Microreport the Science and Technology of Small Particles™ M ICROMERITICS I NSTRUMENT C ORPORATION VOLUME 15 NO

THE microReport The Science and Technology of Small Particles™ M ICROMERITICS I NSTRUMENT C ORPORATION VOLUME 15 NO. 3

In This Issue Micromeritics Analytical Services - The Particle Micromeritics Announces New Laboratory Testing Authority New business unit offers laboratory services...... 1 icromeritics TPR, TPO and TPD is pleased to Examination of Cu0.15Ce0.85 Mannounce the O2-yMixed Oxide Catalyst formation of a new busi- Prepared by Co-precipitation ness unit, Micromeritics Synthesis Analytical Services. This study utilizes the Micromeritics has always AutoChem II ...... 3 supported a Material Analysis Lab where cus- Surface, Colloids, and tomer samples were ana- Nanoscience short course lyzed on a contract basis. Now, to provide our customers with ...... 2 improved support and superior service, we have formed the new business unit that will have its own image and direction for the future. Thermocouple Calibration for The AutoChem- Several key changes have already taken place and more are Thermostar Interface...... 8 planned. We have introduced a brand new web site (www.particletesting.com). We have also completed updating labo- Micromeritics Provides ratory policies and procedures to comply with CGMP guidelines, More Than Instruments and we are now a registered laboratory with the U.S. Food and Micromeritics Sales Drug Administration. Engineers help to solve problems ...... 7 Micromeritics Analytical Services has also applied for a U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency license to perform laboratory tests on Also... controlled substances. Training Courses...... 11 Events...... 11 Our lab is backed by a highly qualified staff of scientists, ana- lysts, and engineers who are committed to providing superior service and support before, during, and after sample analysis. Senior research and application scientists with extensive experience in their respective areas are available to discuss applications and provide useful data interpretation. Regional sales engineers are available around the world with technical knowledge and experience. Mechanical, software, and electrical engineers are available to assist in instrument or software customization for unique sample analyses. Service personnel are on-site ensuring www.micromeritics.com VOL 15 NO 3 VOL 15 NO 3

that analytical instruments New Online Catalog for are at optimum performance so there is no delay in sample Micromeritics Products turnaround. Micromeritics has recently redesigned and updated its online product Micromeritics Analytical catalog. This catalog allows you to request a quotation for our instru- Services operates a state-of- ments, replacement parts, manuals, software, and accessories. Graphics the-art laboratory, equipped help you identify the parts you are looking for. You may browse through with the most current instru- the catalog, select the items you wish to purchase, and submit the quote ments available. The labora- request form. You will receive an email that includes the cost of your tory has access to new tech- order as well as purchasing instructions. nology and new Micromeritics instruments as soon as they You can access the catalog at www.micromeritics.com/catalog become available. In today’s market, major advances in instrument technology occur frequently. If the lab you cur- rently use does not purchase new instrumentation every few years, you may not be receiving the most complete analysis possible.

Micromeritics Analytical Services offers rapid sample turnaround with the highest quality results. Most samples are completed within 5-10 days. We pride ourselves on providing results that are of the highest quality. All results undergo a thorough review process. This means laboratory management, senior scientists, and product specialists must approve Surfaces, Colloids, and Nanoscience the results before they are The University of Washington – Seattle is offering released. a 5-day intensive course For more information or to July 11 – 15, 2005 submit a sample for analysis, visit the recently introduced The science underlying the tal instrumentation for property Micromeritics Analytical present and emerging technolo- measurement and system char- Services website at gies in Surfaces, Colloids, and acterization are discussed and Nanoscience is presented, and demonstrated. www.particletesting.com or call the consequences are traced to 770-662-3630. applied research and practice. More information and forms Areas impacted include fluid- for online registration (or pre- solid systems handling (coating, registration to hold a place) are spinning, spraying, foaming, available at: wicking, printing, etc.), drug development and delivery, food http://faculty.washington.edu/ technology, imaging technology, spc/Short_Course.html and much more. The most up-to- date techniques and experimen-

