Der Coca-Cola-Report Von Foodwatch

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Der Coca-Cola-Report Von Foodwatch DER COCA-COLA- REPORT IMPRESSUM Herausgeber Martin Rücker (V.i.S.d.P.) foodwatch e. V. Brunnenstraße 181 10119 Berlin Fon +49 (0) 30 / 24 04 76 - 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 / 24 04 76 - 26 E-mail [email protected] www.foodwatch.de Spendenkonto foodwatch e. V. GLS Gemeinschaftsbank IBAN DE 5043 0609 6701 0424 6400 BIC GENO DEM 1 GLS Redaktion unter Mitarbeit von Marcus Brian Gestaltung und Grafiken auf den Seiten 37, 38 und 39 puredesign. Annette Klusmann Grafiken und Schaubilder auf den Seiten 12, 13, 16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 32, 33, 34, 41, 43, 47, 48, 49, 51, 57, 82 und 96 Dirk Heider Korrektorat Lektoratsbüro Wortcheck, Berlin Motiv Rückseite Nadia Zerouali / Alamy Stock Photo Redaktionsschluss Februar 2018 DER COCA-COLA-REPORT Über die Verantwortung des Getränke-Giganten für die Epidemie chronischer Erkrankungen. 3 COCA-COLA-REPORT 2018 – NAME DER RUBRIK INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 EINFÜHRUNG UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 6 1.1 Vorwort 6 1.2 Adipositas und Diabetes auf dem Vormarsch 7 1.3 Das Dilemma der Getränkeindustrie 8 1.4 Weshalb die individuelle Verantwortung der 9 Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher begrenzt ist 2 VON A WIE ADIPOSITAS BIS Z WIE ZAHNKARIES: 12 DIE UNRÜHMLICHE ROLLE DER ZUCKERGETRÄNKE 2.1 Übergewicht / Adipositas 13 2.2 Diabetes 16 2.3 Zahnkrankheiten 19 2.4 Nicht-alkoholische Fettleber 21 2.5 Herzkrankheiten 23 2.6 Gicht 25 2.7 Todesursachen 26 2.8 Zusammenfassung 27 3 DAS GESCHÄFT MIT LIMO & CO. 31 3.1 Coca-Cola dominiert den Markt – 31 weltweit und in Deutschland 3.2 Zuckergetränke: ein einträgliches Geschäft 40 3.3 Gesundheitstrend: Sind die süßen Jahre nun vorbei? 42 3.4 Die Profiteure hinter dem süßen Geschäft: 44 Warren Buffett & Co. 3.5 Die Werbestrategie: verstecktes Kindermarketing mit Sportstars und Influencern 48 3.6 Zusammenfassung 59 4 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 4 WAS IST ZU TUN? POLITISCHE 64 MASSNAHMEN FÜR GESUNDE ERNÄHRUNG 4.1 Bildung und Aufklärung der 64 Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher 4.2 Verbraucherfreundliche Kennzeichnung 68 4.3 Freiwillige Strategien zur Senkung des Zuckergehalts 72 oder anderer gesundheitlich relevanter Nährstoffe 4.4 Beschränkungen der an Kinder gerichteten Werbung 76 4.5 Steuerliche Instumente 81 5 ZENTRALE STRATEGIEN DER REGULIERUNGS- 91 ABWEHR – VIER THESEN VON FOODWATCH Strategie 1: Zweifel an wissenschaftlicher Evidenz säen 91 Strategie 2: andere Risikofaktoren in den Vordergrund spielen 92 Strategie 3: freiwillige Selbstverpflichtungen eingehen 94 Strategie 4: Partikular-Interessen als Gemeinwohl- 95 Interessen verschleiern 6 FOODWATCH-FORDERUNGEN 96 FÜR EINE GESUNDE ERNÄHRUNG ENDNOTEN 98 ENGLISCHE ZITATE IM ORIGINAL 106 5 EINFÜHRUNG UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 1 EINFÜHRUNG UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG weltweit die häufigste Todesursache.6 Happiness? Wer 1.1 VORWORT Betroffene oder Angehörige fragt, bekommt vermut- lich eine andere Antwort. Wer von den gesundheitli- „Eine Geschichte von über 130 Jahren Lebensfreude“– chen Folgen betroffen ist, verbindet andere Attribute so blickt das Unternehmen Coca-Cola, Weltmarktfüh- mit Cola, Fanta oder Sprite. Doch der Coca-Cola- rer für sogenannte Erfrischungsgetränke, auf seine ei- Konzern schafft es in der breiten Bevölkerung trotz gene Historie.1 „Lebensfreude“, dieses Attribut ist in alledem, sein gutes Image aufrechtzuerhalten. Die der Selbstdarstellung des Konzerns allgegenwärtig. Marke Coca-Cola ist eine der „wertvollsten“ der Welt. „Mach dir Freude auf“ oder „Open Happiness“ war Das unterscheidet die Getränkeindustrie bisher von viele Jahre der zentrale Werbespruch – und