DOCSLIB.ORG

Ceramic Powders Characterization: Results of an International Laboratory Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ceramic Powders Characterization: Results of an International Laboratory Study United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technol NAT L INST. OF STAND & TECH R.I.C. NIST Special Pumcation 879 Ceramic Powders Characterization: Results of an International Laboratory Study S. G. Malghan and S. M. Hsu, Editors QC 100 .U57 NO. 879 1995 The National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below. For more information contact the Public Inquiries Desk, 301-975-3058. Office of the Director Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory • Advanced Technology Program • Precision Engineering • Quality Programs • Automated Production Technology • International and Academic Affairs • Intelligent Systems • Manufacturing Systems Integration Technology Services • Fabrication Technology • Manufacturing Extension Partnership • Standards Services Electronics and Electrical Engineering • Technology Commercialization Laboratory • Measurement Services • Microelectronics • Technology Evaluation and Assessment • Law Enforcement Standards • Information Services • Electricity • Semiconductor Electronics Materials Science and Engineering • Electromagnetic Fields' Laboratory • Electromagnetic Technology' • Intelligent Processing of Materials • Optoelectronics' • Ceramics • Materials Reliability' Building and Fire Research Laboratory • Polymers • Structures • Metallurgy • Building Materials • Reactor Radiation • Building Environment • Fire Safety Chemical Science and Technology • Fire Science Laboratory • Biotechnology Computer Systems Laboratory • Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics • Office of Enterprise Integration • Analytical Chemical Research • Information Systems Engineering • Process Measurements^ • Systems and Software Technology • Surface and Microanalysis Science • Computer Security • Thermophysics^ • Systems and Network Architecture • Advanced Systems Physics Laboratory • Electron and Optical Physics Computing and Applied Mathematics • Atomic Physics Laboratory • Molecular Physics • Applied and Computational Mathematics^ • Radiometric Physics • Statistical Engineering^ • Quantum Metrology • Scientific Computing Environments^ • Ionizing Radiation • Computer Services • Time and Frequency' • Computer Systems and Communications^ • Quantum Physics' • Information Systems 'At Boulder, CO 80303. ^Some elements at Boulder, CO 80303. NIST Special Publication 879 Ceramic Powders Characterization: Results of an International Laboratory Study S. G. Malghan and S. M. Hsu, Editors Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 Contributors: R. Munro and L.-S. H. Lum, NIST A. L. Dragoo, DOE H. Hausner, TUB, Germany R. Pompe, SCI, Sweden July 1995 U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary Technology Administration Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Arati Prabhakar, Director National Institute of Standards U.S. Government Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent and Technology Washington: 1995 of Documents Special Publication 879 U.S. Government Printing Office Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Washington, DC 20402 Spec. Publ. 879 510 pages (July 1995) CODEN: NSPUE2 This report is the result of a cooperative program on ceramics for Heat Engines and other conservation applications by the Department of Energy. The research was partly sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, as part of the Ceramic Technology Project of the Propulsion System Materials Program, under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. FORWARD Reproducible manufacturing of high quality advanced ceramics components requires the use of powders having high purity, and consistent physical and chemical properties. The development and use of technically sound powder characterization methods is one of the ways to accomplish reproducibility in manufacturing. In addition, rapid commercialization of the advanced ceramics can be accomplished by reaching a consensus on the measurement methods on an international -scale since the raw materials and their processing to manufacture ceramic components is carried out in different countries. Instead of carrying out the required research in individual countries , the United States, Germany and Sweden joined hands in 1979 under the auspices of the International Energy Agency to initiate a collaborative research program on advanced ceramics for high performance engines and other energy conservation applications In 1984, under the far-sighted leadership of Messers Al Chesnes , and Robert Schulz, Office of Transportation Systems in DoE, Mr. Ed Lenoe of the U.S. Army Materials Command in Watertown, MA, an international cooperative study on advanced ceramics was launched. With the inputs of the U.S. industries, an agreement was formulated under the auspices of the International Energy Agency, lEA, and the countries involved were the United States, Germany, and Sweden. The agreement is called "Implementing agreement for a program of research and development of high temperature materials for automotive engines". The U.S. Department of Energy