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TPR, TPO and TPD Examination of

Cu0.15Ce0.85O2-y Mixed Oxide Catalyst Prepared by Co-precipitation Synthesis Albin Pintar*, Jurka Batista, Stanko Hoevar

Laboratory for Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, P.O. Box 660, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia

This is a condensed article submitted to Micromeritics. The full version of this article can be found on our website at www.micromeritics.com/ applications/articles.aspx

Introduction BET, TPR, TPO, and TPD was passed over the samples The use of CeO2 and CeO2-con- Measurements which were heated to 400 °C and taining materials as a component Single-point BET surface area, then held at 400 °C for 1 h. of heterogeneous industrial cata- temperature-programmed reduc- To examine the reproducibility lysts or as a support for transi- tion (TPR) with hydrogen, tem- of TPR profiles after the reoxidation metals is based on superior perature-programmed oxidation tion, the sample was cooled in chemical and physical stability, (TPO) with oxygen, temperature- helium flow to 0 °C at the end of high oxygen mobility, and high programmed desorption (TPD) the TPR-1/TPO cycle and then oxygen vacancy concentrations, of hydrogen, temperature-pro- the second reduction run (TPR-2) which are characteristic for the grammed desorption of oxygen, was carried out under the same fluorite-type oxides (economi- and hydrogen pulse chemisorp- reaction conditions as the first cally and technologically most tion measurements of CuCe-1 run. important application is the use sample were performed by means of ceria in the three-way auto- of an automated catalyst charac- The TPD-H2 was performed fol- motive exhaust catalysts as a terization system (Micromeritics’ lowing the TPR experiments thermal stabilizer and oxygen AutoChem II 2920), which incor- after cooling the reduced sample storage medium [1]). In this porates a thermal conductivity in H2(5 vol. %)/Ar gas mixture work, we report on the charac- detector (TCD). flow to -20 °C. After that the terization of a Cu0.15Ce0.85O2-y TPD-H2 experiment was carried mixed oxide catalyst (prepared The TPR measurements were out up to a temperature of 650 by a co-precipitation method and carried out following activation °C, at which the sample was held will be referred to as CuCe-1) and after cooling the sample for 30 min. TPR, TPO, and TPD. These tech- in helium flow to 0 °C. Then niques will be demonstrated as the TPR experiments were per- The TPD-O2 was carried out an efficient set of tools to obtain formed up to a temperature 400 on the activated sample, which information about the redox °C at which the sample was was cooled in O2(10 vol. %)/He behavior of this solid. This infor- maintained for 30 min. In order gas mixture flow to -20 °C. The mation is important for design- to verify that mass transfer TPD-O2 measurement was per- ing CuO-CeO2 catalysts that limitations do not affect the TPR formed up to a temperature of can replace the expensive noble measurements, we have carried 400 °C, at which the sample was metal catalysts in a number of out TPR experiments at different held for 6 h. The hydrogen pulse down-stream processes, includ- sample loadings (i.e., 0.10 and chemisorption measurements ing the production of H2-rich gas 0.25 g). of CuCe-1 sample were applied streams from fossil and renew- after TPD-O2 measurements to able fuels for use as a fuel for the The TPO experiments were find out whether a chemisorp- proton exchange membrane fuel performed following TPR after tion of hydrogen occurred at cells (PEMFC). cooling the samples in H2(5 vol. temperature close to 0 °C (i.e., %)/Ar flow to 0 °C. After that during TPR runs). The sample O2(10 vol. %)/He gas mixture was degassed and cooled under

