. The adsorption high repeatability and reproducibility of analysis ports and permeability, strength, density, and this method by the AutoPore means that AutoPore IV 9505: 2 high-pressure (33,000 other factors influenced by a substance’s small, but significant, differences psia maximum pressure) and 4 low-pressure porosity determine the manner and fashion between samples will be detected. You analysis ports in which it can be appropriately used. can use this technique to screen a sample for conformity to specification because AutoPore IV 9500: 1 high-pressure (33,000 psia maximum pressure) and 2 low-pressure The mercury porosimetry analysis technique repeatability remains high. analysis ports is based on the intrusion of mercury into a • High-resolution (sub-microliter) porous structure under stringently controlled measurement of intrusion/extrusion pressures. Besides offering speed, accuracy, volumes produces extraordinary precision and a wide measurement range, mercury allowing the development of tighter sample porosimetry permits you to calculate specifications, improved production numerous sample properties such as pore processes, and high-quality research data. size distributions, total pore volume, total • A choice of correction routine for base- pore surface area, median pore diameter, line (automatic, differential, or manual) and sample densities (bulk and skeletal). produces greater accuracy by correcting for compressibility and thermal effects The AutoPore IV Series Mercury caused by high pressure. Porosimeters can determine a broader pore • Choice of pressure ramping methods lets size distribution (0.003 to 360 micrometers) you choose the scanning technique for more quickly and accurately than other high-speed or on-demand results, or methods. These instruments are enhanced equilibration techniques for more accurate with features that enable them to more results with greater detail. accurately gather the data needed to charac- terize the porous structure of solid materials. • The instrument allows the user to They also offer new data reduction and program data collection using a reporting choices that provide more infor- minimum number of data points. mation about pore geometry and the fluid However, during intervals of unex- transport characteristics of the material. pectedly large amounts of intrusion, the AutoPore will automatically collect additional data points. • Choose between three data plot routines constructed of collected data points, a continuous curve plotted from interpolated data, or a combination of points and curves. • A variety of pore volume, pore area, and pore size plots is available as well as the ability to calculate total intrusion volume, total pore (surface) area, median pore diameter, average pore diameter, bulk density, and apparent (skeletal) density. Typical AutoPore IV Applications AutoPore IV Advantages Pharmaceuticals – Porosity and surface area play major roles in the purification, • Ability to measure pore diameters from 0.003 to 360 μm processing, blending, tableting, and packaging • Available with two low- and one high-pressure ports or four low- and two high-pressure of pharmaceutical products as well as a ports for increased sample throughput drug’s useful shelf life, its dissolution rate, • Available in 33,000 psi or 60,000 psi models and bioavailability. • Quiet, high-pressure generating system Ceramics – Pore area and porosity affect • Upgradeable without the need for more lab space the curing and bonding of greenware and • Enhanced data reduction package; includes tortuosity, permeability, compressibility, influence strength, texture, appearance, and density of finished goods. pore-throat ratio, fractal dimension, Mayer-Stowe particle size, and more • Equilibration by sample-controlled, rate of intrusion Adsorbents – Knowledge of pore area, • Operates in scanning and time- or rate-equilibrated modes total pore volume, and pore size distribution • Collects extremely high-resolution data; better than 0.1 μL for mercury intrusion and is important for quality control of industrial extrusion volume adsorbents and in the development of sepa- ration processes. Porosity and surface area • Controlled evacuation prevents powder fluidization characteristics determine the selectivity of an adsorbent. Aerospace – Surface area and porosity of Filtration – Pore size, pore volume, pore heat shields and insulating materials affect shape, and pore tortuosity are of interest to Catalyst – The active pore area and pore weight and function. filter manufacturers. Often, pore shape has structure of catalysts influence production a more direct effect upon filtration than rates. Limiting the pore size allows only Fuel Cells – Fuel cell electrodes require pore size because it strongly correlates with molecules of desired sizes to enter and exit, controlled porosity with high surface area filtration performance and fouling. creating a selective catalyst that will produce to produce adequate power density. primarily the desired product. Construction Materials – Diffusion, Geoscience – Porosity is important in permeability, and capillary flow play Paper – The porosity of print media coating groundwater hydrology and petroleum important roles in the degradation is important in offset printing where it exploration because it relates to the quantity processes in concrete, cement, and affects blistering, ink receptivity, and of fluid that a structure can contain as well other construction materials. ink holdout. as how much effort will be required to extract it. Medical Implants – Controlling the porosity of artificial bone allows it to imitate real bone that the body will accept and allow growth of tissue.