das welt- der Tabak-Industrie. Die Methoden der politischen weit.2 Die größten Sportevents der Welt, für viele In- Arbeit hingegen – das Lobbying – folgen bei beiden begriff der Lebensfreude, werden Jahr für Jahr gespon- Branchen dem gleichen Muster. sert.3 Der Konzern hat sogar ein eigenes „Happiness Institut“ gegründet, das Studien über Glücksempfin- Durch gekaufte Forschung wurden Zweifel an der den anfertigt und, nach eigener Aussage, „Lebens- Schädlichkeit der eigenen Produkte gesät. Durch mil- freude eine Plattform geben“ soll.4 „Lebensfreude“ ist lionenschwere Sportsponsorings wird der Einfluss an- für Coca-Cola das, was für die Zigarettenmarke Mar- derer Risikofaktoren wie Bewegungsmangel in den Vor- lboro die „Freiheit“ war: das Gefühl, was wir Ver- dergrund gespielt. Durch schwache freiwillige Selbst- braucherinnen und Verbraucher am stärksten mit der verpflichtungen werden strikte gesetzliche Vorgaben Marke verbinden sollen. Der sogenannte Markenkern, verhindert oder verzögert. Durch Klagen und Mei- wie Werbefachleute es nennen. „Coca-Cola“ soll gleich- nungskampagnen werden die Einführung von Sonder- bedeutend mit „Lebensfreude“ werden. abgaben auf Zuckergetränke oder von Größenbe- schränkungen für XXL-Becher bekämpft. Diese orche- Die Wahrheit könnte kaum weiter entfernt sein von strierte Abwehr des Gesundheitsschutzes inszeniert diesem Image. Der wahre Kern der Marke Coca-Cola die Getränkeindustrie letztlich auch noch als soziale ist das Gegenteil von Lebensfreude, es ist Krankheit. Tat, als Einsatz für die Freiheit der Verbraucherinnen Es ist die Welle chronischer Erkrankungen, die den und Verbraucher – ja sogar als Einsatz für die sozial Globus seit mehreren Dekaden erschüttert. Der Ge- Benachteiligten. Dieser Report soll die unrühmliche tränke-Riese mit Sitz in Atlanta (USA) fördert die welt- Rolle der Getränkeindustrie und des Platzhirschen weite Adipositas- und Diabetes-Epidemie wie kaum Coca-Cola in der weltweiten Epidemie chronischer ein anderes Unternehmen. Der Hauptumsatztreiber Krankheiten beleuchten und Wege aufzeigen, wie des Konzerns sind nachweislich krank machende die Branche in die Pflicht genommen werden kann. Produkte, zuckergesüßte Getränke. Schon eine einzi- ge Dose am Tag erhöht das Risiko für die Entstehung von Übergewicht und Typ-2-Diabetes.5 Zudem zeigen immer mehr Studien eine direkte Assoziation zwischen dem Konsum von Zuckergetränken und der Entstehung koronarer Herzkrankheiten, hierzulande wie auch 6 EINFÜHRUNG UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ausgewogenen Ernährung vereinbar ist, gilt bereits 1.2 ADIPOSITAS eine Dose Limonade am Tag als „zu viel“. Zuckerge- UND DIABETES AUF süßte Getränke bringen zusätzliche Kalorien, ohne einen entsprechenden Sättigungseffekt. Das macht sie DEM VORMARSCH so gefährlich. Die Lage ist ernst: Sowohl die Weltgesundheits- Hierzulande erfreuen sich Zuckergetränke größter organisation (WHO) als auch die Organisation für Beliebtheit: Deutschland ist mit etwa 84 Liter pro Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Kopf und Jahr eines der Länder mit dem weltweit (OECD) sprechen von einer „globalen Adipositas- höchsten Verbrauch. Jungen zwischen 12 und 17 Jah- Epidemie.“ 7,8 Seit 1975 hat sich die Anzahl der Be- ren trinken durchschnittlich sogar etwa einen halben troffenen weltweit fast verdreifacht!9 Und seit etwa Liter Zuckergetränke pro Tag.18 Zum Vergleich: Die einem Jahrzehnt sind weltweit erstmals mehr Men- Amerikanische Herzgesellschaft empfiehlt für Heran- schen fettleibig als untergewichtig.10 In Deutschland wachsende maximal 240 Milliliter – pro Woche! Das gilt aktuell jeder vierte Erwachsene und jeder zehnte Robert Koch-Institut stellte 2013 folgerichtig fest, Jugendliche in Deutschland als fettleibig.11 Ein ähnlich „dass in Deutschland ein hohes Präventionspotenzial besorgniserregendes Bild zeigt sich bei der Prävalenz bzgl. des Konsums zuckerhaltiger Getränke besteht.