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flowing argon to -5 °C, at which consumption of CuCe-1 solid is which is higher than the equiva- pulses of H2 (5 vol. %)/argon larger than the value expected lent stoichiometric total oxygen were injected into a stream of Ar for a complete reduction of the consumption of 15.3 ml O2/gsolid flowing through the sample bed. CuO component to Cu0 (Table (Table 1). 1). The additional hydrogen con- Results and Discussion sumption may be due to surface Subsequently, deconvolution of Interaction of hydrogen with reduction of CeO2 [2]. During TPR profile illustrated in Fig. CuxCe1-xO2-y mixed oxides dur- the reduction process, storage of 1a was performed. Three peaks ing TPR involves the adsorption hydrogen in the oxide, mainly were sufficient to accurately of hydrogen on all active sites of in the bulk (i.e., formation of describe H2 consumption during the cerium oxide surface, storage bronze-like species) and further the reduction of CuCe-1 sample. of hydrogen in the host oxide, reaction of these activated hydro- This suggests that the reduc- and reduction of the CuO com- gen species with the lattice oxy- tion of intermediate Cu+ phases ponent [2]. The qualitative and gen ions at T > 230 ºC can take to Cu0 proceeds much faster in quantitative characterization place [4]. comparison to the Cu2+ → Cu+ of reducibility and reoxidability reduction step. The mathemati- of different types (i.e., well-dis- Fig. 1a shows that the CuCe- cal analysis of TPR profile illus- persed, bulk-like) of copper ions 1 sample starts to be reduced trated in Fig. 1a reveals that the present in the prepared CuCe-1 at temperatures below 100 ºC. storage of H2 into the catalyst mixed oxide are determined by The reduction steps as well as structure occurs in parallel to TPR and TPO measurements the simultaneous incorporation the reduction of CuO (or Cu2O) carried out in the temperature of hydrogen into the catalyst phases. It is interesting to note range from 0 to 400 °C (Figure structure is completed at tem- that the amount of H2 incorpo- 1). Fig. 1a confirms that highly peratures below 250 ºC. Data rated into the catalyst structure, dispersed copper ions in nano- shown in Table 1 confirm that in calculated by means of the per- crystalline Cu0.15Ce0.85O2-y can the performed TPR analysis com- formed deconvolution analysis, be readily reduced and oxidized plete reduction of CuO phases is in good agreement with the at temperatures as low as 200 °C was obtained. At least two peaks results of TPR analysis (Table 1). [3]. The extent of further reoxi- could be distinguished on the dation of Cu0 to Cu2+, partial TPR profile of CuCe-1: a very Fig. 1b shows a profile obtained consumption of hydrogen stored small peak with a maximum at during the TPO analysis of in reduced samples, and storage T = 90 ºC and a large reduction pre-reduced CuCe-1 sample. It of oxygen during the TPO run peak with a maximum at 155 should be noted that no oxygen are illustrated in Fig. 1b. ºC (Fig. 1a). The total hydrogen was consumed at T ≤ 0 ºC. It uptake obtained from the inte- was also verified by means of Evidently, the total hydrogen grated area is 36.2 ml H2/gsolid, pulse chemisorption measure-

Table 1. Results of TPR-1, TPO, TPR-2, TPD-H2 and TPD-O2 analyses of CuCe-1 mixed oxide sample.

Analyses CuCe-1 Analyses CuCe-1 TPR-1 TPD-H2 up to 650� C total H2 uptake, ml/gsolid 36.2 desorbed H2, ml/gsolid 4.7 a stored H 2 (HSC1), ml/gsolid 15.0 (41 %) rest of H2, ml/gsolid 10.3 TPO irreversibly captured H2, % 69 total O2 uptake, ml/gsolid 15.3 TPD-H2 up to 400� C b partial O2 uptake, ml/gsolid 4.8 (31 %) desorbed H2, ml/gsolid 3.9 c remained H2, ml/gsolid 5.4 (36 %) rest of H2, ml/gsolid 11.1 TPR-2 irreversibly captured H2, % 74

total H2 uptake, ml/gsolid 36.2 TPD-O2 up to 400� C stored H 2 (HSC2), ml/gsolid 15.0 desorbed O 2, ml/gsolid 0.8 HSCC, ml/gsolid � 20.4

a Part of H2 consumed for incorporation into the catalyst structure. b Part of O2 consumed in a reaction with H2 stored in the catalyst structure. c Part of H2 stored in the catalyst structure after the completion of TPO analysis.