is the Operating Agent for the agreement, with the Kernforschunganlage Julich GmbH in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Swedish National Board for Technical Development as the counterparts for the agreement. The initial technical management was carried out by the U.S. Army Materials Command under contract to DoE. This was changed to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1987. The research in this report was conducted under the lEA Annex II Subtask 2 agreement. The objective of this task was to study the various characterization methods on ceramic powders. The study was coordinated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with U.S. Department of Energy. This report represents the combined efforts of many people in 25 organizations who participated in the ceramic powders interlaboratory comparison project. It also represents a landmark for international cooperation in the fast growing technology. We would like to express our sincere thanks to all who participated in the project, especially the national technical leaders: Dr. Alan Dragoo of the United States, Prof. Hausner of Germany, and Dr. Robert Pompe of Sweden. To the readers of this report, this document is the first of its kind, and is the most comprehensive compilation of fine ceramic powder properties to date. In the future, we plan to prepare reports on the subsequent Subtasks 6 and 8. Stephen M. Hsu Subhas G . Malghan PARTICIPANTS* Chairman, Sub task 2 Stephen M. Hsu Technical Leader for the United States Alan L. Dragoo Technical Leader for Federal Republic of Germany Hans Hausner Technical Leader for Sweden Robert Pompe Participants from the United States Richard R. Hengst AC Spark Plug Division of General Motors Elise Hersenhart, Nancy Fitzgerald Alcoa Technical Center Bernard J . Busovne Allied- Signal Aerospace Company Wolfgang Boecker Carborundum Company Lawrence P. Boesch, Jo Meglen Engineering and Economics Research H. Fred Linebarger Elkem Materials Gary M. Crosbie Ford Motor Company Samuel Natansohn, Francis X. Pink GTE Laboratories Marc Freedman NASA Lewis Research Center Alan L. Dragoo, Subhas G. Malghan, Stephen M. Hsu NIST William Andruchow, Param Tewari, Kamal E. Amin Norton Company Mark A. Janney Oak Ridge National Laboratory Theresa M. Resetar, James W. McCauley U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory Participants from the Federal Republic of Germany Gerhard Franz Bayer AG W. Kraft Robert Bosch GmbH Gangolf W. Kriechbaum Degussa AG Gerhard Rehfeld Dynamit Nobel Schwetz, Peter Matje Electroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH Rolf Priimmer Fraunhofer- Inst i tut fur Werkstoffmechanik Jiirgen Heinrich Hochst CeramTec AG A. Naoumidis KFA Julich GmbH Albert Kerber Lonza Werke GmbH G. Schwier Hermann C. Starck Berlin GmbH Hans Hausner, Wolfgang Genthe Technische Universitat Berlin 3. Participants from Sweden Michael Hatcher KemaNord Indus trikemi AB Robert Pompe Swedish Ceramic Institute ^Affiliation of participants was during the period in which this Subtask was implemented. iv . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microreport the Science and Technology of Small Particles™ M I C R O M E R I T I C S I N S T R U M E N T C O R P O R a T I O N Volume 18 No
    E H T microReport The Science and Technology of Small Particles™ M ICRO M ERITICS I NSTRU M ENT C ORPORATION VOLUME 18 NO. 2 In This Issue Micromeritics Proudly Announces Its Second Micromeritics Proudly Announces Its Second Instrumentation Grant Award Instrumentation Award AutoChem II 2920 Awarded Winner to the University of South Carolina .............................1 icromeritics re- Mcently launched Micromeritics Appoints New an Instrument Grant Manager of Market Program that is in- Development..................... 2 tended to provide particle characteriza- Scientific Theory Posters tion instruments to are Now Available..............3 non-profit universities and research organi- Micromeritics Extensive zations for the pur- Bibliography Surpasses pose of fostering and 25,000 Downloads supporting meritori- AutoChem II 2920 600 papers added since ous research projects. Chemisorption Analyzer January 2007.................. 3 The initial grant was awarded to the Berkeley Catalysis Center at the Pulse Chemisorption University of California-Berkeley. Dr. Alan Katz, the with AutoChem II 2920: principle investigator intends to use the instrument Isopropylamine on Zeolites (an AutoChem 2920) to determine the concentration Guest article by and acid/base characteristics of catalytic active sites Andrew D’Amico.................4 on solids in a fashion that cannot be accomplished by other techniques. In particular, this will be used What’s New at to investigate the chemisorption of H2, CO, CO2, and Micromeritics Analytical N2O, as well as reactive che- Services ............................6 misorption using hydrogen and alkanes as reductants. Also... After careful consideration of Training Courses...............7 many deserving applications, Events .............................. 7 the special Grant Selection Committee has selected the second grant award winner. An AutoChem II 2920 Cata- lyst Characterization System has been awarded to the De- partment of Chemical Engi- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials Characterization in Pharma