Electronics – By selecting high surface area material with carefully designed pore networks, manufacturers of super-capacitors can minimize the use of costly raw materials while providing more exposed surface area for storage of charge. Broad Choice of Analysis and Report Parameters

Operating Software Data Reduction • Mayer-Stowe Particle Size - Reports equivalent spherical size distributions The AutoPore offers various options for The AutoPore IV generates tabular and obtaining important sample information as graphical reports of percentage pore volume • Pore Tortuosity - Characterizes the quickly as possible and for presenting the vs. diameter, and a summary report of per- efficiency of the diffusion of fluids data in a format which you can design. centage porosity in user-defined size ranges. through a porous material Analysis options include choice of analysis The user has the ability to average several • Material Compressibility - Quantifies variables, equilibration techniques, and analyses and to use the ‘resulting average’ the collapse or compression of the pressure points at which data are collected. analysis as a reference with which to compare sample material After operating conditions for the instrument subsequent analyses. A standard, single, • Pore Number Fraction - Reports the have been chosen, they can be stored as a user-defined analysis may also be entered number of pores in different size classes template and then reapplied to other samples, and used for subsequent comparisons. SPC • Pore-throat Ratio - Reports the ratio of saving time and reducing the potential for reports are available with collected data or pore cavities to pore throats at each human error. user-defined parameters. In addition to the percent porosity filled value standard data reduction methods, the A selection of report options lets you cus- AutoPore IV Series also provides the following: • Pore Fractal Dimensions - Quantifies the tomize many aspects of the data pages. You fractal geometry of a material can select a specific range of data to be used • Permeability - Reports the ability of the in calculations; arrange columns of tabular sample to transmit fluid data; select cumulative, incremental, or differential plots; scale the X-axis to display in either logarithmic or linear format for pore size; report actual or interpolated data; and select data presentation units such as psia or MPa, diameter or radius, and micrometers or Angstroms.

The AutoPore software includes a full report system for producing publication- quality graphics and user-specified reports.

The pore size distribution of two alumina samples are overlaid to provide a comparison of pore structure. Penetrometer Characteristics Micromeritics also offers a large selection • The computer will not accept keyboard of penetrometer bulbs, volumes, stems, and instructions to overpressurize the system. The penetrometer consists of a sample cup closures designed to fit most sample forms, bonded to a metal-clad, precision-bore, • The high-pressure system is mechanically shapes, porosity, and quantity. The better glass capillary stem. The sample is placed in unable to generate unsafe pressures. the match between the sample, its porosity, the sample cup; during analysis, mercury • A circuit stops the generation of pressure and the measurement range of the sample fills the cup and capillary stem. As pressure in the event of a failure in the computer. cell, the more precise the results. on the filled penetrometer increases, mercury • The operating specifications of the intrudes into the sample’s pores, beginning Safety Systems pressure systems (low = 50 psia, with those pores of largest diameter. The high = 60,000 psia) are well below the mercury moves from the capillary stem The AutoPore features several levels of actual designed safety limits. resulting in a capacitance change between mechanical and electro-mechanical the mercury column inside the stem and the safety devices: metal cladding on the outer surface of the stem. The AutoPore detects very slight The extensive report changes in capacitance (equivalent to a dif- system includes pore ference of less than 0.1 microliter of mercury) structure calculations including Cavity-to- so extraordinary resolution is achieved. Throat Size Ratio, Fractal Dimension, Material Compressibility, and Statistical Process Control reporting.

A convenient data summary is automatically generated with each sample reported.

The material compressibility is easily calculated and may be reported both graphically and in tabular form Additional pore structure using the AutoPore report system. calculations are included in the AutoPore software.

To request a quote or additional product information, visit Micromeritics’ web site at www.micromeritics.com, contact your local Micromeritics sales representative, or our Customer Service Department at (770) 662-3636. Micromeritics Instrument Corporation Micromeritics Ltd. One Micromeritics Drive Unit 2, Chestnut House Norcross, GA 30093-1877 178-182 High Street North USA Dunstable, Bedfordshire LU6 1AT Telephones: ENGLAND U.S. Sales (770) 662-3633 Telephone (+44) (0)1582-475248 International Sales (770) 662-3660 Fax (+44) (0)1582-475252 Fax (770) 662-3696 Micromeritics N.V./S.A. Micromeritics China Eugene Plaskylaan 140B Apt. 5H, No. 1 Building 1030 Brussels Hua-Ao (Epoch) Center BELGIUM No. 31 Zi Zhu Yuan Road Telephone (+32) (0)2-743-39-74 Hai Dian District Fax (+32) (0)2-743-39-79 Beijing 100089 P.R. CHINA Micromeritics SRL Telephone (+86) (0)10-6848-9371 Via W. Tobagi n. 26/7 Fax (+86) (0)10-6848-9371 20068 Peschiera Borromeo Milano Micromeritics France S.A. ITALY Parc Alata Telephone (+39) (0)2 553 02833 Rue Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Fax (+39) (0)2 553 02843 F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte FRANCE Telephone (+33) (0)3 44 64 60 80 Fax (+33) (0)3 44 64 60 89

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