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ments carried out at T = 0 ºC Figure 1. TPR-1 (a) and TPO (b) profiles of CuCe-1 sample measured in the that no O2 was consumed during temperature range of 0-400º C and predicted by means of deconvolution meth- the preceding detector stabiliza- od. Operating conditions: 50 ml/min (STP), H2(5 vol. %)/Ar (a), O2(10 vol. tion period (5 min), in which a %)/He (b), 5º C/min. Sample weight, 250 mg. The initial state of (b) is fresh catalyst sample was exposed to sample following TPR-1 run, cooling in H2(5 vol. %)/Ar to 0º C and purging at 0º C with pure Ar. Designation of peaks: S – well-dispersed CuO species; the oxygen stream. As Fig. 1b B – bulk-like CuO phase; Ia – H2 incorporation in the catalyst structure; Ib shows, the TPO profile mea- – consumption of H2 incorporated in the catalyst structure during the TPR-1 sured during the reoxidation of analysis. CuCe-1 sample was satisfactorily simulated by assuming the following processes: (i) reoxidation of the well-dispersed Cu phase; (ii) reoxidation of the segregated a Cu phase; (iii) consumption of H2 H2/Ar stored in the catalyst structure. TPR The calculated relative surface areas of peaks belonging to the reoxidation of well-dispersed (17 %) and segregated (83 %) Cu phases, are very close to the corresponding TPR-1 values. Furthermore, the calculated relative surface area of the Ib peak belonging to the consumption of H2 stored in the catalyst structure, equals to 35 %, which is close to 31 %, calculated from the results of TPO analysis (Table 1). It is reported in Table 1 that significant amount of hydrogen (36 %) remained captured in CuCe-1 sample after the completion of TPO analysis conducted in the temperature range of 0-400 ºC. O2/He b TPO The second reduction of catalyst sample examined in this study was performed and compared to those measured during the TPR- 1 analysis. It was found that the TPR-2 profile is shifted towards higher temperatures. This shift is the consequence of substantial decrease of the sample volume (up to one third), which occurred during the TPR-1 analysis. Partially, the shift might be attributed also to the fact that the BET surface area drops con- siderably after TPR-1 analysis (from 44 to 21 m2/g). However, this cumulative effect was less pronounced for the CuCe-1 sample (a temperature shift of only 5 ºC was noted). Interestingly, the same number of peaks (3) was used to satisfactorily simulate