    Materials Characterization in Pharma R&D spending in the pharmaceutical industry through 2015 Particle Size was valued at around $58bn as organisations vied to gain a competitive advantage by bringing new drugs to market Particle size is crucial to dissolution rates, bioavailability, and as quickly as possible[1]. Materials science is now helping stability and other performance factors in solid and suspension [2] pharmaceutical companies to standardize and control areas dosage forms . As part of a CQA process, it’s vital for such as drug form and manufacture to deliver new products manufacturers to explore how particle size affects performance. more quickly and with greater quality. The pharma industry The Micromeritics NanoPlus HD DLS uses dynamic light is increasingly embracing the principles of Quality by Design scattering (DLS) and photon correlation spectroscopy to (QbD) to improve efficiency and ensure good quality and analyse particle size in the range of 0.1 nm to 12.3 pm with reduced variability throughout the drug production process. sample suspension concentrations from 0.00001% to 40%. DLS is also a rapid and cost effective method for What is QbD? measuring the particle by particle surface charge known as zeta potential that controls the stability of suspensions. QbD is defined by The International Conference on Harmonization as “A systematic approach to development Porosity that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, The properties of a tablet are almost entirely defined by the based on sound science and quality risk management.” [2]. The compaction behaviour of excipients during compression. FDA’s process validation (PV) guidance [3] is also important The tablets tendency to break apart (friability), solidity and and adds further clarification, providing a standardised and dissolution behaviour are all attributes that are linked to systematic approach for clinicians, consumers and investors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elzone II 5390
    TheThe Elzone Elzone II II 5390 5390 Particle Count and Size Analyzer Elzone II Overview of Basic Theory • Operates using the Electrical Sensing Zone (ESZ) Principle, also known as the Coulter Principle. • First commercially available Elzone system was introduced in 1963. • Fully compliant to the ISO 13319 Standard - Determination of Particle Size Distributions- Electrical Sensing Zone Method, as well as numerous ASTM methods. • Technology has been standardized for use in automated blood cell counters as well as a characterization method for many biological and industrial products. • Thousands of references for the use of various Electrical Sensing Zone models documented. • The highest resolution technology available for particle counting and sizing. Elzone II Overview of Basic Theory • Individual Particle Size and Concentration are Measured. Not calculated. • Particle size is represented as the equivalent spherical volume diameter. • Operation is not affected bycolor of sample or refractive indexes (as is when using other analytical methods). • Capable of performing count and size of very low concentration samples if necessary. • Particle concentration is determined using an accurate metering device. • Dynamic size measurements are made in real time. • Capable of performing analyses with samples suspended in an aqueous buffer solution or hazardous diluents. Elzone II Overview of Basic Theory • Particles suspended in an electrolyte solution are drawn through a small aperture. Across the aperture a voltage is applied. This creates the “sensing zone.” • Particles passing through the aperture displace a volume of electrolytic solution equal to the particle’s own volume. • Displaced electrolyte causes a change in resistance across the aperture resulting in a voltage pulse. • Pulse intensity is proportional to the particle volume.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Potential Microbial Processes In An Ancient Martian Environment, An Investigation Into Bio-Signature Production And Community Ecology Thesis How to cite: Curtis-Harper, Elliot (2017). Potential Microbial Processes In An Ancient Martian Environment, An Investigation Into Bio-Signature Production And Community Ecology. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2017 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000cc45 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Potential microbial processes in an ancient martian environment, an investigation into bio- signature production and community ecology Elliot Curtis-Harper B.Sc. Natural Sciences (Hons) A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Astrobiology April 2017 Department of Physical Sciences The Open University UK i Declaration The research described herein was funded by STFC (Science and Technologies Funding Council) and conducted at The Open University. All of the research carried out in this thesis is my own original research, with the following exceptions: • MiSeq sequencing (Chapters 2 and 3). Conducted by a bioinformatics company (Research and Testing Laboratory, Lubbock, Texas). All subsequent bioinformatic analyses was conducted myself. • XRF analysis (Chapter 3).