“ von Diabetes mellitus, der sogenannten Zuckerkrank- Dies gelte „insbesondere für Kinder, Jugendliche und heit. Im jüngsten nationalen Gesundheitsbebericht junge Erwachsene.“19 wird die Zahl der in Deutschland an Typ-2-Diabe- tes erkrankten Personen auf 6,7 Millionen geschätzt, Tendenz steigend.12 Daraus entsteht nicht bloß milli- onenfaches physisches und psychisches Leid bei den Betroffenen, sondern zudem auch ein erhebli- cher volkswirtschaftlicher Schaden. Adipositas allein führt Schätzungen zufolge zu gesamtgesellschaftli- chen (direkten und indirekten) Kosten in Höhe von 63 Milliarden Euro jährlich13, Diabetes schätzungs- weise zu Kosten in Höhe von 35 Milliarden Euro.14 Diese Kosten werden von der Allgemeinheit getragen. Eine unausgewogene Ernährungsweise gilt als eine der Hauptursachen für diese dramatische Entwicklung.15,16 Eine Produktgruppe wird dabei besonders herausge- stellt, und auch seitens der WHO als „wesentliche“ Ursache für Fettleibigkeit und Typ-2-Diabetes gese- hen: Zuckergetränke.17 Während bei Süßwaren oder anderen Snacks „eine Handvoll“ am Tag mit einer > 7 COCA-COLA-REPORT 2018 – EINFÜHRUNG UND ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Problems durchaus bewusst, das zeigt ein Blick in den 1.3 DAS DILEMMA DER Nachhaltigkeits bericht 2015. Im Kapitel „Individuel- GETRÄNKE-INDUSTRIE les Wohlbefinden stärken“ hat sich das Unternehmen verschiedene „Ziele für 2020“ gesetzt. Darunter: „Überproportionales Werbeinvestment für Light- und Woher kommt dieser Durst nach Zuckergetränken, Zerogetränke im Vergleich zu Werbung für klassische vor allem bei jungen Bevölkerungsschichten? Und Erfrischungsgetränke“. In die gleiche Kerbe schlägt die weshalb ist es für die Getränkeindustrie so schwie- „Sweetener-Challenge“, die der Konzern im Herbst rig, einen Wandel zu vollziehen und schlichtweg mit 2017 ausrief. Coca-Cola stellt dabei eine Million US- gesunden Produkten zu wachsen? Ganz einfach: Mit Dollar für „die wissenschaftliche Erforschung eines ungesunden Produkten lässt sich schlicht und einfach neuen natürlichen Süßungsmittels“ in Aussicht.22 das meiste Geld verdienen. Dementsprechend hoch sind die Anreize für die Lebensmittelwirtschaft, un- Die Antwort des Konzerns auf
Recommended publications
  • The Diet Industry the Diet Industry
    Issue: The Diet Industry The Diet Industry By: Lisa Rabasca Roepe Pub. Date: March 5, 2018 Access Date: September 24, 2021 DOI: 10.1177/237455680408.n1 Source URL: http://businessresearcher.sagepub.com/sbr-1946-105904-2881576/20180305/the-diet-industry ©2021 SAGE Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ©2021 SAGE Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Will it adapt to changing attitudes? Executive Summary The $70.3 billion industry for diet products and plans is experiencing a shakeout as consumer perceptions shift. The industry still fills a need, since about 70 percent of U.S. adults are overweight or obese, according to government data. But attitudes about how to control weight are changing, as many dieters bounce from one plan to another without finding satisfaction. Many give up on dieting altogether in favor of a broader approach that emphasizes eating a wider variety of foods, exercising and seeking to sustain a healthy lifestyle. In addition, new competitors are entering the field to challenge the traditional industry leaders, but the established firms are finding ways to survive in the changing climate. Key takeaways include: The year 2017 was a period of recovery for the industry after several down years for major players such as Weight Watchers. One well-established company, Nutrisystem, has been especially successful in adapting to a changing business environment by seeking partnerships with major retailers. Fitness apps and trackers, once seen as a potential industry disrupter, have had a mixed record, in part because owners often stop using them after a few months. Click hear to listen to an interview with author Lisa Rabasca Roepe.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Cultural Leadership 2020
    INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL LEADERSHIP 2020 WEEK 1 REAL LIFE APPLICATION KNOWING YOU CAN LEAD EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP CASE STUDY – Indra Nooyi, CEO, PepsiCo 1 The daughter of a conservative, middle-class family in southern India, Indra Nooyi didn’t seem destined to one day run one of the world’s largest snack food and beverage companies. But Nooyi does just that as the CEO and president of PepsiCo, making her one of the top female executives in the United States and probably the highest-ranking woman of Indian heritage in corporate America. Nooyi, who grew up in Madras (now Chennai), India, admits she always pushed social conventions. She played on an all-girls cricket team and was a guitarist in a rock band at a time when it was deemed inappropriate for Indian girls to do such things. Despite graduating from college with bachelor’s degrees in chemistry, math, and physics from Madras Christian College in 1974 and a master of business administration from the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Nooyi was reportedly remembered for being only a “mediocre student” (Pandey, 2006). Nooyi’s first job after college was for Tootal, a British textile company in India, but she was hired away as a brand manager for Johnson & Johnson to oversee the company’s Stayfree account in India. It was a job that would have challenged the most seasoned marketing executive because, at the time, advertising women’s feminine products was not allowed in her country (Murray, 2004). 1 Peter G. Northouse. Introduction to leadership: Concepts and Practice. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweeteners and Soft Drinks Add Sugar and Be Damned, Add Artificial Sweeteners and Be Damned
    Soft Drinks Internationa l – September 2014 ConTEnTS 1 news Europe 4 Africa 8 Middle East 10 Asia Pacific 12 The leading English language magazine published in Europe, devoted exclusively to the manufacture, distribution and marketing of soft drinks, fruit juices and bottled water. Americas 14 Ingredients 16 features Juices & Juice Drinks 18 Sweeteners And Soft Waters & Water Plus Drinks 20 Drinks 32 Carbonates 22 Add sugar and be damned, add artificial sweeteners and be damned. Dr Sports & Energy 25 John Wilkinson explores the vexing world Functionals 26 of beverage sweeteners, and finds that recent innovations include the use of alter - RTD Teas & Coffees 28 native sweeteners, the dilution of existing sugar drinks, and the use of sensory mod - Left In The Slow Lane 36 Dairy & Alternatives 30 ulators . Sports drinks are held back by the fact that by their very nature, their consump - tion occasions are limited to sporting Processing 40 Mid-calorie Carbonates 34 activity, something that also restricts the Mid-range caloric beverages provide an number of drinkers who will drink them. Packaging 42 option that fits neatly between diet and However, the prospects remain upbeat traditional or full-sugar carbonated Environment 44 and forecasts suggest that sports drink drinks , according to PureCircle. People 46 growth will still be around half that of energy drinks , reports Richard Corbett. Events 49 Developments in the USA 38 Without question, the state of the economy regulars is crucial for overall beverage category success, but so are products that connect with the evolving, novelty-seeking Comment 2 American consumer. Those offering a BSDA 6 & 47 functional benefit or some sought-after properties over and above thirst quench - From The Past 48 ing resonated with consumers in North America’s largest market, while some Buyers’ Guide 50 long-struggling segments continue to Classified 52 struggle, reports John Rodwan.