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the TPR-2 profile by means stored in the catalyst during the remains nearly unchanged as of the deconvolution method TPR analysis was chemisorbed. both the total hydrogen con- as was in the case of TPR-1 H2 desorption occurred in a wide sumption and hydrogen storage analysis. Although the BET temperature range, and two capacity remain constant during surface area changes consider- wide peaks are noted. Although successive TPR cycles (TPR-1/ ably during the TPR-1 analysis, high temperature of desorption TPO/TPR-2). In the future, deter- these findings suggest that the was applied, hydrogen was not mination of specific surface area interface between the CuO and completely removed from the of CuO in calcined CuxCe1-x CeO2 phases is not modified structure of CuCe-1 sample, O2-y catalyst as well as disper- significantly. which implies that major part of sion of Cu0 in reduced solid will incorporated H2 is irreversibly be investigated by means of It is evident from Table 1 that chemisorbed in this solid. For selective NO and N2O chemisorp- significant quantities of hydro- illustration, only about 26 % of tion, respectively [5,6]. gen were stored in the struc- hydrogen was desorbed from the ture of CuCe-1 sample during CuCe-1 sample in the tempera- References the TPR-1 analysis. It is also ture interval of 0-400 ºC . [1] A. Trovarelli, Catal. Rev. - Sci. shown that hydrogen initially Eng. 38(4) (1996) 439. incorporated in CuCe-1 sample The TPD-O2 profile of CuCe-1 Krašovec, B. Orel, A.S. Aricó, H. was only partially consumed in sample pre-calcined at 400 ºC Kim, Appl. Catal. B 28 (2000) the subsequent reoxidation step lies in a very short range of TCD 113. conducted in the temperature signals, which alludes that in [2] C. Lamonier, A. Bennani, range of 0-400 ºC. Since the the applied temperature range A. D′Huysser, A. Aboukaïs, G. amounts of hydrogen consumed of 0-400 ºC the examined solid Wrobel, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday during the TPR-1 and TPR-2 exhibits, in comparison to mea- Trans. 92(1) (1996) 131. analyses of CuCe-1 sample sured TPD-H2 values, lower abil- [3] A. Tschöpe, M.L. Trudeau, were found to be equal, this ity for the exchange of oxygen. J.Y. Ying, J. Phys. Chem. B 103 means that the complete hydro- The amount of desorbed oxygen (1999) 8858. gen storage capacity (HSCC) of for given temperature range is [4] J.L.G. Fierro, J. Soria, J. this solid was not achieved in listed in Table 1. It is seen that Sanz, J.M. Rojo, J. Solid State the first reduction step. On the TPD-O2 values are about 3 to 5 Chem. 66 (1987) 154. basis of the performed analysis, times lower compared with TPD- [5] R.M. Dell, F.S. Stone, P.F. it is concluded that the HSCC H2 data obtained in the same Tiley, Trans. Faraday Soc. 49 for CuCe-1 sample is higher temperature range. (1953) 195. than 20.4 ml H2/gsolid. [6] J.C. Kenvin, M.G. White, J. In conclusion, the results of this Catal. 130 (1991) 447. TPD-H2 profiles of pre-reduced study reveal that despite dras- CuCe-1 sample were measured tic drop in specific surface area (Footnotes) at temperatures up to 650 ºC. of fresh CuCe-1 sample after *Corresponding author. This analysis reveals that very the consecutive TPR-H2/TPD- Phone: +386-1-47-60-282; fax: small amount of H2 was physi- H2 treatments, which implies +386-1-47-60-300. E-mail: sorbed on the catalyst surface severe morphological changes of [email protected]. and that the majority of H2 the sample, the redox behavior

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Micromeritics Provides More Than Instruments

he U.S. Sales department In fact the eight Sales Engineers Each of our customers and of Micromeritics is staffed in our U.S. Staff have more than prospects has a direct line to Twith Sales Engineers who 85 years of experience with someone who will be an engaged are charged with the primary Micromeritics - an average of assistant in the event that a responsibility of identifying more than 10 years each! That question or problem should arise. and solving problems faced by is hard to find in the sales staff scientists in the field of par- at any other particle technology Given the investment ticle technology and materials company! Micromeritics makes in our research. In today’s business direct sales staff, their training climate, many companies are In terms of customer support, and support, and our commit- reducing the size and caliber some companies have a handful ment to continue on this course, of their customer support staff. of scientists who may provide we clearly strive to provide more Micromeritics however, remains support from a headquarters value to our customers now and dedicated to providing high-qual- location. But standing behind well into the future. Please let us ity support to customers in pur- our Sales staff, Micromeritics know how we can assist you with suit of solutions. has a significant investment in your particle technology prob- a long-tenured scientific staff lems. We are ready, willing, and The U.S. Sales staff is a key at our headquarters. This staff able to help you find a solution! component of that support. The is comprised of many PhD- and backgrounds of our staff include Masters-level scientists and For more information contact, chemists, engineers, scientists, engineers with signficant back- your local U.S. Sales Engineer or and technicians with a great deal grounds in the various particle Micromeritics U.S. Sales depart- of practical laboratory experi- technology areas, and who are ment at 770-662-3633 or ussales ence. U.S. Sales Engineers are always available to respond to @micromeritics.com rigorously trained when first customer problems or questions. joining Micromeritics, spend- The support provided to our cus- ing many weeks participating tomers is many layers deep. in “hands-on” exposure to our instruments. Likewise, they are What does this mean to you? It versed in the theory of operation means that we think enough of as well as data interpretation so our customers and prospects to that they can provide first-class provide people who can help you support to our customers and solve problems, not waste your prospects. time. We can enter into discus- sions about your particle technol- Each year the U.S. Sales staff ogy needs and identify key areas participates in on-going train- where Micromeritics can be of ing where at least two weeks assistance. We pride ourselves are spent in training at our on our customer satisfaction. A headquarters in Norcross, GA. vast majority of our business is Combining the intensive initial derived from repeat customers. training with on-going training Our sales staff understands that in addition to their vast experi- we must build lasting, beneficial ence makes them well prepared relationships with our customers for the job. and prospects, and strive to be part of their solution team.