    [Show full text]
  • Whitepaper an Introduction to Nldft Models for Porosity Characterization Whitepaper
    WHITEPAPER AN INTRODUCTION TO NLDFT MODELS FOR POROSITY CHARACTERIZATION WHITEPAPER AN INTRODUCTION TO NLDFT MODELS FOR POROSITY CHARACTERIZATION Non-local density functional theory (NLDFT) models In gas adsorption, DFT is used to model the properties of are used to determine the porosity of a sample – pore the sorptive fluid, typically nitrogen, confined in porous size and pore size distribution – from measured gas solids [1-2]. adsorption isotherms. Here we provide simple, easy- to-understand answers to frequently asked questions Work to apply DFT to adsorption isotherms began in relating to this topic, supplying the background the 1980s with the work of Seaton et al. [3] who first understanding needed for effective application of this proposed a procedure for determination of the pore powerful mathematical tool. size distribution of porous carbons from adsorption isotherms and a simple DFT model. In this procedure the pore size distribution is obtained as a solution of What is DFT? And NLDFT? the adsorption integral equation. Specifically, the aim Density functional theory (DFT) is a mathematical was to effectively describe the non-homogeneous method or tool used in quantum physics to determine fluid behavior associated with phase changes that occur an approximate solution to the Schrödinger equation when fluids are constrained by walls, capillaries and slits. for a multi-bodied system. Let’s unpack that somewhat Scientists from Micromeritics were pioneers in this area complex sentence to relate DFT to the practicalities of and worked extensively on improving the application of gas adsorption studies. DFT around this time [4-6]. By 1993, those leading the way had recognized the superiority of using non-local In simple terms, the solution of Schrödinger’s equation density approximations, a refinement of DFT, for gas is a probability function called a wave function that adsorption analysis, and the application of non-local describes the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain DFT (NLDFT) progressed steadily from this time [6-7].
    [Show full text]
  • Lead and Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility Following Sorption on Oxide Mineral Surfaces
    LEAD AND ARSENIC SPECIATION AND BIOACCESSIBILITY FOLLOWING SORPTION ON OXIDE MINERAL SURFACES Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Douglas Gerald Beak, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Nicholas Basta, Co Advisor Dr. Samuel Traina, Co Advisor _________________________ Co Advisor Dr. Harold Walker Dr. Kirk Scheckel _________________________ Co Advisor Soil Science Graduate Program ABSTRACT The risk posed from incidental ingestion of arsenic-contaminated or lead- contaminated soil may depend on sorption of arsenate (As(V)) or lead (Pb(II)) to oxide surfaces in soil. Arsenate or lead sorbed to ferrihydrite, corundum, and birnessite model oxide minerals were used to simulate possible effects of ingestion of soil contaminated with As(V) or Pb(II). Arsenate or lead sorbed oxides were placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to ascertain the bioaccessibility of As(V) or Pb(II) and changes in As(V) or Pb(II) surface speciation. The speciation of As or Pb was determined using EXAFS and XANES analysis. The As(V) adsorption maximum was found to be 7.04 g kg-1, and 0.47 g kg-1 for ferrihydrite and corundum, respectively. The bioaccessible As(V) for ferrihydrite ranged form 0 to 5 % and for corundum ranged from 0 to 16 %. The surface speciation for ferrihydrite and corundum was determined to be binuclear bidentate. These results for As(V) sorbed to ferrihydrite and corundum suggest that the bioaccessibility of As(V) is related to the As(V) concentration, and the As(V) adsorption maximum.