    [Show full text]
  • COOL Raises Questions
    Just In A record crowd packed the aisles for the AFPD Save the date for S.E. Michigan Holiday Beverage Show! AFPD’s 93rd Annual Trade Dinner and Ball! AFPD's 93rd Annual Trade Dinner and Ball is set for Friday, February 6 2009 and we are heading for the beautiful Shenandoah Country Club in West Bloomfield. This year our theme is “CIRCUS CIRCUS!" Step right up to a night of dining, dancing and a host of carnival activities! Join Michigan and Ohio leaders in the food, beverage and petroleum industries al this one-and-only, industry-wide annual black tie event. We guarantee it will be the “Greatest Show on Earth!" Held September 23 and 24 at Rock Financial Showplace in Novi, a record crowd of over 2,300 attendees were treated to a huge array of new Invitations and detailed sponsorship products, holiday packaged gift sets and show specials. Please see pages 16 and 17 for more photos and details of this event. information will be mailed soon. Information is also available online at wwAAFPDonline.org or call Michele Spartan Stores to acquire VG’s MacWilliams at 1-800-666-6233. Spartan Stores, with headquarters $310 million, and boost overall bring VG’s, a premier Michigan in Grand Rapids, announced that it consolidated sales by $160 million. grocery operator, further into the has agreed to acquire VG’s Food The company expects the Spartan Stores family,” said Craig Center and VG’s Pharmacy, a 17- acquisition to have a neutral effect Sturken, chairman of Spartan, in a Resident’s R e p o rt....................
    [Show full text]
  • Global Journal of Business Disciplines
    Volume 4, Number 1 Print ISSN: 2574-0369 Online ISSN: 2574-0377 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS DISCIPLINES Editor: Qian Xiao Eastern Kentucky University Co Editor: Lin Zhao Purdue University Northwest The Global Journal of Business Disciplines is owned and published by the Institute for Global Business Research. Editorial content is under the control of the Institute for Global Business Research, which is dedicated to the advancement of learning and scholarly research in all areas of business. Global Journal of Business Disciplines Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 Authors execute a publication permission agreement and assume all liabilities. Institute for Global Business Research is not responsible for the content of the individual manuscripts. Any omissions or errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editorial Board is responsible for the selection of manuscripts for publication from among those submitted for consideration. The Publishers accept final manuscripts in digital form and make adjustments solely for the purposes of pagination and organization. The Global Journal of Business Disciplines is owned and published by the Institute for Global Business Research, 1 University Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204-3951 USA. Those interested in communicating with the Journal, should contact the Executive Director of the Institute for Global Business Research at [email protected]. Copyright 2020 by Institute for Global Research, Nashville, TN, USA 1 Global Journal of Business Disciplines Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Aidin Salamzadeh Rafiuddin Ahmed University of Tehran, Iran James Cook University, Australia Daniela de Carvalho Wilks Robert Lahm Universidade Europeia – Laureate International Western Carolina University Universities, Portugal Virginia Barba-Sánchez Hafiz Imtiaz Ahmad University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain New York Institute of Technology Abu Dhabi Campus Wei He Purdue University Northwest Ismet Anitsal Missouri State University H.