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Thermocouple Calibration for the AutoChem - Thermostar Interface

This is an excerpt of the complete procedure which can be found at http://www.micromeritics.com/applications/application_notes.aspx (Application Note 135.

The AutoChem series analyzers • The Minimal X should be may be used to trigger auto- set to -5000 matically the collection of mass • The Maximal X should spectrometer data via an inter- be set to 5000 face cable, which is specifically designed to provide a hardware Thermocouple Configuration interface between the AutoChem The thermocouple signal (Figure and Pfeiffer Vacuum Thermostar 1) is recorded by AI-Channel 1 (or Quadstar). The interface and the following parameters cable has a “Y” configuration. should be updated for the ther- The single connector cable end mocouple calibration: is connected to the Thermostar. The double connector cable end is •AI-Type field should be • Set Outputs - Enable DO1 *** then connected to the AutoChem. changed to T inC • Temperature ramp With the small connector • Unit field should be C - Sample ramp - 25 ºC/min attached to the Analog I/O and • The formula should contain - Temperature - 100 ºC the large connector attached to “X” - Figure 2 - Hold - 10 min the Digital I/O. • The Minimal X should be set • Temperature ramp to -5000 - Sample ramp - 25 ºC/min Pfeiffer Vacuum supplies a suite • The Maximal X should be set - Temperature - 300 ºC of software macros to comple- to 5000 - Hold - 10 min ment the AutoChem cable inter- • Temperature ramp face. These macros used with A thermocouple calibration curve - Sample ramp - 25 ºC/min the Quadstar software allow can now be developed using the - Temperature - 500 ºC AutoChem users full control of AutoChem and the Thermostar. - Hold - 10 min their Thermostar. The Quadstar From the main menu in the • Set Outputs - Disable DO 1 software requires several param- Parset application, select • Stop recording eters to be defined to fully utilize Measure →MID. The displayed • Done this interface and performing a dialog (Figure 3) is used to simple thermocouple calibration specify the signals to be recorded Using the tg-ms software select is the most significant configura- by the Thermostar. For the cali- Run Trend Scan from the Main tion change. bration, right-click on the CH-0 Selection Menu Dialog (Figure State field and select ENABLE; 5). Select the file mstcal and TCD Configuration then right-click on the Det Type also enter a filename mstcal to From the Config menu item and select AI → T inC (Figure save the data (Figure 6). Then select the AI Characterisitic 3). An additional (mass) signal is click on the “Start on Trigger” Curve ... A dialog displaying the also required by the Thermostar, button, the Thermostar is wait- characteristic curves for ana- an example is given in Figure 4. ing for control signals from the log input to the Thermostar is AutoChem. From the AutoChem displayed. The TCD signal is The AutoChem can now be used software select Unit 1 → Start recorded by AI-Channel 0 and to generate the thermocouple Analysis ... and select the the following parameters should calibration data. Open a sample mstcal01.smp file, then use the be updated: file - mstcal01.smp and define a Next button to start the analysis. simple experiment: Data will be recorded by both the • AI-Type field should be AutoChem and the Thermostar, changed to TCD • Experiment example data are shown in • Unit field should be mV - Carrier Flow - Helium 10 Figures 7 and 8. The Thermostar • The formula should contain mlmin signal vs. AutoChem tempera- “X” - Figure 2 • Start recording - 1 second

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Figure 1: The AI-Characteristic Curve converts the voltage signal from the AutoChem to temperature, and the temperature is then associated with the mass spec ion signal.