    [Show full text]
  • Particle Size and Particle Shape
    4356 Communications Drive Norcross, GA 30093 USA Telephone: 770.662.3660 Fax: 678.348.7565 Email: [email protected] Particle Size and Particle Shape Laser Light Scattering - Mie and Fraunhofer Theories 520 - 00 Aqueous - based dispersion (ISO 13320).......................................................................................................$250 520 - 01 Non-aqueous - based dispersion (ISO 13320 )..............................................................................................$250 520 - 50 Dry dispersion (ISO 13320) using Malvern Mastersizer.................................................................................$250 X- Ray Sedimentation - Stokes’ Law 510 - 00 Aqueous and non-aqueous based dispersion (ISO 13317 - 3) (Requires density 133 - 00 prior to analysis)................................................................................................$250 Electrical Sensing Zone - “Coulter principle” 538 - 00 Aqueous and non-aqueous based dispersion (ISO 13319)..........................................................................$300 538 - 02 Particle Size Distribution plus particle concentration analysis (ISO 13319)................................................$325 538 - 50 Emission stack testing, particle size analysis of fly ash particles collected on filters (ISO 13319).......................................................................................................................................$325 Particle Shape Analysis 005 - 80 Particle shape using Wet dispersion and Dynamic
    [Show full text]
  • Microreport M I C R O M E R I T I C S I N S T R U M E N T C O R P O R a T I O N Volume 23 No
    E H T microReport M ICRO M ERITICS I NSTRU M ENT C ORPORATION VOLUME 23 NO. 1 Micromeritics’ New 3Flex - Versatile High- Throughput Surface Area, Mesopore, and Micropore Surface Characterization The 3FlexTM Surface Characterization Analyzer is a fully automated, three-station instrument capable of high-throughput surface area and pore size analyses In This Issue with superior accu- racy, resolution, and MicroActiveTM Micromeritics’ New 3Flex ............. 1 data reduction. Each Particulate Systems NanoPlus analysis station is DLS Nano Particle Size and Zeta upgradeable from Potential Analyzer .................... 3 mesopore to micro- pore with its own Micromeritics to Showcase its transducers for cur- Extensive Line of Materials rent or future high- Characterization Instruments and throughput needs. A Services at Pittcon 2013 .............. 4 single 3Flex with its Guest Article “Carbon Dioxide minimal footprint and three configurable analysis stations eliminates Characterization of Carbons with the costly investment in multiple instruments and additional bench space. TriStar II 3020” .............................. 6 The 3Flex provides a remarkable savings on analysis time compared to a single- or two-station instrument. Micropore ports include kryp- Particle Characterization Solutions ton capability for low surface area materials. Heated vapor analysis for Appearance and Structure capability is standard and an extended-range vapor option is also Assessment of Lyophilized available. Biopharmaceutical Compounds ... 8 Capturing the filling of micropores can be a challenge because, at Micromeritics Analytical Services cryogenic temperatures, micropores begin to fill at very low pressures Article: “Physical Characterization of (around 10-6 torr). A single dose of gas, such as nitrogen, could com- Shale,” News and Events ........... 9 pletely fill micropores such as those contained in zeolites.