    [Show full text]
  • Stevia a Case Study on Use of Synthetic Biology Replacements
    Stevia A Case Study on Use of Synthetic Biology Replacements Overview Farmers Affected: Tens of thousands. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), a leafy plant characterized Market Value: For stevia leaves and powders, etc.: by its sweet taste, has its origins as a traditional food $347 million in 2014, growing rapidly to $565.2 and medicinal ingredient of indigenous Guarani million by 20201; The market for stevia- peoples in Paraguay and Brazil. Because of its rapidly- sweetened goods (drinks, candies, etc.): growing use as a zero-calorie natural sweetener, $8-11 billion (2015)2 global demand for stevia is experiencing explosive Volume: Stevia consumption expected to 3 growth. The revenue from stevia-sweetened goods reach 8,506.9 tonnes by the end of 2020 was pegged at between $8-11 billion US in 2015.4 Uses: Non-caloric sweetener Syn Bio Companies: Evolva, Cargill, Status: Syn bio stevia will be launched in 2017 Stevia First, DSM Hotspots: China (80%), Paraguay (3%), USA, Argentina, Colombia, Kenya, R&D Scale Up Commercialization Also Grown In: India, Vietnam, Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan Ingredient companies are now isolating the key Cultural Importance: Traditional food, medicinal sweetening compounds in stevia, steviol glycosides uses by indigenous Guarani people, highly prized (sugars) known as rebaudiosides, and producing in Paraguay; today seen as possible help in obesity them individually for use in mainstream market epidemic brands. Some of these compounds are thought to Biodiversity Considerations: Low land use, can be have up to 350 times the sweetness of sugar and are grown without agrochemicals, low CO2 footprint being widely incorporated into leading soft drinks Quality issues: Syn Bio firms are not producing such as Coca Cola Life and Pepsi True as well as true stevia but only mimics of single baked goods, candies, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Sent: Monday, January 05, 2015 5:38 PM To: @NBC Uni LIM DFW
    Sent: Monday, January 05, 2015 5:38 PM To: @NBC Uni LIM DFW Feedback On The Site Subject: Viewer E-mail - www.nbcdfw.com - Contact Us (On Air or Online) - Transcript of Story Message: You ran a story on the evening news on 1/4/15 about people becoming more health conscious about drinks over the next 25 years. I caught a portion and would like to hear the entire report. The story was about drinks from vending machines changing even the bottling of drinks to make more healthy drinks. Can you send a link to that story on your website? Thanks From: NBCUniversal Date: Mon, Jan 5, 2015 at 6:23 PM Subject: RE: Viewer E-mail - www.nbcdfw.com - Contact Us (On Air or Online) - Transcript of Story Unfortunately, I do not have a copy of the video, but here is the script. WHAT KINDS OF DRINKS WILL WE BE CONSUMING IN 25 YEARS? BEVERAGE COMPANIES ARE STRUGGLING RIGHT NOW... WITH A LONG-TERM DECLINE IN SODA SALES... AS CONSUMERS DITCH ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS... AND SUGARY SOFT DRINKS. SARA EISEN SHOWS US WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS. ( "Orange, vanilla, cherry") CHOICES. PERSONALIZATION. CUSTOMIZATION. THAT'S THE KEY FOR BEVERAGES IN THE NEXT 25 YEARS. PEPSI... IS ALREADY THINKING ABOUT IT.. AS IT PREPARES TO ROLL-OUT DRINKFINITY.. (BRAD JAKEMAN, PEPSICO GLOBAL BEVERAGES GROUP) Q: what does the drinkfinity tell us about the consumer in 25 years A: "it tells us a number of things - firstly consumers are going to look for much more exciting propositions... vast amount of choice available to them" YOU'RE ALREADY STARTING TO SEE THAT IN COKE'S FREESTYLE MACHINE..