Figure 3: The Measure → MID dialog is used to define the signals to be monitored and recorded by the Thermostar.

Figure 2: The formula for the AI-Characteristic Curve should be set to “X” for the TCD signal and also to “X” during the thermocouple calibration.

ture plot yields a linear rela- tionship and this equation can then be used to update the AI-1 Characterisitc curve (Figure 9). Future analyses will now contain a temperature signal in addi- Figure 4: Mass signals are required for tion to any mass signals that are the Thermostar to collect data. recorded.

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Figure 5: Main Selection Menu from the TG-MS V5 software provides Un-triggered Runs for manual operation and TG- Figure 7: Typical mV versus time collected using the Triggered Runs for the AutoChem. Thermostar.

Figure 6: The trend scan select dialog Figure 8: Regression results from AutoChem temperature allows users to specify methods and vs AI-1 mV data collected using the Thermostar. destination files for collected data.

Figure 9: Updated AI-1 formula for the Thermostar temperature calibration.

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Micromeritics Instrument Training Courses

Training is provided for most Troubleshooting Training 2005 Micromeritics instrumentation Learn techniques that enable at the time of installation. This you to quickly locate and resolve Saturn DigiSizer® 5200 training presents all the infor- instrument problems. 1/4 - 1/6, 8/16 - 8/18 mation required for a new operator to quickly become proficient Report Generation and operating the instrument. In Comprehension SediGraph 5120 cases where personnel changes Learn to configure reports and 1/11 - 1/13, 8/23 - 8/25 occur or more advanced train- obtain more useful information, as ing is required, Micromeritics well as improve comprehension of AutoPore IV conducts a variety of classes for the reports produced. 2/8 - 2/10, 8/30 - 9/1 many of our instruments. These courses are held at our head- User Maintenance TriStar 3000 quarters in suburban Atlanta, Practice routine maintenance 3/15 - 3/17, 10/11 - 10/13 Georgia. The courses include: procedures which improve operation, reduce downtime, and Gemini V Detailed Operational increase data accuracy. 3/22 - 3/23, 10/4 - 10/5 Procedures Items covered are effective sam- Theory Overview ASAP 2020 Physi ple file creation, use of analysis Learn about the scientific theory 4/5 - 4/7, 11/8 - 11/10 parameters, and manual sample upon which each instrument is entry. You´ll learn how to utilize based and how it applies to the ASAP 2020 Chemi the full power and flexibility of critical factors relevant to suc- 4/12 - 4/14, 11/15 - 11/17 the operating software. cessful sample preparation and analysis performance. AutoChem II Automatic Analysis 5/3 - 5/5, 12/6 - 12/8 Develop correct analysis pro- Enrollment cedures to optimize collection Training courses last from 2 to 3 Elzone 5390 of accurate, reproducible data. days and are designed to provide 6/7 - 6/9, 12/13 - 12/15 Much of the class time is spent hands-on, performance-based performing analyses in a con- instrument knowledge. Small For additional information or trolled, tutorial environment. classes guarantee close individual to register for the class of your attention. Included in the course Systems Utilities choice, contact the Micromeritics materials are a Study Guide, an Discover all of the instrument Training Department at instrument Operator´s Manual, software utilities which help you 770.662.3607. Early registration and other handout materials. manage sample information files is recommended since class space Certificates of Completion are and directories, protect data, is limited. and select system options. also awarded to all trainees.

Events American Association of Pharmaceutical IFPAC - Process Analytical Technology Sciences January 11 - 13, 2005 November 8 - 10, 2004 Crystal Gateway Marriott Baltimore Convention Center Arlington, VA Baltimore, MD International Exposition on Advanced Ceramics PowTex Tokyo & Composites November 9 - 12, 2004 January 25 - 26, 2005 Makuhari Messe Presented by The American Ceramic Society Chiba, Japan Hilton Hotel Cocoa Beach, Florida

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Part No. 008-VM15 #3-MR