    [Show full text]
  • Micromeritics Training Center
    MICROMERITICS PRODUCT BROCHURE www.micromeritics.com PHYSISORPTION Carefully engineered to perform surface area and porosity measurements, the physisorption line of instruments determines the quality and utility of a wide range of materials. Though different materials can appear to be identical, variations in the surface area and porosity can greatly influence the material’s performance characteristics. Micromeritics offers a large selection of gas sorption analyzers that will fulfill demanding requirements for determining surface area and porosity. MICROMERITICS Low Surface Area Sample Ports Pore Size Range Measurement micro meso 3Flex micro meso ASAP 2020 micro* meso TriStar II micro* meso Gemini VII ASAP 2420 micro meso * Micropore analysis can be performed on the TriStar II and Gemini VII with the use of CO2 The 3Flex is a fully automated, three-station instrument capable of high- throughput surface area, mesopore, and micropore analyses with superior accuracy, resolution, and data reduction and reporting versatility. Each analysis station is upgradeable from mesopore to micropore with its own set of pressure transducers. • Three independently configurable analysis stations • Micropore stations include krypton capability for low surface area materials – vapor is standard and an extended-range vapor option is available • Ultra-clean, leak-free operation with pneumatically actuated, hard seal valves • Interactively evaluate isotherm data with MicroActive software and user-defined reporting options – reduces time required to obtain surface area and porosity results • Innovative dashboard monitors and provides convenient access to real-time performance indicators and maintenance scheduling information The ASAP 2020 can obtain high-quality data for research and quality control applications and is designed to provide surface area, porosity, and chemical adsorption data to materials analysis laboratories.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemisorb 2750
    ChemiSorb 2750 Operator’s Manual 275-42805-01 April 2009 © Micromeritics Instrument Corporation 2004-2009. All rights reserved. WARRANTY MICROMERITICS INSTRUMENT CORPORATION warrants for one year from the date of shipment each instrument it manufactures to be free from defects in material and workmanship impairing its usefulness under normal use and service conditions except as noted herein. Our liability under this warranty is limited to repair, servicing and adjustment, free of charge at our plant, of any instrument or defective parts when returned prepaid to us and which our examination discloses to have been defective. The purchaser is responsible for all transportation charges involving the shipment of materials for war- ranty repairs. Failure of any instrument or product due to operator error, improper installation, unauthorized repair or alteration, failure of utilities, or environmental contamination will not constitute a warranty claim. The materials of construction used in MICROMERITICS instruments and other products were chosen after extensive testing and experience for their reliability and durability. However, these materials cannot be totally guaranteed against wear and/or decomposition by chemical action (corrosion) as a result of normal use. Repair parts are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for 90 days from the date of shipment. No instrument or product shall be returned to MICROMERITICS prior to notification of alleged defect and authorization to return the instrument or product. All repairs or replacements are made subject to factory inspec- tion of returned parts. MICROMERITICS shall be released from all obligations under its warranty in the event repairs or modifications are made by persons other than its own authorized service personnel unless such work is authorized in writing by MICROMERITICS.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrated Study of the Ceramic Processing of Yttria James Alan Voigt Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1986 An integrated study of the ceramic processing of yttria James Alan Voigt Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Voigt, James Alan, "An integrated study of the ceramic processing of yttria " (1986). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8045. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8045 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec­ tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu­ ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Gemini VII 2390 Surface Area Analyzer
    Gemini VII 2390 Surface Area Analyzer Gemini VII Bibliography of Peer-Reviewed Papers 2013 Title Author / Publication Citation ..measurements of MWCNTs (before and after gelation) were evaluated using a Surface Area and ‘Bucky gel’ of multiwalled carbon Pore Size Analyzer (Gemini-V, Micromeritics, USA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of pristine and nanotubes as electrodes for high Manoj K Singh / Yogesh Kumar / S A Hashmi , Nanotechnology, 24 (46), p.465704, Nov gelled MWCNTs were recorded with a high- performance, flexible electric double 2013 resolution... layer capacitors ..samples were measured via N 2 adsorption at −196 °C on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer 3DOM InVO 4 -supported chromia with with the samples outgassed at 300 Wang, Yuan / Dai, Hongxing / Deng, Jiguang °C...microscopic (SEM) images of the samples good performance for the visible-light- / Liu, Yuxi / Arandiyan, Hamidreza / Li, were recorded on a Gemini Zeiss Supra 55 driven photodegradation of rhodamine Xinwei / Gao, Baozu / Xie, Shaohua, Solid apparatus (operating at 10 kV). Transmission... State Sciences, 24, p.62-70, Oct 2013 B ..adsorption study Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms were recorded at −196 °C on a Micromeritics automatic surface area analyzer A completely solvent-free process for Hoashi, Yohei / Tozuka, Yuichi / Takeuchi, (Gemini 2375, Shimadzu). Samples were heated at the improvement of erythritol Hirofumi, International Journal of 100 °C for 12 h under vacuum before Pharmaceutics, 455 (1-2), p.132-137, Oct measurement... compactibility 2013 ..of the samples were determined using the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms Ding, Yi / Yin, Guangfu / Liao, Xiaoming / recorded at 77.4 K using a Micromeritics Gemini A convenient route to synthesize SBA- Huang, Zhongbing / Chen, Xianchun / Yao, analyser.
    [Show full text]