    [Show full text]
  • Del Uso Indígena Al Comercio Mundial Ciencia, Poder Y Explotación En La
    Escuela Nacional Universidad Federal Florestan Fernandes de Juiz de Fora Especialización en Estudios Latinoamericanos IV Turma Soledad Barret (2013-2015) Trabajo de Conclusión del Curso (TCC) DEL USO INDÍGENA AL COMERCIO MUNDIAL CIENCIA , PODER Y EXPLOTACIÓN EN LA MERCANTILIZACIÓN DE LA KA’A HE’E (S TEVIA ) Alumno: Santiago Liaudat Landívar Orientador: Mariano Zukerfeld 1 Para citar este trabajo: Liaudat, S. (2015). Del uso indígena al comercio mundial: ciencia, poder y explotación en la mercantilización de la Ka’a He’e (Stevia) . Tesis para optar por el título de Especialista en Estudios Latinoamericanos. Juiz de Fora (MG): Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora y Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes. 174 p. Correo electrónico del autor : [email protected] Resumen El pasaje de una planta que se encontraba fuera del capitalismo a una mercancía global altamente tecnificada está lejos de ser sencillo o transparente. Sin embargo, los análisis sobre mercantilización se han reducido la mayoría de las veces al momento de la manufacturación. Esta centralidad ha implicado concentrar la atención exclusivamente en los tradicionales tres factores de producción (trabajo, capital, materia prima) así como en un único lugar físico (la unidad productiva). Nuestro foco estuvo puesto, en cambio, en develar los mecanismos socio-cognitivos que antecedieron a la fase estrictamente económica y que fueron determinantes en la distribución de beneficios posterior. Se destacan las relaciones entre productores, intermediarios, mediadores y explotadores de conocimientos tradicionales, científicos y tecnológicos, y el papel de las regulaciones sobre los conocimientos. Sostenemos que la mercancía final cristalizó las relaciones de fuerza expresadas en esa historia previa a la comercialización.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 GRI Report 043096 PEP RPT14 GRI V10 10/02/15 Page 1
    PepsiCo 2014 GRI Report 043096 PEP_RPT14_GRI_v10 10/02/15 page 1 Performance with Purpose 2014 GRI Report PepsiCo 2014 GRI Report 043096 PEP_RPT14_GRI_v10 10/02/15 page 2 Table of Contents 2 PepsiCo 2014 GRI Report Table of Contents CEO Letter 3 About PepsiCo 5 Performance with Purpose 6 Stakeholder Engagement 10 Material Aspects & Boundaries 17 Public Policy & Political Engagement 21 Human Sustainability 23 Innovating Healthier Options 28 Responsibly Marketing Our Products 36 Pepsico Quality and Food Safety 42 Environmental Sustainability 45 Water 53 Climate Change 58 Agriculture 64 Packaging and Waste 69 Talent Sustainability 74 Talent Attraction, Engagement & Growth 78 Diversity & Engagement 85 Workplace Safety 90 Human Rights 94 Global Citizenship 97 Corporate Governance, Risk Management and Compliance 102 GRI Index 116 Independent Verification Letters 125 PepsiCo 2014 GRI Report 043096 PEP_RPT14_GRI_v10 10/02/15 page 3 CEO Letter 3 PepsiCo 2014 GRI Report CEO Letter On the surface, profit is a word that to support with the profits we make, but rather a path to delivering is easily defined: to make money. profitability. Weaving sustainability into the very fabric of our organization is In reality, however, that definition is a way to help future-proof our business for the changing world around us. incomplete. In a world that is being radically reshaped by sweeping At PepsiCo, we focus on three pillars of sustainability: Human, Environmental forces of change — from technological and Talent. We are working to improve the nutritional profile of our products innovation and globalization to and offer a wider selection of nutritious foods and beverages in response resource scarcity, climate change to growing consumer demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Examples of Fizzy Drinks
    Examples Of Fizzy Drinks Dramaturgic and lactiferous Hailey enclasps almost saltily, though Aldric slurring his retardants resuscitates. enough?Rourke never Cantharidal remarried and any reviviscent hagioscopes Zack encapsulating often dehumanizes fortunately, some isnonages Humphrey austerely sweet orand dampen abandoned sound. The drinks fizzy Rogers PJ, Carlyle JA, Hill AJ, Blundell JE. The products intended to the citric acid were assessed by building blocks of lcs are? Includes everything from soda to energy drinks to juice. Health Study were no exception. For example, although the guidelines allow juice with no added sweeteners, these drinks still have a lot of calories. Carbonated drinks are said to increase calcium loss from the bones, cause tooth decay, and trigger irritable bowel syndrome. Consumption of examples do you could not only influences research to the fizzy drinks were also affect mycotoxins in! The altitude below reveals a few examples of who owns what in durable soft goods industry. What is loot in fizzy drinks Fizzy drinks can mistake any determine the following sugar high-fructose corn syrup sweeteners including sucralose acesulfame potassium and aspartame flavourings colourings caffeine and preservatives. Ginger ale was created in Ireland. Take the bow of Red Bull the primary factor for the great's success while its groundbreaking marketing campaigns In cabbage to publish the. Increased levels of acidity take much toll of tooth enamel. Big Idea: Matter and energy are conserved in chemical reactions. It system a tangy and whether flavor i can put double fermented with fruit or juice to overlook a fizzy drink ensure to soft drinks HEALTH FITNESS wellnessmamacom.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Leadership
    CHAPTER 1 Understanding Leadership INTRODUCTION his book is about what it takes to be a leader. Everyone, at some time in T life, is asked to be a leader, whether to lead a classroom discussion, coach a children’s soccer team, or direct a fund-raising campaign. Many situations require leadership. A leader may have a high profile (e.g., an elected public What is Leadership? official) or a low profile (e.g., a volunteer leader in Big Brothers Big Sisters), but in every situation there are leadership demands placed on the individual who is the leader. Being a leader is challenging, exciting, and rewarding, and carries with it many responsibilities. This chapter discusses different ways of looking at leadership and their impacts on what it means to be a leader. LEADERSHIP EXPLAINED At the outset, it is important to address a basic question: What is leadership? DoScholars not who study copy, leadership have struggled post, with this question or for many distribute decades and have written a great deal about the nature of leadership (Antonakis, Cianciolo, & Sternberg, 2004; Bass, 1990; Conger & Riggio, 2007). (See Box 1.1.) 1 Copyright ©2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. 2 INTRODUCTION TO LEADERSHIP In leadership literature, more than 100 different definitions of leadership have been identified (Rost, 1991). Despite these many definitions, a number Leadership Basics of concepts are recognized by most people as accurately reflecting what it is to be a leader.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insider Journal Clean Label Strategy & Formulation Brought to You By: Natural Products INSIDER Sweeteners Balancing Label, Taste Concerns
    FOOD INSIDER JOURNAL Clean Label Strategy & Formulation Brought to you by: Natural Products INSIDER Sweeteners Balancing Label, Taste Concerns Vol.1 No.2 ■ April 2017 ■ US$20 foodinsiderjournal.com CONTENTS foodinsiderjournal.com April 2017 3 5 19 Viewpoint: Sweeteners: Clean Label Sweet Success Balancing Label, Sweeteners Raise Taste Concerns the Bar in Beverages Innovation in Action 28 32 Reed’s Inc.: Lotus Botanical Elixirs: Dosing the World Naturally Crafted with Ginger to Drink Life In FOOD INSIDER JOURNAL Clean Label Strategy & Formulation Brought to you by: Natural Products INSIDER Copyright © 2017 Informa Exhibitions LLC. All rights reserved. The publisher reserves the right to accept or reject any advertising or editorial material. Advertisers, and/or their agents, assume the responsibility for all content of published advertisements and assume responsibility for any claims against the publisher based on the advertisement. Editorial contributors assume responsibility for their published works and assume responsibility for any claims against the publisher based on the published work. Editorial content may not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. Materials contained on this site may not be reproduced, modified, distributed, republished or hosted (either directly or by linking) without our prior written permission. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of content. You may, however, download material from the site (one machine readable copy and one print copy per page) for your personal, noncommercial use only. We reserve all rights in and title to all material downloaded. All items submitted to FOOD INSIDER JOURNAL become the sole property of Informa Exhibitions LLC.
    [Show full text]